SINGLE-WORKING-MEDIUM VAPOR COMBINED CYCLE

Abstract

The single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is provided in this invitation and belongs to the field of energy and power technology. A single-working-medium vapor combined cycle consists of nine processes which are conducted with M.sub.1 kg of working medium and M.sub.2 kg of working medium separately or jointly: a pressurization process 1-2 of the M.sub.1 kg of working medium, a heat-absorption vaporization and superheating process 2-3 of the M.sub.1 kg of working medium, a depressurization process 3-4 of the M.sub.1 kg of working medium, a pressurization process 7-4 of M.sub.2 kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 4-5 of the M.sub.3 kg of working medium, a depressurization process 5-6 of the M.sub.3 kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 6-7 of the M.sub.3 kg of working medium, a heat-releasing and condensation process 7-1 of the M.sub.1 kg of working medium; M.sub.3 is the sum of M.sub.1 and M.sub.2.

Claims

1. A single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting of twelve processes which are conducted with M.sub.1 kg of working medium, M.sub.2 kg of working medium and H kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M.sub.1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set the state (2) to (3) of the M.sub.1 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (3) to (4) of the M.sub.1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set the state (4) to (5) of the M.sub.1 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (e) of the H kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set the state (e) to (8) of the H kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (8) to (5) of the M.sub.2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (5) to (6) of the (M.sub.1+M.sub.2) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (6) to (7) of the (M.sub.1+M.sub.2) kg of working medium, performing a mixed heat-releasing process to set the state (7) to (8) of the (M.sub.1+M.sub.2) kg of working medium and the H kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (8) to (9) of the (M.sub.1+H) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set the state (9) to (1) of the (M.sub.1+H) kg of working medium.

2. A single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting of thirteen processes which are conducted with M.sub.1 kg of working medium, M.sub.2 kg of working medium and H kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M.sub.1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set the state (2) to (3) of the M.sub.1 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (3) to (4) of the M.sub.1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set the state (4) to (5) of the M.sub.1 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (5) to (7) of the M.sub.1 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (e) of the H kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set the state (e) to (9) of the H kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (9) to (6) of the M.sub.2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set the state (6) to (7) of the M.sub.2 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (7) to (8) of the (M.sub.1+M.sub.2) kg of working medium, performing a mixed heat-releasing process to set the state (8) to (9) of the (M.sub.1+M.sub.2) kg of working medium and the H kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (9) to (c) of the (M.sub.1+H) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set the state (c) to (1) of the (M.sub.1+H) kg of working medium.

3. A single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting of thirteen processes which are conducted with M.sub.1 kg of working medium, M.sub.2 kg of working medium and H kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M.sub.1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set the state (2) to (3) of the M.sub.1 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (3) to (4) of the M.sub.1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set the state (4) to (7) of the M.sub.1 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (e) of the H kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set the state (e) to (9) of the H kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (9) to (5) of the M.sub.2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set the state (5) to (6) of the M.sub.2 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (6) to (7) of the M.sub.2 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (7) to (8) of the (M.sub.1+M.sub.2) kg of working medium, performing a mixed heat-releasing process to set the state (8) to (9) of the (M.sub.1+M.sub.2) kg of working medium and the H kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (9) to (c) of the (M.sub.1+H) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set the state (c) to (1) of the (M.sub.1+H) kg of working medium.

4. A single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting of fourteen processes which are conducted with M.sub.1 kg of working medium, M.sub.2 kg of working medium and H kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M.sub.1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set the state (2) to (3) of the M.sub.1 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (3) to (4) of the M.sub.1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set the state (4) to (5) of the M.sub.1 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (5) to (9) of the M.sub.1 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (e) of the H kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set the state (e) to (c) of the H kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (c) to (6) of the M.sub.2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set the state (6) to (7) of the M.sub.2 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (7) to (8) of the M.sub.2 kg of working medium, performing a mixed heat-releasing process to set a state (8) to (9) of the M.sub.2 kg of working medium and the H kg of working medium, performing a mixed heat-releasing process to set a state (9) to (c) of the (M.sub.1+M.sub.2) kg of working medium and the H kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (c) to (d) of the (M.sub.1+H) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set the state (d) to (1) of the (M.sub.1+H) kg of working medium.

5. A single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting of fourteen processes which are conducted with M.sub.1 kg of working medium, M.sub.2 kg of working medium and H kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M.sub.1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set the state (2) to (3) of the M.sub.1 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (3) to (4) of the M.sub.1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set the state (4) to (5) of the M.sub.1 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (5) to (6) of the M.sub.1 kg of working medium, performing a mixed heat-releasing process to set a state (6) to (9) of the M.sub.1 kg of working medium and the H kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (e) of the H kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set the state (e) to (c) of the H kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (c) to (7) of the M.sub.2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set the state (7) to (8) of the M.sub.2 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (8) to (9) of the M.sub.2 kg of working medium, performing a mixed heat-releasing process to set a state (9) to (c) of the (M.sub.1+M.sub.2) kg of working medium and the H kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (c) to (d) of the (M.sub.1+H) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set the state (d) to (1) of the (M.sub.1+H) kg of working medium.

6. A single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting of fifteen processes which are conducted with M.sub.1 kg of working medium, M.sub.2 kg of working medium and H kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M.sub.1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set the state (2) to (3) of the M.sub.1 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (3) to (4) of the M.sub.1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set the state (4) to (5) of the M.sub.1 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (e) of the H kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set the state (e) to (c) of the H kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (c) to (5) of the M.sub.2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (5) to (6) of the (M.sub.1+M.sub.2) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (6) to (9) of the X kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (6) to (7) of the (M.sub.1+M.sub.2−X) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (7) to (8) of the (M.sub.1+M.sub.2−X) kg of working medium, performing a mixed heat-releasing process to set a state (8) to (9) of the (M.sub.1+M.sub.2−X) kg of working medium and the H kg of working medium, performing a mixed heat-releasing process to set a state (9) to (c) of the (M.sub.1+M.sub.2) kg of working medium and the H kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (c) to (d) of the (M.sub.1+H) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set the state (d) to (1) of the (M.sub.1+H) kg of working medium.

7. A single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting of fifteen processes which are conducted with M.sub.1 kg of working medium, M.sub.2 kg of working medium and H kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M.sub.1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set the state (2) to (b) of the M.sub.1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (b) to (3) of the (M.sub.1+M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (3) to (4) of the (M.sub.1+M) kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set the state (4) to (5) of the (M.sub.1+M) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (e) of the H kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set the state (e) to (8) of the H kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (8) to (a) of the M.sub.2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set a state (a) to (b) of the M kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (a) to (5) of the (M.sub.2−M) kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (5) to (6) of the (M.sub.1+M.sub.2) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (6) to (7) of the (M.sub.1+M.sub.2) kg of working medium, performing a mixed heat-releasing process to set a state (7) to (8) of the (M.sub.1+M.sub.2) kg of working medium and the H kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (8) to (9) of the (M.sub.1+H) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set the state (9) to (1) of the (M.sub.1+H) kg of working medium.

