Caseless ammunition for a firearm and mechanism for extracting caseless ammunition
11204225 · 2021-12-21
Inventors
- Georgii Georgiiovych Makarov (m. Kyiv, UA)
- Hlib Georgiiovych Makarov (m. Kyiv, UA)
- Kostiantyn Okrevych Trypolskyi (m. Kyiv, UA)
- Serhii Anatoliiovych Babenko (m. Dnipro, UA)
- Sergii Pavlovych Zibrov (m. Kyiv, UA)
- Oleksii Oleksandrovych Sharkov (m. Kyiv, UA)
Cpc classification
F42B5/182
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
F42B5/18
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
F41A15/16
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
International classification
F42B5/18
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
F41A15/20
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
Abstract
There is disclosed caseless ammunition, composing a shell, a propellant placed in a shell chamber, and an igniter block. The body of the shell is made with a cylindrical part, which passes into a inclined surface of the leading cylindrical part, which goes into the rear cylindrical part, wherein: the inclined surface is made at an angle to the longitudinal axis of the shell body; the leading cylindrical part is made with a wall thickness; of the leading cylindrical part is 0.122D, where D is the outer diameter of the ammunition; the rear cylindrical part is made with a smaller diameter than the diameter of the leading cylindrical part; a ledge formed between the leading cylindrical part and the rear cylindrical part; the rear cylindrical part ends with a chamfer; an inlet interior cylindrical hole made in the body of the shell, into which an ignition block is installed.
Claims
1. Caseless ammunition comprises a shell, a propellant (solid, liquid, gas) of flammable material which is placed in a chamber of the shell, and an igniter block, wherein the body of the shell is made with a cylindrical part, which passes into an inclined surface of a leading cylindrical part, which passes into a rear cylindrical part, herewith: said inclined surface is made at an angle (d27) 30°-45° to a longitudinal axis of the body of the shell; said leading cylindrical part is made with a wall thickness; the wall thickness of the leading cylindrical part is 0.122D, where D is an outside diameter of the ammunition; said rear cylindrical part is made with a smaller diameter than a diameter of the leading cylindrical part; between the leading cylindrical part and the rear cylindrical part a ledge is made; the rear cylindrical part ends with a chamfer; an inlet interior cylindrical hole is made in the body of the shell, into which the igniter block is installed.
2. Caseless ammunition according to claim 1, wherein a fore-part of the body of the shell is made as a lancet section with an acute end and the inlet interior cylindrical hole which is made in the body of the shell passes into a middle cylindrical hole which via a conical transition passes into a conical hole which passes into an ogive hole, herewith the middle cylindrical hole, a conical transition, the conical hole and the ogive hole form the chamber of the shell for the propellant.
3. Caseless ammunition according to claim 2, wherein between a primer with an anvil in the igniter block and a front acute end of the ammunition, which bears against the lancet section on an external washer-marker, a gap is made, wherein a thickness of the gap is equal to 0.05D, where D is an outside diameter of the ammunition.
4. Caseless ammunition according to claim 2, wherein between a primer with an anvil in the igniter block and a front acute end of the ammunition, which bears against the lancet section on a magnetic extraction washer-marker, a gap is made, wherein a thickness of the gap is equal to 0.05D, where D is an outside diameter of the ammunition.
5. Caseless ammunition according to claim 1, wherein a fore-part of the body of the shell is made as a truncated cone with an ogival tip and the inlet interior cylindrical hole which is made in the body of the shell, passes into a middle cylindrical hole which via a conical transition passes into a conical hole which passes into an ogive hole, herewith the middle cylindrical hole, the conical transition, the conical hole and the ogive hole form the chamber of the shell for the propellant.
6. Caseless ammunition according to claim 1, wherein a fore-part of the body of the shell is made as a lancet section with a flat end and a blind hole, into which an armor-piercing tip is installed, which is made as a cone with an acute end and a cylindrical ledge and the inlet interior cylindrical hole which is made in the body of the shell passes into a middle cylindrical hole, which via a conical transition passes into a conical hole which passes into an ogive hole, herewith the middle cylindrical hole, a transition cone, the conical hole and the ogive hole form a chamber of the shell for the propellant.
7. Caseless ammunition according to claim 1, wherein a fore-part of the body of the shell is made as a lancet section with a flat end and a blind hole and a through hole, herewith in the blind hole and the through hole an armor-piercing core tip is installed, which is made as a cylindrical head, that passing into a conical end with an acute end, on one side, and passing into a cylindrical rod on other side, and at an end of the cylindrical rod a chamfer is made and the inlet interior cylindrical hole which is made in the body of the shell passes into a middle cylindrical hole, which via a conical transition passes into a conical hole which passes into an ogive hole, herewith a middle cylindrical hole, a transition cone, the conical hole and the ogive hole the chamber of the shell for the propellant.
