HOLDER FOR AN ELECTRODE OF A BUTTON BATTERY AND A BATTERY PROVIDED THEREWITH

Abstract

An electrically conductive holder is provided that is suitable for receiving a tablet electrode of a button battery. The holder includes a bottom portion to be fitted coaxially within terminal of a button battery. The holder further includes an upstanding wall portion. The bottom portion is flat and provided with a plurality of apertures through the complete thickness of the bottom portion. At least one group of apertures is distributed at regular angular intervals around the center of the bottom portion, spanning 360°. The strips of solid material of the bottom portion between two adjacent apertures are preferable narrow compared to the dimensions of the adjacent apertures so as to provide a mechanical support for the tablet electrode while also being able to deform under the influence of a volumetric expansion of the electrode.

Claims

1. An electrically conductive holder for holding a tablet-shaped electrode of a button battery pressed into the holder, the holder comprising a bottom portion and a ring-shaped wall portion rising upward from an edge area of the bottom portion, wherein the bottom portion is flat and comprises multiple apertures.

2. The holder according to claim 1, comprising at least one group of apertures which are equal in shape and size and distributed at regular angular intervals across an angle of 360° around the centre of the bottom portion.

3. The holder according to claim 2, further comprising an aperture that overlaps the centre of the bottom portion.

4. The holder according to claim 1, wherein the areas of solid material of the bottom portion, situated in between two adjacent apertures are narrow compared to the dimensions of the two adjacent apertures.

5. The holder according to claim 4, wherein each area of the bottom portion situated between two adjacent apertures comprises at least one location or sub-area where the shortest distance between the two adjacent apertures is smaller than the width of each the two adjacent apertures measured in the same direction as said smallest distance.

6. The holder according to claim 1, wherein at least a number of the apertures have a circular shape.

7. An assembly comprising a holder for holding a tablet-shaped electrode of a button battery pressed into the holder, the holder comprising a bottom portion and a ring-shaped wall portion rising upward from an edge area of the bottom portion, wherein the bottom portion is flat and comprises multiple apertures, and an electrode tablet pressed into the holder.

8. A button battery comprising a holder for holding a tablet-shaped electrode of a button battery pressed into the holder, the holder comprising a bottom portion and a ring-shaped wall portion rising upward from an edge area of the bottom portion, wherein the bottom portion is flat and comprises multiple apertures, the holder comprising a tablet-shaped cathode pressed into the holder, the battery comprising a can, a lid, a separator sheet and an anode, and wherein the holder is placed with its bottom portion in physical contact with the bottom of the can, while the separator sheet and the anode are placed on top of the cathode.

9. The button battery according to claim 8, wherein said battery is a lithium ion battery.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

[0012] FIG. 1 illustrates a holder for a cathode tablet of a CR battery, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.

[0013] FIGS. 2a and 2b illustrate the holder of FIG. 1, with a cathode tablet inserted therein.

[0014] FIGS. 3a and 3b illustrate a CR battery, equipped with the holder and tablet of FIGS. 1 and 2.

[0015] FIGS. 4a to 4d show alternative designs of a holder according to the invention.

[0016] FIGS. 5a to 5c show further alternative holder designs according to embodiments of the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION

[0017] FIG. 1 illustrates a holder 1 for a tablet-shaped cathode of a button battery in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. The holder comprises a wall portion 2 and a bottom portion 3, the bottom portion being flat and circular in shape, and provided with 5 circular apertures 4 of equal diameter, distributed at regular angular intervals spanning 360° around the centre 5 of the bottom portion 3. Both the wall and bottom portions are formed of an electrically conductive material, preferably a metal that is mechanically, chemically, and electrochemically stable under the environment inside the battery, for example stainless steels such as 304, 316, aluminium, nickel, and most precious metals. The bottom portion 3 and the wall portion 2 form an integral piece which may for example be produced by a stamping technique known as such in the art. The wall portion 2 rises up from the edge of the bottom portion 3, and is preferably oriented perpendicularly with respect to the plane of the bottom portion 3. The wall portion 2 thus represents a ring configured to maintain the material of the cathode tablet in its interior. The diameter of the bottom portion 3 is of an order of magnitude consistent with the dimensions of standard CR-type batteries, for example between 1 and 2 cm. In the embodiment shown, the diameter of the apertures 4 is such that the areas of solid material in between adjacent apertures are narrow compared to the dimensions of the apertures. According to a preferred embodiment, and as illustrated in FIG. 1, each area in between two adjacent apertures 4 comprises at least one location or sub-area where the shortest distance between the two adjacent apertures is smaller than the width of the two apertures measured along the same direction as said shortest distance. In the embodiment of FIG. 1, the shortest distance between each pair of circular apertures 4 is a constant value, indicated as w.sub.1 in the drawing. The above condition in this case is that w.sub.1 is smaller than the distances w.sub.2 measured along the same direction as w.sub.1. Preferably, w.sub.1 is significantly smaller than w.sub.2, for example less than half, or less than ⅓, or less than ¼ of w.sub.2. The advantage of this particular feature will be explained further in this text.

