A COLD WORKING APPARATUS AND A METHOD FOR COLD WORKING A BLANK

Abstract

A cold working apparatus (102; 202) for forming a blank (104), the cold working apparatus (102; 202) comprising a first die (106; 206) and a second die (108), wherein the first die (106; 206) has at least one die cavity (110; 210), and the second die (108) has at least one die protrusion (112), wherein the cold working apparatus (102; 202) is configured to, by means of the first and second dies (106, 108; 206, 108), press form the blank (104) placed between the first and second dies (106, 108; 206, 108). At least one of the first and second dies (106, 108; 206, 108) has a draw radius (116; 216), wherein a member (118; 218) is attached to a die (106; 206) which has a draw radius (116; 216). At least a portion (119; 219) of the member (118; 218) is positioned adjacent to or on the draw radius (116; 216). The member (118; 218) defines a first press forming surface (120; 220), and the die (106; 206) holding the member (118; 218) defines a second press forming surface (122; 222) outside the first press forming surface (120; 220). The member (118; 218) and the die (106; 206), which holds the member (118; 218), are configured such that during the same press forming, a first friction arises between the blank (104) and the first press forming surface (120; 220) when the blank (104) is in contact with the member (118; 218) and a second friction arises between the blank (104) and the second press forming surface (122; 222) when the blank (104) is in contact with the die (106; 206) which holds the member (118; 218), the first friction being lower than the second friction. A method for cold working a blank (104)

Claims

1. A cold working apparatus for forming a blank, the cold working apparatus comprising a first die and a second die, wherein the first die has at least one die cavity, and the second die has at least one die protrusion, the die protrusion of the second die being complementary to the die cavity of the first die, wherein the cold working apparatus is configured to, by means of the first and second dies, press form the blank placed between the first and second dies, wherein at least one of the first and second dies has a draw radius, wherein a member is attached to a die which has a draw radius, at least a portion of the member being positioned adjacent to or on the draw radius, wherein the member defines a first press forming surface, and the die holding the member defines a second press forming surface outside the first press forming surface, wherein the member and the die, which holds the member, are configured such that during the same press forming, a first friction arises between the blank and the first press forming surface when the blank is in contact with the member and a second friction arises between the blank and the second press forming surface when the blank is in contact with the die which holds the member, the first friction being lower than the second friction.

2. A cold working apparatus according to claim 1, wherein at least a portion of the member is positioned on the draw radius.

3. A cold working apparatus according to claim 1, wherein at least a portion of the member surrounds the die cavity or the die protrusion.

4. A cold working apparatus according to claim 1, wherein at least a portion of the member is positioned outside the die cavity or the die protrusion.

5. A cold working apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the member is provided as a coating applied to a die which has a draw radius.

6. A cold working apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the member is provided as a liquid applied to a die, which has a draw radius, and is subsequently cured.

7. A cold working apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the member comprises an adhesive tape having a first surface and a second surface, wherein the first surface of the adhesive tape forms the first form pressing surface of the member, and the second surface of the adhesive tape is provided with at least one adhesive substance, and wherein the second surface of the adhesive tape is attached to a die, which has a draw radius, by means of the at least one adhesive substance.

8. A cold working apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a die, which has a draw radius, is provided with at least one recess holding the member.

9. A cold working apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the member is resilient.

10. A cold working apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first die has a draw radius, and in that the member is attached to the first die.

11. A cold working apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the member is a polymer member.

12. A cold working apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the polymer member is made of an elastomer or a mixture of elastomers.

13. A cold working apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the polymer member is at least partly made of polyimide.

14. A cold working apparatus according to claim 1, wherein one of the first and second dies is an upper die placed above the other die, which is a lower die, at least one of the first and second dies is essentially vertically movable in relation to the other die, and the essentially vertically movable die is configured to move essentially vertically towards the other die for press forming the blank.

15. A method for cold working a blank, the method comprising the steps of: placing the blank between a first die and a second die, wherein the first die has at least one die cavity, and the second die has at least one die protrusion, the die protrusion of the second die being complementary to the die cavity of the first die, wherein at least one of the first and second dies has a draw radius, wherein a member is attached to a die that has a draw radius, at least a portion of the member being positioned adjacent to or on the draw radius, wherein the member defines a first press forming surface, and the die holding the member defines a second press forming surface outside the first press forming surface; and press forming the blank placed between the first and second dies by means of the first and second dies, wherein during the same press forming, a first friction arises between the blank and the first press forming surface when the blank is in contact with the member and a second friction arises between the blank and the second press forming surface when the blank is in contact with the die that holds the member, the first friction being lower than the second friction.

