FLUOROPHOSPHATE OPTICAL GLASS, AND OPTICAL PREFORM, ELEMENT AND INSTRUMENT

Abstract

An optical glass contains the following components in molar percentage of cations: 2-20% of P.sup.5+, 20-40% of A1.sup.3+, 0.5-10% of Ba.sup.2+, 5-25% of Sr.sup.2+, 15-35% of Ca.sup.2+, and 1-15% of Mg.sup.2+, and contains the following components in molar percentage of anions: 83-95% of F.sup.− and 5-17% of O.sup.2−. The fluorophosphate optical glass has a refractive index (nd) of 1.42-1.45, an Abbe number (vd) of 93-96, a density (ρ) of 3.55 g/cm.sup.3 or less, a bubble degree of grade B or above, a thermal expansion coefficient of 160×10.sup.−7/K or less, a durability of water (D.sub.w) of grade 2 or above, and an excellent crystallization resistance performance.

Claims

1. A fluorophosphate optical glass, characterized in that a cation contains P.sup.5+, Al.sup.3+ and alkaline earth metal ions and an anion contains F.sup.− and O.sup.2−; a thermal expansion coefficient (α.sub.20° C.-120 ° C.) of the optical glass is 160×10.sup.−7/K or less; a density (ρ) is 3.55 g/cm.sup.3 or less; and a durability of water (D.sub.w) is grade 2 or above.

2. The fluorophosphate optical glass according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following components in molar percentage of cations: 2-20% of P.sup.5+, 20-40% of Al.sup.3+, 0.5-10% of Ba.sup.2+, 5-25% of Sr.sup.2+, 15-35% of Ca.sup.2+, and 1-15% of Mg.sup.2+; and the glass containing the following components in molar percentage of anions: 83-95% of F.sup.− and 5-17% of O.sup.2−.

3. A fluorophosphate optical glass, characterized by comprising the following components in molar percentage of cations: 2-20% of P.sup.5+, 20-40% of Al.sup.3+, 0.5-10% of Ba.sup.2+, 5-25% of Sr.sup.2+, 15-35% of Ca.sup.2+, and 1-15% of Mg.sup.2+; and the glass containing the following components in molar percentage of anions: 83-95% of F− and 5-17% of O.sup.2−.

4. The fluorophosphate optical glass according to claim 1, characterized by further comprising 0-6% of Ln.sup.3+, 0-10% of Na.sup.+, 0-10% of Li.sup.+, and 0-10% of K.sup.+, wherein Ln.sup.3+ is one or more of La.sup.3+, Gd.sup.3+, Y.sup.3+ and Yb.sup.3+.

5. A fluorophosphate optical glass, characterized by consisting of the following components in molar percentage of cations: 2-20% of P.sup.5+, 20-40% of Al.sup.3+, 0.5-10% of Ba.sup.2+, 5-25% of Sr.sup.2+, 15-35% of Ca.sup.2+, 1-15% of Mg.sup.2+, 0-10% of Na.sup.+, 0-10% of Li.sup.+, 0-10% of K.sup.+, and 0-6% of Ln.sup.3+, wherein Ln.sup.3+ is one or more of La.sup.3+, Gd.sup.3+, Y.sup.3+ and Yb.sup.3+; and the glass is composed of the following components in molar percentage of anions: 83-95% of F.sup.− and 5-17% of O.sup.2−.

6. The fluorophosphate optical glass according to claim 1, characterized in that a refractive index (nd) of the glass is 1.42-1.45, preferably 1.43-1.44; and an Abbe number (vd) is 93-96, preferably 94-95.5.

7. The fluorophosphate optical glass according to claim 1, characterized in that the P.sup.5+ is 3-15%, and/or the Al.sup.3+ is 25-38% , and/or the Ba.sup.2+ is 1-8%, and/or the Sr.sup.2+ is 10-22%, and/or the Ca.sup.2+ is 20-33%, and/or the Mg.sup.2+ is 2-12%, and/or the Ln.sup.3+ is 0-5%, and/or the Na.sup.+ is 0-4%, and/or the Li.sup.+ is 0.5-5%, and/or the K.sup.+ is 0-5%.

8. The fluorophosphate optical glass according to claim 1, characterized in that the Ba.sup.2+/Ca.sup.2+ is 0.01-0.155, and/or the Ba.sup.2+/(Ca.sup.2++Mg.sup.2+) is 0.08-0.13, and/or the O.sup.2/F.sup.− is 0.105-0.2.

