OXAZOLINE-MODIFIED POLYPROPYLENE

Abstract

An oxazoline useful for improving mechanical strength of a fiber-reinforced polypropylene composition is provided. The oxazoline-modified polypropylene satisfies the following requirements: (1) the oxazoline-modified polypropylene has an oxazoline group; (1-a) a content of the oxazoline group in 1 g of the oxazoline-modified polypropylene is 0.1×10.sup.−2 to 100×10.sup.−2 mmol/g; and (2) a melt mass flow rate of the oxazoline-modified polypropylene is 0.01 to 300 g/10 min.

Claims

1. Oxazoline-modified polypropylene satisfying the following requirements (1), (1-a), and (2): (1) the oxazoline-modified polypropylene has an oxazoline group; (1-a) a content of the oxazoline group in 1 g of the oxazoline-modified polypropylene is 0.1×10.sup.−2 to 100×10.sup.−2 mmol/g; and (2) a melt mass flow rate of the oxazoline-modified polypropylene is 0.01 to 300 g/10 min.

2. Oxazoline-modified polypropylene produced by a method comprising the following steps of: melting and kneading polypropylene, an organic peroxide, and maleic acid or maleic anhydride to obtain a melt-kneaded product; and adding an oxazoline compound to the obtained melt-kneaded product of the polypropylene, the organic peroxide, and the maleic acid or maleic anhydride to obtain a mixture and melting and kneading the mixture.

3. A method of producing oxazoline-modified polypropylene, the method comprising the following steps of: melting and kneading polypropylene, an organic peroxide, and maleic acid or maleic anhydride to obtain a melt-kneaded product; and adding an oxazoline compound to the obtained melt-kneaded product of the polypropylene, the organic peroxide, and the maleic acid or maleic anhydride to obtain a mixture and melting and kneading the mixture.

4. A polypropylene composition comprising the following (component 1): (component 1) oxazoline-modified polypropylene satisfying the following requirements (1), (1-a), and (2): (1) the oxazoline-modified polypropylene has an oxazoline group; (1-a) a content of the oxazoline group in 1 g of the oxazoline-modified polypropylene is 0.1×10.sup.−2 to 100×10.sup.−2 mmol/g; and (2) a melt mass flow rate of the oxazoline-modified polypropylene is 0.01 to 300 g/10 min.

5. A polypropylene composition comprising the following (component 1): (component 1) oxazoline-modified polypropylene produced by a method including the following steps of: melting and kneading polypropylene, an organic peroxide, and maleic acid or maleic anhydride to obtain a melt-kneaded product; and adding an oxazoline compound to the obtained melt-kneaded product of the polypropylene, the organic peroxide, and the maleic acid or maleic anhydride to obtain a mixture and melting and kneading the mixture.

6. The polypropylene composition according to claim 4, further comprising the following (component 2) and (component 3): (component 2) polypropylene; and (component 3) at least one filler selected from the group consisting of a carbon fiber, a glass fiber, and talc, wherein a content of the (component 1) is 1 to 20 mass %, a content of the (component 2) is 30 to 98 mass %, and a content of the (component 3) is 1 to 50 mass %.

7. The polypropylene composition according to claim 4, further comprising a carbon fiber as a (component 3) filler.

Description

EXAMPLES

[0202] Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples and Comparative Examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

Method of Calculating Bond Component in Surface of Carbon Fiber

Removal of Sizing Agent

[0203] A temperature of an accelerated solvent extractor ASE-200 (manufactured by Nippon Dionex K.K.) was set to 80° C., and then 0.2 g of carbon fiber was placed in an extraction cell container having a volume of 11 ml and installed in the accelerated solvent extractor ASE-200. 11 ml of tetrahydrofuran (manufactured by Kanto Chemical Co., Inc., special grade, containing no stabilizer) was injected to the extraction cell container, and then the pressure in the extraction cell container was pressurized to 1,000 psi and held for 15 minutes. About half of the tetrahydrofuran was expelled through a discharge port of the extraction cell container using nitrogen, tetrahydrofuran was injected again until the amount of tetrahydrofuran in the extraction cell container reached 11 ml, and then the pressure in the extraction cell container was pressurized to 1,000 psi and held for 10 minutes. About half of the tetrahydrofuran was expelled once again through the discharge port of the extraction cell container using nitrogen, tetrahydrofuran was injected again until the amount of tetrahydrofuran in the extraction cell container reached 11 ml, and then the pressure in the extraction cell container was pressurized to 1,000 psi and held for 10 minutes. Thereafter, nitrogen was injected to the extraction cell container for 2 minutes, and the tetrahydrofuran was expelled through the discharge port of the extraction cell container. The carbon fiber was removed from the extraction cell container and vacuum drying was performed at 40° C. for at least 15 hours.

