Striking tool and rotor fitted therewith for a machine for crushing metal objects or stone materials

Abstract

A striking tool for crushing metal or stone materials, where the striking tool is manufactured from an iron-based material and includes a bearing section, into which a bearing opening is formed around a pivot axis and includes a striking section which is exposed to a striking load by contact with the material to be crushed, and a rotor equipped therewith for a machine to crush metal or stone materials. The striking tool improves with the ability of its bearing section to absorb the dynamic loads acting on the striking tool. The bearing opening has a support section, on whose inner circumferential surface the striking tool is mounted for its swing movement around the pivot axis and has an extension section, which is connected to the support section and the bearing opening is extended in the direction of the striking section with respect to the support section.

Claims

1. A striking tool for crushing metal objects or stone materials, comprising: a bearing section, into which a bearing opening is formed for the freely swinging mounting of the striking tool around a pivot axis; a striking section, which during use is exposed to a striking load by contact with the material to be crushed, and wherein the striking tool and the bearing opening have a support section, on whose inner circumferential surface the striking tool is mounted to swing around the pivot axis and have an extension section which is connected to the support section and by means of which the bearing opening is extended in the direction of the striking section with respect to the support section, wherein the extension section comprises at least two lower sections spaced apart in the circumferential direction of the bearing opening, which each extend in the direction of the striking section of the striking tool and in that adjacent lower sections each delimit between them a further support section of the striking tool which supports the striking tool during use on a side of the bearing opening assigned to the striking section for its swing movement and wherein the striking tool is manufactured from an iron-based material.

2. The striking tool according to claim 1, wherein the inner circumferential surface of the support section of the bearing opening has a shape of a cylindrical shell and in that a lateral boundary inner surfaces of the extension section are connected tangentially to a longitudinal edge, which is respectively assigned to the bearing opening, of the inner circumferential surface of the support section.

3. The striking tool according to claim 2, wherein, viewed in a section transverse to the pivot axis of the striking tool, the support section spans an angular range of at least 180° around the pivot axis.

4. The striking tool according to claim 3, wherein a main surface of the extension section opposite the support section in the direction of the striking section is curved in the manner of a cylindrical shell.

5. The striking tool according to claim 3, wherein the main inner surface of the extension section is in each case connected tangentially to the lateral boundary inner surfaces of the extension section.

6. The striking tool according to claim 4, wherein when viewed in a sectional plane aligned normal to the pivot axis of the striking tool, a radius of the main inner surface of the extension section is smaller than a radius of the inner circumferential surface of the support section.

7. The striking tool according to claim 4, wherein when viewed in a sectional plane aligned normal to the pivot axis of the striking tool, the radius of the main inner surface of the extension section is the same as a radius of the support section.

8. The striking tool according to claim 4, wherein when viewed in a sectional plane aligned normal to the pivot axis of the striking tool, the linear distance of a plurality of middle points of the curvature of the inner circumferential surface of the support section and of the main inner surface of the extension section is at least 10 mm.

9. The striking tool according to claim 4, wherein when viewed in a sectional plane aligned normal to the pivot axis of the striking tool, the middle points of the curvature of the inner circumferential surface of the support section and of the main inner surface of the extension section are located at a distance from one another together on a central middle axis of the striking tool aligned transverse to the longitudinal axis of the bearing opening.

10. The striking tool according to claim 1, wherein the striking tool consists of an iron or steel cast material.

11. A rotor for a machine for crushing metal objects or stone materials, comprising at least one metallic shaft, on which at least one striking tool formed according to claim 1 is mounted with the bearing open.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) The invention is explained in more detail in the following with reference to a drawing representing an exemplary embodiment. The figures show schematically and not to scale:

(2) FIG. 1 a first striking tool in perspective view;

(3) FIG. 2 a second striking tool in perspective view;

(4) FIG. 3 a third striking tool in perspective view;

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

(5) The striking tools 1, 1′, 1″ represented in FIGS. 1 to 3 serve as striking hammers for crushing metal scrap, such as vehicle bodies, mineral raw materials or mineral waste such as construction debris, overburden or the like.

(6) To this end, the striking tools 1, 1′, 1″ are mounted on a conventional rotor not shown here in the manner so as to swing on a shaft of the rotor also not shown here. The manner of the swinging mounting of a striking tool, which belongs to the same generic group as a striking tool according to the invention, is for example described in EP 1 047 499 B1.

