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Fastening and Alignment Member

20210381227 ยท 2021-12-09

    Inventors

    Cpc classification

    International classification

    Abstract

    A connection between a connector, a fastener and one or more structural members is disclosed. The connector can be formed with a fastening and alignment member. The fastening and alignment member includes a projecting member and a protruding member in close proximity to a predetermined location for the fastener.

    Claims

    1-18. (canceled)

    19. A connection between a structural member, a joist a hanger connector and one or more fasteners, the connection comprising: a. the structural member, having an attachment face; b. the joist disposed closely adjacent to or in contact with the attachment face of the structural member; c. the one or more fasteners connecting the hanger connector to the structural member and the joist; and d. the connector, the connector having a first side flange, the first side flange disposed in close proximity to the joist, the first side flange having a substantially triangular-shaped gusset portion that is substantially planar, a substantially planar front upstanding flange portion, and a substantially planar rear upstanding flange portion, and the triangular-shaped gusset portion having a seat side edge, and wherein the substantially planar front and rear upstanding flange portions of the first side flange each attach to a different side edge of the triangular-shaped gusset portion that is not the seat side edge, and the substantially planar front and rear upstanding flange portions of the first side flange attach together along a common flange portion side edge, and wherein the substantially planar rear upstanding flange portion connects to a back flange along a shared side edge between the back flange and the substantially planar rear upstanding flange portion, and the back flange interfaces with the structural member and is attached to the structural member by one or more fasteners.

    20. The connection of claim 19, wherein: a. the connector has a seat that interfaces with the joist and that connects to the first side flange and to a second side flange, the first and second side flanges extending upwardly from the seat; b. the second side flange being disposed in close proximity to the joist, the second side flange having a substantially triangular-shaped gusset portion that is substantially planar, a substantially planar front upstanding flange portion, and a substantially planar rear upstanding flange portion, and the triangular-shaped gusset portion having a seat side edge, and wherein the substantially planar front and rear upstanding flange portions of the second side flange each attach to a different side edge of the triangular-shaped gusset portion that is not the seat side edge, and the substantially planar front and rear upstanding flange portions of the second side flange attaches together along a common flange portion side edge, and wherein the substantially planar rear upstanding flange portion connects to a back flange along a shared side edge between the back flange and the substantially planar rear upstanding flange portion, and the back flange interfaces with the structural member and is attached to the structural member by one or more fasteners; c. each triangular-shaped gusset portion of the first and second side flanges is attached to the seat at the seat side edge; d. and wherein the triangular-shaped gusset portions of the first and second side flanges are set at a non-orthogonal angle to the seat and extend upwardly and away from the seat.

    21. (canceled)

    22. The connection of claim 19, wherein: a. the seat side edge is set at a non-orthogonal angle to the back flange; b. the front upstanding flange portion is set at a non-orthogonal angle to the back flange and to the attachment face of the structural member, such that a fastener driven orthogonally to front upstanding side flange portion enters the joist at a non-orthogonal angle.

    23. The connection of claim 22, wherein: the rear upstanding flange portion is set at an orthogonal angle to the back flange.

    24. The connection of claim 19, wherein: a. one of the one or more fasteners having an elongated shaft, a portion of the elongated shaft being received by the structural member and entering the structural member through the attachment face, the fastener also being received by the connector; and b. the back flange being a planar member having a planar front surface disposed away from the attachment face of the structural member and a planar back surface disposed facing the attachment face of the structural member, the back flange also having a predetermined location for the fastener, the fastener being received by the back flange at the predetermined location or adjacent thereto; the back flange having a deformed portion adjacent the predetermined location for the fastener, the deformed portion including a projecting member that projects rearwardly towards the attachment face of the structural member, the projecting member having a sloping surface that descends toward the predetermined location, the projecting member descends from an upper portion of the deformed portion, the projecting member projecting closer to the attachment face of the structural member than the planar back surface of the connector when the planar attachment face of the structural member and the planar back surface of the back flange of the connector are parallel, the upper portion being adjacent to the projecting member and radially farther away from the predetermined location for the one of the one or more fasteners than the projecting member, adjacent to the upper portion is a protruding member that projects rearwardly towards the attachment face of the structural member, the protruding member being disposed closer to the attachment face of the structural member than the upper portion of the deformed portion, the protruding member being disposed closer to the attachment face of the structural member than the planar back surface of the back flange when the planar attachment face of the structural member and the planar back surface of the back flange of the connector are parallel, adjacent to the protruding member is a second upper portion, the second upper portion being radially farther away from the predetermined location for the fastener than the protruding member, the protruding member being disposed closer to the attachment face of the structural member than the second upper portion when the planar attachment face of the structural member and the planar back surface of the back flange of the connector are parallel, and wherein c. the one of the one or more fasteners has a head that has portions that flare outwardly from the shaft and engage the sloped surface of the projecting member.

