DENTAL IMPLANT, PROCESS OF OBTENTION AND USES THEREOF

Abstract

A dental implant supported on the cortical bone is implanted in the socket from which the tooth was extracted, if this hole still exists, or in the remaining socket when the tooth was extracted some time before, or alternatively in a hole made for placement of the implant, at cortical bone level, and externally, between the cortical bone and the gingiva, slightly embracing the mandible and the maxilla.

In one embodiment, in order to enhance the fixation and implant lifetime vascularization, the implant of the present disclosure for fitting in an intraosseous zone of a dental socket includes a plurality of raised platforms with a flat top such that said tops form an external surface of the implant for contacting with the intraosseous zone and the spaces between said platforms form a network of channels for revascularisation fluid flow with capillarity properties.

Claims

1. A dental implant for fitting in an intraosseous zone of a dental socket, comprising: a plurality of raised platforms each with a flat top such that said tops form an external surface of the implant for contacting with an intraosseous zone and spaces between said platforms form a network of channels for revascularisation fluid flow.

2. The dental implant according to claim 1, wherein said external surface is a flat surface elevated from the implant.

3. The dental implant according to claim 1, wherein the platforms comprise lateral concave surfaces.

4. The dental implant according to claim 1, wherein the platforms have a ‘T’ or ‘V’-shaped cross-section.

5. The dental implant according to claim 1, wherein the platforms have a flat top area that is shaped as a triangle, square, rhombus, hexagon, or combinations thereof.

6. The dental implant according to claim 1, wherein the platforms have a central elevation crowned by a flat top comprising two tabs extending in two opposite directions.

7. The dental implant according to claim 1, wherein the spaces between and below said platforms form a network of channels for revascularisation fluid flow.

8. The dental implant according to claim 6, wherein each said tab has a top surface shape selected from the group consisting of: triangular, square, rhombus, hexagon, and combinations thereof.

9. The dental implant according to claim 1, claims wherein the channels have a round, oval or rectangular cross-section.

10. The dental implant according to claim 1, wherein the network of channels is a mesh of interconnected channels.

11. The dental implant according to claim 1, wherein the space between said platforms is between 0.025-0.4 mm and wherein the length of platforms varies between 0.1-1.6 mm.

12. The dental implant according to claim 1, wherein the height of the channels varies between 0.05-0.8 mm and wherein the width of cross-section of the channels varies between 0.05-0.8 mm.

13. (canceled)

14. (canceled)

15. The dental implant according to claim 1, further comprising an upper part wherein the upper part comprises at least two flaps and wherein said flaps include holes for housing fastening means.

16. The dental implant according to claim 1, wherein the external surface of the flaps comprises network of channels for revascularisation fluid flow.

17. (canceled)

18. (canceled)

19. The dental implant according to claim 1, further comprising a lower part of the implant has conical, frustoconical, frusto-cylindrical shape.

20. (canceled)

21. The dental implant according to claim 1, wherein the implant comprises a post for securing the crown.

22. The dental implant according to claim 1, wherein the implant comprises a pillar and a crown.

23. The dental implant according to claim 1, further comprising a plurality of recesses, protuberances, or both recesses and protuberances configured to receive expandable components,.

24. (canceled)

25. (canceled)

26. (canceled)

27. The dental implant according to claim 1, wherein the expandable components are of a shape memory material.

28. (canceled)

29. (canceled)

30. (canceled)

31. The dental implant according to claim 1, wherein the implant material is selected from the group consisting of: metal material, metal alloy, metal matrix composite, ceramic, ceramic composite, polymer, polymeric composite, and mixtures thereof.

32. (canceled)

33. (canceled)

34. (canceled)

35. (Canceled)

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0074] The following figures provide preferred embodiments for illustrating the disclosure and should not be seen as limiting the scope of invention.

[0075] FIG. 1—Represents an embodiment of an implant entering a hole performed on the cortical bone. The implant can be made with a single body (c), which already contain the intra-osseous zone and the area of the abutment and the crown, or be made in two parts (b), the implant, which enters the cortical bone and already contains the abutment, on the which part will be mounted, the crown, or else be made in three main parts (a), the implant, which enters the cortical bone and has a hole at its top, where it will be screwed the other part, the abutment, and on which another part, the crown, will be mounted.

[0076] FIG. 2—Represents an embodiment of an implant entering the bore socket left by the newly extracted tooth. The implant can be made with a single body (c), which already contains the intraosseous zone and the zone of the pillar and crown, or be made in two main parts (b), the implant, which enters the cortical bone and already contains the pillar, on which will be mounted another part, the crown, or even be made in three parts (a), the implant that enters the cortical bone and that has a hole in its top, where another part, the pillar, will be mounted, and on which another part, the crown, shall be mounted.

[0077] FIG. 3—Represents an embodiment of an implant with flaps (1) with the central part portion (2) to anchor in a hole made in the cortical bone, and with an internal threaded hole (3), at its top, where the abutment will be screwed, where the flaps show holes (4) for insertion of the screws (5), and grooves or holes (6) for the rings or cylinders or hooks with shape memory (14) (16), and further a cellular structure (7).

