A REFRACTORY ANCHOR

Abstract

The invention relates to a refractory anchor comprising an elongated mounting pin having a first end and a second end opposite to the first end seen in the longitudinal direction of the elongated mounting pin, wherein the first end of the elongated mounting pin is weldable to an object, the refractory anchor further comprises two anchor fins of which each has a first anchor fin section having a first side and an opposing second side located at a distance of the elongated mounting pin with respect to the first side, wherein the first side is connected to the elongated mounting pin.

Claims

1. A refractory anchor comprising an elongated mounting pin having a first end and a second end opposite to the first end seen in the longitudinal direction of the elongated mounting pin, wherein the first end of the elongated mounting pin is weldable to an object, the refractory anchor further comprises two anchor fins of which each has a first anchor fin section having a first side and an opposing second side located at a distance of the elongated mounting pin with respect to the first side, wherein the first side is connected to the elongated mounting pin, wherein the two first anchor fin sections are located in one virtual plane, and a second anchor fin section is connected to the second side of each first anchor fin section, wherein seen from above the refractory anchor, each second anchor fin section branches off in a V-shaped manner from each first anchor fin section, wherein two V-shaped anchor fin branches of at least one second anchor fin section have substantially the same height seen in the longitudinal direction of the elongated mounting pin.

2. The refractory anchor according to claim 1, wherein the height of each anchor fin branch of the least one second anchor fin section corresponds to or is larger than the height of the elongated mounting pin seen in the longitudinal direction.

3. The refractory anchor according to claim 1, wherein the angle between the two V-shaped anchor fin branches of the at least one second anchor fin section is larger than 100 degrees and smaller than 160 degrees.

4. The refractory anchor according to claim 1, wherein the two V-shaped anchor fin branches of the at least one second anchor fin section have substantially the same length and/or substantially the same thickness.

5. The refractory anchor according to claim 1, wherein a first portion of the first side of each first anchor fin section is connected to a second end section of the elongated mounting pin located adjacent to, or forming, the second end of the elongated mounting pin, wherein a second portion of the first side of each first anchor fin section is not connected to the elongated mounting pin, wherein between the second portions of the first sides of the first anchor fin sections a space is provided, wherein the space is located above the second end of the elongated mounting pin seen in the longitudinal direction of the elongated mounting pin.

6. The refractory anchor according to claim 5, wherein each second portion of the first sides of the first anchor fin sections has a cut-out.

7. The refractory anchor according to claim 1, wherein at least the lower corners of the anchor fins are rounded.

8. The refractory anchor according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the anchor fin branches are provided with a tab.

9. The refractory anchor according to claim 1, wherein the elongated mounting pin is made from a different material than the two anchor fins.

10. The refractory anchor according to claim 9, wherein the elongated mounting pin is made from a first alloy and the two anchor fins are made of a second alloy different from the first alloy.

11. The refractory anchor according to claim 1, wherein the elongated mounting pin is made of a material configured for stud welding the elongated mounting pin to an object.

12. The refractory anchor according to claim 1, wherein the two anchor fins are connected to each other by a connector, wherein the connector is connected to the elongated mounting pin, wherein the connector and the two anchor fins are made in one piece, and/or the connector and the two anchor fins are made from the same material.

13. The refractory anchor according to claim 12, wherein the connector provides a through hole for receiving the elongated mounting pin for providing a connection between the elongated mounting pin and the connector, wherein the connection between the elongated mounting pin and the connector is provided by friction fit.

14. The refractory anchor according to claim 1, wherein the anchor fins of the refractory anchor are mirror symmetrical with respect to a plane through the center line of the elongated mounting pin and perpendicular to the virtual plane in which the two first anchor fin sections of the refractory anchor extend.

15. The refractory anchor according to claim 1, wherein each anchor fin comprises two third anchor fin sections extending parallel to the first anchor fin section.

16. The refractory anchor according to claim 1, wherein only one of the two anchor fins is provided with a third anchor fin section extending parallel to the first anchor fin section.