9. The fluorophosphate optical glass according to claim 1, characterized in that the P.sup.5+ is 5-10%, and/or the Al.sup.3+ is 30-35%, and/or the Ba.sup.2+ is 1-5%, and/or the Sr.sup.2+ is 15-20%, and/or the Ca.sup.2+ is 25-30%, and/or the Mg.sup.2+ is 5-10%, and/or the Ln.sup.3+ is 0.5-3%, and/or the Na.sup.+ is 0.5-2%, and/or the Li.sup.+ is 0.5-3%, and/or the K.sup.+ is 0-2%.

10. The fluorophosphate optical glass according to claim 1, characterized in that the Ba.sup.2+/Ca.sup.2+ is 0.05-0.155, and/or the Ba.sup.2+/(Ca.sup.2++Mg.sup.2+) is 0.09-0.125, and/or the O.sup.2−/F.sup.− is 0.11-0.18.

11. The fluorophosphate optical glass according to claim 1, characterized in that the Ba.sup.2+/Ca.sup.2+ is 0.1-0.15, and/or the Ba.sup.2+/(Ca.sup.2++Mg.sup.2+) is 0.1-0.12, and/or the O.sup.2−/F.sup.− is 0.11-0.15.

12. The fluorophosphate optical glass according to claim 1, characterized in that Y.sup.3+ is 0-5%, preferably 0-4%, more preferably 0.5-3%; La.sup.3+ is 0-5%, preferably 0-3%, more preferably 0-1%; Gd.sup.3+ is 0-5%, preferably 0-3%, more preferably 0-1%; and Yb.sup.3+ is 0-5%, preferably 0-3%, more preferably 0-1%.

13. The fluorophosphate optical glass according to claim 1, characterized in that an F.sup.− content is 85-92%, more preferably 87-91%; and an O.sup.2− content is 8-15%, more preferably 9-13%.

14. The fluorophosphate optical glass according to claim 1, characterized in that a thermal expansion coefficient (α.sub.20 ° C.-120 ° C.) of the glass is 155×10.sup.−7/K or less; a density (ρ) is 3.53 g/cm.sup.3 or less; a bubble content is grade B or above, preferably grade A or above, more preferably grade A.sub.0 or above; and a durability of water (D.sub.w) is grade 1 or above.

15. An optical preform, characterized in that the preform is prepared from the fluorophosphate optical glass according to claim 1.

16. An optical element, characterized in that the element is prepared from the fluorophosphate optical glass according to claim 1 or the optical preform according to claim 15.

17. An optical instrument, characterized in that the instrument is prepared from the optical element according to claim 16.

Description

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

[0024] The present invention will be further described in details in combination with the following embodiments for the purpose of clear understanding of the objective, technical solution and advantages of the present invention. It should be understood that the specific implementations depicted herein are merely used for explaining the present invention, without any limit to the present invention.

[0025] The following paragraphs will explain the functions and limited scopes of all components contained in the fluorophosphate optical glass provided by the present invention in connection with the specific principles.

[0026] It should be noted that each cation and the total content of cations are expressed by “molar percentage of cations”, and each anion and the total content of anions are expressed by “molar percentage of anions” herein. The “molar percentage of cations” refers to the percentage of a certain cation in the total cations, and the “molar percentage of anions” refers to the percentage of a certain anion in the total anions.

[0027] It should be noted that an ionic valency of each component is a typical value just for convenience, without difference from other ionic valencies. The ionic valencies of all components present in the optical glass have other possibilities in addition to the typical values. For example, P is present in the glass in the form of an ionic valency of 5, and thus has “P.sup.5+” as the representative herein, but possibly has other ionic valency states, and meanwhile also falls into the protection scope of the present invention.

[0028] P.sup.5+ is an important component which plays its role as a network structure in the fluorophosphate glass, and constitutes main elements of a glass frame together with O.sup.2−, which can improve a mechanical property of the glass while keeping a glass forming stability. In the fluorophosphate optical glass provided by the present invention, when a P.sup.5+ content is lower than 2%, a crystallization tendency of the glass will increase, and a stability will get worse; when the P.sup.5+ content is higher than 20%, the glass properties will be greatly affected, and optical constants required by the present invention will be obtained difficultly. Hence, in an attempt to consider the stability and optical property of the glass, the P.sup.5+ content is defined to be 2-20%, preferably 3-15%, more preferably 5-10%.