[0078] FIG. 4 represents an embodiment of an implant with the central portion (2) anchored in the hole made in the cortical bone (8), with an internal threaded hole (3), at its top, where the pillar (9) is screwed onto, and on which the crown (10) will be mounted. The flaps have several holes (4) for entry of the screws (5) (FIG. 3).

[0079] FIG. 5—Represents an embodiment of a single piece implant or integrated implant (12), anchored in the cortical bone constituting the socket of the newly extracted tooth (a) or tooth extracted some months or years before (b), with the flaps (1) and the screws (5) and their holes (4) through which the screws pass.

[0080] FIG. 6—Represents an embodiment of an integrated implant (12) with the flaps (1), the holes for the screws (4), the screws (5), and the holes (13) where the small cylinders or hooks (14), with shape memory material, will enter, or the grooves (15) where the rings (16), with shape memory material, will enter.

[0081] FIG. 7—An embodiment represents an integrated or one-piece implant wherein the surface thereof, in contact with the bone, has a cellular surface/mesh network surface(7), with mesh of channels (17) for improved vascularization along the surface of the implant, and platforms (18) for connection to the cortical bone.

[0082] FIG. 8—An embodiment of the dental implant of the present disclosure represents an integrated or one-piece implant wherein the surface thereof, in contact with the bone (8), has a cell surface (7), where the surface (a) is composed by interconnected channels (17) and platforms (or plateaux) (18) and interconnected network of channels (b)(19) inside which bone does not grow and the fluid may freely flow, with capillarity properties, and representative dimensions/geometries (c)(d) of said network of channels, platforms, and the space between space between platforms and the network of channels, with representative dimensions: 0.025 mm<A(space between platforms and the network of channels)>0.4 mm; B(network of channels width)>2*A; c(network of channels thickness<2*A), with different possible geometries, and the bone (e)(8) in contact with the platforms (e)(18) and, when under chewing forces (f)(20) the platform flaps deform (f)(21) inducing fluid flow (f)(22) inside the network of channels, thus promoting adequate vascularization along the whole implant-bone contact surface and over the implant life.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0083] The dental implant of the present disclosure is arranged to be fixed to the cortical bone and contains a cellular structured surface formed by elevated platforms forming a mesh network of under-channels between the platforms for improved implant lifetime vascularization.

[0084] In one embodiment, in order to enhance the fixation and implant lifetime vascularization, the implant of the present disclosure for fitting in an intraosseous zone of a dental socket comprising plurality of raised platforms with a flat top such that said tops form an external surface of the implant for contacting with the intraosseous zone and the spaces between said platforms form a network of channels for revascularisation fluid flow, surprisingly with capillarity properties.

[0085] In an embodiment, the network channels structure provides vascularization, which further have capillarity properties, over the entire implant surface in contact with bone, over the entire lifetime of the implant.

[0086] In an embodiment, plurality of raised platforms with a flat top may deform due to chewing forces.

[0087] The present disclosure describes a dental implant, which if supported on the cortical bone, and which may be subject to immediate loading. In particular, the implant will be implanted in the socket from which the tooth was extracted, if this hole still exists, or in the remaining socket when the tooth was extracted some time before, or alternatively in a hole made for placement of the implant, at cortical bone level, and externally, between the cortical bone and the gingiva, slightly embracing the mandible and the maxilla.

[0088] The present disclosure describes a dental implant that may be subject to immediate loading because it is firmly anchored in an area of cortical bone quite substantial.

[0089] The present disclosure describes a dental implant, which is anchored on the cortical bone, and which may be subject to immediate loading. In particular, the implant will be implanted in the socket from which the tooth was extracted, if this hole still exists, or alternatively in the remaining socket of a previous extracted tooth, or also in a hole made for placement of the implant, at the level of the cortical bone, and externally, between the cortical bone and the gingiva, slightly around the mandible and maxilla.

[0090] In one embodiment, in order to enhance the fixation, the implant may comprise screws that fasten to the maxilla/mandible the outside of the implant, and rings or parts that will fix the implantable part, that is, the part of the implant that enters the socket of the extracted tooth or in the hole made in the cortical bone, and includes an interface region of the implant with the bone having a cellular structure (7) that will allow and accelerate bone integration, including vascularization, additionally with capillarity properties, along the entire surface of the implant and over the entire implant life.

[0091] In one embodiment, according to FIGS. 4 and 5, it is possible to see that the flap (1) of the implant is supported on the cortical bone, hugging it. In addition, if there is no socket resulting from extraction of the tooth (FIG. 1). the implant has a zone (2) that will enter a hole to be made in the cortical bone, there firmly attached (FIG. 4). In addition, there are several holes (4) in the flap where small screws (5) will attach to the cortical bone.