8. A single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting of sixteen processes which are conducted with M.sub.1 kg of working medium, M.sub.2 kg of working medium and H kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M.sub.1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set the state (2) to (b) of the M.sub.1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (b) to (3) of the (M.sub.1+M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (3) to (4) of the (M.sub.1+M) kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set the state (4) to (5) of the (M.sub.1+M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (5) to (7) of the (M.sub.1+M) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (e) of the H kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set the state (e) to (9) of the H kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (9) to (a) of the M.sub.2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set a state (a) to (b) of the M kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (a) to (6) of the (M.sub.2−M) kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set the state (6) to (7) of the (M.sub.2−M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (7) to (8) of the (M.sub.1+M.sub.2) kg of working medium, performing a mixed heat-releasing process to set a state (8) to (9) of the (M.sub.1+M.sub.2) kg of working medium and the H kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (9) to (c) of the (M.sub.1+H) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set the state (c) to (1) of the (M.sub.1+H) kg of working medium.

9. A single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting of sixteen processes which are conducted with M.sub.1 kg of working medium, M.sub.2 kg of working medium and H kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M.sub.1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set the state (2) to (b) of the M.sub.1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (b) to (3) of the (M.sub.1+M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (3) to (4) of the (M.sub.1+M) kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set the state (4) to (7) of the (M.sub.1+M) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (e) of the H kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set the state (e) to (9) of the H kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (9) to (a) of the M.sub.2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set a state (a) to (b) of the M kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (a) to (5) of the (M.sub.2−M) kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set the state (5) to (6) of the (M.sub.2−M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (6) to (7) of the (M.sub.2−M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (7) to (8) of the (M.sub.1+M.sub.2) kg of working medium, performing a mixed heat-releasing process to set a state (8) to (9) of the (M.sub.1+M.sub.2) kg of working medium and the H kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (9) to (c) of the (M.sub.1+H) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set the state (c) to (1) of the (M.sub.1+H) kg of working medium.

10. A single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting of seventeen processes which are conducted with M.sub.1 kg of working medium, M.sub.2 kg of working medium and H kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M.sub.1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set the state (2) to (b) of the M.sub.1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (b) to (3) of the (M.sub.1+M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (3) to (4) of the (M.sub.1+M) kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set the state (4) to (5) of the (M.sub.1+M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (5) to (9) of the (M.sub.1+M) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (e) of the H kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set the state (e) to (c) of the H kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (c) to (a) of the M.sub.2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set a state (a) to (b) of the M kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (a) to (6) of the (M.sub.2−M) kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set the state (6) to (7) of the (M.sub.2−M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (7) to (8) of the (M.sub.2−M) kg of working medium, performing a mixed heat-releasing process to set a state (8) to (9) of the (M.sub.2−M) kg of working medium and the H kg of working medium, performing a mixed heat-releasing process to set a state (9) to (c) of the (M.sub.1+M.sub.2) kg of working medium and the H kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (c) to (d) of the (M.sub.1+H) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set the state (d) to (1) of the (M.sub.1+H) kg of working medium.

11. A single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting of seventeen processes which are conducted with M.sub.1 kg of working medium, M.sub.2 kg of working medium and H kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M.sub.1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set the state (2) to (b) of the M.sub.1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (b) to (3) of the (M.sub.1+M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (3) to (4) of the (M.sub.1+M) kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set the state (4) to (5) of the (M.sub.1+M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (5) to (6) of the (M.sub.1+M) kg of working medium, performing a mixed heat-releasing process to set a state (6) to (9) of the (M.sub.1+M) kg of working medium and the H kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (e) of the H kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set the state (e) to (c) of the H kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (c) to (a) of the M.sub.2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set a state (a) to (b) of the M kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (a) to (7) of the (M.sub.2−M) kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set the state (7) to (8) of the (M.sub.2−M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (8) to (9) of the (M.sub.2−M) kg of working medium, performing a mixed heat-releasing process to set a state (9) to (c) of the (M.sub.1+M.sub.2) kg of working medium and the H kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (c) to (d) of the (M.sub.1+H) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set the state (d) to (1) of the (M.sub.1+H) kg of working medium.

12. A single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting of eighteen processes which are conducted with M.sub.1 kg of working medium, M.sub.2 kg of working medium and H kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M.sub.1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set the state (2) to (b) of the M.sub.1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (b) to (3) of the (M.sub.1+M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (3) to (4) of the (M.sub.1+M) kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set the state (4) to (5) of the (M.sub.1+M) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (e) of the H kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set the state (e) to (c) of the H kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (c) to (a) of the M.sub.2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set a state (a) to (b) of the M kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (a) to (5) of the (M.sub.2−M) kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (5) to (6) of the (M.sub.1+M.sub.2) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (6) to (9) of the X kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set the state (6) to (7) of the (M.sub.1+M.sub.2−X) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (7) to (8) of the (M.sub.1+M.sub.2−X) kg of working medium, performing a mixed heat-releasing process to set a state (8) to (9) of the (M.sub.1+M.sub.2−X) kg of working medium and the H kg of working medium, performing a mixed heat-releasing process to set a state (9) to (c) of the (M.sub.1+M.sub.2) kg of working medium and the H kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (c) to (d) of the (M.sub.1+H) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set the state (d) to (1) of the (M.sub.1+H) kg of working medium.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

[0019] FIG. 1 is a type 1 example general flow chart of a single-working-medium vapor combined cycle provided in the present invention.

[0020] FIG. 2 is a type 2 example general flow chart of a single-working-medium vapor combined cycle provided in the present invention.

[0021] FIG. 3 is a type 3 example general flow chart of a single-working-medium vapor combined cycle provided in the present invention.

[0022] FIG. 4 is a type 4 example general flow chart of a single-working-medium vapor combined cycle provided in the present invention.

[0023] FIG. 5 is a type 5 example general flow chart of a single-working-medium vapor combined cycle provided in the present invention.

[0024] FIG. 6 is a type 6 example general flow chart of a single-working-medium vapor combined cycle provided in the present invention.

[0025] FIG. 7 is a type 7 example general flow chart of a single-working-medium vapor combined cycle provided in the present invention.

[0026] FIG. 8 is a type 8 example general flow chart of a single-working-medium vapor combined cycle provided in the present invention.

[0027] FIG. 9 is a type 9 example general flow chart of a single-working-medium vapor combined cycle provided in the present invention.

[0028] FIG. 10 is a type 10 example general flow chart of a single-working-medium vapor combined cycle provided in the present invention.

[0029] FIG. 11 is a type 11 example general flow chart of a single-working-medium vapor combined cycle provided in the present invention.

