Method for co-production of aviation fuel and diesel

Abstract

A process plant and a process for production of a hydrocarbon suitable for use as jet fuel from a feedstock being a renewable feedstock or an oxygenate feedstock, including combining the feedstock with an amount of a liquid diluent, directing it to contact a material catalytically active in hydrodeoxygenation under hydrotreating conditions to provide a hydrodeoxygenated intermediate product, separating the hydrodeoxygenated intermediate product in at least two fractions; a vapor fraction and a liquid fraction, directing at least an amount of the liquid fraction to contact a material catalytically active in isomerization under isomerization conditions to provide an isomerized intermediate product, directing at least an amount of the isomerized intermediate product and a stream comprising sulfur to provide a hydrocracked intermediate product, and fractionating the hydrocracked intermediate product to provide at least a hydrocarbon suitable for use as jet fuel.

Claims

1. A process for production of a hydrocarbon fraction suitable for use as jet fuel from an oxygenate feedstock, comprising the steps of a. combining the feedstock with an amount of a liquid diluent to form a combined feedstock, directing said combined feedstock to contact a material catalytically active in hydrodeoxygenation under hydrotreating conditions to provide a hydrodeoxygenated intermediate product, b. separating said hydrodeoxygenated intermediate product in at least two fractions including a vapor fraction and a liquid fraction, c. optionally providing at least an amount of said liquid fraction as said liquid diluent, d. directing at least an amount of said liquid fraction to contact a material catalytically active in isomerization under isomerization conditions to provide an isomerized intermediate product, e. directing at least an amount of said isomerized intermediate product and a stream comprising sulfur to contact a material catalytically active in hydrocracking under hydrocracking conditions to provide a hydrocracked intermediate product, and f. fractionating said hydrocracked intermediate product providing at least said hydrocarbon fraction suitable for use as jet fuel.

2. The process according to claim 1, wherein said hydrocarbon fraction suitable for use as jet fuel has a final boiling point according to ASTM D86 being less than 300° C.

3. The process according to claim 1, wherein the volume of hydrogen sulfide relative to the volume of molecular hydrogen in the gas phase of the combined feedstock directed to contact the material catalytically active in hydrodeoxygenation is at least 50 ppm.sub.v, optionally by adding a stream comprising one or more sulfur compounds.

4. The process according to claim 1, wherein the volume of hydrogen sulfide relative to the volume of molecular hydrogen in the gas phase of the total stream directed to contact the material catalytically active in hydrocracking is at least 50 ppm.sub.v.

5. The process according to claim 1, wherein said feedstock comprises at least 50% wt triglycerides or fatty acids.

6. The process according to claim 1, wherein hydrodeoxygenation conditions involve a temperature in the interval 250-400° C., a pressure in the interval 30-150 Bar, and a liquid hourly space velocity in the interval 0.1-2 and wherein the material catalytically active in hydrodeoxygenation comprises one or more sulfided metals taken from the group of nickel, cobalt, molybdenum or tungsten, supported on a carrier comprising one or more refractory oxides.

7. The process according to claim 1, wherein hydrocracking conditions involve a temperature in the interval 250-425° C., a pressure in the interval 30-150 Bar, and a liquid hourly space velocity in the interval 0.5-4, optionally together with intermediate cooling by quenching with cold hydrogen, feed or product and wherein the material catalytically active in hydrocracking comprises (a) one or more active metals taken from the group platinum, palladium, nickel, cobalt, tungsten and molybdenum, (b) an acidic support taken from the group of a molecular sieve showing high cracking activity, and amorphous acidic oxides and (c) a refractory support.

8. The process according to claim 1, wherein the amount of material boiling above 300° C. in said hydrocracked intermediate product is reduced by at least 20% wt, compared to said isomerized intermediate product.

9. The process according to claim 1, wherein at least an amount of said isomerized intermediate product or said hydrocracked intermediate product is directed to contact a material catalytically active in hydrodearomatization under hydrodearomatization conditions to provide a hydrodearomatized product comprising less than 1 wt/wt %, calculated by total mass of the aromatic molecules relative to all hydrocarbons in the stream, where said hydrodearomatized product is fractionated in place of said hydrocracked intermediate product step (f).

10. The process according to claim 9, wherein hydrodearomatization conditions involve a temperature in the interval 200-350° C., a pressure in the interval 30-150 Bar, and a liquid hourly space velocity in the interval 0.5-8 and wherein said material catalytically active in hydrodearomatization comprises an active metal taken from the group comprising platinum, palladium, nickel, cobalt, tungsten and molybdenum, and a refractory support.

