STIFFENED PANEL OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS AND METHOD FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF SAID PANEL

Abstract

Method for manufacturing a stiffened panel of composite materials and a stiffened panel, comprising: a skin (1), and stiffeners (3, 4),
wherein the manufacturing method comprises the following steps: providing a skin (1), making a plurality of through drill holes (6) on the skin (1) located in correspondence with areas where the placement of stiffeners (3, 4) is expected, introducing threaded bolts (5) in the through drill holes (6) such that the head (11) of the threaded bolt (5) remains housed in the skin (1), locating a threaded nut (10) on the free end of the threaded bolts (5), manufacturing the stiffeners (3, 4) such that the threaded bolts (5) and the threaded nut (10) remain embedded in the stiffeners (3, 4).

Claims

1. A method for manufacturing a stiffened panel of composite materials, comprising: a skin in laminar form that comprises an inner face and an outer face, and stiffeners located on the inner face of said skin and situated in longitudinal and transverse directions thereto, wherein the manufacturing method includes the following steps: providing a skin, making a plurality of through drill holes on the skin located in correspondence with areas where the placement of stiffeners is expected, introducing threaded bolts in the through drill holes, wherein the threaded bolts comprise a body and a head, such that the head of the threaded bolt remains housed in the skin, locating a threaded nut on the free end of the threaded bolts opposite the head, manufacturing the stiffeners on the inner face of the skin, such that the threaded bolts and the threaded nut remain embedded within the stiffeners.

2. The method for manufacturing a stiffened panel of composite materials, according to claim 1, wherein, in order to manufacture the stiffeners, a plurality of layers of composite material are stacked on top of the inner face of the skin.

3. The method for manufacturing a stiffened panel of composite materials, according to claim 2, wherein the layers of composite material of the stiffeners are pre-impregnated.

4. The method for manufacturing a stiffened panel of composite materials, according to claim 3, wherein the stiffeners are manufactured using a pre-impregnated material such as: Sheet Moulding Compound (SMC), Bulk Moulding Compound (BMC) or pre-preg.

5. The method for manufacturing a stiffened panel of composite materials, according to claim 2, wherein, after the stacking of the layers of composite material, a mould is set in place to shape them.

6. The method for manufacturing a stiffened panel of composite materials, according to claim 1, wherein, before the step of manufacturing the stiffeners, the outer face of the skin is located on a mould.

7. The method for manufacturing a stiffened panel of composite materials, according to claim 1, the skin is manufactured by infusion (LRI), RTM, CRTM or HP-RTM made of resin and dry fibre, glass or carbon fibre.

8. The method for manufacturing a stiffened panel of composite materials, according to claim 1, wherein the head of the threaded bolt remains flush with the outer face of the skin.

9. The method for manufacturing a stiffened panel of composite materials, according to according to claim 1, wherein the threaded bolts are located in the areas where the longitudinal stiffeners and the transverse stiffeners meet.

10. A stiffened panel made of composite materials, comprising: a skin in laminar form that comprises an inner face and an outer face, and stiffeners located on the inner face of the skin and in longitudinal and transverse directions thereto, characterised in that it comprises: a set of through drill holes located on the skin in correspondence with areas where the placement of stiffeners is expected, a set of threaded bolts configured for the joining of the skin and the stiffeners and located in the set of through drill holes, wherein the threaded bolts comprise a body and a head, a threaded nut located on the free end of the threaded bolts opposite the head, wherein the heads of the threaded bolts are embedded in the skin and the threaded bolts and the body are embedded in the stiffeners.

11. The stiffened panel made of composite materials, according to claim 10, wherein the threaded bolts are located in the areas where the longitudinal stiffeners and the transverse stiffeners meet.

12. The stiffened panel made of composite materials, according to claim 10, wherein the stiffeners comprise a plurality of stacked layers of composite material.

Description

DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

[0029] Some figures have been provided to complete the description and in order to help to better understand the invention. Said figures are an integral part of the description and illustrate an exemplary embodiment of the invention.

[0030] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an embodiment of the panel which is the object of the invention. The flat shape of the skin and the system of stiffeners created to provide the skin with stiffness can be seen in it.

[0031] FIG. 2 is a bottom perspective view of the embodiment corresponding to FIG. 1, where the mechanical joint is seen embedded in the assembly, such that the head is flush with the skin.

[0032] FIG. 3 shows the stacking of the layers of dry fibre to manufacture the skin. The number of layers and the resin-to-fibre ratio will be calculated specifically for each application.

[0033] FIG. 4 shows the system of drill holes made on the skin having a countersunk shape toward the outer face of the skin through which the bolts are introduced.

[0034] FIG. 5 shows a section of the panel of the embodiment showing the joint after the introduction of the bolt through the skin. It can be seen how the countersunk shape remains flush with the outer face of the skin and the bolt located on the opposite end.

[0035] FIG. 6 shows a section of the panel of the embodiment showing how the mechanical joint remains embedded between the skin and the stiffeners.

[0036] FIG. 7 is a floor plan view showing the spots where the bolts would remain embedded. These spots correspond to the intersections of the longitudinal and transverse stiffeners and to intermediate positions of the longitudinal stiffeners.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0037] The joining of two components manufactured with different types of composite materials and by means of different manufacturing techniques is described in the embodiment shown in the figures.

[0038] According to the object of the invention, the component named skin (1), a first component manufactured by means of the infusion (LRI), the CRTM or the RTM method, all of them methods for manufacturing a composite material using resin and dry fibre, which could be of either glass or carbon, would be manufactured first.

