METHOD FOR THE HEAT TREATMENT OF A METAL PRODUCT

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for the heat treatment of a metallic product (P), in particular a strip or sheet, in which the product (P) is controlled and/or regulated by means of a control and/or regulating device (100) controlled and/or regulated furnace device (110) is carried out at a predetermined speed in a conveying direction (F), the product (P) being heated up to a first point (I) and then up to a second location (H) or is cooled down to a third location (III). The method according to the invention is characterized in that an austenite content of the product P is predicted for the second location (H) or for the third location (III) and it is then checked whether this austenite proportion is within a desired target range, in which case If a deviation from this is found, for example a zone temperature of the furnace device 110 is adjusted and preferably regulated in such a way that the austenite proportion of the product P predicted for the second location (II) or for the third location (III) is within a desired quality window for the target value of the austenite content.

Claims

1. A method for the heat treatment of a metallic product (P), in particular a strip or sheet, in which the product (P) is transported through a furnace device at a predetermined speed in a conveying direction (F), with the furnace device being controlled and/or regulated by means of a control and/or regulating device (100), wherein the product (P) is heated until reaching a first location (I) and is then cooled until reaching a second location (II) or a third location (III), wherein the second or third location—viewed in the conveying direction (F) of the product (P)—are each downstream of the first location (I), characterized by the further steps of: (i) determining a quality window for the product (P) in the second position (II) or in the third position (III) in relation to the austenite content, whereby the quality window by a minimum Value and a maximum value is defined, (ii) predicting a temperature for the product (P) at the second point (II) or at the third point (III), in particular by solving a heat transfer equation as a function of a temperature of the product (P) at one of the second position (II) or the third position (III) position upstream and/or depending on the speed of the product (P), (iii) predicting the austenite content of the product (P) at the second location (II) or at the third location (III) by means of a metallurgical and/or data-based model on the basis of the temperature predicted according to step (ii), and (iv) if an austenite proportion of the product (P) predicted for the second location (II) or third location (III) according to step (iii) lies outside the quality window of step (i): Adjustment of at least one zone temperature of the furnace device (110) and/or the speed of the product (P) in the conveying direction (F) by means of the control and/or regulating device (100), such that the austenite content of the product (P) predicted for the second or third location comes or lies within the quality window.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the computing speed for step (ii) and/or for step (iii) is selected to be faster than in real time.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the adaptation according to step (iv) takes place in the manner of a regulation, wherein the control and or regulating device (100) takes over the function of a regulator and a zone temperature of the furnace device (110) and/or the speed of the product (P) in the conveying direction (F) serve as the manipulated variable.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the minimum value and the maximum value for the quality window according to step (i) in relation to at least one mechanical property of the product (p) is measured, wherein the mechanical property of the product (P) is preferably the tensile strength and/or yield point and/or elongation.

5. The method according to 1, characterized in that an austenite target value is determined for the product (P) which lies within the quality window according to step (i), preferably that the target value is calculated based on a measured value.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that the adjustment according to step (iv) takes place in such a way that the austenite content of the product (P) predicted for the second location (II) or for the third location (III) either corresponds to the austenite target value or only deviates slightly from the austenite target value.

7. The method according to 1, characterized in that a second location (II)—viewed in the conveying direction (F) of the product (P)—is located between the first location (I) and the third location (III) the product (P) being cooled slowly between the first location (I) and the second location (II) and being cooled rapidly between the second location (II) and the third location (III).

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that the product (P) is a steel which has a mass fraction of silicon of at least 0.3% and a mass fraction of manganese of at least 1%.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that the mass fraction of silicon is at least 0.3%, 0.31%, 0.32%, 0.33%, 0.34%, 0.35%, 0.36%, 0.37%, 0.38%, 0.39%, 0.4%, 0.41%, 0.42%, 0.43%, 0.44%, 0.45%, 0.46%, 0.47%, 0.48%, 0.49%, 0.5%, 0.51%, 0.52%, 0.53%, 0.54%, 0.55%, 0.56%, 0.57%, 0.58%, 0.59%, 0.6%, 0.61%, 0.62%, 0.63%, 0.64%, 0.65%, 0.66%, 0.67%, 0.68%, 0.69%, 0.7%, 0.71%, 0.72%, 0.73%, 0.74%, 0.75%, 0.76%, 0.77%, 0.78%, 0.79%, 0.8%, 0.81%, 0.82%, 0.83%, 0.84%, 0.85%, 0.86%, 0.87%, 0.88%, 0.89%, 0.9%, 0.91%, 0.92%, 0.93%, 0.94%, 0.95%, 0.96%, 0.97%, 0.98%, 0.99%, 1% or up to 1.5%.

10. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that the mass fraction of manganese is at least 1.01%, 1.02%, 1.03%, 1.04%, 1.05%, 1.06%, 1.07%, 1.08%, 1.09%, 1.1%, 1.11%, 1.12%, 1.13%, 1.14%, 1.15%, 1.16%, 1.17%, 1.18%, 1.19%, 1.2%, 1.21%, 1.22%, 1.23%, 1.24%, 1.25%, 1.26%, 1.27%, 1.28%, 1.29%, 1.3%, 1.31%, 1.32%, 1.33%, 1.34%, 1.35%, 1.36%, 1.37%, 1.38%, 1.39%, 1.4%, 1.41%, 1.42%, 1.43%, 1.44%, 1.45%, 1.46% 1.47%, 1.48%, 1.49%, 1.5%, 1.51% or up to 2%.

11. The method according claim 8, characterized in that the sum of the mass fractions of silicon and manganese at least 1.3%, preferably that the sum of the mass fractions of silicon and manganese is at least 1.31%, 1.32%, 1.33%, 1.34%, 1.35%, 1.36%, 1.37%, 1.38%, 1.39%, 1.40%, 1.41%, 1.42%, 1.43%, 1.44%, 1.45%, 1.46%, 1.47%, 1.48%, 1.49%, 1.50%, 1.51%, 1.52%, 1.53%, 1.54%, 1.55%, 1.56%, 1.57%, 1.58%, 1.59%, 1.6%, 1.61%, 1.62%, 1.63%, 1.64%, 1.65%, 1.66%, 1.67%, 1.68%, 1.69%, 1.7%, 1.71%, 1.72%, 1.73%, 1.74%, 1.75%, 1.76%, 1.77%, 1.78%, 1.79%, 1.8%, 1.81%, 1.82%, 1.83%, 1.4%, 1.5%, 1.86%, 1.87%, 1.88%, 1.89%, 1.9%, 1.91%, 1.92%, 1.93%, 1.94%, 1.95%, 1.96%, 1, 97%, 1.98%, 1.99%, 2%, 2.01% or up to 2.5%.

12. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that the austenite content of the product (P) at the second point (II) is taken into account for carrying out steps (i) to (iv).

13. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that the adjustment according to step (iv) is carried out taking into account a capacity of the slow-speed between the first location (I) and the second location (II) cooling.

14. The method according to 1, characterized in that for the heat treatment of the product (P) at least one inductor (112) is provided, which is controlled or regulated by the control and/or regulating device (100), wherein the inductor (112) is arranged either inside the furnace device (110) and/or—viewed in the conveying direction (F) of the product (P)-upstream and/or downstream of the furnace device (110), preferably that the inductor (112) is a transverse inductor

15. The method according to 1, characterized in that the austenite content for the product (P) at the second location (II) and/or at the third location (III) is determined by measurement, preferably that the measurement of the austenite content at the second location (II) and/or at the third location (III) takes place non-destructively, in particular through the use of X-rays (9).

16. The method according to 1, characterized in that a coil change is imminent for the product (P), in particular at a second location (II) or third location (III).

Description

[0041] Exemplary embodiments of the invention are described in detail below with reference to a schematic drawing. It is shown in:

[0042] FIG. 1 a simplified side view of a processing line for the heat treatment of a metallic product using a method according to the present invention,

[0043] FIG. 2 a block diagram for a control and/or regulating device which is used in the processing line of FIG. 1,

[0044] FIG. 3 a part of the control and/or regulating device from FIG. 2 according to a modified embodiment,

[0045] FIG. 4 a diagram for a temperature during the heat treatment according to the method according to the invention, as a function of time or furnace length,

[0046] FIG. 5 the diagram from FIG. 4, supplemented by explanations relating to the microstructure of the heat-treated metallic product,