17. The refractory anchor according to claim 15, wherein seen from a virtual horizontal plane around the first end of the elongated mounting pin, the largest vertical spacing between the horizontal plane and the third anchor fin section is provided by the distance between the horizontal plane and a corner of the third anchor fin section, wherein the corner of the third anchor fin section is the corner between a side of the third anchor fin section facing the horizontal plane and an outer free side of the third anchor fin section.

18. The refractory anchor according to 17, wherein the vertical spacing between the horizontal plane and the side facing the horizontal plane increases towards the corner of the third anchor fin section.

19. The refractory anchor according to 16, wherein the third anchor fin section is provided with a tab.

20. An assembly of an object and a refractory anchor according to claim 1 which has been welded on the object.

21. The assembly according to claim 20, wherein by using two refractory anchors a closed hexagonal shape is made and/or by using three refractory anchors two closed hexagonal shapes are made and/or by using four refractory anchors three closed hexagonal shapes are made.

22. A method for providing an assembly according to claim 20, wherein the elongated mounting pin of the refractory anchor is connected to the object by stud welding.

23. The method according to claim 22, wherein by using two refractory anchors a closed hexagonal shape is made on the object and/or by using three refractory anchors two closed hexagonal shapes are made on the object and/or by using four refractory anchors three closed hexagonal shapes are made on the object.

Description

[0021] The present invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to the appended figures showing exemplary embodiments of a refractory anchor and exemplary embodiments of an assembly.

[0022] FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of a first embodiment of a refractory anchor,

[0023] FIG. 2 shows a front view of a first embodiment of an assembly comprising the refractory anchor shown in FIG. 1,

[0024] FIG. 3 shows a front view of the refractory anchor shown in FIG. 1,

[0025] FIG. 4 shows a top view of the refractory anchor shown in FIGS. 1 and 3,

[0026] FIG. 5 shows a perspective view of a second embodiment of a refractory anchor,

[0027] FIG. 6 shows a front view of a second embodiment of an assembly comprising the refractory anchor shown in FIG. 5,

[0028] FIG. 7 shows a front view of the refractory anchor shown in FIG. 5,

[0029] FIG. 8 shows a top view of the refractory anchor shown in FIGS. 5 and 7.

[0030] Like parts are indicated by the same reference signs in the various figures.

[0031] Each feature disclosed with reference to the figure can also be combined with another feature disclosed in this disclosure including the claims, unless it is evident for a person skilled in the art that these features are incompatible.

[0032] The two embodiments of the refractory anchor shown in the FIGS. 1-4 and FIGS. 5-8 have a corresponding basis as will be explained hereafter before explaining the differences between the two embodiments.

[0033] FIGS. 1-8 show a refractory anchor 1; 51 comprising an elongated mounting pin 3 having a first end 5 and a second end 7 opposite to the first end 5 seen in the longitudinal direction of the elongated mounting pin 3, wherein the first end 5 of the elongated mounting pin 3 is weldable to an object 10 (see FIGS. 2 and 6).