[0030] FIG. 12 is a type 12 example general flow chart of a single-working-medium vapor combined cycle provided in the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The first thing to note is that, when describing the cycle's structures and processes, the processes will not be repeatedly described if not necessary, and the obvious processes will not be described. The detailed description of the present invention is as follows:

[0032] The T-s diagram of the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle in FIG. 1 works as follows:

[0033] (1) From the Perspective of the Cycle's Processes.

[0034] The working medium conducts twelve processes: a pressurization process 1-2 of the M.sub.1 kg of working medium, a heat-absorption vaporization and superheating process 2-3 of the M.sub.1 kg of working medium, a depressurization process 3-4 of the M.sub.1 kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 4-5 of the M.sub.1 kg of working medium, a pressurization process 1-e of the H kg of working medium, a heat-absorption vaporization and superheating process e-8 of the H kg of working medium, a pressurization process 8-5 of the M.sub.2 kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 5-6 of the (M.sub.1+M.sub.2) kg of working medium, a depressurization process 6-7 of the (M.sub.1+M.sub.2) kg of working medium, a mixed heat-releasing process 7-8 of the (M.sub.1+M.sub.2) kg of working medium and the H kg of working medium, a depressurization process 8-9 of the (M.sub.1+H) kg of working medium, a heat-releasing and condensation process 9-1 of the (M.sub.1+H) kg of working medium.

[0035] (2) From the Perspective of Energy Conversion.

[0036] {circle around (1)} Heat absorption processes: the absorbed heat in the process e-8 of the H kg of working medium is provided by the heat-releasing in the process 7-8 of the (M.sub.1+M.sub.2) kg of working medium, or by an external heat source at the same time. In the process 2-3 of the M.sub.1 kg of working medium, the process 4-5 of the M.sub.1 kg of working medium and the process 5-6 of the (M.sub.1+M.sub.2) kg of working medium, the absorbed heat is provided by an external heat source.

[0037] {circle around (2)} Heat-releasing processes. In the process 7-8, the (M.sub.1+M.sub.2) kg of working medium mixes with and releases heat to the H kg of working medium, and the temperature of the (M.sub.1+M.sub.2) kg of working medium is lowered to state 8. The heat released by the (M.sub.1+H) kg of working medium in process 9-1 is usually released to the low-temperature heat sink, or be supplied to the heat user when cogeneration is applicable.

[0038] {circle around (3)} Energy conversion processes. The pressurization process 1-2 of the M.sub.1 kg of working medium and the pressurization process 1-e of H kg of working medium are usually achieved by pumps. The pressurization process 8-5 of the M.sub.2 kg of working medium is usually achieved by a compressor. The depressurization (and expansion) process 3-4 of the M.sub.1 kg of working medium, the depressurization (and expansion) process 6-7 of the (M.sub.1+M.sub.2) kg of working medium and the depressurization (and expansion) process 8-9 of the (M.sub.1+H) kg of working medium are usually achieved by expanders. The total expansion work output is greater than the total pressurization work input; therefore, thermal energy is converted into power (the cycle's net work), and the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.

[0039] The T-s diagram of the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle in FIG. 2 works as follows:

[0040] (1) From the Perspective of the Cycle's Processes.

[0041] The working medium conducts thirteen processes: a pressurization process 1-2 of the M.sub.1 kg of working medium, a heat-absorption vaporization and superheating process 2-3 of the M.sub.1 kg of working medium, a depressurization process 3-4 of the M.sub.1 kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 4-5 of the M.sub.1 kg of working medium, a depressurization process 5-7 of the M.sub.1 kg of working medium, a pressurization process 1-e of the H kg of working medium, a heat-absorption vaporization and superheating process e-9 of the H kg of working medium, a pressurization process 9-6 of the M.sub.2 kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 6-7 of the M.sub.2 kg of working medium, a depressurization process 7-8 of the (M.sub.1+M.sub.2) kg of working medium, a mixed heat-releasing process 8-9 of the (M.sub.1+M.sub.2) kg of working medium and the H kg of working medium, a depressurization process 9-c of the (M.sub.1+H) kg of working medium, a heat-releasing and condensation process c-1 of the (M.sub.1+H) kg of working medium.

[0042] (2) From the Perspective of Energy Conversion.

[0043] {circle around (1)} Heat absorption processes: the absorbed heat in the process e-9 of the H kg of working medium is provided by the heat-releasing in the process 8-9 of the (M.sub.1+M.sub.2) kg of working medium, or by an external heat source at the same time. In the process 2-3 of the M.sub.1 kg of working medium, the process 4-5 of the M.sub.1 kg of working medium and the process 6-7 of the M.sub.2 kg of working medium, the absorbed heat is provided by an external heat source.

[0044] {circle around (2)} Heat-releasing processes. In the process 8-9, the (M.sub.1+M.sub.2) kg of working medium mixes with and releases heat to the H kg of working medium, and the temperature of the (M.sub.1+M.sub.2) kg of working medium is lowered to state 9. The heat released by the (M.sub.1+H) kg of working medium in process c-1 is usually released to the low-temperature heat sink, or be supplied to the heat user when cogeneration is applicable.

[0045] {circle around (3)} Energy conversion processes. The pressurization process 1-2 of the M.sub.1 kg of working medium and the pressurization process 1-e of H kg of working medium are usually achieved by pumps. The pressurization process 9-6 of the M.sub.2 kg of working medium is usually achieved by a compressor. The depressurization (and expansion) process 3-4 of the M.sub.1 kg of working medium, the depressurization (and expansion) process 5-7 of the M.sub.1 kg of working medium, the depressurization (and expansion) process 7-8 of the (M.sub.1+M.sub.2) kg of working medium and the depressurization (and expansion) process 9-c of the (M.sub.1+H) kg of working medium are usually achieved by expanders. The total expansion work output is greater than the total pressurization work input; therefore, thermal energy is converted into power (the cycle's net work), and the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.

[0046] The T-s diagram of the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle in FIG. 3 works as follows:

[0047] (1) From the Perspective of the Cycle's Processes.

[0048] The working medium conducts thirteen processes: a pressurization process 1-2 of the M.sub.1 kg of working medium, a heat-absorption vaporization and superheating process 2-3 of the M.sub.1 kg of working medium, a depressurization process 3-4 of the M.sub.1 kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 4-7 of the M.sub.1 kg of working medium, a pressurization process 1-e of the H kg of working medium, a heat-absorption vaporization and superheating process e-9 of the H kg of working medium, a pressurization process 9-5 of the M.sub.2 kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 5-6 of the M.sub.2 kg of working medium, a depressurization process 6-7 of the M.sub.2 kg of working medium, a depressurization process 7-8 of the (M.sub.1+M.sub.2) kg of working medium, a mixed heat-releasing process 8-9 of the (M.sub.1+M.sub.2) kg of working medium and the H kg of working medium, a depressurization process 9-c of the (M.sub.1+H) kg of working medium, a heat-releasing and condensation process c-1 of the (M.sub.1+H) kg of working medium.