8. Caseless ammunition according to claim 1, wherein a fore-part of the body of the shell is made as a lancet section with an acute end and the inlet interior cylindrical hole which is made in the body of the shell passes into a middle cylindrical hole which via a conical transition passes into a conical hole which passes into an ogive hole, herewith a washer is additionally installed, a chamfer of which bears against a conical transition, herewith a middle cylindrical hole forms the chamber of the shell for the propellant and a tracer compound is placed in the ogive hole and the conical hole.
9. Caseless ammunition according to claim 1, wherein in the body of the shell in an end face of the cylindrical part is made a cylindrical ledge on which a tip is installed, which is made as a lancet section with an acute end and in an end face of the lancet section an interior entering chamfer is made, which passes into an blind cylindrical hole, herewith an middle cylindrical hole and an ogive hole form a chamber of the shell for the propellant.
10. Caseless ammunition according to claim 1, wherein in the body of the shell in an end face of the cylindrical part is made a cylindrical ledge on which a tip is installed, which is made as a truncated cone with an ogive tip and in an end face of the truncated cone an interior entering chamfer is made which passes into a blind cylindrical hole, herewith a middle cylindrical hole and the ogive hole form a chamber of the shell chamber for the propellant.
11. Caseless ammunition according to claim 1, wherein a fore-part of the shell is made as a lancet section with an acute end and the inlet interior cylindrical hole is made in the body of the shell body, passes into-the a middle cylindrical hole, which passes into a conical hole, herewith in the inlet interior cylindrical hole a training igniter block is installed.
12. Caseless ammunition according to claim 1, wherein the igniter block, comprising a body which is made as a first cylindrical section passing into a second cylindrical section, herewith: in an end face (75) of the first cylindrical section a central seed hole is made; in an end face of the second cylindrical section a blind hole is made, which passes into a smaller blind hole; in the body of said igniter block a primer of the igniter block with an anvil, an the interior washer, expanding ring and an external washer-marker which is made as a cylinder with an interior cylindrical hole are consistently installed; an interior cylindrical hole passes into a base of a conical section with a smaller diameter; on a cylinder an external chamfer is made from a side of the interior cylindrical hole.
13. Caseless ammunition according to claim 12, wherein the external washer-marker is made in different colors.
14. Caseless ammunition of claim 10, wherein the igniter block is made of flammable material.
15. Caseless ammunition according to claim 1, wherein-an the igniter block comprises a body made in a form of small a first cylindrical section which passes into a big cylindrical section, herewith: in the an end face of the first cylindrical section a central seed hole is made; in an end face of the second cylindrical section a blind hole is made, which passes into a smaller blind hole; in a body of said igniter block a primer of the igniter block with an anvil and a magnetic extraction washer-marker are consistently installed.
16. Caseless ammunition according to claim 11, wherein the magnetic extraction washer-marker is made in different colors.
17. Caseless ammunition of claim 11, wherein the igniter block is made of flammable material.
18. Caseless ammunition according to claim 1, wherein igniter block comprises a body made in a form of a first cylindrical section which passes into a big second cylindrical section herewith: in the an end face of the first cylindrical section a central seed hole is made; in an end face of the second cylindrical section a blind hole is made, which passes into a smaller blind hole; in the body of said igniter block a sterile primer and a magnetic extraction washer-marker are consistently installed.