[0018] A cathode tablet is pressed into the holder, using a compacting technique for pressing a powder mixture containing active cathode material, a binder and other additives as described in the introduction. Compacting techniques known in the art for pressing a tablet into one of the above-described mesh or ring-type holding means may be applied. The result is illustrated in FIG. 2. In the embodiment shown, the compacted tablet 10 fills up the interior space of the wall portion 2 and is pressed into the apertures 4, so that tablet material is essentially level with the bottom surface of the holder 1. The tablet 10 may extend slightly above the upper rim of the wall portion 2, as illustrated.

[0019] FIGS. 3a and 3b show a CR battery 11 equipped with the cathode holder 1 with the cathode tablet 10 pressed therein. The image represents the battery 11 at the start of its battery life, i.e. before any significant volume change of the electrodes has taken place. The holder 1 sits inside the can 12 that forms the positive terminal of the battery, with its bottom portion 3 contacting the bottom of the can 12. As described above, the compacted tablet material fills the apertures 4 and is therefore in physical contact with the bottom of the can 12. This is however not a requirement for the invention. Especially when smaller apertures 4 are applied, the tablet material may not entirely fill the apertures so that the tablet is not in direct contact with the can 12. In any case, it is primarily the electrically conductive material of the tablet holder 1 which ensures the electrical conduction between the tablet 10 and the can 12. Direct electrical conduction between the tablet material in the apertures 4 and the can 12 may take place, as is the case in the embodiment shown in the drawings, but it is not a requirement.

[0020] Above the tablet 10 is a separator sheet 13, that separates the cathode tablet 10 from a lithium anode 14 located on top of the separator sheet 13. The anode 14 is covered by a metal lid 15 that forms the negative terminal of the battery. An electrically insulating gasket 16 is inserted between the outer rims of the can 12 and the lid 15, effectively separating the positive and negative terminals and closing off the interior of the battery 11 from the external atmosphere.

[0021] The separator 13 may be a sheet of solid electrolyte laminated onto the tablet 10, in which case the tablet 10 also comprises the solid electrolyte mixed together with the active material. Alternatively, the battery may include a liquid electrolyte. In this case, the tablet 10 is soaked in this liquid electrolyte and the separator 13 may be a porous polymeric film that is itself electrically insulating, but that can absorb the liquid electrolyte in order to conduct lithium ions from the anode 14 to the cathode 10.

[0022] Details of the separator sheet 13, the can 12 and the lid 15, the gasket 16 and the materials used for the electrodes 10 and 14 may be in accordance with known battery types. The cathode holder 1 is however novel compared to known batteries and provides a number of non-obvious advantages, as described hereafter.

[0023] The holder 1 comprises no 3D patterns, such as the staggered patterns described in CN103606684 and CN203553277. This allows for an easier stamping technique to be used for manufacturing the holder, whereas a multi-step stamping method is required for the 3D patterns. The lack of 3D patterns also guarantees the consistency of the tablet shape and dimensions during the compacting step. Furthermore, the smooth bottom portion avoids tangling among different holders, making the holder easier to handle during manufacturing. The apertures 4 can be produced by a cutting technique known as such in the art.

[0024] Also, the flat surface of the bottom portion 3 provided with apertures 4 does not lead to imperfect filling of the holder 1 with the compacted powder mixture during tablet pressing. The tablet thereby fills the holder 1 consistently and without the appearance of voids.

[0025] As stated above, between adjacent apertures 4 of the bottom portion 3, this bottom portion 3 preferably comprises strips of conductive material, which are narrow compared to the dimensions of the apertures 4 themselves. According to preferred embodiments, this ‘narrowness’ is quantified by the distances w.sub.1 and w.sub.2 illustrated in FIG. 1, with w.sub.1<w.sub.2, or w.sub.1<½w.sub.2 or w.sub.1<⅓w.sub.2 or w.sub.1<¼w.sub.2. On the one hand the narrow strips between the apertures 4 support the tablet and maintain its mechanical stability. On the other hand, as these strips are narrow compared to the other parts of the bottom portion, they are most likely to deform under the influence of the volumetric expansion of the tablet taking place during discharge. This deformation is advantageous because it causes the strips to bend towards the can 12, and to thereby be pushed against the can, ensuring that a good electrical contact is maintained. Taking into account the diameter and thickness of the tablet 10 and the applied materials, it is straightforward to design the dimensions and shape of the apertures 4 so that the above-described bending of the strips towards the can 12 takes place during discharge. The minimum value of w1 is determined by the strength and elasticity of the material of the holder. The material must be able to stretch and maintain contact with the cup during discharge without breaking.

[0026] When liquid electrolyte is used, the tablet 10 may be soaked in the electrolyte before being mounted in the can 12, followed by addition of excess liquid electrolyte. The apertures 4 in the bottom portion 3 of the holder 1 allow this excess electrolyte to be absorbed by the tablet 10 not only from the top but also from the bottom and the side (if the tablet extends above the wall portion as in FIGS. 1 to 3), ensuring optimal absorption of the electrolyte into the tablet.