[0047] FIG. 6 a diagram for a temperature during the heat treatment according to the method according to the invention according to a modified embodiment, as a function of time or furnace length,

[0048] FIG. 7 a diagram for the austenite proportion as a function of a cumulative coil length, this austenite proportion changing during the heat treatment of a metallic product with the one according to the invention,

[0049] FIG. 8 a symbolic representation of the resulting tensile strength that is established in the course of the method according to the invention based on an austenite content of the product after slow cooling,

[0050] FIG. 9 a diagram to illustrate influences according to the prior art on the mechanical properties of a metallic product during its manufacture or heat treatment, and

[0051] FIG. 10 a symbolic representation of the resulting tensile strength which is established in the course of a conventional method based on a strip temperature of the product after slow cooling.

[0052] In the following, preferred embodiments of a method according to the invention are explained with reference to FIGS. 1-8, with which a heat treatment is carried out for a metallic product P in a processing line B, which is equipped with a control and/or regulating device 100 and a furnace device 110 controlled by the control and/or regulating device. The same features in the drawing are given the same reference numerals. It is noted that the drawing is only shown in a simplified manner and, in particular, without a scale.

[0053] FIG. 1 shows, symbolically simplified, a processing line B along which a metallic product P is subjected to a targeted heat treatment. In the course of this heat treatment, the product P is heated and then cooled again.

[0054] The product P is moved in the processing line B in a conveying direction, symbolized in FIG. 1 and in FIG. 2 with arrow “F”. Here, product P is subjected to heat treatment along the processing line B at or between different locations. In particular, a first location I, a second location II and a third location III are provided for this purpose, wherein these locations are each symbolized in a simplified manner in the illustration of FIG. 1 by an “X”. FIG. 1 shows that the second location II—viewed in the conveying direction F of the product P—is situated between the first location I and the third location

[0055] The processing line B is equipped with a control and/or regulating device 100 and a furnace device 110. In the illustration of FIG. 1, the furnace device 110 is symbolized in a simplified manner by a rectangle with dashed lines.

[0056] In order to carry out a method according to the invention and the heat treatment of the product provided for this purpose, the furnace device 100 is controlled and/or regulated in a targeted manner by the control and/or regulating device 100, which will be explained in more detail below.

[0057] In the course of its heat treatment along the processing line B, the product P is passed through the furnace device 110. With the furnace device 110 it is possible to heat and/or cool the product P in a targeted manner. In the process according to the invention, as explained above, the product P can be cooled by using a cooling gas (e.g. a mixture of nitrogen and hydrogen) and/or by using a cooling liquid (e.g. in the form of an immersion bath, or application of the cooling liquid on surfaces of the product via nozzles), for example within the furnace device, upstream of the furnace device and/or downstream of the furnace device, in each case viewed in the conveying direction F of the product.

[0058] An inductor 112 can be used for the method according to the invention. Such an inductor 112 can be arranged within the furnace device 110, symbolized in FIG. (?) 112 by a rectangle. With regard to the positioning of the rectangular symbol for the inductor 112 at the top right within the dashed rectangle 110 for the furnace device, it is pointed out that this positioning does not correlate with the actual spatial arrangement of the inductor 112 within the furnace device 110. In any case, the inductor 112 is used within the furnace device 110 at a location where a high energy density for heating the product P in a short time is desired. For this purpose, the inductor 112 is preferably designed as a transverse inductor.

[0059] To carry out a method according to the present invention, it can be provided that the product P is heated or its temperature increased until reaching the first location I. Thereafter, the product P is slowly cooled between the first location 1 and the second location II. The product P is then rapidly cooled between the second location II and the third location III. A corresponding temperature profile for the product P as a function of time or the length of the furnace device 110 is shown in each of the representations of FIGS. 4, 5 and 6 and is explained separately below.