16. A method for cold working a blank according to claim 15, wherein one of the first and second dies is an upper die placed above the other die, which is a lower die, and at least one of the first and second dies is essentially vertically moved towards the other die for press forming the blank.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Aspects of the present invention will now be described, for exemplary purposes, in more detail by way of embodiments and with reference to the enclosed drawings, in which:

[0030] FIG. 1 is a schematic side view of first embodiments of the cold working apparatus according to the first aspect;

[0031] FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of the first die of the apparatus of FIG. 1;

[0032] FIG. 3 is a schematic side view of a second embodiment of the cold working apparatus according to the first aspect;

[0033] FIG. 4 is a schematic top view of the first die of the apparatus of FIG. 3; and

[0034] FIG. 5 is a flow chart illustrating embodiments of the method according to the second aspect of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] With reference to FIGS. 1 and 2, a cold working apparatus 102 for forming a blank 104 is provided. The blank 104 may comprise or consist of a metal or a metal alloy. The blank 104 may comprise or consist of aluminium or a metal alloy including aluminium. The blank 104 may be a sheet of a material, for example a sheet comprising or consisting of a metal or a metal alloy. The cold working apparatus 102 includes a first die 106 and a second die 108. The first die 106 has at least one die cavity 110, which is surrounded by the remainder of the first die 106. The second die 108 has at least one die protrusion 112. The die protrusion 112 of the second die 108 is complementary to the die cavity 110 of the first die 106. The first die 106 may be called a female die, and the second die 108 can be called a male die. Each of the first and second dies 106, 108 may comprise or consist of a metal or a metal alloy. In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, one of the first and second dies 106, 108 is an upper die 108 placed above the other die 106, which is a lower die 106. At least one of the first and second dies 106, 108 is essentially vertically movable in an essentially vertical direction 114 in relation to the other die 106, 108. The essentially vertically movable die 106, 108 is configured to move essentially vertically towards the other die 106, 108 for press forming the blank 104. The first die 106 can be a lower die 106, or an upper die, in relation to the second die 108. The second die 108 can be an upper die 108, or a lower die, in relation to the first die 106. In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the first die 106 is a lower die 106, and the second die 108 is an upper die 108. However, other positions of the first and second dies 106, 108 are possible.

[0036] With reference to FIGS. 1 and 2, the cold working apparatus 102 is configured to, by means of the first and second dies 106, 108, press form the blank 104 placed between the first and second dies 106, 108. At least one of the first and second dies 106, 108 has a draw radius 116, or defines or presents a draw radius 116. In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, at least the first die 106 has a draw radius 116. The draw radius 116 may be adjacent to the die cavity 110 of the first die 106. When the second die 108, i.e. the male die, has a draw radius, the draw radius may be adjacent to the die protrusion 112 of the second die 108.

[0037] The apparatus 102 includes a member 118 attached to a die 106 which has a draw radius 116. The apparatus 102 could include a plurality of members 118 attached to a die 106. Thus, in the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the member 118 is attached to the first die 106. At least a portion 119 of the member 118 is positioned adjacent to or on the draw radius 116. The member 118 defines a first press forming surface 120. The die 106 holding the member 118, in the present case the first die 106, defines a second press forming surface 122 outside the first press forming surface 120. The area of the first press forming surface 120 may be less than 25% of the area of the second press forming surface 122, for example less than 10% of the area of the second press forming surface 122.

[0038] The member 118 and the die 106, which holds the member 118, are configured such that during the same press forming, a first friction arises, or is present, between the blank 104 and the first press forming surface 120 when the blank 104 is in contact with, and possibly moves in relation to, the member 118 and a second friction arises between the blank 104 and the second press forming surface 122 when the blank 104 is in contact with, and possibly moves in relation to, the die 106 which holds the member 118. As mentioned above, in the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the first die 106 holds the member 118. The first friction, i.e. the friction between the blank 104 and the first press forming surface 120, is lower than the second friction, i.e. the friction between the blank 104 and the second press forming surface 122.

[0039] Friction is the force resisting the relative motion of solid surfaces, fluid layers, and material elements sliding against each other. Dry friction is a force that opposes the relative lateral motion of two solid surfaces in contact, i.e. the blank 104 and the first press forming surface 120, or the blank 104 and the second press forming surface 122 with regard to the solution described in this disclosure. Dry friction may be subdivided into static friction (“stiction”) between non-moving surfaces, and kinetic friction between moving surfaces. Said first friction is reduced in relation to said second friction, i.e. the first friction is lower than the second friction. The coefficient of friction, COF, of the first press forming surface 120 is lower than the COF of the second press forming surface 122, which is valid for both static friction and kinetic/sliding friction. The first friction may be at least 10% lower, for example at least 30% lower, or at least 50% lower, than the second friction. For example, the COF of the first press forming surface 120 may be at least 10% lower, for example at least 30% lower, or at least 50% lower, than the COF of the second press forming surface 122. The member 130 may be called a friction-reducing member 130.

[0040] The member 118 is advantageously elongated. The material of the member 118, or the material of the first press forming surface 120, may be different from the material of the die 106 holding the member 118, or different from the material of the second press forming surface 122. Each of the first and second press forming surfaces 120, 122 may be provided with a structure or a pattern. The structure or pattern may include grooves and/or bars. The structure or pattern of the first press forming surface 120 may be different from the structure or pattern of the second press forming surface 122. The member 118 may be adjacent to die cavity 110 of the first die 106. If the second die 108 were holding a member, the member may be adjacent to the die protrusion 112. Both the first and second dies 106, 108 could hold its own member 118 or members 118. The member 118 may be a polymer member 118. The polymer member 118 may be made of an elastomer or a mixture of elastomers. Advantageously, the polymer member 118 is at least partly made of polyimide. The entire member 118 may be made of polyimide.