    25. The connection of claim 24, wherein: the projecting member surrounds the predetermined location for the one of the one or more fasteners.

    26. The connection of claim 24, wherein: a portion of the projecting member is embedded in the structural member.

    27. The connection of claim 24, wherein: the predetermined location for the fastener is an opening in the back member and the opening has a rim which is disposed closer to the attachment face of the structural member than the upper portion when the planar attachment face of the structural member and the planar back surface of the body portion of the connector are parallel.

    28. The connection of claim 24, wherein: the sloping surface is a single annular surface making a conical frustum.

    29. The connection of claim 24, wherein: the protruding member and the projecting member are arranged in a concentric manner around the predetermined location for the fastener.

    30. The connection of claim 24, wherein: the projecting member sloping surface descends to the predetermined location for the fastener.

    31. The connection of claim 24, wherein: the projecting member and the protruding member lift the back flange of the connector off of the attachment face of the structural member.

    32. The connection of claim 24, wherein: the protruding member has a receiving surface facing away from the attachment face of the structural member and facing in the same direction as the front surface of the body portion and the protruding member is made with hatchings to roughen the receiving surface of the protruding member.

    Description

    DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

    [0029] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a connection made according to the present invention. The connector is formed with fastening and alignment members of the present invention. The connector is a hanger shown joining a joist to a header.

    [0030] FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a portion of a connector formed with a fastening and alignment member of the present invention.

    [0031] FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a connector formed with a fastening and alignment member of the present invention, and of a nail gun received by the fastening and alignment member and ready to drive a nail through an opening in the connector for the fastener.

    [0032] FIG. 4 is a top view of a portion of a connector formed with fastening and alignment members.

    [0033] FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a connector formed with a fastening and alignment member of the present invention, and of a nail gun in contact with the fastening and alignment member and ready to drive a nail through an opening in the connector for the fastener.

    [0034] FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a connection made according to the present invention. The connector is formed with fastening and alignment members of the present invention. The connector is shown joining a joist to a header.

    [0035] FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a connection made according to the present invention. The connector is formed with fastening and alignment members of the present invention. The connector is a holdown shown joining a stud to a sill plate and a foundation.

    [0036] FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a connection made according to the present invention. The connector is formed with fastening and alignment members of the present invention. The connector is a holdown shown joining a stud to a sill plate and a foundation.

    [0037] FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a connection made according to the present invention. The connector is formed with fastening and alignment members of the present invention. The connector is a strap shown joining a pair of studs across a rim joist between two levels of a building.

    [0038] FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of a connector formed with a fastening and alignment member of the present invention, and of a nail gun in contact with the fastening and alignment member and ready to drive a nail through an opening in the connector for the fastener.

    [0039] FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of a connector formed with a fastening and alignment member of the present invention, and of a nail gun aligned with the fastening and alignment member and ready to drive a nail through an opening in the connector for the fastener.

    [0040] FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view of a connector formed with a fastening and alignment member of the present invention, and of a nail gun received by the fastening and alignment member and ready to drive a nail through an opening in the connector for the fastener. FIG. 12 is similar to FIG. 3, except the tip of the nail is shown already received by the opening in the fastener.

    [0041] FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view of a connector formed with a fastening and alignment member of the present invention, and of a nail gun that is aligned with the fastening and alignment member and ready to drive a nail through an opening in the connector for the fastener. The sloping surface of the fastening and alignment member will help guide the nail to the opening.

    [0042] FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view of a connector formed with a fastening and alignment member of the present invention, and of a nail gun received by the fastening and alignment member and ready to drive a nail through an opening in the connector for the fastener.

    [0043] FIG. 15 is a perspective view of a portion of a connector formed with a fastening and alignment member of the present invention.

