Magazine Base Plate Assembly

Abstract

A magazine base plate assembly including a base plate having a base plate passage defined therein and a base plate aperture formed therethrough; a base plate insert adapted to be slidably positioned within at least a portion of the base plate passage and repeatably slidable between a retracted position and an extended position within the base plate passage, wherein the base plate insert aperture extends through a portion of the base plate insert; and an insert release button, wherein a portion of the insert release button is positioned through the base plate insert aperture and wherein the insert release button is repeatably slidable between an engaged position and a disengaged position, wherein in the retracted position and the engaged position at least a portion of the insert release button extends through the base plate insert aperture and into at least a portion of the base plate aperture.

Claims

1. A magazine assembly, comprising: a magazine body having a magazine top end and a magazine bottom end and a magazine cavity extending from said magazine top end to said magazine bottom end; a base plate releasably attached or coupled to said magazine bottom end of said magazine body, wherein said base plate includes a base plate body having a base plate front wall, a base plate rear wall, and base plate opposing side walls, wherein said base plate includes a base plate passage defined by base plate opposing interior side walls, a base plate interior front wall, and a base plate interior rear wall, and wherein a base plate aperture is formed through said base plate body, from said base plate passage through said base plate front wall; a base plate insert, wherein said base plate insert includes a base plate insert front wall, a base plate insert rear wall, and base plate insert opposing side walls, wherein said base plate insert is slidably positioned within at least a portion of said base plate passage and is repeatably slidable between a retracted position and an extended position within at least a portion of said base plate passage, wherein an internal insert chamber is formed within a portion of said base plate insert, which extends from a base plate insert lower end, toward a base plate insert upper end, wherein a base plate insert aperture is formed through said base plate insert, wherein said base plate insert aperture extends from said internal insert chamber through said base plate insert front wall, and wherein in said retracted position said base plate insert aperture is aligned with at least a portion of said base plate aperture; and an insert release button, wherein said insert release button extends from an insert release button first end, along a first portion, to an extension portion and from said extension portion, along a second portion, to an insert release button second end, wherein said insert release button is positioned at least partially within said internal insert chamber such that at least a portion of said first portion is positioned through said base plate insert aperture and wherein said insert release button is repeatably slidable between an engaged position and a disengaged position, wherein if said base plate insert is in said retracted position and said insert release button is in said engaged position, at least a portion of said first portion of said insert release button extends through said base plate insert aperture and into at least a portion of said base plate aperture.

2. The magazine assembly of claim 1, wherein said first portion of said insert release button is a substantially cylindrical first portion and wherein said second portion of said insert release button is a substantially cylindrical second portion.

3. The magazine assembly of claim 1, wherein in said disengaged position, at least a portion of said first portion of said insert release button is withdrawn from said base plate aperture and said base plate insert is slidable toward said extended position.

4. The magazine assembly of claim 1, wherein a first shoulder extends from an exterior surface of said first portion of said insert release button to an exterior surface of said extension portion and wherein a second shoulder extends from said exterior surface of said extension portion of said insert release button to an exterior surface of said second portion.

5. The magazine assembly of claim 1, wherein said insert release button is biased to said engaged position.

6. The magazine assembly of claim 1, wherein said insert release button is biased to said engaged position via an insert release button biasing element, wherein a first end portion of said insert release button biasing element is fitted about at least a portion of a spring catch projection formed within a portion of said internal insert chamber and a second end portion of said insert release button biasing element is fitted about at least a portion of said second portion of said insert release button.

7. The magazine assembly of claim 1, wherein an inwardly extending side wall projection extends from each of said base plate opposing interior side walls, into at least a portion of said base plate passage, wherein an inwardly extending rear wall projection extends from said base plate interior rear wall, into at least a portion of said base plate passage, wherein a sidewall recess is formed in each of said opposing base plate insert side walls, wherein each sidewall recess extends from at least a portion of an insert lower end of said base plate insert, toward an insert upper end of said base plate insert, wherein a base plate insert rear wall recess is formed in said base plate insert rear wall, wherein said base plate insert rear wall recess extends from at least a portion of said insert lower end of said base plate insert, toward said insert upper end of said base plate insert, wherein each inwardly extending side wall projection is alignable within at least a portion of a respective sidewall recess, and wherein said inwardly extending rear wall projection is alignable within at least a portion of said base plate insert rear wall recess.

8. The magazine assembly of claim 7, wherein interaction between each inwardly extending side wall projection and a portion of a respective sidewall recess and/or interaction between said inwardly extending rear wall projection and a portion of said base plate insert rear wall recess limits slidable movement of said base plate insert within said base plate passage of said base plate body.

9. The magazine assembly of claim 1, further comprising a magazine spring having a spring top end and a spring bottom end, wherein said magazine spring is positioned within said magazine cavity, and wherein said magazine spring contacts at least a portion of a magazine follower at said spring top end.

10. The magazine assembly of claim 1, wherein a degree of tension provided by said magazine spring is reduced when said base plate insert is in said extended position.

11. A magazine base plate assembly, comprising: a base plate, wherein said base plate includes a base plate body having a base plate front wall, a base plate rear wall, and base plate opposing side walls, wherein said base plate includes a base plate passage defined by base plate opposing interior side walls, a base plate interior front wall, and a base plate interior rear wall, and wherein a base plate aperture is formed through said base plate body, from said base plate passage through said base plate front wall; a base plate insert, wherein said base plate insert includes a base plate insert front wall, a base plate insert rear wall, and base plate insert opposing side walls, wherein said base plate insert is slidably positioned within at least a portion of said base plate passage and is repeatably slidable between a retracted position and an extended position within at least a portion of said base plate passage, wherein an internal insert chamber is formed within a portion of said base plate insert, which extends from a base plate insert lower end, toward a base plate insert upper end, wherein a base plate insert aperture is formed through said base plate insert, wherein said base plate insert aperture extends from said internal insert chamber through said base plate insert front wall, and wherein in said retracted position said base plate insert aperture is aligned with at least a portion of said base plate aperture; and an insert release button, wherein said insert release button extends from an insert release button first end, along a first portion, to an extension portion and from said extension portion, along a second portion, to an insert release button second end, wherein said insert release button is positioned at least partially within said internal insert chamber such that at least a portion of said first portion is positioned through said base plate insert aperture and wherein said insert release button is repeatably slidable between an engaged position and a disengaged position, wherein if said base plate insert is in said retracted position and said insert release button is in said engaged position, at least a portion of said first portion of said insert release button extends through said base plate insert aperture and into at least a portion of said base plate aperture.