X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) Analysis

[0204] Next, the carbon fiber subjected to the above work was installed in an X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (manufactured by Shimadzu-Kratos Corp., AXIS ULTRA DLD). A monochromatic Al Kα (1,486.6 eV) was used as an X-ray source and used as excitation light. A tube current was set to 10 mA, a tube voltage was set to 15 kV, and a photoelectron take-off angle defined by an angle between a normal direction of the sample and a photoelectron take-off direction was set to 0°, thereby measuring an output. A background of the obtained carbon is spectrum was removed by the Shirley method.

[0205] The carbon is spectrum from which the background was removed was waveform-separated for a peak derived from each of a C—C bond component, a C—N bond component, a C—O bond component, a C═O bond component, and an O—C═O bond component, by using a Gauss-Lorentz complex function in which a ratio of a Lorentz function was set to 30%, according to a method described in Composites: Part A 90 (2016) 653-661 (Bo Gao et al.).

[0206] A spectrum area of each of the C—C bond component, the C—N bond component, the C—O bond component, the C═O bond component, and the O—C═O bond component obtained by the waveform separation was determined, and a ratio of the spectrum area of the C—O bond component and a ratio of a total amount of the spectrum area of the C═O bond component and the spectrum area of the O—C═O bond component with respect to 100% of a total amount of the C—C bond component, the C—N bond component, the C—O bond component, the C═O bond component, and the O—C═O bond component were calculated.

Examples of Oxazoline-Modified Polypropylene

Example M1: Oxazoline-Modified Polypropylene-1

M1-1) Maleic Anhydride-Modified Polypropylene-1

[0207] Maleic anhydride-modified polypropylene-1 was produced using Synthesis Example 2 described in WO 2020/009090 A.

M1-2) Oxazoline-Modified Polypropylene-1

[0208] 100 parts by mass of the maleic anhydride-modified polypropylene-1 synthesized above, 0.46 parts by mass of an oxazoline compound (trade name: CP resin A 1,3-PBO, manufactured by MIKUNI PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIAL CO., LTD.), 0.2 parts by mass of an antioxidant 1 (SUMILIZER GA80, manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd.), and 0.2 parts by mass of an antioxidant 2 (SUMILIZER GP, manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd.) were mixed with each other, and the mixture was melted and kneaded while degassing from a vacuum vent with a twin screw kneader (KZW12TW-60/75 mg-NH, screw diameter: 12 mm, L/D=75, cylinder temperature: 250° C., rotation speed: 300 rpm, discharge: 2 kg/hr, manufactured by TECHNOVEL CORPORATION), thereby obtaining oxazoline-modified polypropylene-1. An MFR (230° C. and load of 2.16 kg) of the obtained oxazoline-modified polypropylene-1 was 152 g/10 min.

Examples M2 to M4: Oxazoline-Modified Polypropylene-2 to Oxazoline-Modified Polypropylene-4

[0209] Oxazoline-modified polypropylene-2 to oxazoline-modified polypropylene-4 of Examples M2 to M4 were produced in the same manner as that of the oxazoline-modified polypropylene-1, except that the materials shown in Table 1 were used.

TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Mixing amount of oxazoline compound in production of oxazoline-modified polypropylenes-1 to 4 Oxazoline- Oxazoline- Oxazoline- Oxazoline- modified modified modified modified polyprop- polyprop- polyprop- polyprop- ylene-1 ylene-2 ylene-3 ylene-4 Maleic 100 100 100 100 anhydride- modified poly- propylene-1 Oxazoline 0.46 1.4 2.3 3.2 Compound

Examples M5 to M7: Oxazoline-Modified Polypropylene-5 to Oxazoline-Modified Polypropylene-7

[0210] Oxazoline-modified polypropylene-5 to oxazoline-modified polypropylene-7 of Examples M5 to M7 were produced in the same manner as that of the oxazoline-modified polypropylene-1, except that the materials shown in Table 2 were used.