[0034] The refractory anchor 1; 51 further comprises two anchor fins 11, 13; 61; 63 of which each has a first anchor fin section 12, 14; 62, 64 having a first side 12′, 14′; 62′, 64′ and an opposing second side 12″, 14″; 62″, 64″ located at a distance of the elongated mounting pin 3 with respect to the first side 12′, 14′; 62′, 64′, wherein the first side 12′, 14′; 62′, 64′ is connected to the elongated mounting pin 3 by means of a connector 32; 82. Details of the connector 32; 82 will be discussed below. As can be clearly seen in FIGS. 4 and 8, the two first anchor fin sections 12, 14; 62, 64 are located in one virtual plane. Each anchor fin 11, 13; 61; 63 comprises a second anchor fin section 16, 18; 66, 68 which is connected to the second side 12″, 14″; 62″, 64″ of each first anchor fin section 12, 14; 62, 64. Seen from above the refractory anchor 1; 51, see FIGS. 4 and 8, each second anchor fin section 16, 18; 66, 68 branches off in a V-shaped manner from each first anchor fin section 12, 14; 62, 64, wherein two V-shaped anchor fin branches 20, 21, 22, 23; 70, 71, 72, 73; of each second anchor fin section 16, 18; 66, 68 have substantially the same height Z1a, Z1b; Z2a, Z2b seen in the longitudinal direction of the elongated mounting pin 3. The height Z1a, Z1b; Z2a, Z2b of each anchor fin branch 20, 21, 22, 23; 70, 71, 72, 73 corresponds to or is larger, for example maximally 10% larger, than the height H1 (FIGS. 2 and 4) of the elongated mounting pin 3 seen in the longitudinal direction after installation on the object 10. The angle α (FIGS. 4 and 8) between the two V-shaped anchor fin branches 20, 21, 22, 23; 70, 71, 72, 73 is approximately 120 degrees.

[0035] A first portion of the first side 12′, 14′; 62′, 64′ of each first anchor fin section 12, 14; 62, 64 is connected by the connector 32; 82 to a second end section which is indicated in FIGS. 3 and 7 by arrow A of the elongated mounting pin 3 located adjacent to the second end 7 of the elongated mounting pin 3. The connector 32; 82 comprises a through hole for receiving the second end section A of the elongated mounting pin 3 for providing a connection between the elongated mounting pin 3 and the connector 32; 82. A relatively fast, simple, safe and operator-friendly technique is by providing the connection between the elongated mounting pin 3 and the connector 32; 82 by friction fit, i.e. after positioning the elongated mounting pin 3 into the through hole, the second end 7 of the elongated mounting pin 3 is subjected to pressure such that a second end section A directly located below the second end 7 expands for fixing the second end section A inside the through-hole of the connector 32; 82. Such a connection can be provided in a relatively fast manner and has provided excellent long lasting results, in particular inside high temperature processing vessels/cyclones.

[0036] A second portion of the first side 12′, 14′; 62′, 64′ of each first anchor fin section 12, 14; 62, 64, indicated by arrow B in FIGS. 3 and 7, is not connected to the connector 12, wherein between the second portions B of the first sides 12′, 14′; 62′, 64′ of the first anchor fin sections 12, 14; 62, 64 a space 30; 90 is provided, wherein the space 30; 90 is located above the second end 7 of the elongated mounting pin 3 seen in the longitudinal direction of the elongated mounting pin 3. This space 30; 90 provides stronger refractory anchors in vessels/cyclones in that the refractory anchors provided with these spaces 30; 90 are able to withstand higher temperatures. After installing the refractory anchor 1; 51 and after applying a lining material over the refractory anchor 1; 51, the lining material fills the space 30; 90 and after curing the space 30; 90 is filled with liner. This liner in the space 30; 90 provides in an advantageous manner a temperature buffer as mentioned in the description above. Each second portion B of the first sides 12′, 14′; 62′, 64′ of the first anchor fin sections 12, 14; 62, 64 has a cut-out 12a, 14a; 62a, 64a (FIGS. 3 and 7) for improving the anchoring results of the liner in the space 30; 90. A third portion of the first side 12′, 14′; 62′, 64′ of each first anchor fin section 12, 14; 62, 64, i.e. the first portion is located between the second and third portion of the first side 12′, 14′; 62′, 64′ of each first anchor fin section 12, 14; 62, 64, is also not connected to the connector 12, and there is a distance indicated by arrow R (FIG. 2) between the third portion of each anchor fin 11, 13; 61, 63 facing each other and the elongated mounting pin 3. This distance R improves the flow of the liquid lining material and reduces after installation a direct or relatively short heat path between upper sides of the anchor fins 11, 13; 61, 63 and the end 5 of the elongated mounting pin 3 weldable or welded to object 10, such that a refractory anchor can be provided with an improved configuration to withstand high temperatures on the “hot side” of the refractory anchor 1; 51. After installation, the upper sides of the refractory anchor 1; 51 are facing the “hot side”.