12. The magazine assembly of claim 11, wherein in said disengaged position, at least a portion of said first portion of said insert release button is withdrawn from said base plate aperture and said base plate insert is slidable toward said extended position.

13. The magazine assembly of claim 11, wherein a first shoulder extends from an exterior surface of said first portion of said insert release button to an exterior surface of said extension portion and wherein a second shoulder extends from said exterior surface of said extension portion of said insert release button to an exterior surface of said second portion.

14. The magazine assembly of claim 11, wherein said insert release button is biased to said engaged position.

15. The magazine assembly of claim 11, wherein said insert release button is biased to said engaged position via an insert release button biasing element, wherein a first end portion of said insert release button biasing element is fitted about at least a portion of a spring catch projection formed within a portion of said internal insert chamber and a second end portion of said insert release button biasing element is fitted about at least a portion of said second portion of said insert release button.

16. The magazine assembly of claim 11, wherein an inwardly extending side wall projection extends from each of said base plate opposing interior side walls, into at least a portion of said base plate passage, wherein an inwardly extending rear wall projection extends from said base plate interior rear wall, into at least a portion of said base plate passage, wherein a sidewall recess is formed in each of said opposing base plate insert side walls, wherein each sidewall recess extends from at least a portion of an insert lower end of said base plate insert, toward an insert upper end of said base plate insert, wherein a base plate insert rear wall recess is formed in said base plate insert rear wall, wherein said base plate insert rear wall recess extends from at least a portion of said insert lower end of said base plate insert, toward said insert upper end of said base plate insert, wherein each inwardly extending side wall projection is alignable within at least a portion of a respective sidewall recess, and wherein said inwardly extending rear wall projection is alignable within at least a portion of said base plate insert rear wall recess.

17. The magazine assembly of claim 17, wherein interaction between each inwardly extending side wall projection and a portion of a respective sidewall recess and/or interaction between said inwardly extending rear wall projection and a portion of said base plate insert rear wall recess limits slidable movement of said base plate insert within said base plate passage of said base plate body.

18. A magazine base plate assembly, comprising: a base plate, wherein said base plate includes a base plate passage defined within a portion of said base plate, and wherein a base plate aperture is formed through said base plate, from said base plate passage through a base plate front wall of said base plate; a base plate insert, wherein said base plate insert is slidably positioned within at least a portion of said base plate passage and is repeatably slidable between a retracted position and an extended position within at least a portion of said base plate passage, wherein an internal insert chamber is formed within a portion of said base plate insert, wherein a base plate insert aperture is formed through said base plate insert, wherein said base plate insert aperture extends from said internal insert chamber through a base plate insert front wall of said base plate insert, and wherein in said retracted position said base plate insert aperture is aligned with at least a portion of said base plate aperture; and an insert release button, wherein a portion of said insert release button is positioned at least partially within said internal insert chamber such that at least a portion of said insert release button is positioned through said base plate insert aperture and wherein said insert release button is repeatably slidable between an engaged position and a disengaged position, wherein if said base plate insert is in said retracted position and said insert release button is in said engaged position, at least a portion of said insert release button extends through said base plate insert aperture and into at least a portion of said base plate aperture.

19. The magazine assembly of claim 18, wherein in said disengaged position, at least a portion of said first portion of said insert release button is withdrawn from said base plate aperture and said base plate insert is slidable toward said extended position.

20. The magazine assembly of claim 18, wherein said insert release button is biased to said engaged position.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS

[0066] As required, detailed exemplary embodiments of the presently disclosed systems, methods, and/or apparatuses are disclosed herein; however, it is to be understood that the disclosed embodiments are merely exemplary of the presently disclosed systems, methods, and/or apparatuses that may be embodied in various and alternative forms, within the scope of the presently disclosed systems, methods, and/or apparatuses. The figures are not necessarily to scale; some features may be exaggerated or minimized to illustrate details of particular components. Therefore, specific structural and functional details disclosed herein are not to be interpreted as limiting, but merely as a basis for the claims and as a representative basis for teaching one skilled in the art to employ the presently disclosed systems, methods, and/or apparatuses.

[0067] The exemplary embodiments of the presently disclosed systems, methods, and/or apparatuses will be described in detail, with reference to the following figures, wherein like reference numerals refer to like parts throughout the several views, and wherein:

[0068] FIG. 1 illustrates a right side view of an exemplary embodiment of a magazine base plate assembly attached or coupled to a magazine body, wherein the base plate insert is in a retracted position, according to the presently disclosed systems, methods, and/or apparatuses;

[0069] FIG. 2 illustrates a right side view of an exemplary embodiment of a magazine base plate assembly attached or coupled to a magazine body, wherein the base plate insert is in an extended position, according to the presently disclosed systems, methods, and/or apparatuses;

[0070] FIG. 3 illustrates a right side, cross-sectional view of an exemplary embodiment of a magazine base plate assembly attached or coupled to a magazine body, wherein the base plate insert is in a retracted position, according to the presently disclosed systems, methods, and/or apparatuses;

[0071] FIG. 4 illustrates a right side, cross-sectional view of an exemplary embodiment of a magazine base plate assembly attached or coupled to a magazine body, wherein the base plate insert is in an extended position, according to the presently disclosed systems, methods, and/or apparatuses;

[0072] FIG. 5 illustrates an upper, front, perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of a base plate, according to the presently disclosed systems, methods, and/or apparatuses;

[0073] FIG. 6 illustrates an upper, rear, perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of a base plate, according to the presently disclosed systems, methods, and/or apparatuses;

[0074] FIG. 7 illustrates a lower, side, perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of a base plate, according to the presently disclosed systems, methods, and/or apparatuses;

[0075] FIG. 8 illustrates a left side view of an exemplary embodiment of a base plate, according to the presently disclosed systems, methods, and/or apparatuses;

[0076] FIG. 9 illustrates a right side view of an exemplary embodiment of a base plate, according to the presently disclosed systems, methods, and/or apparatuses;

[0077] FIG. 10 illustrates a front view of an exemplary embodiment of a base plate, according to the presently disclosed systems, methods, and/or apparatuses;

[0078] FIG. 11 illustrates a rear view of an exemplary embodiment of a base plate, according to the presently disclosed systems, methods, and/or apparatuses;

[0079] FIG. 12 illustrates a top view of an exemplary embodiment of a base plate, according to the presently disclosed systems, methods, and/or apparatuses;

[0080] FIG. 13 illustrates a bottom view of an exemplary embodiment of a base plate, according to the presently disclosed systems, methods, and/or apparatuses;

[0081] FIG. 14 illustrates an upper, front, perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of a base plate insert, according to the presently disclosed systems, methods, and/or apparatuses;

