REATTACHABLE ADHESIVE PRODUCTS

Abstract

A solid-phase adhesive that includes, based on 100 percent of the solids weight of the solid-phase adhesive, a low molecular weight resin, a triblock copolymer and a hydrophobic liquid. The low molecular weight resin is at a concentration of least 20 weight percent and is produced by the polymerization and hydrogenation of styrenic monomer feedstock having a ring and ball softening point of between about 10° C. and about 45° C. The triblock copolymer is at a concentration of between about 2 weight percent and about 40 weight percent and includes a saturated elastomeric block intermediate opposite ends thereof and a thermoplastic block on each end. The hydrophobic liquid is at a concentration of up to about 50 weight percent.

Claims

1. A solid-phase adhesive comprising, based on 100 percent of the solids weight of the solid-phase adhesive: at least 20 weight percent of a low molecular weight resin produced by the polymerization and hydrogenation of styrenic monomer feedstock having a ring and ball softening point of between about 10° C. and about 45° C.; between about 2 weight percent and about 40 weight percent of a triblock copolymer with a saturated elastomeric block intermediate opposite ends thereof and a thermoplastic block on each end; and up to about 50 weight percent of a hydrophobic liquid.

2. The solid-phase adhesive of claim 1, wherein the low molecular weight resin has a weight average molecular weight of between about 375 and about 430.

3. The solid-phase adhesive of claim 1, wherein the low molecular weight resin comprises at least one of REGALREZ 1018 and 1033

4. The solid-phase adhesive of claim 1, wherein the low molecular weight resin comprises between about 70 weight percent and 95 weight percent of the solid-phase adhesive.

5. The solid-phase adhesive of claim 1, wherein the triblock copolymer further comprises a diblock copolymer of a hard, thermoplastic block and a saturated, soft ethylene/butylene polymeric block.

6. The solid-phase adhesive of claim 1, wherein the hydrophobic liquid comprises between about 1 weight percent and about 15 weight percent of the solid-phase adhesive.

7. The solid-phase adhesive of claim 1, wherein the solid-phase adhesive has a Young's modulus of less than about 2 psi.

8. The solid-phase adhesive of claim 1, wherein the hydrophobic liquid comprises butyl stearate, butyloctanol, C12 alcane, C12-17 alcane, C14-22 alcane, caprylic/capric triglyceride, coco-caprylate, cocoyl adipic acid/trimethylolpropane copolymer, dicaprylyl ether, diethylhexyl sebacate, diisobutyl adipate, 1,2-cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid diisononyl ester, diisostearyl fumarate, diisostearyl malate, dimerdiol-carbonate, isododecane, hexyldecanol, hydrogenated poly(C6-14 olefin), hydrogenated polydecine, isononyl isononanoate, isopropyl shea butterate (and) dodecane (and) hexadecane, isostearyl isostearate, isostearyl lactate, lauryl lactate, lauryl lactyl lactate, neopentyl glycol diethylhexanoate, octyldodecanol, octyldodecyl lactate, octyldodecyl stearateo octyldodecyl stearoyl stearate, oleyl alcohol, oleyl erucate, oleyl lactate, PEG/PPG-8/3 diisostearate, polybutene, PPG-26/dimer dilinoleate copolymer (and) isononyl isononanoate (and) ethylhexyl isononanoate, propylene glycol dicaprylate/dicaprate, propylheptyl caprylate, triisostearyl citrate, undecane (and) tridecane) and combinations thereof.

9. The solid-phase adhesive of claim 1, and further comprising a hydrocolloid at a concentration of up to about 80 weight percent.

10. The solid-phase adhesive of claim 9, wherein the hydrocolloid comprises sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, xanthan gum, fructan gum, carrageenan, acacia senegal gum, tara gum, caesalpinia spinosa gum, guar gum, rhizobium gum, sclerotium gum, dehydroxanthan gum, natto gum, carboxymethylcellulose, biosaccharide gum-4, biosaccharide gum-2, hydrolyzed soy protein, biosaccharide gum-1, ceratonia siliqua (carob) gum, chondrus crispus, bentonite, agar, inulin, maltodextrin, polyglutamic acid, neutralized polyacrylic acid, neutralized methacrylic acid, polyquaternium-7 (neutralized 2-propen-1-aminium, N, N-dimethyl-N-2-propenyl-, chloride, polymer with 2-propenamide), neutralized dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, neutralized 3-trimethylammonium propyl methacrylamide, neutralized 3-dimethylaminopropyl methacrylamide, neutralized acrylates copolymer, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, neutralized 2-propen-1-aminium, N,N-dimethyl-N-2-propenyl-, polymer with 2-propenoic acid, neutralized poly(diallyldimethylammonium, neutralized 2-propen-1-aminium, N,N-dimethyl-N-2-propenyl-, chloride, polymer with 2-propenamide and 2-propenoic acid, butendiol/vinyl alcohol copolymer, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl caprolactam, carbomer, polyethylene glycol, polyethylene oxide, polyquaternium-10, guar hydroxypropyltrimonium chloride, cetyl hydroxyethylcellulose, sodium polystyrene sulfonate, schizophyllan, polyethyloxazoline, PEG-8 dimethicone (and) PEG-8 ricinoleate, calcium/sodium PVM/MA copolymer, 2-propenoic acid, 2-methyl-, polymer with butyl 2-propenoate and methyl 2-methyl-2-propenoate, galactoarabinan, carbomer 980 QD, and polyvinyl amide.