[0049] (2) From the Perspective of Energy Conversion.

[0050] {circle around (1)} Heat absorption processes: the absorbed heat in the process e-9 of the H kg of working medium is provided by the heat-releasing in the process 8-9 of the (M.sub.1+M.sub.2) kg of working medium, or by an external heat source at the same time. In the process 2-3 of the M.sub.1 kg of working medium, the process 4-7 of the M.sub.1 kg of working medium and the process 5-6 of the M.sub.2 kg of working medium, the absorbed heat is provided by an external heat source.

[0051] {circle around (2)} Heat-releasing processes. In the process 8-9, the (M.sub.1+M.sub.2) kg of working medium mixes with and releases heat to the H kg of working medium, and the temperature of the (M.sub.1+M.sub.2) kg of working medium is lowered to state 9. The heat released by the (M.sub.1+H) kg of working medium in process c-1 is usually released to the low-temperature heat sink, or be supplied to the heat user when cogeneration is applicable.

[0052] {circle around (3)} Energy conversion processes. The pressurization process 1-2 of the M.sub.1 kg of working medium and the pressurization process 1-e of H kg of working medium are usually achieved by pumps. The pressurization process 9-5 of the M.sub.2 kg of working medium is usually achieved by a compressor. The depressurization (and expansion) process 3-4 of the M.sub.1 kg of working medium, the depressurization (and expansion) process 6-7 of the M.sub.2 kg of working medium, the depressurization (and expansion) process 7-8 of the (M.sub.1+M.sub.2) kg of working medium and the depressurization (and expansion) process 9-c of the (M.sub.1+H) kg of working medium are usually achieved by expanders. The total expansion work output is greater than the total pressurization work input; therefore, thermal energy is converted into power (the cycle's net work), and the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.

[0053] The T-s diagram of the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle in FIG. 4 works as follows:

[0054] (1) From the Perspective of the Cycle's Processes.

[0055] The working medium conducts fourteen processes: a pressurization process 1-2 of the M.sub.1 kg of working medium, a heat-absorption vaporization and superheating process 2-3 of the M.sub.1 kg of working medium, a depressurization process 3-4 of the M.sub.1 kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 4-5 of the M.sub.1 kg of working medium, a depressurization process 5-9 of the M.sub.1 kg of working medium, a pressurization process 1-e of the H kg of working medium, a heat-absorption vaporization and superheating process e-c of the H kg of working medium, a pressurization process c-6 of the M.sub.2 kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 6-7 of the M.sub.2 kg of working medium, a depressurization process 7-8 of the M.sub.2 kg of working medium, a mixed heat-releasing process 8-9 of the M.sub.2 kg of working medium and the H kg of working medium, a mixed heat-releasing process 9-c of the (M.sub.1+M.sub.2) kg of working medium and the H kg of working medium, a depressurization process c-d of the (M.sub.1+H) kg of working medium, a heat-releasing and condensation process d-1 of the (M.sub.1+H) kg of working medium.

[0056] (2) From the Perspective of Energy Conversion.

[0057] {circle around (1)} Heat absorption processes: the absorbed heat in the process e-c of the H kg of working medium is provided by the heat-releasing in the process 8-9 of the (M.sub.1+M.sub.2−X) kg of working medium and the process 9-c of the (M.sub.1+M.sub.2) kg of working medium, or by an external heat source at the same time. In the process 2-3 of the M.sub.1 kg of working medium, the process 4-5 of the M.sub.1 kg of working medium and the process 6-7 of the M.sub.2 kg of working medium, the absorbed heat is provided by an external heat source.

[0058] {circle around (2)} Heat-releasing processes. In the process 8-9, the M.sub.2 kg of working medium mixes with and releases heat to the H kg of working medium, and the temperature of the M.sub.2 kg of working medium is lowered to state 9. In the process 9-c, the (M.sub.1+M.sub.2) kg of working medium mixes with and releases heat to the H kg of working medium, and the temperature of the (M.sub.1+M.sub.2) kg of working medium is lowered to state c. The heat released by the (M.sub.1+H) kg of working medium in process d-1 is usually released to the low-temperature heat sink, or be supplied to the heat user when cogeneration is applicable.

[0059] {circle around (3)} Energy conversion processes. The pressurization process 1-2 of the M.sub.1 kg of working medium and the pressurization process 1-e of H kg of working medium are usually achieved by pumps. The pressurization process c-6 of the M.sub.2 kg of working medium is usually achieved by a compressor. The depressurization process 3-4 of the M.sub.1 kg of working medium, the depressurization process 5-9 of the M.sub.1 kg of working medium, the depressurization process 7-8 of the M.sub.2 kg of working medium and the depressurization (and expansion) process c-d of the (M.sub.1+H) kg of working medium are usually achieved by expanders. The total expansion work output is greater than the total pressurization work input; therefore, thermal energy is converted into power (the cycle's net work), and the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.

[0060] The T-s diagram of the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle in FIG. 5 works as follows:

[0061] (1) From the Perspective of the Cycle's Processes.

[0062] The working medium conducts fourteen processes: a pressurization process 1-2 of the M.sub.1 kg of working medium, a heat-absorption vaporization and superheating process 2-3 of the M.sub.1 kg of working medium, a depressurization process 3-4 of the M.sub.1 kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 4-5 of the M.sub.1 kg of working medium, a depressurization process 5-6 of the M.sub.1 kg of working medium, a mixed heat-releasing process 6-9 of the M.sub.1 kg of working medium and the H kg of working medium, a pressurization process 1-e of the H kg of working medium, a heat-absorption vaporization and superheating process e-c of the H kg of working medium, a pressurization process c-7 of the M.sub.2 kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 7-8 of the M.sub.2 kg of working medium, a depressurization process 8-9 of the M.sub.2 kg of working medium, a mixed heat-releasing process 9-c of the (M.sub.1+M.sub.2) kg of working medium and the H kg of working medium, a depressurization process c-d of the (M.sub.1+H) kg of working medium, a heat-releasing and condensation process d-1 of the (M.sub.1+H) kg of working medium.

[0063] (2) From the Perspective of Energy Conversion.

[0064] {circle around (1)} Heat absorption processes: the absorbed heat in the process e-c of the H kg of working medium is provided by the heat-releasing in the process 6-9 of the M.sub.1 kg of working medium and the process 9-c of the (M.sub.1+M.sub.2) kg of working medium, or by an external heat source at the same time. In the process 2-3 of the M.sub.1 kg of working medium, the process 4-5 of the M.sub.1 kg of working medium and the process 5-6 of the M.sub.2 kg of working medium, the absorbed heat is provided by an external heat source.

