Adjustable Natural Culling of Mussel Population on Mussel-Culture Popes

Abstract

A method for naturally culling mussel population on a mussel-culture rope, comprising the steps of installing a predator guard around the mussel-culture rope; and during the step of installing, adjusting a degree of mussel protection of that predator guard. In one aspect, the step of adjusting comprises the steps of opening and adjusting a size of a breach in the predator guard. In another aspect, the predator guard is made of an elongated hemicylindroidal mesh-like element with an open side. The hemicylindroidal element has flaps bordering the open side. The flaps constitute duck-mobility impediments for limiting without completely precluding predation by diving ducks.

Claims

1. A method for naturally culling mussel population on a mussel-culture rope, comprising the steps of: installing a first predator guard around said mussel-culture rope; and during said step of installing, adjusting a degree of mussel protection of said first predator guard.

2. The method for naturally culling mussel population on a mussel-culture rope as claimed in claim 1, wherein said step of adjusting comprises the steps of opening a breach in said first predator guard and adjusting a size of said breach.

3. The method for naturally culling mussel population on a mussel-culture rope as claimed in claim 2, wherein said step of adjusting comprises the step of installing duck-swimming obstructions near said breach.

4. The method for naturally culling mussel population on a mussel-culture rope as claimed in claim 1, wherein said step of adjusting comprises crumpling said first predator guard with an adjustable belt and buckle.

5. The method for naturally culling mussel population on a mussel-culture rope as claimed in claim 1, herein said step of adjusting comprises the steps of installing two hemicylindroidal mesh surfaces facing each other, around said culture rope, and crumpling a central portion of at least one of said hemicylindroidal mesh surface upon itself, thereby opening a breach between said two hemicylindroidal mesh surfaces.

6. The method for naturally culling mussel population on a mussel-culture rope as claimed in claim 5, wherein said step of crumpling a central portion comprises tightening a strap around said central portion of said hemicylindroidal mesh surface.

7. The method for naturally culling mussel population on a mussel-culture rope as claimed in claim 3, wherein said step of adjusting comprises the steps of installing a hemicylindroidal mesh surface with an open side around said culture rope, and providing flaps on each edge of said open side.

8. The method for naturally culling mussel population on a mussel-culture rope as claimed in claim 7, wherein said step of adjusting comprises the step of opening a breach in said first predator guard wherein said breach is defined by a length of said hemicylindroidal mesh surface and a distance between said flaps.

9. The method for naturally culling mussel population on a mussel-culture rope as claimed in claim 1, wherein said step of adjusting comprises the steps of installing a hemicylindroidal mesh surface with an open side around said culture rope, and providing flaps on each edge of said open side.

10. The method for naturally culling mussel population on a mussel-culture rope as claimed in claim 9, wherein said step of adjusting comprises the step of opening a predator breach wherein said breach is defined by a length of said hemicylindroidal mesh surface and a distance between said flaps.

11. The method for naturally culling mussel population on a mussel-culture rope as claimed in claim 1, further comprising: installing a second and subsequent predator guards around said mussel-growing rope; and adjusting a degree of mussel protection in said second and subsequent predator guards.

12. The method for naturally culling mussel population on a mussel-culture rope as claimed in claim 1, further comprising: installing said second predator guard end-to-end with said first predator guard; and adjusting a degree of mussel protection of said second predator guard.

13. A method for naturally culling mussel population on a mussel-culture rope, comprising the steps of: installing a predator guard around a first portion of said mussel-culture rope, leaving an unprotected portion; installing flaps of mesh material bordering said unprotected portion; and adjusting a distance between said flaps, thereby creating swimming obstructions near said unprotected portion.

14. A predator guard for naturally culling mussel population on a mussel-culture rope, comprising: a first hemicylindroidal mesh surface; fastener mounted around a central portion of said mesh surface; predator breaches extending along edges of said mesh surface; and said fastener being respectively held around said first hemicylindroidal mesh surfaces for crumbling said mesh surface and for retaining said predator breach open.