[0037] The elongated mounting pin 7 is advantageously made from a different material than the anchor fins 11, 13; 61, 63 and the connector 32; 82. More specific, the elongated mounting pin 7 is made from a first alloy and the anchor fins 11, 13; 61, 63 and the connector 32; 82 are made of a second alloy different from the first alloy. The first alloy is for example configured for optimal welding results of the elongated mounting pin 3 to an object 10 such as for example a backing plate. The anchor fins 11, 13; 61, 63 and the connector 32; 82 are made of a second alloy different from the first alloy, wherein the second alloy is configured for providing optimal anchoring results of the liner and/or for providing maximum protection against the high temperature and/or abrasive environment of processes occurring inside the vessel/cyclone. The elongated mounting pin 7 is advantageously made of a material configured for stud welding the elongated mounting pin to the object 10, such that the refractory anchor 1; 51 can be stud welded, preferably drawn arc stud welded, to the object 10.

[0038] Each anchor fin branch 20, 21, 22, 23; 70, 71, 72, 73 is provided with at least one tab 20a, 21a, 22a, 23a; 70a, 71a, 72a, 73a (FIGS. 4 and 8) to further improve the anchoring effect of the refractory anchor 1; 51. Each tab 20a, 21a, 22a, 23a; 70a, 71a, 72a, 73a has an acute angle with the anchor fin branch 20, 21, 22, 23; 70, 71, 72, 73, for example between 50-70 degrees. The tabs 20a, 21a, 22a, 23a; 70a, 71a, 72a, 73a are provided in the anchor fin branches 20, 21, 22, 23; 70, 71, 72, 73 in such a manner that the tabs 20a, 21a, 22a, 23a; 70a, 71a, 72a, 73a have the acute angle with the anchor fin branch 20, 21, 22, 23; 70, 71, 72, 73, wherein in the anchor fin branch a through hole is provided. This through hole may have the same shape as the tab as shown in the figures, i.e. each tab and each associated through hole have a U-shape. This through hole is positioned in the anchor fin branches 20, 21, 22, 23; 70, 71, 72, 73 between the side of the anchor fin branches 20, 21, 22, 23; 70, 71, 72, 73 connected to the first anchor fin section 12, 14; 62′, 64′ and a free end side of the anchor fin branches 20, 21, 22 or a side of the anchor fin branches 23; 70, 71, 72, 73 connected to a third anchor fin section 41; 91a-d.

[0039] The refractory anchor 1; 51 only comprises two anchor fins 11, 13; 61, 63, wherein the two Y-shapes (FIGS. 4 and 8) on opposing sides to the elongated mounting pin 3 of the refractory anchor 1; 51 mimic two half-hexagonal shapes. These two half-hexagonal shapes provide a refractory anchor with long lasting and excellent liner anchoring results, such that it becomes possible by using only two refractory anchors to make a closed hexagonal shape in a manner comparable with the (template) pattern as shown in FIG. 6 of US2016/00471224, but with the difference that by means of the refractory anchor 1; 51 disclosed in this document, less refractory anchors are required for providing a closed hexagonal shape.

[0040] In addition, each refractory anchor 1; 51 comprises at least one third anchor fin section 41; 91a-d extending parallel to the first anchor fin section 12, 14; 62, 64. By means of the third anchor fin sections 41; 91a-d, it is possible by using four refractory anchors 1; 51 to make three closed hexagonal shapes.