11. The process according to claim 8, wherein a hydrogen rich stream comprising at least 90 vol/vol % hydrogen is directed to contact the material catalytically active in hydrodearomatization.

12. The process according to claim 1, wherein isomerization conditions involves a temperature in the interval 250-350° C., a pressure in the interval 30-150 Bar, and a liquid hourly space velocity in the interval 0.5-8 and wherein the material catalytically active in isomerization comprises an active metal taken from the group comprising platinum, palladium, nickel, cobalt, tungsten and molybdenum, an acidic support, and an amorphous refractory support comprising one or more oxides taken from the group comprising alumina, silica and titania or combinations thereof.

13. A process plant for production of a hydrocarbon fraction suitable for use as jet fuel from a feedstock being a renewable feedstock or an oxygenate feedstock, said process plant comprising a hydrodeoxygenation section, a separation section, an isomerization section, a hydrocracking section and a fractionation section, said process plant being configured for a. directing the feedstock and a liquid diluent to the hydrodeoxygenation section to provide a hydrodeoxygenated intermediate product, b. separating said hydrodeoxygenated intermediate product in a vapor fraction and a liquid fraction in said separation section, c. directing at least an amount of said hydrodeoxygenated intermediate product to contact a material catalytically active in isomerization under isomerization conditions providing an isomerized intermediate product, and d. directing at least an amount of said isomerized intermediate product an a stream comprising sulfur to contact a material catalytically active in hydrocracking under hydrocracking conditions to provide the hydrocracked intermediate product, e. fractionating said isomerized intermediate product in said fractionation section to provide at least a hydrocarbon fraction suitable for use as jet fuel.

14. A process plant according to claim 13 further comprising a recycle connection being configured for providing an amount of said liquid hydrodeoxygenated product as liquid diluent.

Description

FIGURES

[0052] FIG. 1 shows a simplified illustration of a process according to the present disclosure.

[0053] FIG. 2 shows a simplified illustration of a process according to the prior art.

[0054] FIG. 3 shows a simplified illustration of a process according to the prior art.

[0055] FIG. 1 is a simplified figure showing a layout according to the present disclosure, omitting supply of gaseous streams and details of separation for simplicity. A renewable feedstock (102) is combined with a recycle diluent stream (128) and directed as a hydrodeoxygenation feed stream (104) together with an amount of a hydrogen rich stream (not shown) to a hydrodeoxygenation reactor (HDO) where it contacts a material catalytically active in hydrogenation under hydrotreating conditions. This provides a hydrodeoxygenated intermediate product (106). The hydrodeoxygenated intermediate product (106) is directed to separation section (SEP), shown for simplicity as a single unit, separating the hydrodeoxygenated intermediate product in a gas stream which may be used for recycle or for other purposes and a liquid intermediate product stream (108). The liquid intermediate product stream (108) is split in a recycle diluent stream (128) and an isomerization reactor feed stream (110) is together with a substantially sulfur free stream of hydrogen (not shown) directed as feed to an isomerization reactor (ISOM), where it contacts a material catalytically active in isomerization under isomerization conditions and provides and intermediate isomerized product stream (112) which is directed as a hydrocracker feed to a hydrocracking reactor (HDC) operating under hydrocracking conditions, optionally in the presence of an added sulfur donor (114), providing a hydrocracked intermediate product (118), which is directed to a fractionation section (FRAC) shown for simplicity as a single unit, separating the isomerized product in a light overhead stream (120), a naphtha product (122), a jet product (124) and a bottom diesel fraction (126).

[0056] The hydrocracked intermediate product (118) may optionally contact a further material catalytically active in hydrodearomatization (not shown) under hydrodearomatization conditions, providing an isomerized product.

[0057] FIG. 2 shows an example of the prior art, in a level of detail similar to FIG. 1, omitting supply of gaseous streams and details of separation for simplicity. A renewable feedstock (202) is combined with a recycle diluent stream (228) and directed as a hydrodeoxygenation feed stream (204) together with an amount of a hydrogen rich stream (not shown) to a hydrodeoxygenation reactor (HDO) where it contacts a material catalytically active in hydrogenation under hydrotreating conditions. This provides a hydrodeoxygenated intermediate product (214), which is directed to a hydroisomerization reactor (ISOM) where it contacts a material catalytically active in isomerization under isomerization conditions, providing a dewaxed intermediate product (216). The dewaxed intermediate product (216) is directed to a fractionation section (FRAC) shown for simplicity as a single unit, separating the hydrocracked product in a light overhead stream (220), a naphtha stream (222), a jet product (224) and a bottom diesel fraction which is split in a recycle diluent stream (228) and a diesel product stream (226).