    [0044] FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view of a connector formed with a fastening and alignment member of the present invention. The structural member is also shown in cross-section and a nail is received by the connector and the structural member.

    [0045] FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional view of a connector formed with a fastening and alignment member of the present invention. The structural member is also shown in cross-section and a nail is received by the connector and the structural member. The nail shown in FIG. 17 has been under-driven.

    [0046] FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional view of a connector formed with a fastening and alignment member of the present invention. The structural member is also shown in cross-section and a nail is received by the connector and the structural member. The nail shown in FIG. 18 has been under-driven, and the connector is shown flexing under load and making contact with the head of the fastener.

    [0047] FIG. 19 is a cross-sectional view of a connector formed with a fastening and alignment member of the present invention. The structural member is also shown in cross-section and a nail is received by the connector and the structural member. A portion of the projecting member is shown embedded in the structural member.

    [0048] FIG. 20 is a connection made according to the present invention, wherein a connector is shown joining a joist to a header. The connector is formed with fastening and alignment members of the present invention.

    [0049] FIG. 21 is front view of the connector of FIG. 20.

    [0050] FIG. 22 is a right side view of the connector of FIG. 20. The left side view is identical.

    [0051] FIG. 23 is a top view of the connection of FIG. 20. The embedded portions of the fasteners and a portion of the seat of the connector are shown in dotted lines.

    [0052] FIG. 24 is a view of the blank of the connector of FIG. 20.

    [0053] FIG. 25 is a perspective view of a connection made according to the present invention. The connector is formed with fastening and alignment members of the present invention. The connector is a strap shown joining a sill plate to a stud.

    [0054] FIG. 26 is a perspective view of a connection made according to the present invention. The connector is formed with fastening and alignment members of the present invention. The connector is a strap shown joining a rafter to a rim board in a wall.

    DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

    [0055] As shown in FIG. 1, the present invention provides a connection between a connector 1, a fastener 2 and a structural member 3. As shown in FIG. 1, structural member 3 is a supporting member such as a header 3 for a joist 4. The connector 1 is formed with fastening and alignment members 5 where the connector receives the fasteners 2 that are driven through the connector 1 and into the structural member 3. Additional fasteners 6 are shown attaching the connector 1 to the joist 4.

    [0056] As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the fastening and alignment member 5 is formed as a pair of concentrically disposed upper portions 7 and 8 separated by a groove, trough or recess 9, surrounding an opening 10 in the connector 1. The innermost upper portion 7 is preferably formed as a ring. The outer upper portion 8 is the front surface 11 of the connector 1. The sloping surface 12 that makes up part of the fastening and alignment member 5 descends from the upper portion 7 of the ring to the rim 13 of the opening 10 in the connector 1. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the sloping surface 12 is located on the periphery of or adjacent to the opening 10.

    [0057] As shown in FIG. 2, the recess or trough 9 is shown with hatchings to roughen the receiving surface 14 of the trough.

    [0058] As shown in FIG. 2, the sloping surface or surfaces 12 descend from one or more upper portions 7 adjacent to the sloping surfaces 12. The upper portions 7 are located radially farther away from the opening 10 or predetermined location for the fastener 2. Preferably, the upper portions 7 are arranged in concentric manner around the fastener opening 10 or predetermined location for the fastener. As shown in FIG. 2, the sloping surface 12 is a single annular surface making a conical frustum.

    [0059] As shown in FIG. 2, the one or more upper portions 7 can be surrounded by a groove 9. The one or more upper portions 7 can partially or fully circumscribe the predetermined position for the fastener 2. Preferably, the fastening and alignment member 5 is formed with the upper portion 7 as a ring.

    [0060] As shown in FIG. 3, the sloping surface 12 is part of a projecting member 15 that protrudes below the back face 16 of the connector 1. The projecting member 15 is adjacent to the opening 10 and preferably surrounds the entire periphery of the opening 10. Preferably, the projecting member 15 is concentric with the opening 10. Preferably, the rim 13 of the opening 10 is depressed with respect to the front surface 11 of the radially outlying portions of the connector 1 around the opening 10 or predetermined location for the fastener 2. In certain embodiments, the projecting member 15 protrudes towards the attachment face or attachment surface 17 of the structural member 3, but not far enough to enter the structural member 3 as is shown in FIG. 3.