11. The solid-phase adhesive of claim 1, wherein the solid-phase adhesive is an essentially homogeneous mixture.

12. The solid-phase adhesive of claim 1, wherein the solid-phase adhesive does not lose adhesion when elastically stretched.

13. The solid-phase adhesive of claim 1, wherein when the solid-phase adhesive is applied to and removed from human skin without causing medical adhesive-related skin injury.

14. The solid-phase adhesive of claim 1, wherein the solid-phase adhesive is provided in a film having a thickness of about 1 millimeter.

15. An adhesive object comprising the solid-phase adhesive of claim 1, wherein the object comprises bidirectional pathogen barrier surgical mask that filters both inhaled and exhaled air which may or may not incorporate an optional oxygen fitting and optional oximeter, a bidirectional pathogen barrier n-95 mask which may or may not incorporate an optional oxygen fitting and optional oximeter, panty-line-free panties, panty-line-free panties with built-in panty liner, panty-line-free panties with built-in sanitary napkin, medical adhesive tape, fashion adhesive tape, fashion and toupee adhesive double sided, adhesive nipple covers, adhesive strapless-backless brassiere, adjustable adhesive strapless-backless brassiere, medical device and/or electronic device adhesive, transdermal drug delivery system, analgesic patch, acne patch, bug bite patch, athletic tape, removable perfume patch, adhesive bandage, adhesive sharps disposal pad, ostomy skin barrier and hydrocolloid dressing, adhesive goggles, strapless shin guard, rug adhesive, external breast prosthesis adhesive, strapless elbow pad, cranial guard, breathing strip, adhesive sandal, American football shoulder pad with adhesive shock absorber on inner surface, moisturizing face mask, one magnet multipurpose mounting device, two magnet multipurpose mounting device, three magnet multipurpose mounting device, two magnet multipurpose mounting device holding face shield, two magnet multipurpose mounting device, shaped adhesive brassiere, lift brassiere, adhesive nose guard, decubitus ulcer mitigation pad, sports helmet with shock padding, gem dots, cosmetic foil, RFID sticky, stick-on camera, eye bag sleep moisturizer, loop multipurpose mounting device, two loop multipurpose mounting device, three loop multipurpose mounting device, snap multipurpose mounting device, two snap multipurpose mounting device, three snap multipurpose mounting, face shield and two magnet multipurpose mounting device holding face shield, hook and loop mounting tape, heel guard, decubitus ulcer mitigation pad, amputee stump sleeve, corn remover strip, callus cushion, adhesive gel toe separator, ball blister cushion, heel blister cushion, toe blister cushion, bunion cushion, bunion cushion, exfoliating foot peel, breast pump interface, flexible magnetic tape, and flexible magnetic sheet

16. The adhesive object of claim 15, wherein the low molecular weight resin comprises at least one of REGALREZ 1018 and 1033

17. The adhesive object of claim 15, wherein the low molecular weight resin comprises between about 70 weight percent and 95 weight percent of the solid-phase adhesive and wherein the hydrophobic liquid comprises between about 1 weight percent and about 15 weight percent of the solid-phase adhesive.

18. The adhesive object of claim 15, wherein the solid-phase adhesive has a Young's modulus of less than about 2 psi.

19. The adhesive object of claim 15, wherein the hydrophobic liquid comprises butyl stearate, butyloctanol, C12 alcane, C12-17 alcane, C14-22 alcane, caprylic/capric triglyceride, coco-caprylate, cocoyl adipic acid/trimethylolpropane copolymer, dicaprylyl ether, diethylhexyl sebacate, diisobutyl adipate, 1,2-cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid diisononyl ester, diisostearyl fumarate, diisostearyl malate, dimerdiol-carbonate, isododecane, hexyldecanol, hydrogenated poly(C6-14 olefin), hydrogenated polydecine, isononyl isononanoate, isopropyl shea butterate (and) dodecane (and) hexadecane, isostearyl isostearate, isostearyl lactate, lauryl lactate, lauryl lactyl lactate, neopentyl glycol diethylhexanoate, octyldodecanol, octyldodecyl lactate, octyldodecyl stearateo octyldodecyl stearoyl stearate, oleyl alcohol, oleyl erucate, oleyl lactate, PEG/PPG-8/3 diisostearate, polybutene, PPG-26/dimer dilinoleate copolymer (and) isononyl isononanoate (and) ethylhexyl isononanoate, propylene glycol dicaprylate/dicaprate, propylheptyl caprylate, triisostearyl citrate, undecane (and) tridecane) and combinations thereof.