[0060] FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram for the control and/or regulating device 100. The individual elements which are part of this control and/or regulating device 100 and the processes or items associated therewith for carrying out a method according to the present invention, are provided with the following reference symbols or explained, in the sense of a legend: [0061] P Metallic product (e.g. strip or sheer), also designated with “28”; [0062] 1 Austenite content calculation (for the example of slow cooling according to the first embodiment of the method according to the invention, otherwise model for the variable that the measuring device 9 measures); [0063] 2 Strip temperature calculation; [0064] 3 Prediction of austenite content (for the example of slow cooling according to the first embodiment of the method according to the invention, otherwise model for the variable that the measuring device 9 measures); [0065] 4 Specified strip temperatures; [0066] 5 Predicted strip temperatures; [0067] 6 Controllers for zone temperatures of the furnace device 110 (this also includes the cooling zones) and/or for the speed of the product P in the conveying direction F (=strip speed); [0068] 7 Regulator with austenite content (for the example of slow cooling according to the first embodiment of the method according to the invention, otherwise model for the variable that the measuring device 9 measures); [0069] 8 Slow cooling and areas upstream thereof; [0070] 9 X-ray measuring device [0071] 10 Fast cooling and areas downstream thereof; [0072] 11 Quality window for austenite content (for the example of slow cooling according to the first embodiment of the method according to the invention, otherwise for the variable that the measuring device 9 measures); [0073] 12 Chemical composition of the product P; [0074] 13 Pre-process data; [0075] 14 Predicted austenite content; [0076] 15 Specifications for the planned mode of operation of the furnace device 110; [0077] 16 Predicted strip temperatures; [0078] 17 Predicted strip temperatures; [0079] 18 Specifications for the planned mode of operation of the furnace device 110; [0080] 19 Furnace zone temperatures and strip temperatures; [0081] 20 Strip temperatures (for the example of strip temperatures apart from slow cooling, i.e. e.g. holding temperature, heating temperature, rapid cooling temperature); [0082] 21 Pre-control value for a specific strip temperature, on which the controller for the austenite content acts (for the example strip temperature after slow cooling); [0083] 22 Controller output of controller 7, which is added to the pre-control value 21. (for the example strip temperature after slow cooling); [0084] 23 Quality window for austenite content (for the example of slow cooling according to the first embodiment of the method according to the invention, otherwise for the variable that the measuring device 9 measures); [0085] 24 Specification for furnace zone temperatures (for example for slow cooling and areas upstream thereof); [0086] 25 Furnace zone temperatures and strip temperatures; [0087] 26 Austenite content (measured by the X-ray measuring device 9); and [0088] 27 Specifications for furnace zone temperatures (for example for rapid cooling and areas downstream thereof, according to the second embodiment of the method according to the invention).

[0089] in the following, a main variant of a first embodiment of the method according to the invention is explained in more detail, which is preferably carried out for dual-phase steels or complex-phase steels. The temperature profile for the product P, which is established by the heat treatment within processing line. B, is shown qualitatively in the diagrams of FIG. 4 and FIG. 5.

[0090] As mentioned above, the product P is first heated until reaching to the first location I in the method according to the invention. This heating of the product P can expediently take place by or in the furnace device 110, and corresponds to the rising part at the beginning of the temperature profile in the diagram of FIG. 4. Following this, the product is slowly cooled between the first location I and the second location II, before the product is then rapidly cooled between the second location II and the third location III.

[0091] To clarify the above-mentioned heating and cooling processes for the diagram of FIG. 4, the first, second and third location are each denoted by I, II and III, adjacent to its graph for the temperature profile. In particular, the negative slope for the temperature profile between locations I-II and II-III makes clear that the product is cooled between these locations.

[0092] The diagram of FIG. 5 corresponds to that of FIG. 4, wherein the contents of austenite, ferrite and martensite in the microstructure of the product P at the various locations during the mentioned heat treatment are illustrated quantitatively in FIG. 5 by corresponding circular symbols.

[0093] The method according to the first embodiment is characterized in that an austenite content of the product P is predicted for location II at which the slow cooling for the product P has ended. With regard to this predicted austenite content, the method according to the invention is then used to check whether this austenite content lies within a desired target range or corresponds to a desired target value., wherein when a deviation from the target range or target value is detected, at least one zone temperature of the furnace device 110 and/or the speed of the product in conveying direction F is adjusted and preferably regulated in such a way that the austenite content of the product P predicted for the second location II is within a desired quality window for the target value of the austenite content.