[0029] Al.sup.3+ is an important component to improve a devitrification resistance and a chemical stability in the fluorophosphate glass; when a content thereof is lower than 20%, the chemical stability of the glass declines, and thus a lower limit is 20%, preferably 25%, more preferably 30%; when the content thereof is higher than 40%, the required refractive index and Abbe number cannot be obtained due to the decreasing contents of other ingredients, and meanwhile, a transformation temperature T.sub.g of the glass will increase greatly, which will cause the rise of a forming temperature, and the increase of opacification tendency, fragility and an abrasion hardness. Hence, an upper limit of an Al.sup.3+ is 40%, preferably 38%, more preferably 37%, further preferably 36%, and still further preferably 35%. The main effects of alkaline earth metal ions such as Ba.sup.2+, Sr.sup.2+, Ca.sup.2+ and Mg.sup.2+ are to improve the chemical stability and crystallization resistance performance of the glass, allow the glass to reach the expected optical property, control the refractive index and the Abbe number, and meanwhile optimize a production process of the optical glass.

[0030] To be specific, Ba.sup.2+ is beneficial for the devitrification resistance and the refractive index of the glass; when the content thereof is lower than 0.5%, the chemical stability and the devitrification resistance of the glass get worse; when the content is higher than 10%, the required refractive index and Abbe number cannot be reached, and meanwhile the specific gravity of the glass will increase. Hence, a Ba.sup.2+ content is defined to be 0.5-10%, preferably 1-8%, more preferably 1-5%.

[0031] Sr.sup.2+ is effective in improving the devitrification resistance of the glass, and may effectively adjust the refractive index and the specific gravity of the glass. If the content thereof is excessive, the refractive index and the dispersion of the glass will increase, so that the expected chemical property will be reached difficultly, and meanwhile the chemical stability of the glass will decline. Hence, to obtain the better optical property, an Sr.sup.2+ content is defined to be 5-25%, preferably 10-22%, more preferably 15-20%.

[0032] Ca.sup.2+ may lower the Abbe number and specific gravity of the glass, stabilize the glass forming, and improve the acid and abrasion resistance of the glass. If the content thereof is too low, the required optical property will not be reached; if the content thereof is too high, the devitrification resistance and the chemical stability of the glass will get worse. Hence, a Ca.sup.2+ content is defined to be 15-35%, preferably 20-33%, more preferably 25-30%.

[0033] Mg.sup.2+, with the effect of improving a thermal stability and an abrasionresistance of the glass, is added to effectively improve the glass formation, the devitrification resistance and a processibility of the glass. If a content thereof is too low, the possibility to adjust the processibility is low, and the glass processing difficulty is increased; if the content thereof is too high, other alkaline earth metal contents decrease, and the required optical property cannot be reached. Hence, a Mg.sup.2+ content is defined to be 1-15%, preferably 2-12%, more preferably 5-10%.

[0034] With respect to the addition types of alkaline earth metals and contents of various ingredients, the inventor, according to the research findings, has found that the refractive index and the Abbe number of the fluorophosphate optical glass provided by the present invention can be obtained when four alkaline earth metals (Ba.sup.2+, Sr.sup.2+, Ca.sup.2+ and Mg.sup.2+) are added to jointly adjust the glass properties through an synergistic action. Thus, the glass has the good chemical stability (including the durability of water and the durability of acid), the bubble content and the crystallization resistance performance, and meanwhile is uneasily damaged during the mold forming and heating, thereby lowering the difficulty of the production process.

[0035] Further, the inventor, through the research findings, has found that the ratios of Ba.sup.2+/Ca.sup.2+ and Ba.sup.2+/(Ca.sup.2++Mg.sup.2+) have a great influence on the density, bubble content, chemical stability and crystallization resistance performance; when the ratio of Ba.sup.2+/Ca.sup.2+ is higher than 0.155, the specific gravity of the glass will increase, and thus the lightweight purpose can be reached difficultly; when the ratio of Ba.sup.2+/Ca.sup.2+ is lower than 0.01, the glass will easily generate bubbles, and the crystallization resistance performance will decline. Hence, to balance the additions of Ba.sup.2+ and Ca.sup.2+, reduce the glass density and improve the bubble content and the crystallization resistance performance, Ba.sup.2+/Ca.sup.2+ is defined to be 0.01-0.155, preferably 0.03-0.155, more preferably 0.05-0.155, further preferably 0.1-0.15.

[0036] When the ratio of Ba.sup.2+/(Ca.sup.2++Mg.sup.2+) is higher than 0.13, the additions of Ba.sup.2+, Ca.sup.2+ and Mg.sup.2+ are unbalanced, and thus the specific gravity of the glass will increase; when the ratio of Ba.sup.2+/(Ca.sup.2++Mg.sup.2+) is lower than 0.08, the chemical stability of the glass will get worse, and the crystallization resistance performance will decline. Hence, to lower the density and improve the chemical stability and crystallization resistance performance of the glass, Ba.sup.2+/(Ca.sup.2++Mg.sup.2+) is defined to be 0.08-0.13, preferably 0.09-0.125, more preferably 0.1-0.12.

