METHOD FOR CONTROLLING A CHARGING DEVICE

Abstract

A method is provided for controlling a charging device (1) for charging energy stores (2). A charging electronics system (6) has a power electronics system (7). A cooling device (9) has at least one first temperature sensor (12) for ascertaining the temperature of a barrier layer of a power semiconductor in the power electronics system (7), at least one second temperature sensor (13, 14) for ascertaining the temperature of the coolant, means for determining input power and output power of the charging electronics system (6). At least the first temperature sensor (12) is monitored to ascertain a rate of change of the temperature of the barrier layer of the power semiconductors. The power loss of the charging electronics system (6) is controlled to limit the rate of change of the temperature of the barrier layer to ensure that a maximum temperature of the barrier layer is not exceeded.

Claims

1. A method for controlling a charging device having a first electrical connection for an input-side power supply of the charging device, a second electrical connection for an output-side power supply of a device that is to be charged, a charging electronics system having a power electronics system, a cooling device having a coolant feed line and a coolant return line, at least one first temperature sensor for ascertaining a temperature of a barrier layer of power semiconductors in the power electronics system, at least one second temperature sensor for ascertaining a temperature of a coolant, means for determining the input power of the charging electronics system and means for determining an output power of the charging electronics system, the method comprising: discretely monitoring at least the first temperature sensor in terms of time to ascertain a rate of change of the temperature of the barrier layer of the power semiconductors in the power electronics system; and controlling a power loss of the charging electronics system so that the rate of change of the temperature of the barrier layer is limited so that a maximum temperature of the barrier layer is not exceeded.

2. The method of claim 1, further comprising determining the power loss of the charging electronics system from a difference between the output power of the charging electronics system and the input power of the charging electronics system.

3. The method of claim 1, further comprising: using the charging electronics system having the power electronics system to control the output power via an output-side charging current and an output-side charging voltage; and limiting or reducing the output-side charging voltage and/or the output-side charging current to limit or reduce the output power.

4. The method of claim 1, further comprising using the at least one second temperature sensor for ascertaining the temperature of the coolant at least at one of the coolant feed line, the coolant return line or between the coolant feed line and the coolant return line.

5. The method of claim 1, further comprising providing the at least one first temperature sensor at an element of the power electronics system for directly measuring the temperature of the power electronics system and thereby ascertaining the temperature of the barrier layer of the power semiconductors in the power electronics system.

6. The method of claim 1, further comprising providing the at least one first temperature sensor at a cooling element of the power electronics system for indirectly measuring the temperature of the power electronics system.

7. The method as claim 1, further comprising using a characteristic map for controlling the power loss of the charging electronics system on the basis of measurement values.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein the characteristic map comprises data of at least one of the following variables: output current of the charging electronics system, output voltage of the charging electronics system, output power of the charging electronics system, input current of the charging electronics system, input voltage of the charging electronics system, input power of the charging electronics system, power loss of the charging electronics system, temperature of the coolant, temperature of the coolant at the coolant feed line, temperature of the coolant at the coolant return line, temperature of a barrier layer, temperature of a heat sink, at least one limit value or limit values for at least one such variable from temperature, voltage, current, power, and for a maximum permissible rate of change, in particular for one operating state or for various operating states.

9. The method of claim 1, further comprising using a temperature controller that is superordinate to current and voltage controllers as a limit value controller.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein the temperature controller takes into account maximum occurring rates of change of the at least one temperature or the temperatures and thus where necessary takes into account stipulated limit values for the at least one rate of change.

11. The method of claim 9, wherein the temperature controller is a PID controller, a state controller with an observer or a fuzzy logic controller.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a charging device for charging an energy store of a m

[0021] FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a controller for carrying out an alternative of the method acco

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The invention relates to a method for controlling a charging device 1 for charging energy stores 2 of motor vehicles 3. The energy store 2 that is to be charged may also be installed at a location other than in a motor vehicle 3, for example in a bicycle, aircraft, building etc. The charging device 1 may be a charging column, a charging station or otherwise, for example on its own or as part of a charging park with several charging devices 1.

[0023] FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a charging device 1 for charging energy stores 2 of motor vehicles 3. The charging device 1 has a first electrical connection 4 for the input-side power supply of the charging device 1. As a result, the charging device 1 may be connected, for example, to an AC power supply, an AC power grid and/or a DC power supply or a DC power grid or another electrical supply station.

[0024] The charging device 1 also has a second electrical connection 5 for the output-side power supply of a device that is to be charged, such as an electrical energy store 2. This electrical connection may be produced using a charging cable between the second electrical connection 5 and the energy store 2 or the motor vehicle 3.

[0025] The charging device 1 has a charging electronics system 6 with a power electronics system 7 and optionally with a control electronics system 8. The power electronics system 7 controls the output current and the output voltage and optionally also the input current and the input voltage. For this purpose, the power electronics system 7 may have electronic circuit breakers that can be actuated by the control electronics system 8.