Description
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
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(56) Designations on the figures of the drawings which have been used in the claimed invention: 1—caseless ammunition; 2—shell; 3—propellent; 4—igniter block; 5—igniter block; 6—caseless ammunition; 7—shell; 8—caseless ammunition; 9—shell; 10—caseless ammunition; 11—shell; 12—caseless ammunition; 13—shell; 14—tracer compound; 15—washer; 16—caseless ammunition; 17—shell; 18—caseless ammunition; 19—shell; 20—caseless ammunition; 21—shell; 22—training igniter block; 23—lancet section; 24—acute end; 25—cylindrical part; 26—inclined surface; 27—acute angle; d27—measure of an acute angle; 28—longitudinal axis; 29—leading cylindrical part; T29—thickness of a leading cylindrical part; 30—rear cylindrical part; 31—ledge; 32—chamfer; 33—inlet interior cylindrical hole; 34—middle cylindrical hole; 35—conical transition; 36—conical hole; 37—ogive hole; 38—shell chamber for propellent; 39—truncated cone; 40—ogive tip; 41—body; 42—armor-piercing tip; 43—body; 44—armor-piercing core tip; 45—flat end of the lancet section 23; 46—blind hole; 47—cone; 48—cylindrical ledge; 49—through hole; 50—cylindrical head; 51—conical end; 52—cylindrical rod; 53—chamfer; 54—circular plate; 55—central through hole; 56—external chamfer; 57—body; 58—tip; 59—tip; 60—end face; 61—cylindrical ledge; 62—end face; 63—interior entering chamfer; 64—blind cylindrical hole; 65—conical hole; 66—body of igniter block 4; 5; 22; 67—primer of igniter block with anvil; 68—interior washer; 69—expanding ring; 70—external washer-marker; 71—magnetic extraction washer-marker; 72—sterile capsule; 73—small cylindrical section; 74—big cylindrical section; 75—end face; 76—central seed hole; 77—blind hole; 78—smaller blind hole; 79—cylinder; 80—interior cylindrical hole; 81—conical section; 82—external chamfer; 83—gap; T83—thickness of gap 83; 84—receiver; 85—lid of receiver; 86—lock frame; 87—front ledge of lock frame; 88—bolt; 89—firing pin; 90—conical section; 91—cylindrical section; 92—inclined ledge; d92—angle of inclined ledge 92; 93—conical bushing; 94—interior ledges; 95—extractor; 96—ledge; 97—semicircular hollow; 98—upper ledge; 99—front inclined area; 100—rear inclined area; 101—fore-part; 102—rear part; 103—shaft; 104—circular groove; 105—contr-washer; 106—lower ledge; 107—front inclined area; 108—rear horizontal area; 109—upper ledge; 110—front inclined area; 111—upper horizontal area; 112—rear inclined area; 113—lower part; 114—gap; T114—thickness of gap 114; 115—gap; T115—thickness of gap 115.
(57) Shells are made of steel in the proposed invention.
FULL DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING OF INVENTION
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(75) Inclined surface 26 is made at an angle 27 to the longitudinal axis 28 of the shell 2. Acute angle 27 has measure d27 which is equal to 30°-45° to the longitudinal axis 28 of the shell body, as a result, rifling of ammunition in the weapon occurs in less vulnerable state.
(76) The thickness T29 of the leading cylindrical part 29 is 0.122D, where D—outside diameter of the ammunition, which is 1.5-2 times greater than thickness T.sub.swcb of side wall at case bottom of traditional ammunition for small arms, where (T.sub.swcb=0.052−0.078 D.sub.cb, where D.sub.cb is outer diameter at case bottom), that provides a great inertia of the shell heating. Thereby the moment of self-ignition of the shell inside the weapon is considerably delayed, wherein the shell 2 can operate in the weapon at pressures P.sub.max=620 MPa, which is two times higher than that of the traditional small arms, which makes it possible to increase the shooting energy.
(77) Between the leading cylindrical part 29 and the rear cylindrical part 30 the ledge 31 is made. Rear cylindrical part 30 ends with a chamfer 32. The inlet interior cylindrical hole 33 is made in the body of the shell 2, into which an igniter block 4 or 5 is installed; the inlet interior cylindrical hole 33 passes into the middle cylindrical hole 34 which via a conical transition 35 passes into the conical hole 36 which passes into ogive hole 37. The middle cylindrical hole 34, a conical transition 35, conical hole 36 and the ogive hole 37 form a shell chamber 38 for the propellant 38. All elements of shell 2, their shapes and interactions are shown on
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(79) Acute angle has measure d27 which is equal to 30°-45° to the longitudinal axis 28 of the shell body, as a result, rifling of ammunition in the weapon occurs in less vulnerable state.
(80) The inclined surface 26 of the leading cylindrical part 29 passes into the rear cylindrical part 30 with smaller diameter.
(81) The thickness T29 of the leading cylindrical part 29 is 0.122D, where D—outside diameter of the ammunition; which is 1.5-2 times greater than thickness T.sub.swcb of traditional ammunition for small arms, where T.sub.swcb=0.052−0.078 D.sub.cb, where D.sub.cb is outer diameter at case bottom, that provides a great inertia of the shell heating. Thereby the moment of self-ignition of the shell inside the weapon is considerably delayed, wherein the shell 7 can operate in the weapon at pressures P.sub.max=620 MPa, which is two times higher than that of the traditional small arms, which makes it possible to increase the shooting energy.