15. The predator guard as claimed in claim 14, also comprising a second hemicylindroidal mesh surface mounted face-to-face with said first hemicylindroidal mesh surface around said mussel-culture rope; said second hemicylindroidal mesh surface also having fastener being respectively held there-around for crumbling said second hemicylindroidal mesh surface and for retaining said predator breach open.

16. The predator guard as claimed in claim 15, further comprising a third and fourth hemicylindroidal mesh surfaces mounted end-to-end with said first and second hemicylindroidal mesh surfaces, along said mussel-culture rope.

17. The predator guard as claimed in claim 15, wherein said fasteners comprising a central strap and buckle fastener along a central portion thereof, and said central strap being configured for crumpling said central region thereof, and for opening said breaches therealong.

18. The predator guard as claimed in claim 17, further comprising strap and buckle fasteners along top and bottom regions thereof for retention thereof to said mussel-culture rope.

19. The predator guard as claimed in claim 14, wherein said first elongated hemicylindroidal mesh-like surface has a first open side there along and said first open side is bordered by flaps of mesh-like surface.

20. The predator guard as claimed in claim 19, wherein said mesh surfaces is made of plastic material.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0047] A preferred embodiment of a method for naturally culling population density on mussel culture ropes, and two preferred embodiments of predator guards to achieve such natural culling, are illustrated in the attached drawings. In these drawings;

[0048] FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a common mussel culture installation, referred to in the industry as a “longline” installation with hanging culture ropes;

[0049] FIG. 2 illustrates a first predator guard with a selectively openable predator access breaches on each side thereof;

[0050] FIG. 3 illustrates a frame member optionally usable to maintain the shape of the predator guard as illustrated in FIG. 2;

[0051] FIG. 4 illustrates a predator guard according to the second preferred embodiment, with flaps bordering the open side thereof;

[0052] FIG. 5 is a cross-section view of the hemicylindroidal predator guard illustrated in FIG. 4, as seen along line 5-5 in FIG. 4.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0053] While this invention is susceptible of embodiment in many different configurations, there are shown in the drawings and will be described in details herein, two specific embodiments of an installation for naturally culling population of mussels on mussel-culture ropes. The words “natural” and “naturally” as used herein, refer to phenomena of nature. The word “culling” is used in the industry to describe a process of removing the small and undergrown mussels from a rope, allowing more space for the large and healthy-looking ones to grow.

[0054] The embodiments presented herein should be considered as examples of the principles of the invention. The two specific embodiments are also presented to explain a method for naturally culling the population of mussels on mussel-culture ropes. This method is a further embodiment of the present invention. These examples are not intended to limit the invention to the embodiments illustrated and described.

[0055] Referring to FIG. 1, a typical mussel-culture installation is illustrated. This installation is similar to the installation described in CA 2,535,821 mentioned before. This installation is made of culture ropes 20 hung to a mainline 22. The mainline 22 is suspended to buoys 24. The mainline 22 is retained at a same level by spaced-apart anchor blocks (not shown). The buoys 24 constitute markers by which a mussel-culture operation can be located and retrieved for inspection and harvest. This type of installation is referred to as a “mussel longline”. Predator guard netting sleeves 40 can be seen on the culture ropes 20.

[0056] Referring now to FIG. 2, there is illustrated therein, a knotted mussel culture rope 50, such as described in CA 2,905,179, mentioned before. In this first preferred embodiment of a predator guard, the rope 50 is partly covered by a predator guard. This predator guard is made of two hemicylindroidal mesh surfaces 52, 52′ mounted face-to-face to enclose the rope 50.

[0057] A hemicylinder is defined as half a cylinder cut longitudinally. The general shape of the mesh surface is hemicylindroidal in that it differs slightly from a hemicylinder. The mesh surface is hemicylindroidal in that its cross section may be more than or less than that of a half circle, may be at variance with the shape of a regular circle, such as an oval shape for example, and that more or less tangential extensions (flaps, not shown in FIG. 2) may extend from the open side of the hemicylindroidal surface.