[0082] FIG. 15 illustrates an upper, side, perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of a base plate insert, according to the presently disclosed systems, methods, and/or apparatuses;

[0083] FIG. 16 illustrates a lower, side, perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of a base plate insert, according to the presently disclosed systems, methods, and/or apparatuses;

[0084] FIG. 17 illustrates a left side view of an exemplary embodiment of a base plate insert, according to the presently disclosed systems, methods, and/or apparatuses;

[0085] FIG. 18 illustrates a right side view of an exemplary embodiment of a base plate insert, according to the presently disclosed systems, methods, and/or apparatuses;

[0086] FIG. 19 illustrates a front view of an exemplary embodiment of a base plate insert, according to the presently disclosed systems, methods, and/or apparatuses;

[0087] FIG. 20 illustrates a rear view of an exemplary embodiment of a base plate insert, according to the presently disclosed systems, methods, and/or apparatuses;

[0088] FIG. 21 illustrates a top view of an exemplary embodiment of a base plate insert, according to the presently disclosed systems, methods, and/or apparatuses;

[0089] FIG. 22 illustrates a bottom view of an exemplary embodiment of a base plate insert, according to the presently disclosed systems, methods, and/or apparatuses;

[0090] FIG. 23 illustrates a right side view of an exemplary embodiment of a base plate aligned with an exemplary embodiment of a base plate insert, according to the presently disclosed systems, methods, and/or apparatuses;

[0091] FIG. 24 illustrates a right side view of an exemplary embodiment of a base plate inserted within an exemplary embodiment of a base plate insert, wherein the base plate insert is in a retracted position according to the presently disclosed systems, methods, and/or apparatuses;

[0092] FIG. 25 illustrates a right side view of an exemplary embodiment of a base plate inserted within an exemplary embodiment of a base plate insert, wherein the base plate insert is in an extended position according to the presently disclosed systems, methods, and/or apparatuses;

[0093] FIG. 26 illustrates a right side, cross-sectional view of an exemplary embodiment of a base plate aligned with an exemplary embodiment of a base plate insert, according to the presently disclosed systems, methods, and/or apparatuses;

[0094] FIG. 27 illustrates a right side, cross-sectional view of an exemplary embodiment of a base plate inserted within an exemplary embodiment of a base plate insert, wherein the base plate insert is in a retracted position according to the presently disclosed systems, methods, and/or apparatuses;

[0095] FIG. 28 illustrates a right side, cross-sectional view of an exemplary embodiment of a base plate inserted within an exemplary embodiment of a base plate insert, wherein the base plate insert is in an extended position according to the presently disclosed systems, methods, and/or apparatuses;

[0096] FIG. 29 illustrates a rear, cross-sectional view of an exemplary embodiment of a base plate inserted within an exemplary embodiment of a base plate insert, wherein the base plate insert is in a retracted position according to the presently disclosed systems, methods, and/or apparatuses;

[0097] FIG. 30 illustrates a rear, cross-sectional view of an exemplary embodiment of a base plate inserted within an exemplary embodiment of a base plate insert, wherein the base plate insert is urged toward an extended position according to the presently disclosed systems, methods, and/or apparatuses;

[0098] FIG. 31 illustrates a right side view of an exemplary embodiment of a magazine base plate assembly attached or coupled to a magazine body, wherein the base plate insert is in a retracted position, according to the presently disclosed systems, methods, and/or apparatuses;

[0099] FIG. 32 illustrates a right side view of an exemplary embodiment of a magazine base plate assembly attached or coupled to a magazine body, wherein the base plate insert is in an extended position, according to the presently disclosed systems, methods, and/or apparatuses;

[0100] FIG. 33 illustrates an upper, rear, perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of a base plate, according to the presently disclosed systems, methods, and/or apparatuses;

[0101] FIG. 34 illustrates a lower, front, perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of a base plate, according to the presently disclosed systems, methods, and/or apparatuses;

[0102] FIG. 35 illustrates a right side view of an exemplary embodiment of a base plate, according to the presently disclosed systems, methods, and/or apparatuses;

[0103] FIG. 36 illustrates a left side view of an exemplary embodiment of a base plate, according to the presently disclosed systems, methods, and/or apparatuses;

[0104] FIG. 37 illustrates a front view of an exemplary embodiment of a base plate, according to the presently disclosed systems, methods, and/or apparatuses;

[0105] FIG. 38 illustrates a rear view of an exemplary embodiment of a base plate, according to the presently disclosed systems, methods, and/or apparatuses;

[0106] FIG. 39 illustrates a top view of an exemplary embodiment of a base plate, according to the presently disclosed systems, methods, and/or apparatuses;

[0107] FIG. 40 illustrates a bottom view of an exemplary embodiment of a base plate, according to the presently disclosed systems, methods, and/or apparatuses;

[0108] FIG. 41 illustrates an upper, front, perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of a base plate insert, according to the presently disclosed systems, methods, and/or apparatuses;

[0109] FIG. 42 illustrates a lower, front, perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of a base plate insert, according to the presently disclosed systems, methods, and/or apparatuses;

[0110] FIG. 43 illustrates an upper, rear, cross-sectional, perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of a base plate insert, according to the presently disclosed systems, methods, and/or apparatuses;

[0111] FIG. 44 illustrates a lower, front, cross-sectional, perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of a base plate insert, according to the presently disclosed systems, methods, and/or apparatuses;

[0112] FIG. 45 illustrates a right side view of an exemplary embodiment of a base plate insert, according to the presently disclosed systems, methods, and/or apparatuses;

[0113] FIG. 46 illustrates a left side view of an exemplary embodiment of a base plate insert, according to the presently disclosed systems, methods, and/or apparatuses;

[0114] FIG. 47 illustrates a front view of an exemplary embodiment of a base plate insert, according to the presently disclosed systems, methods, and/or apparatuses;

[0115] FIG. 48 illustrates a rear view of an exemplary embodiment of a base plate insert, according to the presently disclosed systems, methods, and/or apparatuses;

[0116] FIG. 49 illustrates a top view of an exemplary embodiment of a base plate insert, according to the presently disclosed systems, methods, and/or apparatuses;

[0117] FIG. 50 illustrates a bottom view of an exemplary embodiment of a base plate insert, according to the presently disclosed systems, methods, and/or apparatuses;

[0118] FIG. 51 illustrates an upper, rear, perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of an insert release button, according to the presently disclosed systems, methods, and/or apparatuses;

[0119] FIG. 52 illustrates an upper, front, perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of an insert release button, according to the presently disclosed systems, methods, and/or apparatuses;