[0037] Alkali metals such as Li.sup.+, Na.sup.+ and K.sup.+ can lower the viscosity and transformation temperature of the glass and easily produce the glass ingredients; but if they are introduced excessively, the stability will reduce, the thermal expansion coefficient of the glass will increase and the durability of water will lower. Hence, a Na.sup.+ content is defined to be 0-10%, preferably 0-4%, more preferably 0.5-2%; a Li.sup.+ content is defined to be 0-10%, preferably 0.5-5%, more preferably 0.5-3%; a K.sup.+ content is defined to be 0-10%, preferably 0-5%, more preferably 0-2%, further preferably the content is not introduced. Ln.sup.3+(La.sup.3+, Gd.sup.3+, Yb.sup.3+ and Y.sup.3+), as rare earth elements, are the ingredients to keep the low dispersion and improve the refractive index of the glass. If the contents thereof are too high, the effects cannot be reached. However, the refractive index of the glass will exceed the required scope if they are excessively added; and meanwhile, the chemical stability of the glass will lower if a melting temperature rises. Hence, a total content of the rare earth element Ln.sup.3+ is defined to be 0-6%, preferably 0-5%, more preferably 0.5-3%. Y.sup.3+ is 0-5%, preferably 0-4%, more preferably 0.5-3%;La.sup.3+ is 0-5%, preferably 0-3%, more preferably 0-1%; Gd.sup.3+ is 0-5%, preferably 0-3%, more preferably 0-1%; and Yb.sup.3+ is 0-5%, preferably 0-3%, more preferably 0-1%.

[0038] Within a range not impairing the glass properties of the present invention, 0-5% of the other cations not mentioned above can be added according to the needs, including Si.sup.4+, B.sup.3+, Ti.sup.4+, Nb.sup.5+, W.sup.6+, Zr.sup.4+, Zn.sup.2+, Ge.sup.4+, Te.sup.4+, Sb.sup.3+ and Sn.sup.4+. However, for the transition metal ingredients such as V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Ag, and Mo, even if they are contained in a single or compound form, the glass could be colored and absorb a specific wavelength in the visible light region, thereby weakening the property of the present invention in improving the visible light transmittance, and therefore, in particular, for the optical glass with requirement on wavelength transmittance in the visible region, it is preferably not actually included.

[0039] Pb, Th, Cd, Tl, Os, Be, and Se cations have been used in a controlled manner as harmful chemical substances in recent years, which is necessary not only in the glass manufacturing process, but also in the processing procedure and disposal after the productization for environmental protection measures. Therefore, in the case of attaching importance to the influence on the environment, they are preferably not actually included except for the inevitable incorporation. As a result, the optical glass does not actually contain substances that contaminate the environment. Therefore, the optical glass provided by the present invention can be manufactured, processed and discarded even if a measure is not taken as a special environmental countermeasure.

[0040] Then, the anion ingredients will be described in details.

[0041] In the fluorophosphate optical glass provided by the present invention, O.sup.2− and F.sup.− are anion ingredients, which are added to realize the required optical property and glass stability.

[0042] To be specific, F.sup.− is a critical component which allows the glass to have the low dispersion and abnormal dispersion, and is effective in lowering the refractive index, temperature coefficient and T.sub.g; if the content thereof is too low, the required properties will be reached difficultly; and if the content thereof is too high, the chemical stability of the glass will be weakened, the thermal expansion coefficient and abrasion hardness will be increased, especially in a melting process, the volatilization of F will not only pollute the environment, but also the internal composition of the glass will be uneven, which will cause abnormal data, stripe and other defects. Hence, an F.sup.− content is 83-95%, preferably 85-92%, more preferably 87-91%.

[0043] O.sup.2− is a necessary component that constitutes a network structure of the fluorophosphate optical glass; if a content thereof is too low, the glass stability will be poor and the refractive index required by the present invention will be reached difficultly; if the content thereof is too high, the required dispersion and abnormal dispersion will be obtained difficultly. Hence, an O.sup.2− content is defined to be 5-17%, preferably 8-15%, more preferably 9-13%.

[0044] The inventor, through research findings, has found that the molar content ratio of O.sup.2− to F.sup.−(O.sup.2−/F.sup.−), has a great influence on the thermal expansion coefficient, the mouldability property and the glass forming property for the fluorophosphate optical glass; when the ratio of O.sup.2−/F.sup.− is lower than 0.105, the thermal expansion coefficient is higher and the mouldability property is poor; when the ratio of O.sup.2−/F.sup.− is higher than 0.2, the glass forming property is disadvantageous. Hence, to lower the thermal expansion coefficient of the glass, avoid easy damage during the mould pressing and thermal processing and improve the glass forming property, the ratio of O.sup.2−/F.sup.− is defined to be 0.105-0.2, preferably 0.11-0.18, more preferably 0.11-0.15.