[0211] The following maleic anhydride-modified polypropylene was used for the maleic anhydride-modified polypropylene-2.

[0212] Maleic anhydride-modified polypropylene-2: Bondyram 1001 manufactured by Polyram Plastic Industries Ltd.

[0213] MFR (230° C. and load of 21.2 N): 315 g/10 min

TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Mixing amount of oxazoline compound in production of oxazoline-modified polypropylenes-5 to 7 Oxazoline- Oxazoline- Oxazoline- modified modified modified polypropylene- polypropylene- polypropylene- 5 6 7 Maleic anhydride- 100 100 100 modified polypropylene-2 Oxazoline 0.46 0.76 1.39 Compound

Comparative Example M8: Oxazoline-Modified Polypropylene-8

[0214] 100 parts by mass of maleic anhydride-modified polypropylene-3, 2.35 parts by mass of an oxazoline compound (trade name: CP resin A 1,3-PBO, manufactured by MIKUNI PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIAL CO., LTD.), 0.2 parts by mass of an antioxidant 1 (SUMILIZER GA80, manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd.), and 0.2 parts by mass of an antioxidant 2 (SUMILIZER GP, manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd.) were mixed with each other, and the mixture was melted and kneaded while degassing from a vacuum vent with a twin screw kneader (KZW12TW-60/75 mg-NH, screw diameter: 12 mm, L/D=75, cylinder temperature: 200° C., rotation speed: 300 rpm, discharge: 1.5 kg/hr, manufactured by TECHNOVEL CORPORATION), thereby obtaining oxazoline-modified polypropylene-8. An MFR (230° C. and load of 2.16 kg) of the obtained oxazoline-modified polypropylene-8 was 648 g/10 min.

[0215] The following maleic anhydride-modified polypropylene was used for the maleic anhydride-modified polypropylene-3.

[0216] Maleic anhydride-modified polypropylene-3: UMEX 1010, manufactured by Sanyo Chemical Industries, Ltd.

TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Mixing amount of oxazoline compound in production of oxazoline-modified polypropylene-8 Oxazoline-modified polypropylene-8 Maleic anhydride- 100 modified polypropylene-3 Oxazoline Compound 2.35

[0217] Relationship between Standardized Absorbance Derived from Oxazoline Group and Content of Oxazoline Group in Oxazoline-Containing Polypropylene Homopolymer

[0218] An oxazoline compound (trade name: CP resin A 1,3-PBO, manufactured by MIKUNI PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIAL CO., LTD.) and a polypropylene homopolymer 1 (NOBLEN HR100EG, manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd.) were melted and kneaded using a kneader (LABO PLASTOMILL, manufactured by TOYO SEIKI Co., Ltd.). A plurality of oxazoline-containing polypropylene homopolymers were obtained by changing a mixing ratio of the oxazoline compound to the polypropylene homopolymer 1. A content of the oxazoline group in the oxazoline-containing polypropylene homopolymer was calculated from a content of the oxazoline compound in the obtained oxazoline-containing polypropylene homopolymer. Next, the obtained sample was preheated at 210° C. for 5 minutes, and a pressure of 5 MPa was applied for 5 minutes, thereby preparing a sample having a thickness of 300 μm by press molding. A transmission spectrum of the produced molded article at a wavenumber of 600 to 4,000 cm.sup.−1 was measured using a Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FT/IR, 6200, manufactured by JASCO Corporation). Using an absorbance I.sub.A of 1,655 cm.sup.−1 and an absorbance I.sub.B of 841 cm.sup.−1 derived from the oxazoline group having the obtained IR spectrum, the absorbance derived from the oxazoline group in the oxazoline-containing polypropylene homopolymer was normalized by the following Equation (1), and the normalized absorbance was defined as α.sub.A. Calibration curves of α.sub.A and the content of the oxazoline group were created using α.sub.A and the content of the oxazoline group in the oxazoline-containing polypropylene homopolymer. A relationship between α.sub.A and the content (Xmmol/g) of the oxazoline group obtained from the created calibration curves was represented by the following Equation (2).