[0120] FIG. 53 illustrates a side view of an exemplary embodiment of an insert release button, according to the presently disclosed systems, methods, and/or apparatuses;

[0121] FIG. 54 illustrates a left side, cross-sectional view of an exemplary embodiment of a base plate inserted within an exemplary embodiment of a base plate insert, wherein the base plate insert is in a retracted position and the insert release button is in an engaged position according to the presently disclosed systems, methods, and/or apparatuses;

[0122] FIG. 55 illustrates a left side, cross-sectional view of an exemplary embodiment of a base plate inserted within an exemplary embodiment of a base plate insert, wherein the base plate insert is in a retracted position and the insert release button is in a disengaged position according to the presently disclosed systems, methods, and/or apparatuses;

[0123] FIG. 56 illustrates a left side, cross-sectional view of an exemplary embodiment of a base plate inserted within an exemplary embodiment of a base plate insert, wherein the base plate insert is in an extended position according to the presently disclosed systems, methods, and/or apparatuses;

[0124] FIG. 57 illustrates a left side view of an exemplary embodiment of a base plate inserted within an exemplary embodiment of a base plate insert, wherein the base plate insert is in an extended position according to the presently disclosed systems, methods, and/or apparatuses;

[0125] FIG. 58 illustrates a front, cross-sectional view of an exemplary embodiment of a base plate inserted within an exemplary embodiment of a base plate insert, wherein the base plate insert is in a retracted position according to the presently disclosed systems, methods, and/or apparatuses; and

[0126] FIG. 59 illustrates a front, cross-sectional view of an exemplary embodiment of a base plate inserted within an exemplary embodiment of a base plate insert, wherein the base plate insert is in an extended position according to the presently disclosed systems, methods, and/or apparatuses.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS OF THE PRESENT DISCLOSURE

[0127] For simplicity and clarification, the design factors and operating principles of the magazine base plate assembly according to the presently disclosed systems, methods, and/or apparatuses are explained with reference to various exemplary embodiments of a magazine base plate assembly according to the presently disclosed systems, methods, and/or apparatuses. The basic explanation of the design factors and operating principles of the magazine base plate assembly is applicable for the understanding, design, and operation of the magazine base plate assembly of the presently disclosed systems, methods, and/or apparatuses. It should be appreciated that the magazine base plate assembly can be adapted to many applications where a magazine can be used.

[0128] As used herein, the word “may” is meant to convey a permissive sense (i.e., meaning “having the potential to”), rather than a mandatory sense (i.e., meaning “must”). Unless stated otherwise, terms such as “first” and “second” are used to arbitrarily distinguish between the exemplary embodiments and/or elements such terms describe. Thus, these terms are not necessarily intended to indicate temporal or other prioritization of such exemplary embodiments and/or elements.

[0129] The term “coupled”, as used herein, is defined as connected, although not necessarily directly, and not necessarily mechanically. The terms “a” and “an” are defined as one or more unless stated otherwise.

[0130] Throughout this application, the terms “comprise” (and any form of comprise, such as “comprises” and “comprising”), “have” (and any form of have, such as “has” and “having”), “include”, (and any form of include, such as “includes” and “including”) and “contain” (and any form of contain, such as “contains” and “containing”) are used as open-ended linking verbs. It will be understood that these terms are meant to imply the inclusion of a stated element, integer, step, or group of elements, integers, or steps, but not the exclusion of any other element, integer, step, or group of elements, integers, or steps. As a result, a system, method, or apparatus that “comprises”, “has”, “includes”, or “contains” one or more elements possesses those one or more elements but is not limited to possessing only those one or more elements. Similarly, a method or process that “comprises”, “has”, “includes” or “contains” one or more operations possesses those one or more operations but is not limited to possessing only those one or more operations.

[0131] It should also be appreciated that the terms “magazine”, “magazine body”, “base plate”, “base plate insert”, and “magazine assembly” are used for a basic explanation and understanding of the operation of the systems, methods, and apparatuses of the present disclosure. Therefore, the terms “magazine”, “magazine body”, “base plate”, “base plate insert”, and “magazine assembly” are not to be construed as limiting the systems, methods, and apparatuses of the present disclosure.

[0132] Furthermore, it should be appreciated that, for simplicity and clarification, the embodiments of the present disclosure will be described with reference to a magazine base plate assembly pistol-type magazine. However, it should be appreciated that the operating principles of the disclosed magazine base plate assembly may also be employed to construct magazine base plate assembly rifle magazines, shotgun magazines, or other magazines for any real, replica, training, or toy semiautomatic-type handgun, rifle, shotgun, and/or less than lethal product.

[0133] Turning now to the appended drawing figures, FIGS. 1-30 illustrate certain elements, components, and/or aspects of a magazine base plate assembly 100, while FIGS. 31-32 illustrate certain elements, components, and/or aspects of a magazine base plate assembly 100′, according to the present disclosure. FIGS. 33-59 illustrate an additional exemplary embodiment of a magazine base plate assembly 200. It should be appreciated that, by way of illustration and not limitation, the magazine base plate assembly 100 and the magazine base plate assembly 200 are illustrated as being adapted to be utilized in conjunction with a semiautomatic-type handgun magazine, while the magazine base plate assembly 100′ is illustrated as being adapted to be utilized in conjunction with an AR-15 or M-4-type magazine. However, the magazine base plate assembly 100, the magazine base plate assembly 200, and the magazine base plate assembly 100′ of the present disclosure are not so limited.

[0134] In illustrative, non-limiting embodiment(s) of the presently disclosed systems, methods, and/or apparatuses, as illustrated in FIGS. 1-30, the illustrated, exemplary magazine base plate assembly 100 includes at least some of a base plate 110 and a base plate insert 120. FIGS. 1-4, illustrate different views of a cartridge or round magazine assembly 10. As illustrated, the magazine assembly 10 is intended for a pistol, such as a semi-automatic type pistol. However, the magazine assembly 10 can be modified and adapted for use with any magazine-loading firearm, including pistols, rifles, shotguns, or other magazines for any real, replica, training, or toy semiautomatic-type handgun, rifle, shotgun, and/or less than lethal product.