[0065] {circle around (2)} Heat-releasing processes. In the process 6-9, the M.sub.1 kg of working medium mixes with and releases heat to the H kg of working medium, and the temperature of the M.sub.2 kg of working medium is lowered to state 9. In the process 9-c, the (M.sub.1+M.sub.2) kg of working medium mixes with and releases heat to the H kg of working medium, and the temperature of the (M.sub.1+M.sub.2) kg of working medium is lowered to state c. The heat released by the (M.sub.1+H) kg of working medium in process d-1 is usually released to the low-temperature heat sink, or be supplied to the heat user when cogeneration is applicable.

[0066] {circle around (3)} Energy conversion processes. The pressurization process 1-2 of the M.sub.1 kg of working medium and the pressurization process 1-e of H kg of working medium are usually achieved by pumps. The pressurization process c-7 of the M.sub.2 kg of working medium is usually achieved by a compressor. The depressurization (and expansion) process 3-4 of the M.sub.1 kg of working medium, the depressurization (and expansion) process 5-6 of the M.sub.1 kg of working medium, the depressurization (and expansion) process 8-9 of the M.sub.2 kg of working medium and the depressurization (and expansion) process c-d of the (M.sub.1+H) kg of working medium are usually achieved by expanders. The total expansion work output is greater than the total pressurization work input; therefore, thermal energy is converted into power (the cycle's net work), and the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.

[0067] The T-s diagram of the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle in FIG. 6 works as follows:

[0068] (1) From the Perspective of the Cycle's Processes.

[0069] The working medium conducts fifteen processes: a pressurization process 1-2 of the M.sub.1 kg of working medium, a heat-absorption vaporization and superheating process 2-3 of the M.sub.1 kg of working medium, a depressurization process 3-4 of the M.sub.1 kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 4-5 of the M.sub.1 kg of working medium, a pressurization process 1-e of the H kg of working medium, a heat-absorption vaporization and superheating process e-c of the H kg of working medium, a pressurization process c-5 of the M.sub.2 kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 5-6 of the (M.sub.1+M.sub.2) kg of working medium, a depressurization process 6-9 of the X kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 6-7 of the (M.sub.1+M.sub.2−X) kg of working medium, a depressurization process 7-8 of the (M.sub.1+M.sub.2−X) kg of working medium, a mixed heat-releasing process 8-9 of the (M.sub.1+M.sub.2−X) kg of working medium and the H kg of working medium, a mixed heat-releasing process 9-c of the (M.sub.1+M.sub.2) kg of working medium and the H kg of working medium, a depressurization process c-d of the (M.sub.1+H) kg of working medium, a heat-releasing and condensation process d-1 of the (M.sub.1+H) kg of working medium.

[0070] (2) From the Perspective of Energy Conversion.

[0071] {circle around (1)} Heat absorption processes: the absorbed heat in the process e-c of the H kg of working medium is provided by the heat-releasing in the process 8-9 of the (M.sub.1+M.sub.2−X) kg of working medium and the process 9-c of the (M.sub.1+M.sub.2) kg of working medium, or by an external heat source at the same time. In the process 2-3 of the M.sub.1 kg of working medium, the process 4-5 of the M.sub.1 kg of working medium, the process 5-6 of the (M.sub.1+M.sub.2) kg of working medium and the process 6-7 of the (M.sub.1+M.sub.2−X) kg of working medium, the absorbed heat is provided by an external heat source.

[0072] {circle around (2)} Heat-releasing processes. In the process 8-9, the (M.sub.1+M.sub.2−X) kg of working medium mixes with and releases heat to the H kg of working medium, and the temperature of the (M.sub.1+M.sub.2−X) kg of working medium is lowered to state 9. In the process 9-c, the (M.sub.1+M.sub.2) kg of working medium mixes with and releases heat to the H kg of working medium, and the temperature of the (M.sub.1+M.sub.2) kg of working medium is lowered to state c. The heat released by the (M.sub.1+H) kg of working medium in process d-1 is usually released to the low-temperature heat sink, or be supplied to the heat user when cogeneration is applicable.

[0073] {circle around (3)} Energy conversion processes. The pressurization process 1-2 of the M.sub.1 kg of working medium and the pressurization process 1-e of H kg of working medium are usually achieved by pumps. The pressurization process c-5 of the M.sub.2 kg of working medium is usually achieved by a compressor. The depressurization (and expansion) process 3-4 of the M.sub.1 kg of working medium, the depressurization (and expansion) process 6-9 of the X kg of working medium, the depressurization (and expansion) process 7-8 of the (M.sub.1+M.sub.2−X) kg of working medium and the depressurization (and expansion) process c-d of the (M.sub.1+H) kg of working medium are usually achieved by expanders. The total expansion work output is greater than the total pressurization work input; therefore, thermal energy is converted into power (the cycle's net work), and the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.

[0074] The T-s diagram of the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle in FIG. 7 works as follows:

[0075] (1) From the Perspective of the Cycle's Processes.

[0076] The working medium conducts twelve processes: a pressurization process 1-2 of the M.sub.1 kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 2-b of the M.sub.1 kg of working medium, a heat-absorption vaporization and superheating process b-3 of the (M.sub.1+M) kg of working medium, a depressurization process 3-4 of the (M.sub.1+M) kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 4-5 of the (M.sub.1+M) kg of working medium, a pressurization process 1-e of the H kg of working medium, a heat-absorption vaporization and superheating process e-8 of the H kg of working medium, a pressurization process 8-a of the M.sub.2 kg of working medium, a mixed heat-releasing process a-b of the M kg of working medium and the M.sub.1 kg of working medium, a pressurization process a-5 of the (M.sub.2−M) kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 5-6 of the (M.sub.1+M.sub.2) kg of working medium, a depressurization process 6-7 of the (M.sub.1+M.sub.2) kg of working medium, a mixed heat-releasing process 7-8 of the (M.sub.1+M.sub.2) kg of working medium and the H kg of working medium, a depressurization process 8-9 of the (M.sub.1+H) kg of working medium, a heat-releasing and condensation process 9-1 of the (M.sub.1+H) kg of working medium.

[0077] (2) From the perspective of energy conversion.

[0078] {circle around (1)} Heat absorption processes: the absorbed heat in the process e-8 of the H kg of working medium is provided by the heat-releasing in the process 7-8 of the (M.sub.1+M.sub.2) kg of working medium, or by an external heat source at the same time. The absorbed heat in the process 2-b of the M.sub.1 kg of working medium is provided by the mixed heat-releasing of the M kg of working medium, or by an external heat source at the same time. In the process b-3 of the (M.sub.1+M) kg of working medium, the process 4-5 of the (M.sub.1+M) kg of working medium and the process 5-6 of the (M.sub.1+M.sub.2) kg of working medium, the absorbed heat is provided by an external heat source.

[0079] {circle around (2)} Heat-releasing processes. In the process 7-8, the (M.sub.1+M.sub.2) kg of working medium mixes with and releases heat to the H kg of working medium, and the temperature of the (M.sub.1+M.sub.2) kg of working medium is lowered to state 8. The heat released by the (M.sub.1+H) kg of working medium in process 9-1 is usually released to the low-temperature heat sink, or be supplied to the heat user when cogeneration is applicable.