[0094] In addition to the processes that are already self-explanatory from the block diagram of FIG. 2 and the legend provided therefore, the following information is provided for carrying out the method according to the invention according to the first embodiment:

[0095] In a step (i), a quality window with regard to the austenite content is determined for the product P at the second location II. To determine this quality window, a maximum value and a minimum value are preferably calculated on the basis of measured values of the product P determined in a laboratory. The difference between the maximum value and the minimum value then defines the quality window in relation to the austenite content of the product, which content should be present at location II (i.e. after completion of the slow cooling). Advantageously, a target value is also determined or calculated, which lies between the maximum value and the minimum value and thus within the mentioned quality window.

[0096] The above-mentioned quality window for the austenite content after slow cooling is also shown in the illustration of HG. 8 (in the left-hand area thereof). The same also applies to the target value, which, as explained, Has between the maximum value and the minimum value.

[0097] To calculate or determine the aforementioned austenite content at location H, the control and/or regulating device 100 is equipped with a block 1 (e.g. a model or program) according to FIG. 2 to predict the austenite content. The arrow 11, which points in the direction of block 3, symbolizes that the previously determined quality window for the austenite content is taken into account for the prediction of the austenite content.

[0098] In a step (ii) of the method according to the first embodiment, a temperature for the product P at the second location II is predicted by solving a heat transfer equation

[0099] in a manner known per se. As already explained above, this prediction of the temperatures for the product P can also be carried out by means of stored measurements. In any case, this temperature prediction takes place as a function of a temperature of the product P at a position upstream of the second location II, e.g. in the processing line B. For this purpose, the control and/or regulating device 100 is equipped with a block 2 (e.g. model or program) for the strip temperature calculation. The temperatures for the product P (also referred to as “strip temperatures” in FIG. 2) are predicted by block 5, wherein the strip temperatures predicted by block 5 are on the one hand then transferred to block 3, symbolized in FIG. 2 by arrow “16”, and on the other hand, symbolized in FIG. 2 by the arrow “17”, are transferred to a block denoted in FIG. 2 with the reference symbol “4” (according to the legend to FIG. 2: “specified strip temperatures”).

[0100] After block 3 has received the data for the strip temperatures predicted at location II, this block 3 is now used in a step (iii) to predict the austenite content of the product in the second position II on the basis of the temperature predicted in step (ii) using a metallurgical and/or data-based model. In the curve for the temperature profile of FIG. 4, this is also indicated by the designation “3/step (iii)”, which is mentioned at the end of the slow cooling. The austenite content thus predicted, symbolized in FIG. 2 by the arrow “14”, is transferred from block 3 to block 4, which is labelled “specified strip temperatures” according to the legend to FIG. 2.

[0101] Following this, in a step (iv), the method according to the invention according to the first embodiment checks whether the predicted austenite content is outside the quality window according to step (i). If this is the case, as mentioned above, at least one zone temperature of the furnace device 110 and/or the speed of the product in the conveying direction F is adjusted. This is preferably done in the manner of a regulation. This is done with the aid of block 4, as explained below.

[0102] For the first embodiment of the method according to the invention, step (iv) then further provides that a pre-control value, denoted by “21” in FIG. 2, is sent from block 4 to controller 6 for the zone temperatures of furnace device 110.

[0103] The arrow “23” in FIG. 2 symbolizes that the controller 7 receives information or data on the quality window for the austenite content (predicted at location II). In FIG. 2, “22” denotes the regulator output which is added to the aforementioned pre-control value 21.

[0104] In any case, in the first embodiment of the method according to the invention, the regulation of specific zone temperatures of the furnace device 110 and/or the speed of the product in the conveying direction F, in particular through the use of the controller 7, is carried out in such a way that the austenite content predicted for location II of the product P returns to or remains in the quality window of step (i). Optimally, the austenite content predicted for location II corresponds to the associated target value, which lies within the quality window between the maximum value and the minimum value (see also FIG. 8), or the predicted austenite content differs only slightly from this target value.

[0105] FIG. 8 shows a symbolic representation for a change in the mechanical properties of the product P, using the example of the resulting tensile strength alter the product has been heat-treated with the method according to the invention according to the first embodiment. A comparison with FIG. 10 shows that the present invention enables reducing the effects of influences, for example on the resulting tensile strength, compared with the prior art.

[0106] With regard to blocks 3, 4 and 5, it is emphasized that a computing speed faster than real time has been selected or set for this purpose. This also applies mutatis mutandis to steps (ii) and (iii) of the method according to the invention.