[0135] The magazine assembly 10 includes a magazine body 13 having a magazine top end 11 and a magazine bottom end 12. The magazine body 13 has a magazine cavity 15 formed therein, extending from the magazine top end 11 to the magazine bottom end 12 for receiving a magazine spring 20. A magazine follower 30 is positioned within the magazine cavity 15, so as to be slidable within the magazine cavity 15. A spring top end 21 of the magazine spring 20 contacts and urges the magazine follower 30 toward the magazine top end 11 of the magazine body 13. The magazine follower 30 is spring biased toward the magazine top end 11, so as to contact and urge at least one cartridge (not shown), placed within the magazine cavity 15, toward the magazine feed lips proximate the magazine top end 11 of the magazine body 13. The spring bottom end 22 of the magazine spring 20 is urged against a magazine insert or magazine lock plate 40, which is positioned within the magazine cavity 15, proximate the magazine bottom end 12.

[0136] The magazine body 13 also includes a protruding edge 14 extending around at least a portion of the magazine bottom end 12. The protruding edge 14 is utilized to allow a magazine base plate to be attached or coupled to the magazine bottom end 12.

[0137] It should also be appreciated that a more detailed explanation of the specific components of the magazine assembly 10, instructions regarding how to install the magazine follower 30, magazine spring 20, and magazine lock plate 40 within the magazine cavity 15, methods for using the magazine assembly 10, once assembled, and certain other items and/or techniques necessary for the implementation and/or operation of the various exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are not provided herein because such background information will be known to one of ordinary skill in the art. Therefore, it is believed that the level of description provided herein is sufficient to enable one of ordinary skill in the art to understand and practice the systems, methods, and apparatuses of the presentation, as described.

[0138] As illustrated, the base plate 110 is removably attached or coupled to the magazine bottom end 12, via interaction between the protruding edge 14 of the magazine body 13 and the magazine attachment channels 118 formed within each of the opposing interior side walls 116 of the base plate 110. The base plate body 113 of the base plate 110 is preferably designed to slidably engage the magazine body 13 at the magazine bottom end 12 by engaging the protruding edge 14 of the magazine body 13 with the magazine attachment channels 118 positioned on the opposing interior side walls 116 at the base plate upper end 111 of the base plate body 113. In this manner, the base plate 110 is attached or coupled to the magazine bottom end 12 in a manner similar to the attachment of a standard base plate to the magazine bottom end 12.

[0139] As illustrated in greater detail in FIGS. 5-30, the base plate 110 comprises at least some of a base plate body 113 extending from a base plate upper end 111 to a base plate lower end 112 and having an exterior wall 114. The base plate body 113 further includes opposing interior side walls 116 at least partially defining a base plate passage 115. The base plate passage 115 extends through the base plate 110 from the base plate upper end 111 through the base plate lower end 112. Inwardly extending projections 144 extend, proximate the base plate lower end 112, into at least a portion of the base plate passage 115. Similarly, an inwardly extending projection 145 extends, proximate the base plate lower end 112, into at least a portion of the base plate passage 115.

[0140] As discussed above, magazine attachment channels 118 are formed within at least a portion of each of the opposing interior side walls 116. The magazine attachment channels 118 are formed so as to slidably interact with the protruding edge 14 of the magazine body 13 to attach or couple the base plate 110 to the magazine body 13. In certain exemplary, nonlimiting embodiments, securing tabs 119 and/or securing recesses are formed so as to interact with at least a portion of the protruding edge 14 to further secure the base plate 110 to the magazine body 13. In these and similar exemplary embodiments, the base plate 110 can be removed from the magazine body 13 by pressing the securing tabs 119 in an outward direction, and slidably removing the base plate 110 from the magazine body 13.

[0141] At least one pair of opposing channels 117 are formed within at least a portion of the opposing interior side walls 116. In various exemplary embodiments, the opposing channels 117 are formed as an elongate channel formed along a portion of each opposing interior side wall 116. In various exemplary embodiments, a surface closest to the base plate lower end 112, which extends from the opposing interior side wall 116 to form the opposing channel 117, is formed so as to have a planar surface that is substantially perpendicular (or substantially 90°) relative to a planar surface forming the opposing interior side wall 116. It should be appreciated that in certain exemplary embodiments, at least one additional pair of opposing channels (not illustrated) are also formed within at least a portion of the opposing interior side walls 116.

[0142] The base plate insert 120 extends from an insert upper end 121 to an insert lower end 122 and includes opposing side walls 127 and opposing end walls 129. A recess in the insert upper end 121 forms a lock plate recess 125. The lock plate recess 125 is formed so as to interact with at least a portion of the magazine lock plate 40 to maintain the magazine lock plate 40 in a desired position relative to the magazine spring 20 and the magazine cavity 15 when the base plate 110 is attached or coupled to the magazine body 13. In various exemplary embodiments, and apertures formed through a portion of the lock plate recess 125, which corresponds to a protrusion that extends from the magazine lock plate 40. Interaction between the aperture and the protrusion, if included, further secure the magazine lock plate 40 within the lock plate recess 125.

[0143] An outwardly extending projection 146 is formed so as to extend from at least a portion of the insert upper end 121, away from the adjacent opposing end wall 129. Similarly, an outwardly extending projection 147 is formed so as to extend from at least a portion of the insert upper end 121, away from the adjacent opposing end wall 129.

[0144] An internal insert chamber 123 is formed within the base plate insert 120 and extends from the insert lower end 122, toward the insert upper end 121. In various exemplary embodiments, one or more support walls 124 extend from a top wall of the internal insert chamber 123, toward the insert lower end 122. The support walls 124 may optionally be downwardly mounted from the insert upper end 121 of the base plate insert 120 into the internal insert chamber 123 to create a block for the flexible tabs 130, thereby preventing the flexible tabs 130 from extending too far into the internal insert chamber 123 and possibly breaking from the opposing side walls 127.

[0145] While the opposing end walls 129 are generally solid, i.e., having no indentation or perforations, the opposing side walls 127 include a saddleback recess 135 and spaced apart side openings 138 and 139, which extend through the opposing side walls 127. An open channel 137 connects the spaced side openings 138 and 139 on each discrete opposing side wall 127. A flexible tab 130 is defined between the spaced side openings 138 and 139 and the open channel 137. Each flexible tab 130 can be pressed or urged inwardly, such that at least a portion of each extending tab 132 can extend into at least a portion of the internal insert chamber 123 of the base plate insert 120. When each flexible tab 130 is released, the natural bias of each flexible tab 130 urges each flexible tab 130 to return to its original position.

[0146] In various exemplary embodiments, each flexible tab 130 includes a ramp portion that extends outward from the flexible tab 130 to a shoulder. The shoulder then returns to the surface of the flexible tab 130. In various exemplary embodiments, the shoulder includes a planar surface that extends approximately 90° relative to a planar surface formed by the flexible tab 130.