    [0061] As shown in FIG. 3, the fastening and alignment member 5 is formed as a upper ring 7 separated by a trough or groove or other recess 9 from the surrounding material of the connector. The upper portion of the outer side wall 18 of the trough 9 that rises to the front surface 11 of the connector 1 disposed radially outward from the annular trough or recess 9 constitutes the outer upper portion 8 of the fastening and alignment member 5. The groove or recess 9 between the upper portions 7 and 8 is part of a protruding member 19 having a back surface 20, as shown in FIG. 19, that projects farther away from the front surface 11 of the connector 1 than the back surfaces 16 of the connector 1 that are disposed radially outward and farther away from the opening 10 than the trough 9. Preferably, the trough 9 is part of the protruding member 19 that protrudes below the back face 16 of the connector 1. The protruding member 19 protrudes towards and makes contact with the attachment face 17 of the structural member 3. The back surface 20 of the protruding member 19 can extend as far toward the attachment face 17 of the structural member 3 as the projecting member 15. Preferably, the projecting member 15 extends farthest away from the front surface 11 of the connector 1 than the back surface 20 of the protruding member 19 and the back surface 16 of the portions of the connector 1 disposed radially outward from the recess or trough 9 surrounding the opening 10.

    [0062] As shown in FIG. 3, the body portion 21 of the connector 1 is preferably formed as a planar member with planar front and back surfaces 11 and 16 and the fastening and alignment member 5 is a deformed portion or deformation in the body portion 21 of the connector 1 that creates depressions in the planar front surface 11 and protrusions or projections extending out of the planar back surface 16 of the connector 1. The result, in certain arrangements as shown in FIG. 3, is that the fastening an alignment member 5 lifts the body portion 21 of the connector 1 off of the attachment face 17 of the structural member 3.

    [0063] As shown in FIGS. 16, 17 and 19, in the present invention the structural member 3 has a generally planar attachment face 17, the fastener has an elongated shaft 33, a portion of the elongated shaft 33 being received by the structural member 3 and entering the structural member 3 through the attachment face 17. The fastener is also received by the connector 1. The connector 1 has a body portion 21, the body portion 21 being a generally planar member having a generally planar front surface 11 disposed away from the attachment face 17 of the structural member 3 and a generally planar back surface 16 disposed facing the attachment face 17 of the structural member 3. The body portion also has a predetermined location 10 for the fastener 2, the fastener 2 being received by the body portion 21 at the predetermined location 10 or adjacent thereto. The body portion 21 has a deformed portion adjacent the predetermined location 10 for the fastener 2. The deformed portion includes a projecting member 15 that projects rearwardly towards the attachment face 17 of the structural member 3. The projecting member 15 has a sloping surface 12 that descends toward the predetermined location 10. The projecting member 15 descends from an upper portion 7 of the deformed portion, with the projecting member 15 projecting closer to the attachment face 17 of the structural member 3 than the generally planar back surface 16 of the connector 1 when the planar attachment face 17 of the structural member 3 and the generally planar back surface 16 of the body portion 21 of the connector 1 are substantially parallel. The upper portion 7 is adjacent to the projecting member 15 and radially farther away from the predetermined location 10 for the fastener 2 than the projecting member 15. Adjacent to the upper portion 7 is a protruding member 19 that projects rearwardly towards the attachment face 17 of the structural member 3, with the protruding member 19 being disposed closer to the attachment face 17 of the structural member 3 than the upper portion 7 of the deformed portion, and the protruding member 19 is disposed closer to the attachment face 17 of the structural member 3 than the generally planar back surface 16 of the body portion 21 when the planar attachment face 17 of the structural member 3 and the generally planar back surface 16 of the body portion 21 of the connector 1 are substantially parallel. Adjacent to the protruding member 19 is a second upper portion 8, the second upper portion 8 is radially farther away from the predetermined location 10 for the fastener 2 than the protruding member 19, the protruding member 19 being disposed closer to the attachment face 17 of the structural member 3 than the second upper portion 8 when the planar attachment face 17 of the structural member 3 and the generally planar back surface 16 of the body portion 21 of the connector 1 are substantially parallel.

    [0064] As is also shown in FIG. 16, the protruding member 16 that projects rearwardly towards the attachment face 17 of the structural member 1has a flat surface facing the attachment face 17 f the structural member 3.