α.sub.A=I.sub.A/I.sub.B   (1)

X=0.3849×α.sub.A   (2)

Method of Calculating Content of Oxazoline Group in 1 g of Oxazoline-Modified Polypropylene

[0219] The maleic anhydride-modified polypropylene used in synthesis of the oxazoline-modified polypropylene was preheated at 190° C. for 5 minutes, and a pressure of 5 MPa was applied for 5 minutes, thereby preparing a sample having a thickness of 100 μm by press molding. 0.3 g of the produced press-molded article was cut out, and the cut molded article was put into 30 ml of ethanol. Next, t molded article was allowed to stand at 30° C. for 60 hours, sample was collected by filtration, and the collected sample was air-dried and then vacuum-dried at room temperature for at least 18 hours. The obtained sample was preheated at 210° C. for 5 minutes, and a pressure of 5 MPa was applied for 5 minutes, thereby preparing a sample having a thickness of 100 μm to 300 μm by press molding. A transmission spectrum of the produced press-molded article at a wavenumber of 600 to 4,000 cm.sup.−1 was measured using a Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FT/IR, 6200, manufactured by JASCO Corporation). Using an absorbance IC and an absorbance of In having wavenumbers of 1,655 cm.sup.−1 and 841 cm.sup.−1, respectively, in the obtained spectrum, the absorbance was normalized by the following Equation (3), and the normalized absorbance was defined as α.sub.B.

[0220] A press-molded article was produced in the same procedure as in the oxazoline-modified polypropylene, and a transmission spectrum was measured using FT/IR. Using an absorbance I.sub.E and an absorbance of I.sub.F having wavenumbers of 1,655 cm.sup.−1 and 841 cm.sup.−1, respectively, in the obtained spectrum, the absorbance derived from the oxazoline group in the oxazoline-modified polypropylene was normalized by the following Equation (4), and the normalized absorbance was defined as α.sub.C. An absorbance α.sub.D derived from the oxazoline group in the oxazoline-modified polypropylene was calculated by the following Equation (5) using α.sub.B and α.sub.C. A content (Ymmol/g) of the oxazoline group in 1 g of the oxazoline-modified polypropylene was calculated from α.sub.D and Equation (2).

α.sub.B=I.sub.C/I.sub.D   (3)

α.sub.C=I.sub.E/I.sub.F   (4)

α.sub.D=α.sub.C−α.sub.B   (5)

Y=0.3849×α.sub.D (mmol/g)   (6)

Used Materials

[0221] The following materials were used in Examples and Comparative Examples.

[0222] 1. Oxazoline-Modified Polypropylene (Component 1)