[0147] At least one and optionally two extending tabs 132 (as shown) extend from an area proximate the upper portion 131 of each flexible tab 130. The extending tabs 132 are designed to interact with both sets of opposing channels 117 on the opposing interior side wall 116 of the base plate body 113.

[0148] The base plate insert 120 is formed so as to be slidably positionable within at least a portion of the base plate passage 115 of the base plate body 113.

[0149] During installation of the base plate insert 120 into the base plate 110, the base plate insert 120 is initially aligned with the base plate passage 115 and inserted, from the base plate upper end 111, into the base plate passage 115. As the base plate insert 120 is urged further within the base plate passage 115, the extending tabs 132 slide within the base plate passage 115 until the extending tabs 132 reach the opposing channels 117. When the extending tabs 132 reach the opposing channels 117, the extending tabs 132 extend a sufficient distance within the opposing channels 117 to keep the base plate insert 120 from being further inserted into the base plate passage 115, toward the base plate lower end 112.

[0150] During assembly of the components of the magazine assembly 10, the magazine follower 30 is positioned within the magazine cavity 15. Then, the magazine spring 20 is slidably placed into the magazine cavity 15 of the magazine body 13 by sliding the spring top end 21 of the magazine spring 20 with the magazine follower 30 into the magazine bottom end 12 of the magazine body 13 until the magazine follower 30 is adjacent with the magazine top and 11 of the magazine body 13.

[0151] The magazine lock plate 40 is then positioned adjacent the spring bottom and 22 and the magazine lock plate 40 is seated within at least a portion of the lock plate recess 125 of the base plate insert 120.

[0152] Once the base plate insert 120 is appropriately positioned within the base plate 110, the magazine base plate assembly 100 the base plate 110 is slidably mounted on the magazine body 13 by contacting the magazine attachment channels 118 of the base plate body 113 with the protruding edges 14 of the magazine body 13 and securing the base to the magazine body 13.

[0153] Thus, the magazine spring 20 is tension mounted within the magazine body 13, thereby exerting spring biasing tension to the magazine follower 30 and the magazine lock plate 40. With the extending tabs 132 within the opposing channels 117, the magazine base plate assembly 100 is in the retracted position. In the retracted position, as illustrated in FIGS. 1, 3, 24, 27, and 29, the extending tabs 132 interact with the opposing channels 117 of the base plate body 113.

[0154] To move the magazine base plate assembly 100 from the retracted position to the extent position, the flexible tabs 130 are urged inward, such that the extending tabs 132 are withdrawn from the opposing channels 117. As illustrated in FIG. 30, the base plate insert 120 is able to move, within the base plate passage 115, toward the extended position.

[0155] In the extended position, as illustrated in FIGS. 2, 4, and 25, the outwardly extending projections 146 and 147 interact with the inwardly extending projections 144 and 145 to maintain the base plate insert 120 within the base plate passage 115.

[0156] To ease the cartridge loading process, the flexible tabs 130 on the base plate insert 120 are pressed inwardly by finger and thumb action. This releases the extending tabs 132 from the opposing channels 117. The tension from the magazine spring 20 urges the base plate insert 120 downwardly until the outwardly extending projections 146 and 147 interact with the inwardly extending projections 144 and 145 to retain the base plate insert 120 in the extended, lower position.

[0157] Advantageously, when the base plate insert 120 is in the extended position, the action causes further release of tension on the magazine spring 20, which will greatly ease the insertion of cartridges into the magazine body 13. The cartridges are then loaded into the magazine body 13 according to methods well known to the art. Once the capacity of cartridges in the magazine cavity 15 is achieved, the tension of the magazine spring 20 can be reactivated by urging the base plate insert 120 into the base plate body 113 until the extending tabs 132 interact with the opposing channels 117. At this point, the magazine assembly 10 and magazine base plate assembly 100 is ready for use in a firearm.

[0158] When in the extended position, cartridges are loaded into the magazine cavity 15, the magazine spring 20 extends at least partially from the magazine body 13. The spring biasing tension is then reduced from the magazine follower 30 and the user can place the remainder of the capacity of the cartridges without the typical tension applied by the magazine spring 20. Once the magazine body 13 is loaded with cartridges, the user can then force the base plate insert 120 up the magazine body 13 until the extending tabs 132 interact with opposing channels 117. This action forces the magazine spring 20 back into the magazine body 13, which in turn increasing the tension on the magazine spring 20. At this point, the magazine assembly 10 is in an activated state, i.e., ready for insertion into a firearm.

[0159] Another embodiment of the disclosure may optionally include no spring housing and just allow the magazine spring to extend until all cartridges or rounds loaded then the spring is force back into the magazine.

[0160] Another embodiment of the disclosure may optionally include a locking mechanism and no spring housing, but the magazine spring is released when wanted, then after it is forced back into the magazine it is locked in place while using the magazine.

[0161] Another embodiment of the disclosure may optionally include a telescoping design of the spring housing to even further decrease the spring tension.

[0162] The magazine assembly 10 of the present disclosure can be made with a metal or plastic spring housing (if needed), a metal or plastic base plate to the magazine custom made with a space for the spring housing or the spring to extend.

[0163] FIGS. 31-32, illustrate a cartridge or round magazine assembly 10′ having and an attached or coupled magazine base plate assembly 100′. As illustrated, the magazine assembly 10′ and the attached or coupled magazine base plate assembly 100′ is intended for a rifle, such as an AR-15 carbine rifle. The magazine assembly 10′ includes a magazine body 13′, extending from a magazine top end 11′. The magazine base plate assembly 100′ includes a base plate 110′ and a base plate insert 120′.

[0164] It should be appreciated that each of these elements operates similarly to the base plate 110 and the base plate insert 120, as discussed above, with respect to the magazine base plate assembly 100. However, the magazine base plate assembly 100′ is designed to be utilized in conjunction with a rifle-type magazine, as opposed to a pistol-type magazine.

[0165] FIGS. 33-59, illustrate an exemplary embodiment of a magazine base plate assembly 200, according to the present disclosure. It should be appreciated that the magazine base plate assembly 200 may be removably attached or coupled to the magazine bottom end 12, via interaction between the protruding edge 14 of the magazine body 13 and the magazine attachment channels 218 formed within each of the base plate opposing interior side walls 216 of the base plate 210. The base plate body 213 of the base plate 210 is preferably designed to slidably engage the magazine body 13 at the magazine bottom end 12 by engaging the protruding edge 14 of the magazine body 13 with the magazine attachment channels 218 positioned on the base plate opposing interior side walls 216 at the base plate upper end 211 of the base plate body 213. In this manner, the base plate 210 is attached or coupled to the magazine bottom end 12 in a manner similar to the attachment of a standard base plate to the magazine bottom end 12.