(7) In order to fulfil its purpose, the striking tool 1, 1′, 1″ cast in a conventional manner in one piece for example from a Hadfield steel has a striking section 2, 2′, 2″ hardened by a suitable heat treatment in a manner also known per se, which comes into contact with the material to be crushed during practical use and as a result is exposed to extreme striking loads, and has a bearing section 3, 3′, 3″, which is heat treated in a similarly known manner such that it has a sufficient toughness and elongation properties, by means of which it is capable of absorbing the dynamic loads acting on the striking tool 1, 1′, 1″ during use.

(8) A centrally arranged bearing opening 4, 4′, 4″ is formed into the bearing section 3, 3′, 3″ of the striking tools 1, 1′, 1″ which extends between the front ends 5, 5′, 5″; 6, 6′, 6″ of the striking tool 1, 1′, 1″ over its width B. The central longitudinal axis L of the bearing opening 4, 4′, 4″ defines the swing axis around which the striking tool 1, 1′, 1″ swings during use around the shaft of the rotor generally also consisting of a steel material. In this case, there is metallic frictional contact between the shaft of the rotor and the striking tool 1, 1′, 1″.

(9) In the case of the striking tool 1 represented in FIG. 1, the bearing opening 4 has on its side remote from the striking section 2 a support section 7 with an inner circumferential surface 8 curved uniformly in the manner of a cylindrical shell, which extends over the width B of the striking tool 1 and in this case spans an angular range ß of roughly 215°.

(10) The bearing opening 4 is extended by an extension section 9 in the direction of the striking section 2. The flatly-designed lateral boundary inner surfaces 10, 11 of the extension section 9 are connected tangentially to the respectively assigned longitudinal edge of the inner circumferential surface 8 of the support section 7 and run in the direction of the striking section 2 towards one another until they meet the longitudinal edges, which are respectively assigned to them, of the main surface 12 of the extension section 9 assigned to the striking section 2 and also formed in the manner of a cylindrical shell. The main surface 12 also extends over the width B of the striking tool 1 and in this case spans an angular range ß′ of approx. 145°. The radius R′ of the curvature of the main surface 12 corresponds roughly to ¾ of the radius R of the curvature of the inner circumferential surface 8 of the support section 7, with the middle point M, M′ of the curvatures of inner circumferential surface 8 and main surface 12 being located on a central middle axis X of the striking tool 1 aligned transverse to the longitudinal axis L of the bearing opening 4.

(11) As illustrated in FIG. 1 by dashed lines, this forming of the bearing opening 4 is in particular advantageous when the striking tool 1 is constricted in the transition region between its bearing section 3 and its striking section 2. The lateral boundary inner surfaces 10, 11 can be formed such that they are aligned substantially parallel to the outer profile of the material of the bearing section 3 surrounding the bearing opening 4 and thus during use an optimal balance of the dynamic loads occurring in the bearing section 3 and the associated elongation is achieved.

(12) In the case of the striking tool 1′ represented in FIG. 2, the bearing opening 4′ also has on its side remote from the striking section 2′ a support section 7′ with an inner circumferential surface 8′ curved uniformly in the manner of a cylindrical shell, which extends over the width B of the striking tool. In this case, the inner circumferential surface 8′ spans an angular range of 180°.

(13) The bearing opening 4′ is extended by an extension section 9′ in the direction of the striking section 2′. The flat lateral boundary inner surfaces 10′, 11′ of the extension section 9′ are aligned parallel to one another and are accordingly connected tangentially to the respectively assigned longitudinal edge of the inner circumferential surface 8′ of the support section T and extend in the direction of the striking section 2′ to the longitudinal edges, which are respectively assigned to them, of the main surface 12′ of the extension section 9′ assigned to the striking section 2′ and also formed in the manner of a cylindrical shell. The main surface 12′ also extends over the width B of the striking tool 1′ and in this case spans an angular range ß′ of similarly 180°. The radius of the curvature of the main surface 12′ is the same as the radius of the curvature of the inner circumferential surface 8′ of the support section 7′. In this case, the middle points of the curvatures of the inner circumferential surface 8′ and the main surface 12′ are at a distance Y to the central middle axis X. Corresponding to this distance, the striking tool 1′ can be moved on the shaft, on which it is mounted in a swinging manner during use, additionally along the middle axis X in order to for example avoid trapped material.