[0223] Oxazoline-modified polypropylene-1

[0224] Oxazoline-modified polypropylene-1 of the above Example

[0225] MFR (230° C. and load of 21.2 N): 152 g/10 min

[0226] Content of oxazoline group: 2.0×10.sup.−2 mmol/g

[0227] Oxazoline-modified polypropylene-2

[0228] Oxazoline-modified polypropylene-2 of the above Example

[0229] MFR (230° C. and load of 21.2 N): 41 g/10 min

[0230] Content of oxazoline group: 11.2×10.sup.−2 mmol/g

[0231] Oxazoline-modified polypropylene-3

[0232] Oxazoline-modified polypropylene-3 of the above Example

[0233] MFR (230° C. and load of 21.2 N): 6.9 g/10 min

[0234] Content of oxazoline group: 19.0×10.sup.−2 mmol/g

[0235] Oxazoline-modified polypropylene-4

[0236] Oxazoline-modified polypropylene-4 of the above Example

[0237] MFR (230° C. and load of 21.2 N): 2.3 g/10 min

[0238] Content of oxazoline group: 20.7×10.sup.−2 mmol/g

[0239] Oxazoline-modified polypropylene-5

[0240] Oxazoline-modified polypropylene-5 of the above Example

[0241] MFR (230° C. and load of 21.2 N): 275 g/10 min

[0242] Content of oxazoline group: 0.2×10.sup.−2 mmol/g

[0243] Oxazoline-modified polypropylene-6

[0244] Oxazoline-modified polypropylene-6 of the above Example

[0245] MFR (230° C. and load of 21.2 N): 238 g/10 min

[0246] Content of oxazoline group: 3.1×10.sup.−2 mmol/g

[0247] Oxazoline-modified polypropylene-7

[0248] Oxazoline-modified polypropylene-7 of the above Example

[0249] MFR (230° C. and load of 21.2 N): 162 g/10 min

[0250] Content of oxazoline group: 6.4×10.sup.−2 mmol/g

[0251] Modified Polypropylene of Comparative Example C1

[0252] Maleic anhydride-modified polypropylene-1 used in synthesis of Example M1

[0253] MFR (230° C. and load of 21.2 N): 199 g/10 min

[0254] Content of oxazoline group: 0.0×10.sup.−2 mmol/g

[0255] Modified Polypropylene of Comparative Examples C2 and C3

[0256] Oxazoline-modified polypropylene-8

[0257] MFR (230° C. and load of 21.2 N): 648 g/10 min

[0258] Content of oxazoline group: 14.9×10.sup.−2 mmol/g

[0259] 2. Polypropylene (Component 2)

[0260] Polypropylene homopolymer 1 (manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd., NOBLEN HR100EG)

[0261] MFR (230° C., load of 21.2 N): 23 g/10 min

[0262] Melting point: 164° C.

[0263] 3. Filler (Component 3)

[0264] Carbon fiber 1 (manufactured by Carbon Fiber Recycle Industry Co., Ltd., CFRI T8S103C)

[0265] C—O bond: 5.2%, total of C═O bond and O—C═O bond: 5.8%

[0266] Glass Fiber 1 (CS 249A-10C, manufactured by Owens Corning)

[0267] 4. Other Materials

[0268] Antioxidant 3: manufactured by BASF Japan Ltd., Irganox 1010

[0269] Antioxidant 4: manufactured by BASF Japan Ltd., Irgafos 168

[0270] Neutralizer: Calcium stearate, manufactured by SUN ACE CORPORATION

[0271] Melting and Kneading and Production of Injection Molded Article

Example C1

[0272] 70 mass % of the polypropylene homopolymer 1, 10 mass % of the oxazoline-modified polypropylene-1, and 20 mass % of the carbon fiber 1, and 0.2 parts by mass of the antioxidant 3 and 0.2 parts by mass of the antioxidant 4 with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total of the polypropylene homopolymer 1, the oxazoline-modified polypropylene-1, and the carbon fiber 1 were mixed with each other to obtain a mixture. The mixture was melted and kneaded with a 40 mm single screw extruder (VS40-28 head type extruder, manufactured by TANABE PLASTICS MACHINERY CO., LTD.) at a cylinder temperature of 220° C. and a screw rotation speed of 100 rpm, and the mixture was pelletized, thereby obtaining a polypropylene composition. The obtained polypropylene composition was subjected to injection molding using an injection molding machine (M-70CSJ, manufactured by Meiki Co., Ltd.) under conditions of a cylinder temperature of 220° C., a mold temperature of 50° C., and an injection speed of 20 mm/sec, thereby obtaining an injection molded article of an ISO test piece.

Examples C2 to C7 and Comparative Examples C1 and C2

[0273] Polypropylene compositions of Examples C2 to C7 and Comparative Examples C1 and C2 were produced in the same manner as that of Example C1, except that materials shown in Table 4 were used. The maleic anhydride-modified polypropylene used for the production of the polypropylene of Comparative Example 1 was described in the column of “Component 1” for convenience.

Example C8

[0274] 58.5 mass % of the polypropylene homopolymer 1, 1.5 mass % of the oxazoline-modified polypropylene-2, and 40 mass % of the glass fiber 1, and 0.2 parts by mass of the antioxidant 3, 0.2 parts by mass of the antioxidant 4, and 0.05 parts by mass of the neutralizer with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total of the polypropylene homopolymer 1, the oxazoline-modified polypropylene-2, and the glass fiber 1 were mixed with each other to obtain a mixture. The mixture was melted and kneaded with a 32 mm twin screw extruder (twin extruder ZSK32Mc18, manufactured by Coperion GmbH) at a cylinder temperature of 230° C. and a screw rotation speed of 400 rpm, and the mixture was pelletized, thereby obtaining a polypropylene composition. The obtained polypropylene composition was subjected to injection molding using an injection molding machine (M-70CSJ, manufactured by Meiki Co., Ltd.) under conditions of a cylinder temperature of 220° C., a mold temperature of 50° C., and an injection speed of 20 mm/sec, thereby obtaining an injection molded article of an ISO test piece.