[0166] As illustrated in greater detail in FIGS. 33-40, the base plate 210 comprises at least some of a base plate body 213 extending from a base plate upper end 211 to a base plate lower end 212 and having an exterior base plate wall 214. The base plate body 213 further includes base plate opposing interior side walls 216, a base plate interior rear wall 209, and a base plate interior front wall 219, which at least partially define a base plate passage 215. The base plate passage 215 extends through the base plate 210 from the base plate upper end 211 through the base plate lower end 212.

[0167] Inwardly extending side wall projections 244 extend from each of the base plate opposing interior side walls 216, proximate the base plate lower end 212, into at least a portion of the base plate passage 215 and away from the base plate opposing interior side walls 216. Similarly, an inwardly extending rear wall projection 245 extends from the base plate interior rear wall 209, proximate the base plate lower end 212, into at least a portion of the base plate passage 215 and away from the base plate interior rear wall 209.

[0168] As discussed above, magazine attachment channels 218 are formed within at least a portion of each of the base plate opposing interior side walls 216. The magazine attachment channels 218 are formed so as to slidably interact with the protruding edge 14 of the magazine body 13 to attach or couple the base plate 210 to the magazine body 13. In certain exemplary, nonlimiting embodiments, securing tabs and/or securing recesses are formed so as to interact with at least a portion of the protruding edge 14 to further secure the base plate 210 to the magazine body 13. In these and similar exemplary embodiments, the base plate 210 can be removed from the magazine body 13 by pressing the securing tabs in an outward direction, and slidably removing the base plate 210 from the magazine body 13.

[0169] At least one base plate aperture 217 is formed through base plate body 213, within the exterior base plate wall 214. The base plate aperture 217 is formed such that at least a portion of the insert release button 250 may slidably extend therethrough. In various exemplary embodiments, a surface of the exterior base plate wall 214, surrounding the base plate aperture 217 may be at least partially recessed to aid in accessing or depressing a portion of the insert release button 250.

[0170] As illustrated in greater detail in FIGS. 41-50, the base plate insert 220 extends from an insert upper end 221 to an insert lower end 222 and includes opposing base plate insert side walls 227, a base plate insert front wall 228, and a base plate insert rear wall 229. A sidewall recess 232 is formed in each of the opposing base plate insert side walls 227. Each sidewall recess 232 is formed so as to extend from at least a portion of the insert lower end 222, toward the insert upper end 221, to a shoulder 237.

[0171] Similarly, a rear wall recess 231 is formed in the base plate insert rear wall 229. The rear wall recess 231 is formed so as to extend from at least a portion of the insert lower end 222, toward the insert upper end 221, to a shoulder 236.

[0172] An internal insert chamber 223 is formed within a portion of the base plate insert 220 and extends from the insert lower end 222, toward the insert upper end 221.

[0173] A base plate insert aperture 224 is formed through the base plate insert 220, within the base plate insert front wall 228. The base plate insert aperture 224 extends through the base plate insert front wall 228 and into the internal insert chamber 223. The base plate insert aperture 224 is formed such that at least a portion of the insert release button 250 may slidably extend therethrough.

[0174] A spring catch projection 226 is formed so as to extend within a portion of the internal insert chamber 223. The spring catch projection 226 is formed so as to allow an end portion of an insert release button biasing element 260 to be fitted about at least a portion of the spring catch projection 226, to assist in maintaining the insert release button biasing element 260 in a desired position within the internal insert chamber 223. The spring catch projection 226 is aligned with and formed opposite the base plate insert aperture 224.

[0175] In various exemplary embodiments, the insert release button biasing element 260 comprises a compressible coil spring. The insert release button biasing element 260 is selected to provide a biasing force to the insert release button 250 relative to the base plate insert 220. The insert release button biasing element 260 provides a biasing force to maintain the insert release button 250 in an engaged position, as illustrated most clearly in FIG. 54.

[0176] The base plate insert 220 is formed so as to be slidably positionable within at least a portion of the base plate passage 215 of the base plate body 213.

[0177] As illustrated in greater detail in FIGS. 51-53, the insert release button 250 extends from an insert release button first end 251, along a substantially cylindrical first portion 254, to an extension portion 256. The insert release button 250 then extends from the extension portion 256, along a substantially cylindrical second portion 258, to an insert release button second end 252.

[0178] A first shoulder 255 extends from an exterior surface of the substantially cylindrical first portion 254 to an exterior surface of the extension portion 256 and a second shoulder 257 extends from the exterior surface of the extension portion 256 to an exterior surface of the substantially cylindrical second portion 258.

[0179] An outer diameter of the extension portion 256 is greater than an outer diameter of the first portion 254 and an outer diameter of the second portion 258. In various exemplary embodiments, the outer diameter of the second portion 258 is greater than the outer diameter of the first portion 254.

[0180] The outer diameter of the first portion 254 is such that the outer diameter of the first portion 254 is equal to or less than the inner diameter of the base plate insert aperture 224 and the base plate aperture 217. In this manner, at least a portion of the first portion 254 is repeatably slidable within the base plate insert aperture 224 and the base plate aperture 217. The outer diameter of the extension portion 256 is greater than the inner diameter of the base plate insert aperture 224. Thus, when a portion of the first portion 254 is positioned through the base plate insert aperture 224, the first portion 254 is slidable within the base plate insert aperture 224 such that slidable movement of the insert release button 250 is limited by interaction between the second shoulder 257 and the interior side wall of the internal insert chamber 223 proximate the base plate insert aperture 224.

[0181] The substantially cylindrical second portion 258 is formed so as to allow an end portion of the insert release button biasing element 260 to be fitted about at least a portion of the substantially cylindrical second portion 258, to assist in maintaining the insert release button biasing element 260 in a desired position within the internal insert chamber 223.

[0182] FIGS. 54-59, illustrate various aspects of the installation and usage of the magazine base plate assembly 200. During initial assembly of the components of the magazine base plate assembly 200, the insert release button 250 is positioned within the internal insert chamber 223 and the insert release button first end 251 is positioned through the base plate insert aperture 224 such that at least a portion of the first portion 254 is positioned through the base plate insert aperture 224 to extend from the base plate insert front wall 228.

[0183] A first end portion of the insert release button biasing element 260 is fitted about at least a portion of the spring catch projection 226, while the a second end portion of the insert release button biasing element 260 is fitted about at least a portion of the substantially cylindrical second portion 258 and abutted against the second shoulder 257 of the insert release button 250. Once assembled, the insert release button biasing element 260 provides a biasing force to maintain the insert release button 250 in the engaged position.