[0045] The anion may contain Cl.sup.−, which may be preferably introduced in the form of the cationchloride, preferably in the form of BaCl.sub.2, and may be taken as a clarifiant having a content of 0-1% in the present invention.

[0046] Hereinafter, the properties of the fluorophosphate optical glass provided by the present invention will be described.

[0047] The refractive index (nd) and Abbe number (vd) are tested as per the test method specified in GB/T7962.1-2010.

[0048] The thermal expansion coefficient (α.sub.20° C.-120° C.) is tested as per the test method in GB/T7962.16-2010.

[0049] The density (ρ) is tested as per the test method specified in GB/T7962.20-2010.

[0050] The bubble content is tested as per the test method specified in GB/T7962.8-2010.

[0051] The durability of water (D.sub.w) is tested as per the test method specified in GB/T17129.

[0052] The test method for the crystallization resistance performance of the glass provided by the present invention comprises the following steps: cutting a sample glass into a specification of 20×20×10 mm, placing into a muffle furnace at a temperature of T.sub.g+230° C. to insulate for preset 30 min, putting into an insulation cotton for annealing after taking out, and visually observing the surface crystallization after cooling, wherein “A” is marked for no obvious crystallization, and “B” is marked for obvious crystallization.

[0053] After being tested, the fluorophosphate optical glass provided by the present invention has the following properties that:

[0054] the refractive index (nd) of the glass is 1.42-1.45, preferably 1.43-1.44; the Abbe number (vd) is 93-96, preferably 94-95.5; the density (ρ) is 3.55 g/cm.sup.3 or less, preferably 3.53 g/cm.sup.3 or less; a bubble content is grade B or above, preferably grade A or above, more preferably grade A.sub.0 or above; the thermal expansion coefficient (α.sub.20° C.-120° C.) is 160×10.sup.−7/K or less, preferably 155 ×10.sup.−7/K or less;

[0055] The melting and forming methods for the production of the optical glass can be carried out by using the technology known to those skilled in the art. The method comprises the steps of weighing and evenly mixing glass raw materials (carbonates, nitrates metaphosphates, fluorides, oxides, etc.) in the proportions of all ions of the glass, then putting into a smelting device (such as platinum crucible), cooling to below 900° C. after appropriate mixing, clarification and homogenization at 900˜1,250° C., pouring or leaking to a molding die, and finally conducting post-processing including annealing, processing, etc., or pressing and forming directly through a precise press molding technology.

[0056] The fluorophosphate optical glass provided by the present invention may be taken as a glass preform material for pressure molding, or the molten glass may be directly subject to pressure molding. The known manufacturing and molding methods may be used because there is no special restriction on the manufacturing and thermal molding methods when the glass is used as the glass preform.

[0057] The present invention also provides an optical element prepared from the optical glass according to the method that is well known by those skilled in the art, for example, the molten and soften optical glass is subject to pressure processing directly, in order to manufacture the optical element. Or the glass preform material prepared from the optical glass provided by the present invention is subject to pressure processing, in order to manufacture the optical element.

[0058] The present invention further provides an optical instrument prepared from the manufactured optical element. For example, various lenses such as biconvex lens, biconcave lens, planoconvex lens, planoconcave lens and convexoconcave lens, as well as reflector, prism and diffraction grating may be applied to digital camera, digital video camera, camera cell phone and other devices.

[0059] The following paragraphs will depict the compositions and properties of the fluorophosphate optical glass provided by the present invention in combination with the specific implementations, but the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.

[0060] [Optical Glass Embodiment]

[0061] The compositions of the fluorophosphate optical glass in Embodiments 1-37 and Contrast Examples 1-3 of the present invention, and the results of the refractive index (nd), Abbe number (vd), density (ρ), bubble content, thermal expansion coefficient, durability of water (D.sub.w) and crystallization resistance performance are shown in Tables 1-4, and the ingredients of all components are expressed by mol %.

TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Embodiments Component 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 P.sup.5+ 3.22 4.52 2.78 7.69 4.68 8.55 19.62 12.35 8.35 15.77 Al.sup.3+ 20.00 25.00 22.42 33.34 22.07 31.11 33.24 20.16 31.84 24.19 Ba.sup.2+ 5.03 4.03 5.23 4.15 4.29 4.35 1.28 1.46 3.68 4.23 Sr.sup.2+ 12.52 13.19 15.00 15.93 20.00 5.00 6.98 10.00 19.35 5.72 Ca.sup.2+ 35.00 34.98 34.85 27.85 34.99 33.96 15.00 29.2 29.52 30.00 Mg.sup.2+ 12.49 9.13 12.47 7.25 6.85 7.98 1.00 9.66 6.82 10.86 Y.sup.3+ 1.22 0.14 0.00 0.01 1.21 0.47 4.90 0.73 0.00 0.50 La.sup.3+ 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.99 2.11 3.50 0.00 0.00 1.21 Gd.sup.3+ 2.71 1.85 0.00 0.09 0.51 0.56 0.22 0.22 0.00 1.22 Yb.sup.3+ 0.11 0.06 0.00 0.03 0.41 0.11 0.00 0.33 0.00 0.22 Na.sup.+ 0.00 6.71 0.94 0.34 4.00 0.58 3.98 2.29 0.00 3.52 Li.sup.+ 5.96 0.30 6.14 2.25 0.00 5.00 10.00 9.13 0.44 2.21 K.sup.+ 1.69 0.09 0.17 1.02 0.00 0.22 0.28 4.47 0.00 0.35 Ba.sup.2+/Ca.sup.2+ 0.14 0.12 0.15 0.15 0.12 0.13 0.09 0.05 0.12 0.14 Ba.sup.2+/(Ca.sup.2+ + Mg.sup.2+) 0.11 0.09 0.11 0.12 0.10 0.10 0.08 0.04 0.10 0.10 O.sup.2− 9.51 14.29 15 11.58 13.39 11.00 13.00 16.23 12.24 12.15 F.sup.− 90.49 85.71 85 88.42 86.61 89.00 87.00 83.77 87.76 87.85 O.sup.2/F.sup.− 0.11 0.17 0.18 0.13 0.15 0.12 0.15 0.19 0.14 0.14 nd 1.43418 1.43284 1.42581 1.43047 1.43369 1.43247 1.44489 1.43169 1.42054 1.43397 vd 94.14 94.06 93.69 94.01 93.54 94.69 94.41 93.86 94.11 94.32 Thermal 160 158 157 148 156 148 147 158 148 150 expansion coefficient (α.sub.20° C.-120° C.) Density (ρ) 3.52 3.53 3.52 3.51 3.52 3.51 3.54 3.55 3.51 3.53 Bubble content A.sub.0 A.sub.0 A A.sub.0 A.sub.0 A.sub.0 A A A.sub.0 A.sub.0 Durability of Grade1 Grade 2 Grade 1 Grade 1 Grade 1 Grade 1 Grade 2 Grade 2 Grade 1 Grade 1 water (D.sub.w) Crystallization A A A A A A A A A A resistance performance

TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Embodiments Component 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 p.sup.5+ 15.00 20.00 19.33 7.36 2.00 3.95 10.00 5.86 2.03 15.00 Al.sup.3+ 38.98 20.75 21.33 32.59 20.82 40.00 39.11 34.2 29.05 38.98 Ba.sup.2+ 1.94 5.21 2.95 3.50 5.00 1.93 1.98 4.30 5.05 1.94 Sr.sup.2+ 7.19 5.00 5.99 16.37 7.46 12.68 24.69 15.77 11.24 7.19 Ca.sup.2+ 16.09 34.95 19.04 28.36 34.99 17.46 15.04 28.83 33.19 16.09 Mg.sup.2+ 8.16 5.12 13.12 6.12 10.00 3.98 4.76 8.15 7.69 8.16 Y.sup.3+ 3.11 2.14 0.19 1.01 0.65 0.11 1.98 0.22 1.48 3.11 La.sup.3+ 3.11 0.20 0.05 0.05 5.11 0.11 0.05 0.25 1.16 3.11 Gd.sup.3+ 1.12 3.2 0.08 1.02 2.11 4.56 0.05 0.17 0.22 1.12 Yb.sup.3+ 0.01 0.00 0.50 0.01 0.22 4.23 0.00 0.05 0.32 0.01 Na.sup.+ 1.26 1.01 8.33 1.20 6.09 1.96 0.50 0.70 2.98 1.26 Li.sup.+ 3.27 1.82 8.89 2.07 4.99 8.04 0.76 1.34 5.29 3.27 K.sup.+ 0.76 0.60 0.20 0.34 0.56 0.99 1.08 0.16 0.30 0.76 Ba.sup.2+/Ca.sup.2+ 0.12 0.15 0.15 0.12 0.14 0.11 0.13 0.15 0.15 0.12 Ba.sup.2+/(Ca.sup.2+ + Mg.sup.2+) 0.08 0.13 0.09 0.10 0.11 0.09 0.1 0.12 0.12 0.08 O.sup.2− 16.27 9.90 15.22 11.24 12.95 11.31 11.29 11.60 15.10 16.27 F.sup.− 83.73 90.10 84.78 88.76 87.05 88.69 88.71 88.40 84.90 83.73 O.sup.2−/F.sup.− 0.19 0.11 0.18 0.13 0.15 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.18 0.19 nd 1.43759 1.43586 1.42052 1.43235 1.44295 1.44521 1.43279 1.42059 1.43367 1.43759 vd 94.59 94.76 94.29 94.05 94.53 93.56 93.19 94.03 94.09 94.59 Thermal 157 149 158 149 147 149 150 148 157 157 expansion coefficient (α.sub.20° C.-120° C.) Density (ρ) 3.55 3.54 3.55 3.51 3.52 3.53 3.51 3.51 3.55 3.55 Bubble A.sub.0 A.sub.0 A A.sub.0 A.sub.0 A.sub.0 A.sub.0 A.sub.0 A A.sub.0 content Durability of Grade Grade Grade Grade Grade Grade Grade Grade Grade Grade water (D.sub.w) 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 Crystallization A A A A A A A A A A resistance performance

TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Embodiments Component 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 P.sup.5+ 3.68 4.53 6.58 5.00 11.52 10.95 8.14 12.26 17.94 8.65 Al.sup.3+ 26.75 20.03 32.44 29.86 35.00 21.16 33.62 23.00 24.59 30.00 Ba.sup.2+ 5.19 5.25 3.57 2.76 2.75 4.49 3.88 3.99 3.18 2.99 Sr.sup.2+ 6.01 16.28 18.59 22.00 13.08 5.98 17.30 11.03 8.29 7.94 Ca.sup.2+ 35.00 34.81 28.57 19.34 18.04 30.94 26.58 33.00 25.00 19.97 Mg.sup.2+ 13.21 7.19 6.58 7.14 14.75 13.07 5.82 7.15 8.94 4.94 Y.sup.3+ 5.26 1.48 0.47 1.01 0.44 0.75 1.14 1.75 1.91 5.75 La.sup.3+ 0.11 2.55 0.11 1.22 0.00 3.01 0.05 0.05 1.02 3.01 Gd.sup.3+ 0.22 1.32 0.15 1.11 0.21 0.00 0.05 0.05 1.02 1.01 Yb.sup.3+ 0.11 0.01 0.12 0.11 0.22 0.01 0.04 0.05 1.05 0.01 Na.sup.+ 3.77 5.93 0.58 5.43 0.00 6.04 0.67 0.86 2.00 9.22 Li.sup.+ 0.13 0.50 1.62 4.99 3.90 3.58 1.85 5.96 5.02 5.76 K.sup.+ 0.56 0.12 0.62 0.03 0.09 0.02 0.86 0.85 0.04 0.75 Ba.sup.2+/Ca.sup.2+ 0.15 0.15 0.13 0.14 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.12 0.13 0.15 Ba.sup.2+/(Ca.sup.2+ + Mg.sup.2+) 0.11 0.13 0.10 0.10 0.08 0.10 0.12 0.10 0.09 0.12 O.sup.2− 16.22 14.23 10.68 12.18 9.51 10.69 10.78 13.99 13.05 16.05 F.sup.− 83.78 85.77 89.32 87.82 90.49 89.31 89.22 86.01 86.95 83.95 O.sup.2−/F.sup.− 0.19 0.17 0.12 0.14 0.11 0.12 0.12 0.16 0.15 0.19 nd 1.43565 1.43696 1.43047 1.43661 1.43105 1.43369 1.43147 1.43248 1.43829 1.44547 vd 94.77 93.93 94.02 93.15 94.29 95.13 94.08 94.14 95.19 95.22 Thermal 160 152 149 148 156 149 148 153 154 157 expansion coefficient (α.sub.20° C.-120° C.) Density (ρ) 3.52 3.55 3.51 3.52 3.55 3.53 3.51 3.53 3.53 3.51 Bubble content A.sub.0 A A.sub.0 A.sub.0 A A.sub.0 A.sub.0 A.sub.0 A.sub.0 A.sub.0 Durability of Grade 1 Grade 2 Grade 1 Grade 1 Grade 2 Grade 1 Grade 1 Grade 1 Grade 1 Grade 1 water (D.sub.w) Crystallization A A A A A A A A A A resistance performance

TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 Embodiments Contrast Examples Component 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 1 2 3 P.sup.5+ 3.00 3.96 6.80 11.03 16.67 9.72 10.34 17.00 19.94 2.00 Al.sup.3+ 26.75 20.11 32.64 22.07 38.00 21.13 24.31 20.75 24.59 20.82 Ba.sup.2+ 2.17 5.00 4.35 4.13 1.76 4.09 3.01 8.21 1.18 5.00 Sr.sup.2+ 25.00 7.91 15.29 7.23 8.91 6.78 17.04 5.00 8.29 7.46 Ca.sup.2+ 18.24 35.00 29.85 32.17 16.28 31.27 30.10 34.95 25.00 34.99 Mg.sup.2+ 8.12 15.00 7.12 12.19 2.00 12.00 4.21 5.12 8.94 10.00 Y.sup.3+ 1.39 0.00 0.70 2.19 2.82 1.36 0.98 2.14 1.91 0.65 La.sup.3+ 1.21 0.22 0.05 2.22 1.22 4.32 0.88 0.20 1.02 5.11 Gd.sup.3+ 0.06 1.21 0.05 0.50 2.12 0.77 0.77 3.20 1.02 2.11 Yb.sup.3+ 0.52 0.11 0.05 0.25 0.06 0.77 0.22 0.00 1.05 0.22 Na.sup.+ 7.49 5.29 0.82 0.00 6.49 7.64 0.00 1.01 2.00 6.09 Li.sup.+ 0.84 4.5 1.43 5.99 3.07 0.00 8.01 1.82 5.02 4.99 K.sup.+ 5.21 1.69 0.85 0.03 0.60 0.15 0.13 0.60 0.04 0.56 Ba.sup.2+/Ca.sup.2+ 0.12 0.14 0.15 0.13 0.11 0.13 0.10 0.23 0.13 0.14 Ba.sup.2+/(Ca.sup.2+ + Mg.sup.2+) 0.08 0.13 0.12 0.09 0.10 0.09 0.08 0.13 0.03 0.11 O.sup.2− 15.26 14.11 12.15 12.98 16.66 13.03 10.81 9.90 13.05 20.95 F.sup.− 84.74 85.89 87.85 87.02 83.34 86.97 89.19 90.10 86.95 79.05 O.sup.2−/F.sup.− 0.18 0.16 0.14 0.15 0.20 0.15 0.12 0.11 0.15 0.27 nd 1.43769 1.43252 1.43147 1.43769 1.43891 1.43987 1.43249 1.43569 1.43445 1.44721 vd 93.13 94.87 94.02 95.01 95.69 95.12 94.49 94.01 93.99 94.22 Thermal 158 152 147 147 156 147 148 160 162 165 expansion coefficient (α.sub.20° C.-120° C.) Density (ρ) 3.55 3.55 3.51 3.54 3.54 3.55 3.55 3.59 3.56 3.55 Bubble content A.sub.0 A.sub.0 A.sub.0 A.sub.0 A.sub.0 A.sub.0 A.sub.0 C B B Durability of Grade 2 Grade 2 Grade 1 Grade 1 Grade 1 Grade 1 Grade 2 Grade 3 Grade 3 Grade 2 water (D.sub.w) Crystallization A A A A A A A B B B resistance performance

[0062] [Optical Preform Embodiment]

[0063] The optical glass obtained in Embodiments 1-37 is cut into a predetermined size, and a release agent is uniformly coated on the surface; then, a mold is heated and softened to be press-molded to produce a preform for various lenses and prisms, such as concave meniscus lens, convex meniscus lens, biconvex lens, biconcave lens, planoconvex lens and planoconcavelens. Or, the optical glass obtained in Embodiments 1-37 is used for forming a pre-molded product for precise press molding, and then precisely press-molded into lens and prism shapes through the precise press molding and processing to produce the preform. [Optical Element Embodiment]

[0064] These preforms obtained in the optical preform embodiment are annealed for fine adjustment while the distortion inside the glass is reduced, so that the optical characteristics such as the refractive index are brought to the desired values.

[0065] Then, each preform is ground and polished to form a variety of lenses and prisms such as concave meniscus lens, convex meniscus lens, biconvex lens, biconcave lens, planoconvex lens and planoconcave lens. An anti-reflection film may be coated on the surface of the obtained optical element.

[0066] [Optical Instrument Embodiment]

[0067] An optical part or an optical component is formed by the optical elements obtained in the optical element embodiment through an optical design, or through one or more optical elements. The optical part or the optical component may be used for imaging device, sensor, microscope, medical technology, digital projection, communication, optical communication technology/information transmission, optics/illumination in an automobile field, photolithography, excimer laser, wafer, computer chip and integrated circuit and electronic devices including such circuits and chips.

[0068] All above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, which do not limit the scope of the present invention. All alterations, equivalent replacements and improvements, without departing from the spirit and principle of the present invention, shall fall into the protection scope of the present invention.