[0080] {circle around (3)} Energy conversion processes. The pressurization process 1-2 of the M.sub.1 kg of working medium and the pressurization process 1-e of H kg of working medium are usually achieved by pumps. The pressurization process 8-a of the M.sub.2 kg of working medium and the pressurization process a-5 of the (M.sub.2−M) kg of working medium are usually achieved by compressors. The depressurization (and expansion) process 3-4 of the (M.sub.1+M) kg of working medium, the depressurization (and expansion) process 6-7 of the (M.sub.1+M) kg of working medium and the depressurization (and expansion) process 8-9 of the (M.sub.1+H) kg of working medium are usually achieved by expanders. The total expansion work output is greater than the total pressurization work input; therefore, thermal energy is converted into power (the cycle's net work), and the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.

[0081] The T-s diagram of the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle in FIG. 8 works as follows:

[0082] (1) From the perspective of the cycle's processes. The working medium conducts sixteen processes: a pressurization process 1-2 of the M.sub.1 kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 2-b of the M.sub.1 kg of working medium, a heat-absorption vaporization and superheating process b-3 of the (M.sub.1+M) kg of working medium, a depressurization process 3-4 of the (M.sub.1+M) kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 4-5 of the (M.sub.1+M) kg of working medium, a depressurization process 5-7 of the (M.sub.1+M) kg of working medium, a pressurization process 1-e of the H kg of working medium, a heat-absorption vaporization and superheating process e-9 of the H kg of working medium, a pressurization process 9-a of the M.sub.2 kg of working medium, a mixed heat-releasing process a-b of the M kg of working medium and the M.sub.1 kg of working medium, a pressurization process a-6 of the (M.sub.2−M) kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 6-7 of the (M.sub.2−M) kg of working medium, a depressurization process 7-8 of the (M.sub.1+M.sub.2) kg of working medium, a mixed heat-releasing process 8-9 of the (M.sub.1+M.sub.2) kg of working medium and the H kg of working medium, a depressurization process 9-c of the (M.sub.1+H) kg of working medium, a heat-releasing and condensation process c-1 of the (M.sub.1+H) kg of working medium.

[0083] (2) From the Perspective of Energy Conversion.

[0084] {circle around (1)} Heat absorption processes: the absorbed heat in the process e-9 of the H kg of working medium is provided by the heat-releasing in the process 8-9 of the (M.sub.1+M.sub.2) kg of working medium, or by an external heat source at the same time. The absorbed heat in the process 2-b of the M.sub.1 kg of working medium is provided by the mixed heat-releasing of the M kg of working medium, or by an external heat source at the same time. In the process b-3 of the (M.sub.1+M) kg of working medium, the process 4-5 of the (M.sub.1+M) kg of working medium and the process 6-7 of the (M.sub.2−M) kg of working medium, the absorbed heat is provided by an external heat source.

[0085] {circle around (2)} Heat-releasing processes. In the process 8-9, the (M.sub.1+M.sub.2) kg of working medium mixes with and releases heat to the H kg of working medium, and the temperature of the (M.sub.1+M.sub.2) kg of working medium is lowered to state 9. The heat released by the (M.sub.1+H) kg of working medium in process c-1 is usually released to the low-temperature heat sink, or be supplied to the heat user when cogeneration is applicable.

[0086] {circle around (3)} Energy conversion processes. The pressurization process 1-2 of the M.sub.1 kg of working medium and the pressurization process 1-e of H kg of working medium are usually achieved by pumps. The pressurization process 9-a of the M.sub.2 kg of working medium and the pressurization process a-6 of the (M.sub.2−M) kg of working medium are usually achieved by compressors. The depressurization (and expansion) process 3-4 of the (M.sub.1+M) kg of working medium, the depressurization (and expansion) process 5-7 of the (M.sub.1+M) kg of working medium, the depressurization (and expansion) process 7-8 of the (M.sub.1+M.sub.2) kg of working medium and the depressurization (and expansion) process 9-c of the (M.sub.1+H) kg of working medium are usually achieved by expanders. The total expansion work output is greater than the total pressurization work input; therefore, thermal energy is converted into power (the cycle's net work), and the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.

[0087] The T-s diagram of the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle in FIG. 9 works as follows:

[0088] (1) From the perspective of the cycle's processes. The working medium conducts sixteen processes: a pressurization process 1-2 of the M.sub.1 kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 2-b of the M.sub.1 kg of working medium, a heat-absorption vaporization and superheating process b-3 of the (M.sub.1+M) kg of working medium, a depressurization process 3-4 of the (M.sub.1+M) kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 4-7 of the (M.sub.1+M) kg of working medium, a pressurization process 1-e of the H kg of working medium, a heat-absorption vaporization and superheating process e-9 of the H kg of working medium, a pressurization process 9-a of the M.sub.2 kg of working medium, a mixed heat-releasing process a-b of the M kg of working medium and the M.sub.1 kg of working medium, a pressurization process a-5 of the (M.sub.2−M) kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 5-6 of the (M.sub.2−M) kg of working medium, a depressurization process 6-7 of the (M.sub.2−M) kg of working medium, a depressurization process 7-8 of the (M.sub.1+M.sub.2) kg of working medium, a mixed heat-releasing process 8-9 of the (M.sub.1+M.sub.2) kg of working medium and the H kg of working medium, a depressurization process 9-c of the (M.sub.1+H) kg of working medium, a heat-releasing and condensation process c-1 of the (M.sub.1+H) kg of working medium.

[0089] (2) From the Perspective of Energy Conversion.

[0090] {circle around (1)} Heat absorption processes: the absorbed heat in the process e-9 of the H kg of working medium is provided by the heat-releasing in the process 8-9 of the (M.sub.1+M.sub.2) kg of working medium, or by an external heat source at the same time. The absorbed heat in the process 2-b of the M.sub.1 kg of working medium is provided by the mixed heat-releasing of the M kg of working medium, or by an external heat source at the same time. In the process b-3 of the (M.sub.1+M) kg of working medium, the process 4-7 of the (M.sub.1+M) kg of working medium and the process 5-6 of the (M.sub.2−M) kg of working medium, the absorbed heat is provided by an external heat source.

[0091] {circle around (2)} Heat-releasing processes. In the process 8-9, the (M.sub.1+M.sub.2) kg of working medium mixes with and releases heat to the H kg of working medium, and the temperature of the (M.sub.1+M.sub.2) kg of working medium is lowered to state 9. The heat released by the (M.sub.1+H) kg of working medium in process c-1 is usually released to the low-temperature heat sink, or be supplied to the heat user when cogeneration is applicable.