    [0065] FIG. 3 shows the cylindrical nose 22 of a power fastener tool 23 received in the recess or trough 9 of the fastening and alignment member 5 and between the inner upper portion 7 and the outer upper portion 8 of the fastening and alignment member 5.

    [0066] FIG. 4 shows a pair of fastening and alignment members 5 in the body portion of a connector 1.

    [0067] FIG. 5 shows the cylindrical nose 22 of a power fastener tool 23 engaging the inner upper portion 7 of the fastening and alignment member 5.

    [0068] FIG. 6 is similar to FIG. 1, except that it shows fastening and alignment members in the body portions 21 of the connector that will receive fasteners 2 that are driven into the joist 4.

    [0069] FIG. 7 shows a holdown connector 1 where fastening and alignment members 5 are formed in the back member 24 for attaching the holdown connector 1 to a upright stud 25. The holdown has a seat 26 receiving an anchor 27 embedded in a concrete member 28. The back 24 s connected to the seat by means of side flanges 29.

    [0070] FIG. 8 shows a strap holdown connector 1 where fastening and alignment members 5 are formed in the strap member 30 for attaching the strap holdown connector 1 to a upright stud 25. The strap holdown has an anchor portion 31 embedded in a concrete member 28.

    [0071] FIG. 9 shows a strap connector 1 where fastening and alignment members 5 are formed in the strap connection for attaching the strap connector 1 to uprights studs 25 above and below a floor 32 in the wall 48 of a building.

    [0072] FIG. 10 shows the cylindrical nose 22 of a power fastener tool 23 received on the sloping surface 12 of the projecting member 15 of the fastening and alignment member 5.

    [0073] FIG. 11 shows the cylindrical nose 22 of a power fastener tool 23 disposed above the fastening and alignment member 5 with the fastener 2 received in the opening 10.

    [0074] FIG. 12 shows the cylindrical nose 22 of a power fastener tool 23 received in the recess or trough 9 of the fastening and alignment member 5 and between the inner upper portion 7 and the outer upper portion 8 of the fastening and alignment member 5.

    [0075] FIG. 13 shows the cylindrical nose 22 of a power fastener tool 23 disposed above the fastening and alignment member 5 with the fastener 2 received on the sloping surface 12 of the projecting member 15. The sloping surface 12 will help guide the fastener into the opening 10.

    [0076] FIG. 14 shows the projecting finger guide 32 of a power fastener tool 23 received in the opening 10 in the fastening and alignment member 5 with the fastener 2 aligned with the opening 10. As shown in FIGS. 13 and 14, the projecting member 15 projects below the back face 16 of the connector 1, such that it is embedded in the material of the support member 3.

    [0077] As shown in FIG. 15, the sloping surface or surfaces 12 descend from one or more upper portions 7 adjacent to the sloping surfaces 12. The sloping surfaces 12 are a plurality of valleys or grooves descending towards the opening 10.

    [0078] FIG. 16 shows a fastener 2, in a particular a nail, embedded in the structural member 3. The fastener 2 has a shaft 33 and a head 34 that has portions that flare outwardly from the shaft 33. The nail 2 has been driven with sufficient force that the flaring portions of the head 34 engage the sloped surfaces 12 of the fastening and alignment member 5.

    [0079] FIG. 17 shows a nail embedded in the structural member 3. The nail 2 has been driven with insufficient force such that the flaring portions of the head 34 do not engage the sloped surfaces 12 of the fastening and alignment member 5.

    [0080] FIG. 18 shows a nail embedded in the structural member 3. As in FIG. 17, the nail 2 has been driven with insufficient force. The connector 1 is shown under forces that want to lift up one side of the connector 1 around the opening. As the connector lifts, the head 34 engages the sloped surface 12 of the fastening and alignment member 5. A similar under-driven nail used with a connector that did not have the fastening and alignment member 5 of the present invention would not engage the connector 1 as quickly as does the fastener 2 used with the present invention.

    [0081] FIG. 19 shows a nail 2 embedded in the structural member 3. The projecting member 15 of the fastening and alignment member 5 is embedded in the structural member 3. The protruding member 19 engages, and is in registration with the attachment face 17 of the structural member 3. The bottom surface 20 of the protruding member 19 is flat and distributes the compression load imposed by the nail head 34 engaging the fastening and alignment member 5 over a large surface area.