Comparative Example C3

[0275] A polypropylene composition of Comparative Example C3 was produced in the same manner as that of Example C8, except that the materials shown in Table 5 were used.

Evaluation of Physical Properties

[0276] 1. Melt Mass Flow Rate (Unit: g/10 min)

[0277] A melt mass flow rate was measured at a measurement temperature of 230° C. and a load of 2.16 kg according to a method specified in JIS K 7210.

[0278] 2. Density (Unit: g/cm.sup.3)

[0279] Using the molded article molded by the molding method described in “Melting and Kneading and Production of Injection Molded Article” and cut into a size of 80 mm×10 mm×4 mm as a test piece, a density was measured according to a water replacement method which is the A method specified in JIS K7112.

[0280] 3. Ultimate Tensile Strength (Unit: MPa)

[0281] Using the test piece having a thickness of 4 mm molded by the molding method described in “Melting and Kneading and Production of injection Molded Article”, a ultimate tensile strength (US) was measured at a tensile speed of 50 mm/min according to a method specified in ISO 527-2.

[0282] 4. Flexural Strength (Unit: MPa)

[0283] Using the test piece having a thickness of 4 mm molded by the molding method described in “Melting and Kneading and Production of injection Molded Article”, a flexural strength (FS) was measured at a loading speed of 2.0 mm/min according to a method specified in ISO 178.

[0284] 5. Notched Charpy impact strength (unit: kJ/m.sup.2)

[0285] The molded article molded by the molding method described in “Melting and Kneading and Production of Injection Molded Article” was cut into a size of 80 mm×10 mm×4 mm, and a notched Charpy impact strength by an edgewise impact was measured according to a method specified in ISO 179-1 using a notched material as a test piece. The shape of the notch was a shape A described in ISO 179-1.

TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 Physical properties of modified polypropylene MFR@230° Content of Comparative C. (g/10 oxazoline group Example Example min) (mmol/g × 10.sup.−2) C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C1 C2 Component 1 Oxazoline- 152 2.0 10 modified polyprop- ylene-1 Oxazoline- 41 11.2 10 modified polyprop- ylene-2 Oxazoline- 6.9 19.0 10 modified polyprop- ylene-3 Oxazoline- 2.3 20.7 10 modified polyprop- ylene-4 Oxazoline- 275 0.2 10 modified polyprop- ylene-5 Oxazoline- 238 3.1 10 modified polyprop- ylene-6 Oxazoline- 162 6.4 10 modified polyprop- ylene-7 Oxazoline- 648 14.9 10 modified polyprop- ylene-8 Maleic 199 0 10 anhydride- modified polyprop- ylene-1 Component 2 Polypropylene homopolymer 1 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 Component 3 Carbon fiber 1 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 Ultimate tensile strength (MPa) 124 132 126 123 119 123 126 121 101 Flexural strength (MPa) 172 187 175 172 177 181 185 169 146 Notched Charpy impact strength @ 23° C. 7.0 7.8 7.0 6.6 6.3 6.3 6.5 6.4 5.1 (kJ/m.sup.2) Notched Charpy impact strength @ −30° C. 5.0 5.3 5.1 5.3 4.9 4.9 4.9 5.0 5.1 (kJ/m.sup.2) Density (g/cm.sup.3) 0.995 0.992 0.997 0.996 0.991 0.992 0.992 0.993 0.995 MFR (g/10 min) 2.8 1.9 2.4 1.8 3.9 3.7 3.0 2.3 1.4

TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 5 Physical properties of modified polypropylene Content of Comparative MFR@230° C. oxazoline group Example Example (g/10 min) (mmol/g × 10.sup.−2) C8 C3 Component 1 Oxazoline- 41 11.2 1.5 modified polypropylene-2 Oxazoline- 648 14.9 1.5 modified polypropylene-8 Component 2 Polypropylene homopolymer 1 58.5 58.5 Component 3 Glass fiber 1 40 40 Ultimate tensile strength(MPa) 130 105 Flexural strength (MPa) 194 157 Notched Charpy impact strength @ 23° C. (kJ/m.sup.2) 13.4 7.5 Notched Charpy impact strength @ −30° C. (kJ/m.sup.2) 15.9 8.5 Density (g/cm.sup.3) 1.214 1.211 MFR (g/10 min) 3.6 3.8