[0092] {circle around (3)} Energy conversion processes. The pressurization process 1-2 of the M.sub.1 kg of working medium and the pressurization process 1-e of H kg of working medium are usually achieved by pumps. The pressurization process 9-a of the M.sub.2 kg of working medium and the pressurization process a-5 of the (M.sub.2−M) kg of working medium are usually achieved by compressors. The depressurization (and expansion) process 3-4 of the (M.sub.1+M) kg of working medium, the depressurization (and expansion) process 6-7 of the (M.sub.2−M) kg of working medium, the depressurization (and expansion) process 7-8 of the (M.sub.1+M.sub.2) kg of working medium and the depressurization (and expansion) process 9-c of the (M.sub.1+H) kg of working medium are usually achieved by expanders. The total expansion work output is greater than the total pressurization work input; therefore, thermal energy is converted into power (the cycle's net work), and the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.

[0093] The T-s diagram of the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle in FIG. 10 works as follows:

[0094] (1) From the perspective of the cycle's processes. The working medium conducts seventeen processes: a pressurization process 1-2 of the M.sub.1 kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 2-b of the M.sub.1 kg of working medium, a heat-absorption vaporization and superheating process b-3 of the (M.sub.1+M) kg of working medium, a depressurization process 3-4 of the (M.sub.1+M) kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 4-5 of the (M.sub.1+M) kg of working medium, a depressurization process 5-9 of the (M.sub.1+M) kg of working medium, a pressurization process 1-e of the H kg of working medium, a heat-absorption vaporization and superheating process e-c of the H kg of working medium, a pressurization process c-a of the M.sub.2 kg of working medium, a mixed heat-releasing process a-b of the M kg of working medium and the M.sub.1 kg of working medium, a pressurization process a-6 of the (M.sub.2−M) kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 6-7 of the (M.sub.2−M) kg of working medium, a depressurization process 7-8 of the (M.sub.2−M) kg of working medium, a mixed heat-releasing process 8-9 of the (M.sub.2−M) kg of working medium and the H kg of working medium, a mixed heat-releasing process 9-c of the (M.sub.1+M.sub.2) kg of working medium and the H kg of working medium, a depressurization process c-d of the (M.sub.1+H) kg of working medium, a heat-releasing and condensation process d-1 of the (M.sub.1+H) kg of working medium.

[0095] (2) From the Perspective of Energy Conversion.

[0096] {circle around (1)} Heat absorption processes: the absorbed heat in the process e-c of the H kg of working medium is provided by the heat-releasing in the process 8-9 of the (M.sub.2−M) kg of working medium and the process 9-c of the (M.sub.1+M.sub.2) kg of working medium, or by an external heat source at the same time. The absorbed heat in the process 2-b of the M.sub.1 kg of working medium is provided by the mixed heat-releasing of the M kg of working medium, or by an external heat source at the same time. In the process b-3 of the (M.sub.1+M) kg of working medium, the process 4-5 of the (M.sub.1+M) kg of working medium and the process 6-7 of the (M.sub.2−M) kg of working medium, the absorbed heat is provided by an external heat source.

[0097] {circle around (2)} Heat-releasing processes. In the process 8-9, the (M.sub.2−M) kg of working medium mixes with and releases heat to the H kg of working medium, and the temperature of the (M.sub.2−M) kg of working medium is lowered to state 9. In the process 9-c, the (M.sub.1+M.sub.2) kg of working medium mixes with and releases heat to the H kg of working medium, and the temperature of the (M.sub.1+M.sub.2) kg of working medium is lowered to state c. The heat released by the (M.sub.1+H) kg of working medium in process d-1 is usually released to the low-temperature heat sink, or be supplied to the heat user when cogeneration is applicable.

[0098] {circle around (3)} Energy conversion processes. The pressurization process 1-2 of the M.sub.1 kg of working medium and the pressurization process 1-e of H kg of working medium are usually achieved by pumps. The pressurization process c-a of the M.sub.2 kg of working medium and the pressurization process a-6 of the (M.sub.2−M) kg of working medium are usually achieved by compressors. The depressurization (and expansion) process 3-4 of the (M.sub.1+M) kg of working medium, the depressurization (and expansion) process 5-9 of the (M.sub.1+M) kg of working medium, the depressurization (and expansion) process 7-8 of the (M.sub.2−M) kg of working medium and the depressurization (and expansion) process c-d of the (M.sub.1+H) kg of working medium are usually achieved by expanders. The total expansion work output is greater than the total pressurization work input; therefore, thermal energy is converted into power (the cycle's net work), and the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.

[0099] The T-s diagram of the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle in FIG. 11 works as follows:

[0100] (1) From the perspective of the cycle's processes. The working medium conducts seventeen processes: a pressurization process 1-2 of the M.sub.1 kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 2-b of the M.sub.1 kg of working medium, a heat-absorption vaporization and superheating process b-3 of the (M.sub.1+M) kg of working medium, a depressurization process 3-4 of the (M.sub.1+M) kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 4-5 of the (M.sub.1+M) kg of working medium, a depressurization process 5-6 of the (M.sub.1+M) kg of working medium, a mixed heat-releasing process 6-9 of the (M.sub.1+M) kg of working medium and the H kg of working medium, a pressurization process 1-e of the H kg of working medium, a heat-absorption vaporization and superheating process e-c of the H kg of working medium, a pressurization process c-a of the M.sub.2 kg of working medium, a mixed heat-releasing process a-b of the M kg of working medium and the M.sub.1 kg of working medium, a pressurization process a-7 of the (M.sub.2−M) kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 7-8 of the (M.sub.2−M) kg of working medium, a depressurization process 8-9 of the (M.sub.2−M) kg of working medium, a mixed heat-releasing process 9-c of the (M.sub.1+M.sub.2) kg of working medium and the H kg of working medium, a depressurization process c-d of the (M.sub.1+H) kg of working medium, a heat-releasing and condensation process d-1 of the (M.sub.1+H) kg of working medium.

[0101] (2) From the Perspective of Energy Conversion.

[0102] {circle around (1)} Heat absorption processes: the absorbed heat in the process e-c of the H kg of working medium is provided by the heat-releasing in the process 6-9 of the (M.sub.1+M) kg of working medium and the process 9-c of the (M.sub.1+M.sub.2) kg of working medium, or by an external heat source at the same time. The absorbed heat in the process 2-b of the M.sub.1 kg of working medium is provided by the mixed heat-releasing of the M kg of working medium, or by an external heat source at the same time. In the process b-3 of the (M.sub.1+M) kg of working medium, the process 4-5 of the (M.sub.1+M) kg of working medium and the process 7-8 of the (M.sub.2−M) kg of working medium, the absorbed heat is provided by an external heat source.