[0041] As the dimensions of the refractory anchors 1; 51 comprising the third anchor fin sections 41; 91a-d are relatively large, in particular the distance between the center line of the elongated mounting pin 3 and an outer free side 41a, 91a′-d′ of a third anchor fin section 41; 91a-d, the third anchor fin section 41; 91a-d may have a so called raised tip design, such that seen from a virtual horizontal plane (for example the object 10 in FIGS. 2 and 6) around the first end 5 of the elongated mounting pin 3, the largest vertical spacing V1; V2 between the horizontal plane 10 and the third anchor fin section 41; 91a-d is provided by the distance between the horizontal plane 10 and a corner 43; 93a-d of the third anchor fin section 41; 91a-d, wherein the corner 43; 93a-d of the third anchor fin section 41; 91a-d is the corner between a side 44, 94a-d of the third anchor fin section 41; 91a-d facing the horizontal plane 10 and an outer free side 41a, 91a′-d′ of the third anchor fin section 41; 91a-d. The vertical spacing between the horizontal plane 10 and the side 44, 94a-d of the third anchor fin section 41; 91a-d facing the horizontal plane 10 may increase towards the corner 43; 93a-d of the third anchor fin section 41; 91a-d, for example by only one slope like in the sides 94a-d (FIG. 6) or with a number of slopes having different inclination angles like in the side 44 (FIG. 2). The raised tip design improves the flow of the lining material, i.e. refractory cement, between the anchor fins 11, 13; 61, 63 and the object 10 to which the refractory anchor 1; 51 has been welded. Further, it is noted that the anchor fins 11, 13; 61, 63 also have a minimal horizontal spacing V3 as shown in FIG. 2 between the a virtual horizontal plane (for example the object 10 in FIGS. 2 and 6) around the first end 5 of the elongated mounting pin 3 and the underside of the second anchor fin section 16, 18; 66, 68 which is smaller than spacing V1/V2. In the refractory anchor 1, 51 the mounting pin 3 is arranged with respect to the anchor fins 11, 13; 61, 63 to provide this minimal vertical height/spacing V3. This minimal vertical height/spacing V3 of the refractory anchor 1, 51 is important during installation of an assembly 50; 100 as shown in FIGS. 4 and 6 to guarantee that lining material in liquid form is free to flow under the anchor fins 11, 13; 61, 63 to obtain excellent lining results. This flow is further improved in the refractory anchor 1, 51 by the raised tip design as mentioned above. Further, the upper side of third anchor fin section 41; 91a-d, i.e. the side opposite to the side 44, 94a-d of the third anchor fin section 41; 91a-d facing the horizontal plane 10, is flush with the upper side of the anchor fin branch 20, 21, 22, 23; 70, 71, 72, 73 and flush with the upper side of the first anchor fin section 12, 14; 62, 64.

[0042] The outer free side 41a, 91a′-d′ of a third anchor fin section 41; 91a-d has a smaller height than the height Z1a, Z1b; Z2a, Z2b of the second anchor fin sections 16, 18; 66, 68. Further, between the corners (including corner 43; 93a-d) of the outer free side 41a, 91a′-d′ of the third anchor fin section 41; 91a-d, the outer free side 41a, 91a′-d′ of the third anchor fin section 41; 91a-d is provided with a cut-out. These cut outs prevent or reduce heat transfer between two adjacent positioned refractory anchors 1; 51. Further, this cut-out may facilitate providing improved anchoring results of the liner.

[0043] After installation of the refractory anchor 1, 51 such that the assembly 50; 100 (FIGS. 2 and 6) is provided, the lower corners of the anchor fins 11, 13; 61, 63, i.e. the corners having a relatively small distance to the object 10 seen in the longitudinal direction of the elongated mounting pin 3, are buried completely and relatively deep in the lining material, i.e. deeper than the upper corners which are approximately flush with the lining material after installation. The lower corners such as corner 43; 93a-d, are rounded, because rounded lower corners of the anchor fins reduce the risks of cracks in the (cured) liner compared to conventional straight corners drastically, because in use the refractory anchor 1; 51 may experience vibrations and as a result of these vibrations sharp corners like the straight corners are able to cut into the cured lining material which may provide cracks/bursts in the liner after a certain period of use.