(14) In the case of the striking tool 1″ represented in FIG. 3, the bearing opening 4″ in turn has on its side remote from the striking section 2″ a support section 7″ with an inner circumferential surface 8″ curved uniformly in the manner of a cylindrical shell, which extends over the width B of the striking tool 1″ and in this case, like the inner circumferential surface 8 in the striking tool 1, spans an angular range ß of roughly 215°.

(15) The bearing opening 4″ is extended by an extension section 9″ in the direction of the striking section 2″. The flatly-designed lateral boundary inner surfaces 10″, 11″ of the extension section 9″ are connected tangentially to the respectively assigned longitudinal edge of the inner circumferential surface 8″ of the support section 7″ and run, similarly to the striking tool 1, in the direction of the striking section 2″ towards one another until they meet the longitudinal edges, which are respectively assigned to them, of the main surfaces 12a″, 12b″ of lower sections 13a″, 13b″ of the extension section 9″ respectively assigned to the striking section 2″ and also formed in the manner of a cylindrical shell. The main surfaces 12a″, 12b″ also each extend over the width B of the striking tool 1 and span an angular range ß′ of approx. 145°. The radius R′ of the curvature of the main surfaces 12a″, 12b″ corresponds roughly to 40% of the radius R of the curvature of the inner circumferential surface 8 of the support section 7.

(16) The lower sections 13a″, 13b″ of the extension section 9″ are aligned spaced in the circumferential direction and symmetrically to the central middle axis X. In this case, their main surface 12a″, 12b″ on their longitudinal edge facing away from the respectively assigned boundary inner surface 10″, 11″ merges in each case into a flat boundary surface 14a″, 14b″. Proceeding from the main surface 12a″, 12b″ assigned to it in each case, the boundary surfaces run towards one another until they meet the upper support surface 15″ of a support section 16″ separating the lower sections 13a″ 13b″ from one another.

(17) The support surface 15″ is also curved in the manner of a cylindrical shell and extends over the width B of the striking tool 1″. In this case, the support surface 15″ is located on the cylindrical surface illustrated in FIG. 3 by dashed lines, on which the inner circumferential surface 8″ of the support section 7″ of the bearing opening 4″ is also located. In this way, the support section 16″ with its support surface 15″ also supports the striking tool 1″ during use on the side of the bearing opening 4″ assigned to the striking section 2″ against the shaft on which the striking tool 1″ is mounted in a swinging manner. At the same time, the lower sections 13a″, 13b″ separate the support section 16″ from the material surrounding the bearing opening 4″ such that, in spite of the presence of the additional support section 16″, the same positive effects in regards to the durability and increase in useful life occur, as in the case of the configurations of the striking tools 1, 1′, 1″ represented in FIGS. 1 and 2.

(18) As illustrated in FIG. 3 by dashed lines, this forming of the bearing opening 4 is in particular advantageous when the striking tool 1 is constricted in the transition region between its bearing section 3 and its striking section 2. The lateral boundary inner surfaces 10, 11 can be formed such that they are aligned substantially parallel to the outer profile of the material of the bearing section 3 surrounding the bearing opening 4 and thus during use an optimal balance of the dynamic loads occurring in the bearing section 3 and the associated elongation is achieved.

REFERENCE NUMERALS

(19) 1,1′,1″ striking tools 2,2′,2″ striking sections of the striking tools 1,1′,1″ 3,3′,3″ bearing sections 4,4′,4″ bearing openings 5,5′,5″ first front ends of the striking tools 1,1′,1″ 6,6′,6″ second front ends of the striking tools 1,1′,1″ 7,7′,7″ support sections of the bearing openings 4,4′4″ 8,8′,8″ inner circumferential surfaces of the support sections 7,7′,7″ 9,9′,9″ extension sections 10,10′,10″ boundary inner surfaces of the extension sections 9,9′,9″ 11,11′,11″ boundary inner surfaces of the extension sections 9,9′,9″ 12,12′ main surfaces of the extension sections 9,9′,9″ 12a″,12b″ main surfaces of the lower sections 13a″,13b″ 13a″,13b″ lower sections 14a″,14b″ boundary surfaces 15″ support surface of the support section 16″ 16″ additional support section ß,ß′ angular ranges B width of the striking tools 1,1′,1″ L longitudinal axis of the bearing openings 4,4′,4″ M,M′ middle points of the curvature of the inner circumferential surfaces 8,8′,8″ R,R′ radii of curvature X middle axis X of the striking tools 1,1′,1″ Y distance