[0103] {circle around (2)} Heat-releasing processes. In the process 6-9, the (M.sub.1+M) kg of working medium mixes with and releases heat to the H kg of working medium, and the temperature of the (M.sub.2−M) kg of working medium is lowered to state 9. In the process 9-c, the (M.sub.1+M.sub.2) kg of working medium mixes with and releases heat to the H kg of working medium, and the temperature of the (M.sub.1+M.sub.2) kg of working medium is lowered to state c. The heat released by the (M.sub.1+H) kg of working medium in process d-1 is usually released to the low-temperature heat sink, or be supplied to the heat user when cogeneration is applicable.

[0104] {circle around (3)} Energy conversion processes. The pressurization process 1-2 of the M.sub.1 kg of working medium and the pressurization process 1-e of H kg of working medium are usually achieved by pumps. The pressurization process c-a of the M.sub.2 kg of working medium and the pressurization process a-7 of the (M.sub.2−M) kg of working medium are usually achieved by compressors. The depressurization (and expansion) process 3-4 of the (M.sub.1+M) kg of working medium, the depressurization (and expansion) process 5-6 of the (M.sub.1+M) kg of working medium, the depressurization (and expansion) process 8-9 of the (M.sub.2−M) kg of working medium and the depressurization (and expansion) process c-d of the (M.sub.1+H) kg of working medium are usually achieved by expanders. The total expansion work output is greater than the total pressurization work input; therefore, thermal energy is converted into power (the cycle's net work), and the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.

[0105] The T-s diagram of the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle in FIG. 12 works as follows:

[0106] (1) From the perspective of the cycle's processes. The working medium conducts eighteen processes: a pressurization process 1-2 of the M.sub.1 kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 2-b of the M.sub.1 kg of working medium, a heat-absorption vaporization and superheating process b-3 of the (M.sub.1+M) kg of working medium, a depressurization process 3-4 of the (M.sub.1+M) kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 4-5 of the (M.sub.1+M) kg of working medium, a pressurization process 1-e of the H kg of working medium, a heat-absorption vaporization and superheating process e-c of the H kg of working medium, a pressurization process c-a of the M.sub.2 kg of working medium, a mixed heat-releasing process a-b of the M kg of working medium and the M.sub.1 kg of working medium, a pressurization process a-5 of the (M.sub.2−M) kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 5-6 of the (M.sub.1+M.sub.2) kg of working medium, a depressurization process 6-9 of the X kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 6-7 of the (M.sub.1+M.sub.2−X) kg of working medium, a depressurization process 7-8 of the (M.sub.1+M.sub.2−X) kg of working medium, a mixed heat-releasing process 8-9 of the (M.sub.1+M.sub.2−X) kg of working medium and the H kg of working medium, a mixed heat-releasing process 9-c of the (M.sub.1+M.sub.2) kg of working medium and the H kg of working medium, a depressurization process c-d of the (M.sub.1+H) kg of working medium, a heat-releasing and condensation process d-1 of the (M.sub.1+H) kg of working medium.

[0107] (2) From the Perspective of Energy Conversion.

[0108] {circle around (1)} Heat absorption processes: the absorbed heat in the process e-c of the H kg of working medium is provided by the heat-releasing in the process 8-9 of the (M.sub.1+M.sub.2−X) kg of working medium and the process 9-c of the (M.sub.1+M.sub.2) kg of working medium, or by an external heat source at the same time. The absorbed heat in the process 2-b of the M.sub.1 kg of working medium is provided by the mixed heat-releasing of the M kg of working medium, or by an external heat source at the same time. In the process b-3 of the (M.sub.1+M) kg of working medium, the process 4-5 of the (M.sub.1+M) kg of working medium, the process 5-6 of the (M.sub.1+M.sub.2) kg of working medium and the process 6-7 of the (M.sub.1+M.sub.2−X) kg of working medium, the absorbed heat is provided by an external heat source.

[0109] {circle around (2)} Heat-releasing processes. In the process 8-9, the (M.sub.1+M.sub.2−X) kg of working medium mixes with and releases heat to the H kg of working medium, and the temperature of the (M.sub.2−M) kg of working medium is lowered to state 9. In the process 9-c, the (M.sub.1+M.sub.2) kg of working medium mixes with and releases heat to the H kg of working medium, and the temperature of the (M.sub.1+M.sub.2) kg of working medium is lowered to state c. The heat released by the (M.sub.1+H) kg of working medium in process d-1 is usually released to the low-temperature heat sink, or be supplied to the heat user when cogeneration is applicable.

[0110] {circle around (3)} Energy conversion processes. The pressurization process 1-2 of the M.sub.1 kg of working medium and the pressurization process 1-e of H kg of working medium are usually achieved by pumps. The pressurization process c-a of the M.sub.2 kg of working medium and the pressurization process a-5 of the (M.sub.2−M) kg of working medium are usually achieved by compressors. The depressurization (and expansion) process 3-4 of the (M.sub.1+M) kg of working medium, the depressurization (and expansion) process 6-9 of the X kg of working medium, the depressurization (and expansion) process 7-8 of the (M.sub.1+M.sub.2−X) kg of working medium and the depressurization (and expansion) process c-d of the (M.sub.1+H) kg of working medium are usually achieved by expanders. The total expansion work output is greater than the total pressurization work input; therefore, thermal energy is converted into power (the cycle's net work), and the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.

[0111] The technical effects of the present invention invention: The single-working-medium vapor combined cycle proposed by the present invention has the following effects and advantages:

[0112] (1) A basic theory of thermal energy (temperature difference) utilization has been created.

[0113] (2) The present invention greatly reduces the amount of heat absorbed in the phase-change region, and correspondingly increases the amount of heat absorbed in the high-temperature region or the variable temperature region. Therefore, the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle can achieve high efficiency.

[0114] (3) The present invention possesses simple methods, reasonable processes and good applicability. It is a common technology to realize the effective utilization of temperature differences.

[0115] (4) The present invention only uses a single working medium, which is easy to produce and store. The present invention can also reduce the operation cost and improve the flexibility of cycle regulation.

[0116] (5) The processes in the present invention are shared and reduced, which provides a theoretical basis for reducing equipment investment.

[0117] (6) In the high temperature region or the variable temperature region, both the cycle's working medium and the heat source medium conduct variable-temperature processes; therefore, the temperature difference loss is reduced and the efficiency is improved.

[0118] (7) The present invention adopts the low-pressure and high-temperature operation mode in the high-temperature region; therefore, the contradiction among thermal efficiency, the working medium's parameters and the material's temperature resistance and pressure resistance abilities, which is common in traditional vapor power devices, can be resolved.

[0119] (8) Under the precondition of achieving a high thermal efficiency, the vapor power device provided in the present invention can operate at a low pressure. The present invention provides theoretical support for improving the safety of device operation.

[0120] (9) The present invention possesses a wide range of applicable working media. The present invention can match energy supply with demand well. It is flexible to match the working medium and the working parameters.

[0121] (10) The present invention expands the range of thermodynamic cycles for temperature difference utilization, and contributes to a higher-efficiency power generation of high-temperature heat sources and variable-temperature heat sources.