[0041] With reference to FIG. 2, at least a portion of the member 118 or the entire member 118 surrounds the die cavity 110 of the first die 106. If the second die 108 were holding a member 188, the member 118 could surround the die protrusion 112 of the second die 108. At least a portion of the member 118 is positioned outside the die cavity 110 of the first die 106. If the second die 108 were holding a member 188, at least a portion of the member 118 could be positioned outside the die protrusion 112 of the second die 108.

[0042] With reference to the first embodiments of FIGS. 1 and 2, the member 118 may be provided as a coating applied to the die 106 that has a draw radius 116, for example to the first die 106. Alternatively, the member 118 may be provided as a liquid applied to the die 106 that has a draw radius 116 and may subsequently be cured. Alternatively, the member 118 may comprise an adhesive tape having a first surface 120 and a second surface 124. The first surface 120 of the adhesive tape forms the first form pressing surface 120 of the member 118, and the second surface 124 of the tape is provided with at least one adhesive substance. The second surface 124 of the tape is attached to the die 106, which has a draw radius 116, i.e. the first die 106 in the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, by means of the at least one adhesive substance.

[0043] With reference to FIGS. 3 and 4, a second embodiment of the apparatus 202 is illustrated. In most parts, the apparatus 202 of the second embodiment of FIGS. 3 and 4 corresponds to the apparatus 102 of the first embodiments of FIGS. 1 and 2. The difference is that the die 206, for example the first die 206 with the die cavity 210, which has a draw radius 216, is provided with at least one recess 226 or groove holding the member 218. At least a portion 219 of the member 218 is positioned adjacent to or on the draw radius 216. The member 218 may essentially correspond to the member 118 of FIGS. 1 and 2. For example, the member 218 also defines a first press forming surface 220. However, the member 218 of FIGS. 3 and 4 is resilient or flexible, such that before cold working the first press forming surface 220 of the member 218 is slightly elevated above the second press forming surface 222 of the first die 206, the second press forming surface 222 being outside the first press forming surface 220. When the blank 104 is pressed by the first and second dies 206, 108 the resilient member 218 is compressed and the first press forming surface 220 of the member 218 is thus moved towards the same level as the second press forming surface 222 of the first die 206. Otherwise, the features of the apparatus 202 of the second embodiment of FIGS. 3 and 4 correspond to the features of the apparatus 102 of first embodiments of FIGS. 1 and 2 and are thus not repeated here. For example, the second die 108 of the apparatus 202 of the second embodiment of FIGS. 3 and 4 corresponds to the second die 108 of the apparatus of the first embodiments of FIGS. 1 and 2.

[0044] With reference to FIG. 5, a flow chart illustrates embodiments of the method for cold working a blank 104 according to the second aspect of the present invention. The method includes the steps of: [0045] Placing 301 the blank 104 between a first die 106 and a second die 108, wherein the first die 106 has at least one die cavity 110, and the second die 108 has at least one die protrusion 112, the die protrusion 112 of the second die 108 being complementary to the die cavity 110 of the first die 106, wherein at least one of the first and second dies 106, 108 has a draw radius 116, wherein a member 118 is attached to a die 106 that has a draw radius 116, at least a portion 119 of the member 118 being positioned adjacent to or on the draw radius 116, wherein the member 118 defines a first press forming surface 120, and the die 106 holding the member 118 defines a second press forming surface 122 outside the first press forming surface 120; and [0046] Press forming 302 the blank 104 placed between the first and second dies 106, 108 by means of the first and second dies 106, 108, wherein during the same press forming, a first friction arises between the blank 104 and the first press forming surface 120 when the blank 104 is in contact with, and possibly moved in relation to, the member 118 and a second friction arises between the blank 104 and the second press forming surface 122 when the blank 104 is in contact with, and possibly moved in relation to, the die 106 that holds the member 118, the first friction being lower than the second friction.

[0047] The step of press forming 302 may include, when one of the first and second dies 106, 108 is an upper die 108 placed above the other die 106, which is a lower die 106, essentially vertically moving at least one 106, 108 of the first and second dies 106, 108 towards the other die 106, 108 for press forming the blank 104. The step of placing 301 the blank 104 between the first die 106 and the second die 108 may be performed by moving the blank 104 in relation the first and/or second die 106, 108, for example by lateral movement of the blank 104, or by moving the first and/or second die 104, 106 in relation to the blank 104, for example by lateral movement of the first and/or second die 104, 106.

[0048] The features of the different embodiments of the apparatus and method disclosed above may be combined in various possible ways providing further advantageous embodiments. The invention shall not be considered limited to the embodiments illustrated, but can be modified and altered in many ways by one skilled in the art, without departing from the scope of the appended claims.