20. The adhesive object of claim 15, and further comprising a hydrocolloid at a concentration of up to about 80 weight percent and wherein the hydrocolloid comprises sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, xanthan gum, fructan gum, carrageenan, acacia senegal gum, tara gum, caesalpinia spinosa gum, guar gum, rhizobium gum, sclerotium gum, dehydroxanthan gum, natto gum, carboxymethylcellulose, biosaccharide gum-4, biosaccharide gum-2, hydrolyzed soy protein, biosaccharide gum-1, ceratonia siliqua (carob) gum, chondrus crispus, bentonite, agar, inulin, maltodextrin, polyglutamic acid, neutralized polyacrylic acid, neutralized methacrylic acid, polyquaternium-7 (neutralized 2-propen-1-aminium, N, N-dimethyl-N-2-propenyl-, chloride, polymer with 2-propenamide), neutralized dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, neutralized 3-trimethylammonium propyl methacrylamide, neutralized 3-dimethylaminopropyl methacrylamide, neutralized acrylates copolymer, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, neutralized 2-propen-1-aminium, N,N-dimethyl-N-2-propenyl-, polymer with 2-propenoic acid, neutralized poly(diallyldimethylammonium, neutralized 2-propen-1-aminium, N,N-dimethyl-N-2-propenyl-, chloride, polymer with 2-propenamide and 2-propenoic acid, butendiol/vinyl alcohol copolymer, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl caprolactam, carbomer, polyethylene glycol, polyethylene oxide, polyquaternium-10, guar hydroxypropyltrimonium chloride, cetyl hydroxyethylcellulose, sodium polystyrene sulfonate, schizophyllan, polyethyloxazoline, PEG-8 dimethicone (and) PEG-8 ricinoleate, calcium/sodium PVM/MA copolymer, 2-propenoic acid, 2-methyl-, polymer with butyl 2-propenoate and methyl 2-methyl-2-propenoate, galactoarabinan, carbomer 980 QD, and polyvinyl amide.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0082] The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of embodiments and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification. The drawings illustrate embodiments and together with the description serve to explain principles of embodiments. Other embodiments and many of the intended advantages of embodiments will be readily appreciated as they become better understood by reference to the following detailed description. The elements of the drawings are not necessarily to scale relative to each other. Like reference numerals designate corresponding similar parts.

[0083] FIG. 1 illustrates stretching of a solid phase adhesive prepared according to an embodiment of the invention.

[0084] FIG. 2 is an adhesive bidirectional pathogen barrier surgical mask.

[0085] FIG. 3 shows a male wearing an adhesive bidirectional pathogen barrier surgical mask.

[0086] FIG. 4 shows a make wearing an adhesive bidirectional pathogen barrier N95 mask.

[0087] FIG. 5 shows a female wearing an adhesive bidirectional pathogen barrier KN95 mask,

[0088] FIG. 6 is panty-line free adhesive panties,

[0089] FIG. 7 is adhesive panties with built-in mini pad,

[0090] FIG. 8 is adhesive panties with built-in maxi pad,

[0091] FIG. 9 is an adhesive medical tape,

[0092] FIG. 10 is an adhesive fashion tape,

[0093] FIG. 11 is an adhesive double-sided fashion and toupee tape.

[0094] FIG. 12 is adhesive nipple covers.

[0095] FIG. 13 is an adhesive strapless, backless brassiere.

[0096] FIG. 14 is an adjustable adhesive strapless, backless brassiere.

[0097] FIG. 15 is an adhesive medical device and/or electronic device.

[0098] FIG. 16 is an adhesive transdermal drug delivery system.

[0099] FIG. 17 is an adhesive analgesic patch.

[0100] FIG. 18 is an adhesive acne patch.

[0101] FIG. 19 is an adhesive bug bite patch.

[0102] FIG. 20 is athletic tape.

[0103] FIG. 21 is a removable perfume patch.

[0104] FIG. 22 is an adhesive bandage.

[0105] FIG. 23 is an adhesive sharps disposal pad.

[0106] FIG. 24 is an ostomy skin barrier and hydrocolloid dressing.