[0058] FIG. 3 shows a further example of the prior art, omitting supply of gaseous streams and details of separation for simplicity. A renewable feedstock (302) is combined with a recycle diluent stream (328) and directed as a hydrodeoxygenation feed stream (304) together with an amount of a hydrogen rich stream (not shown) to a hydrodeoxygenation reactor (HDO) where it contacts a material catalytically active in hydrogenation under hydrotreating conditions. This provides a hydrodeoxygenated intermediate product (306), which is directed to a separator (SEP), from which a purified hydrodeoxygenated intermediate product (308) is retrieved, and split in a recycle diluent stream (328) and an isomerization feed stream (310), which is combined with a sulfur free hydrogen stream (not shown) and to a hydroisomerization reactor (ISOM). In this reactor the combined feed stream contacts a noble metal based material catalytically active in isomerization under isomerization conditions, providing a dewaxed intermediate product (312). The dewaxed intermediate product (312) is directed to a fractionation section (FRAC) shown for simplicity as a single unit, separating the hydrocracked product in a light overhead stream (320), a naphtha stream (322), a jet product (324) and a bottom diesel fraction (326).

Examples

[0059] The performance of the process layouts shown in FIGS. 1 and 3 have been compared.

[0060] Table 1 shows the characteristics of a renewable feedstock which is a combination of animal fat and cooking oil and the intermediate products after hydrotreatment. The intermediate product is dominated by C16 and C18 alkanes, has a high freezing point (24° C.) and contains more than 1.5 wt/wt % aromatics. The feedstock was treated in two processes in accordance with FIGS. 1 and 3 respectively, and the results of this treatment are shown in Table 2 where “Example 1” corresponds to FIG. 1 and “Example 2” corresponds to FIG. 2. The values for “net jet make” are calculated as the amount of jet produced in the process, subtracting the amount of jet already present in the feedstock by the formula net jet make=[total jet product]−[native jet present in the feed]. Yields are presented in this table as wt/wt % of feed to the unit. Eg. a jet yield of 51 wt/wt % indicate that 51 kg of jet fuel is produced for each 100 kg of feed that is processed in the unit.

[0061] The results of both examples show a production of a jet fuel with excellent properties, a low freezing point (−40° C.) and a low aromatics content (<0.5% wt). Example 1 according to the present disclosure has a jet yield of 51 wt/wt %, whereas Example 2 has a jet yield of 43 wt/wt %, assuming a cut point between jet and diesel of 300° C. In the optimization of a process under the assumption of a higher value of jet fuel, this difference is evidently a highly attractive benefit of Example 1.

[0062] The key difference between the performance in the two cases is that Example 1 provides a jet yield of 51 wt/wt %, whereas Example 2 provides a much lower yield of 43 wt/wt %. This is due the conversion of high boiling diesel to jet fuel in the hydrocracking reactor.

TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Feedstock Feedstock A Animal fat/ Source used cooking oil C16 fatty acids 20 wt/wt % C18 fatty acids 74 wt/wt % Properties of hydrodeoxygenated intermediate product Property Method of Analysis Freezing point ASTM D 5972 24° C. Aromatics ASTM D 6591 1.5 wt/wt % Boiling point (° C.) ASTM D 7213 C IBP 200 10 wt/wt % 290 30 wt/wt % 317 50 wt/wt % 321 70 wt/wt % 323 90 wt/wt % 324 FBP 482 Native jet, % wt 17 110-300° C. Example 1 Example 2 P 70 barg 70 barg T(HDO)   320° C.   320° C. T(HDC)   300° C. — LHSV (HDC) 1 — Conversion per pass (HDC) T(ISOM)   320° C.   330° C. LHSV (ISOM) 2 2 Net jet make 34 wt/wt % 26 wt/wt % Freezing pt Jet  −40° C.  −40° C. Aromatics Jet <0.5 wt/wt % <0.5 wt/wt % Naphtha Yield  8 wt/wt %  5 wt/wt % (bp. 60° C.-110° C.) Jet yield 51 wt/wt % 43 wt/wt % (bp. 110° C.-300° C.) Diesel yield 22 wt/wt % 35 wt/wt % (bp. 300° C.-370° C.)