    [0082] FIG. 20 shows a connection between a structural member 3, a joist 4 and a hanger connector 1. The connector 1 is formed with fastening and alignment members 5 on its back flange 35 and its side flanges 36.

    [0083] FIG. 21 shows the hanger connector 1 having a seat 37 connecting the side flanges 36. The side flanges 36 extend upwardly from the seat 37. The side flanges 36 consist of three substantially planar portions: a substantially triangular gusset portion 38 and a front upstanding flange portion 39 and a rear upstanding flange portion 40. The triangular gusset portion 8 has a seat side edge 41 where it connects to the seat. Preferably this seat side edge 41 is set at a non-orthogonal angle to the back flanges 35. The triangular gusset portion 38 is set at a non-orthogonal angle to the seat 37, extending upwardly and away from the seat 37, rather than upwardly and over the seat 37. The front and rear upstanding flange portions 39 and 40 each attach to one of the other side edges 42 of the substantially triangular gusset portion 38, and attach to each other along a common side edge 43. The front upstanding flange portion 39 is set at a non-orthogonal angle to the back flanges 35 and the attachment face 17 of the structural member 3. This allows a fastener 2 to be driven orthogonally to front upstanding side flange portion 39 and enter the joist 4 at a non-orthogonal angle. Preferably, the rear upstanding flange portion 40 is set at an orthogonal angle to the back flanges 35. The rear upstanding flange portion 40 connects to the back flange 35 along a shared side edge 44.

    [0084] FIG. 22 also shows the hanger connector 1. This side view provides a view of the protruding member 19 and the projecting member 15 extending from the back surface 16 of the body 21, in this case the back flange 35 of the hanger connector 1. The fastening and alignment members 5 can be disclosed close enough together, as on the front flange portions 39 of the side flanges 36, that the inner upper portion 7 for one opening 10 can serve as the outer upper portion 8 for an adjacent opening 10.

    [0085] FIG. 23 also shows the hanger connector 1. The top view shows the fasteners 2 received through fastening and alignment members 5 in the side flanges 36. The fasteners are driven at a non-orthogonal angle to both the joist 4 and the structural member or header 4. The fasteners 2 received by the side flanges 36 enter the joist 4 and extend through the joist 4 to be embedded in the structural member 3 creating a strong connection. Fasteners 2 are also shown received by fastening and alignment members 5 in the back flanges 35 of the hanger connector 1. The projecting members 15 of the fastening and alignment members 5 in the back flanges 35 are embedded in the structural member 3. The protruding members of the fastening and alignment members 5 interface with the attachment face of the structural member 3.

    [0086] The connector can be formed such that it has a first side flange 36, and the first side flange 36 is disposed in close proximity to the joist 4. The first side flange 36 has a substantially triangular-shaped gusset portion 38 that is substantially planar, a substantially planar front upstanding flange portion 39, and a substantially planar rear upstanding flange portion 40, and the triangular-shaped gusset portion 38 has a seat side edge 41. The substantially planar front and rear upstanding flange portions 39 and 40 of the first side flange 36 each attach to a different side edge 42 of the triangular-shaped gusset portion 38 that is not the seat side edge 41. The substantially planar front and rear upstanding flange portions 39 and 40 of the first side flange 36 attach together along a common flange portion side edge 43. The substantially planar rear upstanding flange portion 40 connects to a back flange 35 along a shared side edge 44 between the back flange 35 and the substantially planar rear upstanding flange portion 40. The back flange 35 interfaces with the structural member 3 and is attached to the structural member 3 by one or more fasteners 2.

    [0087] FIG. 24 shows a blank 45 that can be folded to become the hanger connector 1 shown in FIGS. 20 through 23. The bend lines are shown as dotted lines, and the dotted lines show where the fastening and alignment members 5 will be formed. Preferably, the connector 1 is made from sheet steel, and the fastening and alignment members 5 are preferably made by cold-forming operations using a punch and die.

    [0088] FIG. 25 shows a tie connector 1 where fastening and alignment members 5 are formed in angled portions for attaching the tie connector 1 to an upright stud 25 above and a mudsill 46.

    [0089] FIG. 26 shows a rafter tie 1 where fastening and alignment members 5 are formed in the attachment members to attach the rafter tie to a structural member 3 and a roof member 47.