[0044] The main difference between the refractory anchors 1; 51 is that the refractory anchor 1 comprises only one third anchor fin section 41, whereas in the refractory anchor 51 each second anchor fin section 66, 68 comprises a third anchor fin section 91a-d, such that the refractory anchor 51 comprises four third anchor fin sections 91a-d. The anchor fins 61, 63 of the refractory anchor 51 are mirror symmetrical with respect to a plane through the center line of the elongated mounting pin 3 and perpendicular to the virtual plane in which the two first anchor fin sections 62, 64 of the refractory anchor extend. In the embodiment of the refractory anchor 51 shown in the figures, the tabs 70a, 71a, 72a, 73a of the refractory anchor 51 have an asymmetrical configuration with respect to each other, although a symmetrical configuration (not shown) is also be possible. By means of this configuration of the refractory anchor 51, including the four third anchor fin section 91a-d, it is possible by using five refractory anchors 51 to make four closed hexagonal shapes. In the refractory anchor 1 the only third anchor fin section 41 is connected to the anchor fin branch 23 of second anchor fin 18 of the anchor fin 13, whereas anchor fin 11 does not have a third anchor fin section.

[0045] A further difference is that the third anchor fin section 41 of the refractory anchor 1 comprises a tab 23e having an acute angle with the third anchor fin section 41, for example between 50-70 degrees, whereas the third anchor fin sections 91a-d of the refractory anchor 51 are provided without a tab. In addition, the tabs 20a, 21a, 22a, 23a; 70a, 71a, 72a, 73a provided in the anchor fin branch 20, 21, 22, 23; 70, 71, 72, 73 may have a different configuration in at least one anchor fin 11; 61 as for example shown in the FIGS. 4 and 6.

[0046] The connectors 32; 82 also have a different configuration, in that the connector 32 is provided with a tab-like projection 32a extending perpendicular to the virtual plane in which the two first anchor fin sections 12, 14 of the refractory anchor 1 extend.

[0047] The longest dimension L1 (FIG. 2) of the refractory anchor 1 is smaller than 30 cm for example approximately 10 cm. The longest dimension L2 (FIG. 6) of the refractory anchor 51 is also smaller than 30 cm for example approximately 9 cm. L2 is smaller than L1, because the third anchor fin sections 91a-d of the refractory anchor 51 have a smaller length in the direction indicated by arrow L2 than the third anchor fin section 41 of the refractory anchor 1. Each anchor fin 11, 13 may have a thickness indicated by arrow T (FIGS. 4 and 8) smaller than 1 cm, for example approximately 3 mm. The height indicated by arrow H2a, H2b (FIGS. 2 and 6) of the refractory anchor 1; 51 measured from the object 10 is smaller than 7.5 cm, for example 2.5 cm, wherein the height Z1a, Z1b; Z2a, Z2b of the second anchor fin sections 16, 18; 66, 68 is approximately 2.0 cm. The elongated mounting pin 3 and the anchor fins are configured such that the spacing (height/distance) V1, V2 between the third anchor fin sections 41, 91a-d and the object 10 to which the refractory anchor 1 is welded or is weldable is at least 20% of the total height H2a, H2b of the refractory anchor 1; 51. The spacing (height/distance) V3 between the underside of the second anchor fin section 16, 18; 66, 68 and the object 10 to which the refractory anchor 1; 51 is welded or is weldable is 10-20% of the total height H2a, H2b of the refractory anchor 1; 51. This height/distance V1, V2 improves the flow capacity of the lining material such that the quality of the cured liner can be improved, in that cavities in the lining material to be cured can be prevented or at least be reduced during installation of the refractory lining material.

[0048] As shown in the drawings the elongated mounting 3 has a cylindrical shape. However, different shaped pins having corners for forming a pin having a polygonal cross-section can also be used, for example a plate shaped pin. The diameter indicated by arrow D (FIGS. 4 and 8) of the elongated mounting 3 is smaller than 2.5 cm, for example 1 cm.