[0026] In connection with this disclosure, a “control electronics system” can be understood as meaning, for example, a machine or an electronic circuit or a powerful computer. A control electronics system may be a main processor (Central Processing Unit, CPU), a microprocessor or a microcontroller, for example an application-specific integrated circuit or a digital signal processor, possibly in combination with a memory unit for storing program instructions, etc. A control electronics system may also be understood as meaning a virtualized processor, a virtual machine or a soft CPU. It may also be a programmable processor equipped with configuration steps for carrying out the method disclosed herein or may be configured with configuration steps in such a manner that the programmable processor implements the features of the disclosed method, of the component, of the modules or of other aspects and/or partial aspects of the invention. Highly parallel computing units and powerful graphics modules also be provided.

[0027] A cooling device 9 is provided and has a coolant feed line 10 and a coolant return line 11. The cooling device 9 is in thermal contact with at least the power electronics system 7 to be able to cool the power electronics system 7 and the components thereof. The cooling device 9 can be supplied with a liquid or gaseous coolant, and an integrated pump and/or an external pump may be provided to control the coolant flow through the cooling device 9.

[0028] At least one first temperature sensor 12 is provided to ascertain the temperature of the barrier layer of the power semiconductors in the power electronics system 7.

[0029] At least one second temperature sensor 13, 14 also may be provided to ascertain the temperature of the coolant. For example, a second temperature sensor 13, 14 may be provided to detect the temperature of the coolant at a defined location in the cooling device 9. Second temperature sensors 13, 14 also may be provided respectively at the coolant feed line 10 and at the coolant return line 11. One second temperature sensor 13, 14 optionally is provided to ascertain the temperature of the coolant at the coolant feed line 10 or at the coolant return line 11 or between the coolant feed line 10 and the coolant return line 11. Alternatively, two second temperature sensors 13, 14 may be provided to ascertain the temperature of the coolant at the coolant feed line 10 and also at the coolant return line 11.

[0030] Means for determining the input power of the charging electronics system 6 and means for determining the output power of the charging electronics system 6 also are provided and may be in the control electronics system 8. The means for determining the input power of the charging electronics system 6 and means for determining the output power of the charging electronics system 6 may comprise a commercially available instrument that measures the charging current that flows from the charging device 1 and/or may comprise a commercially available voltage measuring apparatus.

[0031] In this case, at least the first temperature sensor 12 is monitored discretely in terms of time to ascertain the temperature and a rate of change of the temperature of the barrier layer of the power electronics system 7.

[0032] The power loss, in particular the difference between the input power and the output power of the charging electronics system 6, is controlled so that the rate of change of the temperature of the barrier layer is limited to avoid exceeding a maximum temperature of the barrier layer. For example, the charging electronics system 6 having the power electronics system 7 and the control electronics system 8 may be used to control the output power via the output-side charging current and the output-side charging voltage. The output power is limited and/or reduced by limiting and/or reducing the output-side charging voltage and/or the output-side charging current.

[0033] The at least one first temperature sensor 12 may be provided to ascertain the temperature of the barrier layer of the power semiconductors in the power electronics system 7 at an element of the power electronics system 7, such as at a circuit breaker, for directly measuring the temperature of the power electronics system 7. As an alternative or in addition, the at least one first temperature sensor 12 may be provided to ascertain the temperature of the barrier layer of the power semiconductors in the power electronics system 7 at a cooling element of the power electronics system 7 for indirectly measuring the temperature of the power electronics system 7.

[0034] A characteristic map may be used to control the power loss of the charging electronics system 7 on the basis of measurement values. The characteristic map may comprise data of at least one of the following variables: output current of the charging electronics system 7, output voltage of the charging electronics system 7, output power of the charging electronics system 7, input current of the charging electronics system 7, input voltage of the charging electronics system 7, input power of the charging electronics system 7, power loss of the charging electronics system 7, temperature of the coolant, temperature of the coolant at the coolant feed line 10, temperature of the coolant at the coolant return line 11, temperature of a barrier layer, temperature of a heat sink, at least one limit value or limit values for at least one such variable from temperature, voltage, current, power, and for a maximum permissible rate of change, in particular for one operating state or for various operating states.

[0035] A temperature controller 20 that is superordinate to a current and voltage controller 21, 22 also may be used as limit value controller, see FIG. 2. The temperature controller 20 may take into account the maximum occurring rates of change of the at least one temperature or the temperatures and thus where necessary may take into account stipulated limit values for the at least one rate of change.

[0036] The temperature controller 20 may be a PID controller, a state controller with an observer and/or as a fuzzy logic controller.

LIST OF REFERENCE SIGNS

[0037] 1 Charging device [0038] 2 Energy store [0039] 3 Motor vehicle [0040] 4 First electrical connection [0041] 5 Second electrical connection [0042] 6 Charging electronics system [0043] 7 Power electronics system [0044] 8 Control electronics system [0045] 9 Cooling device [0046] 10 Coolant feed line [0047] 11 Coolant return line [0048] 12 First temperature sensor [0049] 13 Second temperature sensor [0050] 14 Second temperature sensor [0051] 20 Temperature controller [0052] 21 Current controller [0053] 22 Voltage controller