[0184] During initial installation of the base plate insert 220 into the base plate 210, the base plate insert 220 is initially aligned with the base plate passage 215 and inserted, from the base plate upper end 211, into the base plate passage 215. The sidewall recesses 232 are aligned with the inwardly extending side wall projections 244 and the rear wall recess 231 is aligned with the inwardly extending rear wall projection 245.

[0185] As the base plate insert 220 is urged further within the base plate passage 215, the insert release button 250 reaches the base plate upper end 211 of the base plate passage 215. When the insert release button 250 reaches the base plate upper end 211 of the base plate passage 215, the insert release button 250 is urged toward the disengaged position a sufficient distance to allow the base plate insert 220 to be urged further within the base plate passage 215, toward the base plate lower end 212.

[0186] The base plate insert 220 is urged further within the base plate passage 215, toward the base plate lower end 212, until the insert release button first end 251 of the insert release button 250 reaches the base plate aperture 217. When the insert release button 250 reaches the base plate aperture 217, the bias of the insert release button biasing element 260 urges the insert release button 250 toward the engaged position and at least a portion of the first portion 254 is urged through the base plate aperture 217 a sufficient distance to allow the base plate insert 220 to be maintained in a retracted position within the base plate passage 215, as illustrated in FIG. 54.

[0187] Once the magazine base plate assembly 200 is assembled, the magazine base plate assembly 200 can be attached or coupled to a magazine assembly 10, substantially as described herein, such that the magazine spring 20 is tension mounted within the magazine body 13, thereby exerting biasing tension to the magazine follower 30 and the insert upper end 221 of the base plate insert 220 (optionally via a magazine lock plate 40). With a portion of the insert release button 250 within the base plate aperture 217, the magazine base plate assembly 200 is maintained in the retracted position. In the retracted position, as illustrated in FIG. 54, a portion of the insert release button 250 interacts with base plate insert aperture 224 and the base plate aperture 217.

[0188] To move the magazine base plate assembly 200 from the retracted position to the extended position, the insert release button 250 is urged toward the base plate insert 220 (toward the disengaged position), such that the insert release button 250 is urged from or withdrawn from the base plate aperture 217. As illustrated in FIGS. 55-57, when the insert release button 250 is urged from or withdrawn from the base plate aperture 217, the base plate insert 220 is able to move, within the base plate passage 215, toward the extended position.

[0189] In the extended position, as illustrated in FIGS. 56 and 57, the inwardly extending side wall projections 244 interact with the sidewall recess 232 and the inwardly extending rear wall projection 245 interacts with the rear wall recess 231 to maintain the base plate insert 220 within the base plate passage 215. The furthest extent of the extended position is achieved when the shoulders 237 of the sidewall recesses 232 contact a respective shoulder of the inwardly extending side wall projections 244 and/or the shoulder 236 of the rear wall recess 231 contacts a shoulder of the inwardly extending rear wall projection 245.

[0190] To ease the cartridge loading process, the insert release button 250 on the base plate insert 220 is pressed inwardly. This releases the insert release button 250 from the base plate aperture 217. The tension from the magazine spring 20 urges the base plate insert 220 downwardly until the shoulders 237 of the sidewall recesses 232 contact a respective shoulder of the inwardly extending side wall projections 244 and/or the shoulder 236 of the rear wall recess 231 contacts a shoulder of the inwardly extending rear wall projection 245 to retain the base plate insert 220 in the extended, lower position.

[0191] Advantageously, when the base plate insert 220 is in the extended position, the action causes further release of tension on the magazine spring 20, which will greatly ease the insertion of cartridges into the magazine body 13. The cartridges are then loaded into the magazine body 13 according to methods well known to the art. Once the capacity of cartridges in the magazine cavity 15 is achieved, the tension of the magazine spring 20 can be reactivated by urging the base plate insert 220 into the base plate body 213 until the insert release button 250 interacts with the base plate aperture 217 and the base plate insert 220 is again in the retracted position. Once the base plate insert 220 is in the retracted position, the magazine assembly 10 and magazine base plate assembly 200 is ready for use in a firearm.

[0192] While the presently disclosed systems, methods, and/or apparatuses has been described in conjunction with the exemplary embodiments outlined above, the foregoing description of exemplary embodiments of the presently disclosed systems, methods, and/or apparatuses, as set forth above, are intended to be illustrative, not limiting and the fundamental disclosed systems, methods, and/or apparatuses should not be considered to be necessarily so constrained. It is evident that the presently disclosed systems, methods, and/or apparatuses is not limited to the particular variation set forth and many alternatives, adaptations modifications, and/or variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art.

[0193] Furthermore, where a range of values is provided, it is understood that every intervening value, between the upper end lower limit of that range and any other stated or intervening value in that stated range is encompassed within the presently disclosed systems, methods, and/or apparatuses. The upper end lower limits of these smaller ranges may independently be included in the smaller ranges and is also encompassed within the presently disclosed systems, methods, and/or apparatuses, subject to any specifically excluded limit in the stated range. Where the stated range includes one or both of the limits, ranges excluding either or both of those included limits are also included in the presently disclosed systems, methods, and/or apparatuses.

[0194] It is to be understood that the phraseology of terminology employed herein is for the purpose of description and not of limitation. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the presently disclosed systems, methods, and/or apparatuses belongs.

[0195] In addition, it is contemplated that any optional feature of the inventive variations described herein may be set forth and claimed independently, or in combination with any one or more of the features described herein.

[0196] Accordingly, the foregoing description of exemplary embodiments will reveal the general nature of the presently disclosed systems, methods, and/or apparatuses, such that others may, by applying current knowledge, change, vary, modify, and/or adapt these exemplary, non-limiting embodiments for various applications without departing from the spirit and scope of the presently disclosed systems, methods, and/or apparatuses and elements or methods similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in practicing the presently disclosed systems, methods, and/or apparatuses. Any and all such changes, variations, modifications, and/or adaptations should and are intended to be comprehended within the meaning and range of equivalents of the disclosed exemplary embodiments and may be substituted without departing from the true spirit and scope of the presently disclosed systems, methods, and/or apparatuses.

[0197] Also, it is noted that as used herein and in the appended claims, the singular forms “a”, “and”, “said”, and “the” include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Conversely, it is contemplated that the claims may be so-drafted to require singular elements or exclude any optional element indicated to be so here in the text or drawings. This statement is intended to serve as antecedent basis for use of such exclusive terminology as “solely”, “only”, and the like in connection with the recitation of claim elements or the use of a “negative” claim limitation(s).