[0027] The invention is not limited to the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 3. The shape of the apertures 4 may be different than circular, and the number of apertures may be anywhere between two and any realistic number applicable in view of the dimensions of the tablet FIGS. 4a to 4b illustrate alternative embodiments, showing each time a plane view of the bottom portion 3 of the holder. In FIG. 4a, the apertures 4 are pie-shaped, with narrow strips of constant width between each pair of adjacent apertures. It is clear that this embodiment answers to the characteristic that at least on one location, the shortest distance w.sub.1 between two adjacent apertures is significantly smaller than the distances w.sub.2 measured in the same direction. FIG. 4b illustrates an embodiment having trapezoid-shaped apertures 4. Distances w.sub.1 and w.sub.2 are again indicated, showing that the areas between adjacent apertures are narrow in at least one location. In FIGS. 4c and 4d, centrally placed apertures 4′ are present, in addition to the angularly spaced apertures 4. The ‘narrowness’ of the strips of solid material between the central aperture 4′ and one of the other apertures 4 is determined by the distance w.sub.1′ compared to the diameter w.sub.2′ of the surrounding apertures 4 and 4′.

[0028] The invention is also not limited to CR batteries but may be applied to any type of button-shaped battery known in the art.

[0029] According to the embodiments described so far, at least one group of apertures 4 is distributed regularly at equal angular intervals around the centre 5 of the bottom portion 3, spanning 360°, while a central aperture 4′ may or may not be added to the angularly spaced apertures. While this represents a preferred set of embodiments, the invention also includes embodiments wherein the apertures are randomly distributed, and randomly shaped, or arranged in a rectangular array instead of an angular array. Also in these embodiments, it is preferred that the strips of material between adjacent apertures is narrow, more preferably that least at one location, the smallest distance between two adjacent apertures 4 is smaller, preferably significantly smaller than the dimensions of the apertures as measured along the same direction as said smallest distance. FIGS. 5a and 5b illustrate a number of such alternatively arranged sets of apertures. However, the invention also covers embodiments wherein the characteristic of the narrow strips (w.sub.1<w.sub.2) is not fulfilled, as in FIG. 5c for example. In this case, the holder still exhibits a number of the above-described advantages, such as the easier manufacturing and the advantages related to the use of a liquid electrolyte.

TECHNICALLY DETAILED EXAMPLES AND COMPARATIVE TESTS

Example 1

[0030] CR batteries were prepared with cathode composed of electrolytic manganese dioxide, graphite, carbon black, lithium hydroxide, PTFE, and other additives. After the cathode is thoroughly mixed, it was pressed into tablets. Two sets of tablets were prepared, one with meshes made in stainless steel, and the other with stainless steel holders as shown in FIG. 1. The thickness of the tablets were controlled to be within ±2% of each other.

[0031] These cathodes were then assembled into batteries using exactly the same assembly process. After cell assembly, these batteries were discharged using 3.32 kOhm resistors until a cutoff voltage of 2.0 V.

[0032] The batteries with stainless steel meshes released 245.7 mAh of capacity per gram of cathode active material, while the batteries built with holders produced 285.0 mAh of capacity per gram of cathode active material. The initial internal resistance, measured by a 1-second pulse through a resistor of 150 Ohm resistance, was 18.8 Ohms when a mesh is used and 10.1 Ohm when a holder was used.

Example 2

[0033] CR batteries were prepared with cathode composed of electrolytic manganese dioxide, graphite, carbon black, lithium hydroxide, PTFE, and other additives. After the cathode is thoroughly mixed, it was pressed into tablets. Two sets of tablets were prepared, one with meshes made in stainless steel, and the other with stainless steel holders as shown in FIG. 1. The weight of the tablets were controlled to be as close as possible. The difference among the weights of the tablets was controlled to be no more than ±2%.

[0034] These cathodes were then assembled into batteries using exactly the same assembly process. After cell assembly, these batteries were discharged using 3.32 kOhm resistors until a cutoff voltage of 2.0 V.

[0035] The batteries with stainless steel meshes released 256.4 mAh of capacity per gram of cathode active material, while the batteries built with holders produced 264.3 mAh of capacity per gram of cathode active material. The initial internal resistance, measured by a 1-second pulse through a resistor of 150 Ohm resistance, was 15.4 Ohms when a mesh is used and 13.3 Ohm when a holder was used.

[0036] From these examples, it is clear that using a holder according to the invention reduces the internal resistance of the battery. As a result, the active material can be discharged with higher efficiency, and achieves better utilization.

[0037] While the invention has been illustrated and described in detail in the drawings and foregoing description, such illustration and description are to be considered illustrative or exemplary and not restrictive. Other variations to the disclosed embodiments can be understood and effected by those skilled in the art in practicing the claimed invention, from a study of the drawings, the disclosure and the appended claims. In the claims, the word “comprising” does not exclude other elements or steps, and the indefinite article “a” or “an” does not exclude a plurality. The mere fact that certain measures are recited in mutually different dependent claims does not indicate that a combination of these measures cannot be used to advantage. Any reference signs in the claims should not be construed as limiting the scope.