(82) Between the leading cylindrical part 29 and the rear cylindrical part 30 the ledge 31 is made. Rear cylindrical part 30 ends with a chamfer 32. The inlet interior cylindrical hole 33 is made in the body of the shell, into which an igniter block 4 or 5 is installed; the inlet interior cylindrical hole 33 passes into the middle cylindrical hole 34 which via a conical transition 35 passes into the conical hole 36 which passes into ogive hole 37, herewith the middle cylindrical hole 34, a conical transition 35, conical hole 36 and the ogive hole 37. Middle cylindrical hole 34, conical transition 35, conical hole 36 and ogive hole 37 form a shell chamber 38 for the propellant 38. All elements of shell 2, their shapes and interactions are shown on
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(88) The inclined surface 26 of the leading cylindrical part 29 passes into the rear cylindrical part 30 with smaller diameter.
(89) The thickness T29 of the leading cylindrical part 29 is 0.122D, where D—outside diameter of the ammunition; which is 1.5-2 times greater than thickness T.sub.swcb of traditional ammunition for small arms, where T.sub.swcb=0.052−0.078 D.sub.cb, where D.sub.cb is outer diameter at case bottom, that provides a great inertia of the shell heating. Thereby the moment of self-ignition of the shell inside the weapon is considerably delayed, wherein the body 41 can operate in the weapon at pressures P.sub.max=620 Mpa, which is two times higher than that of the traditional small arms, which makes it possible to increase the shooting energy.
(90) Between the leading cylindrical part 29 and the rear cylindrical part 30 the ledge 31 is made. Rear cylindrical part 30 ends with a chamfer 32. The inlet interior cylindrical hole 33 is made in the body 41, into which an igniter block 4 or 5 is installed; the inlet interior cylindrical hole 33 passes into the middle cylindrical hole 34 which via a conical transition 35 passes into the conical hole 36 which passes into ogive hole 37, herewith the middle cylindrical hole 34, a conical transition 35, conical hole 36 and the ogive hole 37. Middle cylindrical hole 34, conical transition 35, conical hole 36 and ogive hole 37 form a shell chamber 38 for the propellant 3. All elements of body 41, their shapes and interactions are shown on
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(93) The inclined surface 26 of the leading cylindrical part 29 passes into the rear cylindrical part 30 with smaller diameter. The thickness T29 of the leading cylindrical part 29 is 0.122D, where D—outside diameter of the ammunition; which is 1.5-2 times greater than thickness T.sub.swcb of side wall at case bottom of traditional ammunition for small arms, where T.sub.swcb=0.052−0.078 D.sub.cb, where D.sub.cb is outer diameter at case bottom, that provides a great inertia of the shell heating; thereby the moment of self-ignition of the shell inside the weapon is considerably delayed, wherein the body 43 can operate in the weapon at pressures P.sub.max=620 Mpa, which is two times higher than that of the traditional small arms, which makes it possible to increase the shooting energy.
(94) Between the leading cylindrical part 29 and the rear cylindrical part 30 the ledge 31 is made. Rear cylindrical part 30 ends with a chamfer 32. The inlet interior cylindrical hole 33 is made in the body 43, into which an igniter block 4 or 5 is installed; the inlet interior cylindrical hole 33 passes into the middle cylindrical hole 34 which via a conical transition 35 passes into the conical hole 36 which passes into ogive hole 37, herewith the middle cylindrical hole 34, a conical transition 35, conical hole 36 and the ogive hole 37. Middle cylindrical hole 34, conical transition 35, conical hole 36 and ogive hole 37 form a shell chamber 38 for the propellant 3. All elements of body 43, their shapes and interactions are shown on
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(97) The inclined surface 26 of the leading cylindrical part 29 passes into the rear cylindrical part 30 with smaller diameter.
(98) The thickness T29 of the leading cylindrical part 29 is 0.122D, where D—outside diameter of the ammunition; which is 1.5-2 times greater than thickness T.sub.swcb of side wall at case bottom of traditional ammunition for small arms, where T.sub.swcb=0.052−0.078 D, where D.sub.cb is outer diameter at case bottom, that provides a great inertia of the shell heating. Thereby the moment of self-ignition of the shell inside the weapon is considerably delayed, wherein the shell 13 can operate in the weapon at pressures P.sub.max=620 Mpa, which is two times higher than that of the traditional small arms, which makes it possible to increase the shooting energy.
(99) Between the leading cylindrical part 29 and the rear cylindrical part 30 the ledge 31 is made. Rear cylindrical part 30 ends with a chamfer 32.