[0092] In one embodiment, in the case of an extraction followed by implantation the implant may also comprise the equivalent of the tooth root (FIGS. 2, 5, and 6), which will fit in the socket left by the tooth root (FIG. 5), being its geometry the closest possible to the extracted tooth socket. This part, which enters the socket of the root may contain outer rings (16) or small cylinders (14), made of shaped memory material, preferably Nitinol, and which when subjected to temperature will expand and create a strong bond with the cortical bone of the orifice. The rings may be about 0.4 to 2 mm thick and height and have a diameter that may range from 2 to 8 mm, while cylinders may be about 0.4 to 2 mm in diameter and 1 to 3 mm in height, both depending on the geometry of the implant and shall be of NiTi or other metal or alloy, or other material with shape memory effect so that it expands with temperature. Both the rings and the cylinders and the hooks shall be close at intervals equivalent to their own size, to provide a bone contacting surface of at least about 50% of the surface of the implant. This form of fixation, which prevents the implant from rotation to enter the socket or hole, allows the implant to have any geometry, such as the socket geometry of the extracted tooth, which allows it to be perfectly anchored in the cortical bone of the extracted tooth.

[0093] In one embodiment, because of the high rigidity of the fixation, it is possible to apply immediate loading, such as chewing. Three options are provided: the first (FIG. 1a) and FIG. 2a) where the implant contains a hole in its top (see (3) (FIG. 3)) where the abutment will be threaded (see also (9) (FIG. 4)) (simple implant) on which the crown will be mounted; the second (FIG. 1b) and FIG. 2b)) that consists of an implant that already contains the area of the abutment, on which the crown will be mounted; and the third (FIG. 1c) and FIG. 2c)) consisting of an integral implant in a single part, which already includes the abutment and the crown, in a single component.

[0094] In one embodiment, the interface zone of the implant with the bone has a cellular structure (7) that will allow and accelerate bone integration, including proper vascularization, with capillarity properties, over the entire surface of the implant and over the entire lifetime of the implant. In addition to this, the cellular structure will also allow to house bioactive or antibacterial materials which will allow for faster bone integration and healing, in the implant area that will enter the cortical bore, there are holes (13) or semi-circumferential grooves (15) for cylinders or hooks (14) or rings (16), made from a shaped memory material, preferably Nitinol. Rings and cylinders and hooks shall have an external surface with an irregular structure with roughness which allows a strong bond to bone and rapid bone-integration.

[0095] In one embodiment, once the implant is definitively placed, it should be applied temperature in the crown, which will diffuse into the intra-osseous zone. It will expand the cylinders, hooks, or rings, and will promote a contact load link between the implant and the bone. The screws (5) should also be placed on the flaps, and bolted to the cortical bone. The screws may have a length between 1 and 3 mm and a diameter between 0.5 and 2 mm.

[0096] In one embodiment, the flap (1) (FIG. 5) of the implant allows the loads applied to the tooth give rise to stresses that are sufficiently distributed throughout the cortical bone, which will avoid areas of stress concentrations, normally existing on the superior and inferior cortical bone surfaces, in the per-implant region, in the conventional implants, resulting in a marked bone recession over time.

[0097] In one embodiment, the implant body as well as the accessory screws may be made of a metal or metal alloy, or metal matrix composite, based on titanium, or CoCrMo, or stainless steel, or other metal or alloy accepted for medical implants, or by a ceramic such as zirconia, alumina, or other accepted for medical implants, or ceramic compound, or by a polymer such as polyether ether ketone (PEEK), poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), or other polymer accepted in medical implants, or polymeric composite, or mixtures thereof. Preferably it should be ceramic based on zirconia. The other accessories, namely expandable rings and cylinders, should be made of NiTi or other expandable material, accepted for medical implants. They should preferably be of Nitinol.

[0098] In one embodiment, as to the manufacturing process of the implants, and in both cases, the implants will be made according to the anatomy of each patient. Anatomical images of the bone should initially be obtained. With these the implants containing the flap that will embrace the cortical bone, and optionally the abutment and the crown, in the option of the integrated implant, will be manufactured. The manufacturing techniques are conventional, by CNC machining, or by additive/subtractive technologies, including laser ablation, among other conventional technologies.

[0099] The term “comprising” whenever used in this document is intended to indicate the presence of stated features, integers, steps, components, but not to preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, components or groups thereof.

[0100] Furthermore, it is to be understood that the invention encompasses all variations, combinations, and permutations in which one or more limitations, elements, clauses, descriptive terms, etc., from one or more of the claims or from relevant portions of the description is introduced into another claim. For example, any claim that is dependent on another claim can be modified to include one or more limitations found in any other claim that is dependent on the same base claim.

[0101] Where ranges are given, endpoints are included. Furthermore, it is to be understood that unless otherwise indicated or otherwise evident from the context and/or the understanding of one of ordinary skill in the art, values that are expressed as ranges can assume any specific value within the stated ranges in different embodiments of the invention, to the tenth of the unit of the lower limit of the range, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. It is also to be understood that unless otherwise indicated or otherwise evident from the context and/or the understanding of one of ordinary skill in the art, values expressed as ranges can assume any subrange within the given range, wherein the endpoints of the subrange are expressed to the same degree of accuracy as the tenth of the unit of the lower limit of the range.

[0102] The disclosure should not be seen in any way restricted to the embodiments described and a person with ordinary skill in the art will foresee many possibilities to modifications thereof.

[0103] The above described embodiments are combinable.

[0104] The following claims further set out particular embodiments of the disclosure.