[0058] The fabric of the mesh is either rigid or flexible. Preferably, the mesh is of the same fabric than that normally used for mussel culture; for protection of cultured bivalves; as used for garden fencing or for similar purpose and is made of polypropylene or similar plastic material, flexible or rigid. When the fabric of the guard is flexible, the general shape of the cross-section of the hemicylindroidal surface is optionally given by frames 54 as shown in FIG. 3.

[0059] Hemicylindroidal surfaces may be partially or completely closed at the top or at both ends by mesh or some other material. Hemicylindroidal elements may also be attached end to end as a series of guards to cover the entire length of a mussel-culture rope.

[0060] Hemicylindroidal elements are typically 1.5 m. (4 feet) long and 30 cm. (1 foot) wide. Other sizes, however, may be preferred depending on the mussel-culture operation.

[0061] Referring back to FIG. 2, two guards 52, 52′ are mounted face-to-face to enclose a segment of the mussel-culture rope 50. Each guard has adjustable straps and buckles at the top 56, near the middle 58, 58′, and at their bottom regions 60. The top straps 56 are preferably used to crumple the top regions of the guards 52, 52′, tight against the culture rope 50 so to retain the guards 52, 52′ to the rope 50.

[0062] The bottom straps 60 are used to retain the two guards 52, 52′ in a cylindrical shape, with an open bottom end 62. The open bottom end 62 is preferred for letting the detaching mussel fall to the sea bed and feed crabs and starfish, for examples.

[0063] The middle straps 58, 58′ are used to open a window or a breach 64 between the hemicylindroidal guards 52, 52′ and to allow controlled access to the culture rope by predators. Each strap 58, 58′ is preferably attached to itself, over the outside porting of each guard. Strap 58 encircles guard 52, and strap 58′ encircles guard 52′. The tightness of the straps 58, 58′ defines the size of the breach 64. The size of the breach 64 is adjusted by the installer of the guards 52, 52′, according to experience with predator population and the nutrients present at the culture site.

[0064] The size of the breach 64 is adjusted to allow a controlled natural predation on the cultured mussels. Such controlled natural predation provides a better yield of mature mussels, and promotes a healthy presence of duck and fish in the mussel-culture habitat. This controlled natural predation promotes a natural culling of mussels on the mussel-culture ropes.

[0065] Referring now to FIG. 4, a hemicylindroidal guard 70, partially encloses the culture rope 50. The guard 70 has an open side.

[0066] As for the first preferred embodiment, the top straps 56 is used to crumple and to retain the top portion of the guard 70 to the culture rope 50.

[0067] The guard 70 has flaps 72 extending substantially tangentially therefrom. The flaps 72 extend substantially parallel to each other and border the open side of the guard. In use, the guard 70 is installed with its concave portion partly enclosing the rope 50, with the flaps 72 extending substantially parallel to each other. A gap “A” is maintained between the flaps 72.

[0068] While the gap “A” and the flexibility of the flaps 72 allows a duck to reach the open side of the guard 70, the width “W” of the flaps 72 and gap “A” are preferably set to represent a serious impediment to the mobility of a swimming duck. The adjustment of the gap “A” and width “W” of the flaps 72 is done by experience of the installer to maintain a profitable yield of healthy mussels.

[0069] For reference purposes, a more explicit diagram of the hemicylindroidal guard 70 is presented in FIG. 5. It will also be appreciated that the hemicylindroidal guard defines substantially a U-like shape, and perhaps a more oval shape which is completely open on one side. The shape of the U-shaped cross-section may be retained substantially as such by the middle and/or bottom straps 58, 60, shown in FIGS. 2 and 5.

[0070] Although a regular U-like shape, or oval shape is illustrated, deformations occur underwater, and the actual cross-section shape might be different from the illustrations presented herein. Similarly, the gap “A” of the guards in use may not be consistent along the entire length of the guards. Therefore considerations should be given to these variables when installing the predator guards.