(100) The inlet interior cylindrical hole 33 which is made in the shell body 13 passes into the middle cylindrical hole 34 which via a conical transition 35 passes into the conical hole 36 which passes into an ogive hole 37, herewith washer 15 is additionally installed in ammunition, a chamfer 56 of which bears against a conical transition 35, herewith the middle cylindrical hole 34 forms chamber 38 for the propellant 3. The tracer compound 14 is placed in the ogive hole 37 and the conical hole 36. The propellant 3 occupies the middle cylindrical hole 34. Washer 15 bears against conical transition 35 by the chamfer 59 which separates the propellant 3 and the tracer compound 14, thereby it doesn't allow tracer compound to burn out during initial stage of ignition. During ignition burning propellant 3 passes through the central through hole 55 under high pressure and ignites the tracer compound 14. Burnout velocity of tracer compound 14 depends on the size of the central through hole 55. All elements of ammunition 12, their shape and interactions are shown on
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(106) The thickness T29 of the leading cylindrical part 29 is 0.122D, where D—outside diameter of the ammunition; which is 1.5-2 times greater than thickness T.sub.swcb of side wall at case bottom of traditional ammunition for small arms, where T.sub.swcb=0.052−0.078 D.sub.cb, where D.sub.cb is outer diameter at case bottom, that provides a great inertia of the shell heating; thereby the moment of self-ignition of the shell inside the weapon is considerably delayed, wherein the body 57 can operate in the weapon at pressures P.sub.max=620 Mpa, which is two times higher than that of the traditional small arms, which makes it possible to increase the shooting energy.
(107) Between the leading cylindrical part 29 and the rear cylindrical part 30 the ledge 31 is made. Rear cylindrical part 30 ends with a chamfer 32. The inlet interior cylindrical hole 33 is made in the body 57, for an igniter block 4 or 5, which passes into the middle cylindrical hole 34 and ogive hole 37. Middle cylindrical hole 34 and ogive hole 37 form a shell chamber for the propellant 38. All elements of body 57, their shapes and interactions are shown on
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(111) The inlet interior cylindrical hole 33 is made in the shell 21 for training igniter block 22, which passes into middle cylindrical hole 34, which passes into a conical hole 65, wherein the volume of the middle cylindrical hole 34 and the conical hole 65 is selected so that the total mass of the shell 21 is equal to the weight of caseless ammunition 1 or 6 or 8 or 10 or 12 or 16 or 18 and the training igniter block 22 is installed in the inlet interior cylindrical hole 33. All elements of shell 21, their shapes and interactions are shown on
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(125) During the mechanism work in semi-automatic or automatic mode the lower part 113 of the front ledge 87 of the lock frame 86 only reaches the front inclined area 99 of the extractor 95, thanks to that the extractor 95 does not work during the shooting. Extractor 95 works in extraction of ammunition only during manual reloading what improve the reliability of weapon work in general and the extraction in particular. The reliability of extraction is achieved as expanding ring 69 or magnetic extraction washer-maker 71 take part in extraction once during the ejection of the training ammunition 20 or once during the ejection of the ammunition 1 or 6 or 8 or 10 or 12 or 18, in which the misfire has occurred, and are very simple in construction. The expanding ring 69 can make up to one million opening-closing cycles until failure in operation occurs, the magnetic extraction washer-marker 71 will have been demagnetized during 15 years no more than 5% of the initial magnetization.
(126) In order to make a shot with the help of the claimed caseless ammunition, it is necessary to have a caseless weapon, which must have at least such mechanisms as: rifled barrel with cartridge chamber, barrel box, bolt with obturator, firing mechanism with striker, hammer in cocked position, firing spring, trigger, spring-loaded sear.
(127) Shot is made with the help of claimed caseless ammunition in such way: ammunition is inserted into cartridge chamber of caseless weapon and is locked by bolt with obturator, where the problem of gas obturation in the bolt is solved. When the trigger is pressed, the spring-loaded sear comes out of engagement with the cocked position of the hammer and the hammer vigorously rotates under the action of the firing spring and strikes the striker. Striker fires primer of igniter block in caseles ammunition by its pan, propellant ignites, gases of high temperature and pressure are formed during the ignition of propellant and igniter block, they force shell to fly out of the barrel, rifling, geting axial rotation of the shell which is needed for stabilization of shell flight. There is combustible washer-marker in front of the primer of igniter block and when the washer is being burnt, the released gases pushes the standard primer of igniter block out after the shell. Depending on the purpose, changing the shell, it is possible to achieve a wide variety of tasks in shooting; claimed for invention ammunition can be armor-piercing, tracing, training, etc. If the igniter block is non-combustible, a mechanism of the ejecting of the igniter block is necessary in the weapon.