[0107] The blocks 3, 4, 5 and 6 as well as the controller 7 are expediently permanently, and thus continuously, operated in the background for the heat treatment that is carried out for the product P with the furnace device 110. This makes it possible for the present invention to achieve an advantageously short reaction time with regard to possible changes hi input parameters, particularly when a coil change is pending, by adjusting the control of the furnace device 110 or the strip speed at an early stage, for example. Such an early reaction, which is achieved with the regulation according to the invention as a function of the predicted austenite content at location II, is symbolized in the diagram of FIG. 7 by the dashed areas of the austenite content as a function of the cumulative coil length, in connection with the change from a coil A to a coil B.

[0108] FIG. 3 shows a modified part of the control and/or regulating device 100 from FIG. 2, with reference to block 4. With this modification of the block, the first embodiment of the method according to the invention is also carried out, wherein dynamic temperature quality windows are derived based on austenite quality windows. The following supplementary legend is serves to explain FIG. 3: [0109] 29 Specification for quality window for strip temperatures (for the example for slow cooling according to the first embodiment) [0110] 30 Specification strip temperatures [0111] 31 Quality window for strip temperatures (for example for slow cooling according to the first embodiment)

[0112] The modified first embodiment of the method according to the invention essentially corresponds to the previously explained main variant of the first embodiment, with the strip temperatures (4) now being specified in the following manner: Quality windows are defined for the austenite content. These are derived from quality windows for the mechanical properties. In addition, the following steps take place: [0113] Quality windows for the slow cooling strip temperature are determined from the austenite quality windows and the prediction for the austenite contents (29). [0114] The window for the annealing temperature is a normal window or can be adjusted by the requirement for the austenite content or the capacity of the slow cooling via (31) [0115] These dynamic quality windows are then used in the specification of the strip temperatures (30).

[0116] A second embodiment for the method according to the invention is shown in the diagram of FIG. 6 in relation to a possible temperature profile as a function of time or furnace length. This second embodiment is preferably carried out for quenching and partitioning steels (“Q&P steels”) and is characterized in that step (iii) for predicting the austenite content is carried out only after the fast cooling has been completed and is therefore carried out at the third location. This is shown for the curve of the temperature profile in the diagram of FIG. 6 by positioning the designation “3/step (iii)” at location III. Furthermore, in the remaining steps (i), (ii) and (iv) of the method according to this second embodiment, the focus is of course exclusively on the third location in relation to the austenite content or the predicted temperature required therefore.

[0117] It is noted that the temperature profile established for the product P in the method according to the second embodiment can also deviate from the profile of FIG. 6. For example, it is possible that, in the second embodiment, slow cooling between the first location I and the second location II is carried out either in a different manner or does not take place at all. In the latter case, this means that, following the heating of the product P until reaching the first location I, rapid cooling then takes place directly until reaching the third location III, with a second location being absent or irrelevant.

[0118] Otherwise, the sequence of the method according to the second embodiment corresponds mutatis mutandis to the main variant of the first embodiment, so that reference is made thereto in order to avoid repetitions.

[0119] The present invention is particularly suitable for use in galvanizing lines, annealing lines or similar systems in which a metallic product, in particular in the form of a strip or sheet, is subjected to a heat treatment, the product being heated and/or cooled in a targeted manner. This means that the processing line B mentioned above can be a galvanizing line or an annealing line.

[0120] if the heating of the product P, which as explained takes place until reaching the first location I, is to be performed within a short time with correspondingly large temperature gradient, the invention can also use the inductor 112 (cf. FIG. 1) for this purpose. In this way, inductor 112 is used as a fast manipulated variable for the present invention. For induction-based heating, it is advantageous that the energy introduced into the metallic product P can be changed quickly.

[0121] Finally, with regard to the implementation of a method according to the present invention, it is pointed out that the austenite content for the product P at the second location II (in the first embodiment) or at the third location III (in the second embodiment) is also determined by measurement, preferably non-destructively through the use of X-rays. The result of this measurement is then sent to the controller 7 and is used to verify the values predicted for the second location II or third location III and to correct these values in the event of a deviation. This is expressed in the block diagram of FIG. 2 by block “9” the signal output of which is directed to the block of the controller 7 with arrow “26”.