[0039] The infusion technique consists in placing layers of fibre on a mould and covering them hermetically with a bag that is sealed at the edges. Next, the air that might be present between the bag and the reinforcement is removed, and the resin is injected. The bag would perform the function of upper mould. Once the injection is over, and after the curing process, the bag is removed.

[0040] Conversely, the RTM method consists in placing the fibre layers on a lower mould, closing it with an upper mould and injecting the resin at a certain pressure after removing the air that might remain in the interior to encourage the passage of the resin through the reinforcing layers. This process admits multiple variants according to the working pressure, such as: [0041] Low pressure RTM (LP-RTM) [0042] High pressure RTM (HP-RTM) [0043] Compression RTM (CRTM)

[0044] FIG. 1 shows the skin (1) and the system of stiffeners (3, 4), which will be both longitudinal (4), or spars, and transverse (3), or ribs, created to provide the skin (1) with stiffness. The mechanical joints cannot be seen from the side of the stiffeners (3, 4) because the invention has been conceived so that the mechanical joints remain embedded, such that they remain hidden inside the assembly when viewed from the inner face. The mechanical joint remains embedded in the panel, hidden from the inner face of the assembly and visible only from the outer part, the threaded bolt (5) remaining flush with the skin (1).

[0045] FIG. 2 is a bottom perspective view from where the through drill holes (6) of the skin (1) can be seen, the mechanical joint being embedded in the panel such that the head (11) is flush with the skin (1). In an embodiment, the threaded bolt (5) comprises a body (7) and a head (11), the head (11) having a countersunk shape and remaining flush with the skin (1) to keep the flat shape thereof (1) on its outer face (1.2).

[0046] FIG. 3 shows the stacking of the layers of dry fibre (8) to manufacture the skin (1). The number of layers and the resin-to-fibre ratio will be calculated specifically for each application. Regardless of whether the manufacturing process is by means of the infusion or the RTM method, the stacking of the dry fibre (8) will be done the same way, with the variant of different fibre weights and volumes being used. The manufacturing method will have bearing on the manner in which the resin is injected: in the case of infusion, the vacuum will be created by means of a bag, which will act as the upper mould, and in the case of RTM, by means of the application of pressure on closing an upper mould and injecting the resin at a certain pressure.

[0047] The system of through drill holes (6) made on the skin (1) can be seen in FIG. 4. As mentioned above, the through drill holes (6) have a countersunk shape toward the outer face (1.2) of the skin (1) through which the threaded bolts (5) will be introduced.

[0048] In the embodiment shown in the figures, the spots where the through drill holes (6) are to be made will correspond to the intersections of the system of longitudinal stiffeners (4) and transverse stiffeners (3). In addition, in the embodiment shown there are also through drill holes (6) on the longitudinal stiffeners (4) in correspondence with intermediate areas in between areas where they meet transverse stiffeners (3).

[0049] A section of the joint after the threaded bolt (5) has been introduced through the skin (1) has been depicted in FIG. 5. It can be seen how the head (11) remains flush with the outer face (1.2) of the skin (1), which contributes to keeping the flat shape of the outer face (1.2) of the skin (1).

[0050] On the other hand, the thread (10) of the threaded bolt (5) located on the end opposite the head (11), threaded on the threaded bolt (5), is also shown. The nut (10) will preferably have its outer face flat, such that the free end of the stiffeners (3, 4) remains flat too.

[0051] FIG. 6 shows the final step of the invention, wherein the mechanical joint remains embedded in the skin (1) and the stiffeners (3, 4).

[0052] In order to manufacture the stiffeners (3, 4), a plurality of layers of composite material are stacked on top of the inner face (1.1) of the skin (1). The layers of the stiffeners (3, 4) could be of a pre-impregnated material, such as SMC, BMC or pre-preg. After the layers of composite material are stacked, a mould would be set in place to shape them. In an embodiment, the plurality of layers of the stiffeners (3, 4) can be manufactured with Sheet Moulding Compound (SMC). Additionally, before the step of manufacturing the stiffeners (3, 4), the outer face (1.2) of the skin (1) could be situated on top of a mould.

[0053] Due to the complexity of the shape of the stiffeners (3, 4), the manufacturing method will preferably use Sheet Moulding Compound (SMC) or Bulk Moulding Compound (BMC).

[0054] Nevertheless, any moulding method by compression of pre-impregnated mouldable half-finished products will generically be valid. The technique consists in stacking a series of layers previously calculated for the specific application, in this case, on top of the inner face (1.1) of the skin (1) where the threaded nuts (10) of the threaded bolts (5) inserted through the through drill holes (6) of the skin (1) are.

[0055] According to the above, in an embodiment, the stiffeners (3, 4) are manufactured by resting the skin (1) with the through drill holes (6) inserted on a flat mould and then stacking the layers of SMC—pre-impregnated mouldable half-finished products—such that they remain resting on the inner face (1.1) of the skin (1) and on top of the threads of the bolts (5) introduced in the through drill holes (6). A pre-shaped upper mould will be needed to shape the layers of pre-impregnated material on closing it. On closing it, previously heated, and by applying pressure, the system of stiffeners (3, 4) will be shaped.

[0056] FIG. 7 depicts the spots where the threaded bolts (5) would remain embedded. These spots correspond to the intersections of the system of stiffeners (3, 4), with other additional spots located at intermediate positions between intersections of the longitudinal stiffeners (4), as depicted in the figure.