[0107] FIG. 25 is adhesive goggles.

[0108] FIG. 26 is an adhesive strapless shin guard.

[0109] FIG. 27 is a rug adhesive.

[0110] FIG. 28 is an adhesive external breast prosthesis.

[0111] FIG. 29 is an adhesive strapless elbow pad.

[0112] FIG. 30 is an adhesive cranial guard.

[0113] FIG. 31 is an adhesive breathing strip.

[0114] FIG. 32 is an adhesive sandal.

[0115] FIG. 33 is an American football shoulder pad with adhesive shock absorber on inner surface.

[0116] FIG. 34 is a moisturizing face mask.

[0117] FIG. 35 is an adhesive one magnet multipurpose mounting device.

[0118] FIG. 36 is an adhesive two magnet multipurpose mounting device.

[0119] FIG. 37 is an adhesive three magnet multipurpose mounting device.

[0120] FIG. 38 is another embodiment of the adhesive three magnet multipurpose mounting device.

[0121] FIG. 39 is an adhesive two magnet multipurpose mounting device holding a face shield.

[0122] FIG. 40 is an adhesive shaped brassiere.

[0123] FIG. 41 is an adhesive lift brassiere.

[0124] FIG. 42 is an adhesive nose guard.

[0125] FIG. 43 is an adhesive decubitus ulcer mitigation pad.

[0126] FIG. 44 is a sports helmet with shock padding

[0127] FIG. 45 are adhesive gem dots.

[0128] FIG. 46 is an adhesive cosmetic foil.

[0129] FIG. 47 is an RFID sticky.

[0130] FIG. 48 is a stick-on camera.

[0131] FIG. 49 is eye bag reducing emollient.

[0132] FIG. 50 is an adhesive loop multipurpose mounting device.

[0133] FIG. 51 is an adhesive two loop multipurpose mounting device.

[0134] FIG. 52 is an adhesive three loop multipurpose mounting device.

[0135] FIG. 53 is an adhesive snap multipurpose mounting device.

[0136] FIG. 54 is an adhesive two snap multipurpose mounting device.

[0137] FIG. 55 is an adhesive three snap multipurpose mounting device.

[0138] FIG. 56 is another embodiment of the adhesive three snap multipurpose mounting device.

[0139] FIG. 57 is a face shield and adhesive two snap multipurpose mounting device holding the face shield.

[0140] FIG. 58 is a loop portion of a hook and look mounting tape

[0141] FIG. 59 is a hook portion of the hook and loop mounting tape

[0142] FIG. 60 is an adhesive heel guard.

[0143] FIG. 61 is an adhesive decubitus ulcer avoidance pad.

[0144] FIG. 62 is an adhesive amputee stump sleeve.

[0145] FIG. 63 is an adhesive corn remover strip CORN.

[0146] FIG. 64 is an adhesive callus cushion.

[0147] FIG. 65 is an adhesive gel toe separator.

[0148] FIG. 66 is an adhesive ball blister cushion.

[0149] FIG. 67 is an adhesive heel blister cushion.

[0150] FIG. 68 is an adhesive toe blister cushion.

[0151] FIG. 69 is an adhesive bunion cushion.

[0152] FIG. 70 is another embodiment of the adhesive bunion cushion.

[0153] FIG. 72 is another embodiment of the adhesive bunion cushion.

[0154] FIG. 73 is an exfoliating foot peel

[0155] FIG. 74 is an adhesive breast pump interface.

[0156] FIG. 75 is a flexible magnetic tape.

[0157] FIG. 76 is a flexible magnetic sheet.

[0158] FIG. 77 is a cord or cloth tie attachment

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0159] This invention relates to thick, re-attachable, ultra-low modulus adhesive films of at least one mil in thickness that release from a surface by adhesive failure, not a cohesive failure. They are tacky to the touch and cleanly peel from the skin yet retain exceptional adhesive qualities to a wide variety of materials. These have a soft feel, which makes them eminently suitable for skin-contact applications.

[0160] The solid-phase adhesives comprise films of at least one mil thick. They include a substantially homogeneous mixture containing, based on 100% of the weight of the solids of the solid-phase adhesive: [0161] (i) At least 20 weight % of a low molecular weight resin resulting from the polymerization and hydrogenation of styrenic monomer feedstock having a ring and ball softening point of about 10°−45° C. In certain embodiments, the concentration of the low molecular weight resin in the solid-phase adhesive is between about 70 weight % and about 95 weight %. [0162] (ii) From about 2 to about 40 weight % of a triblock copolymer with a saturated elastomeric block in the center and a thermoplastic block on each end alone or in combination with a diblock copolymer of a hard-thermoplastic block and a saturated, soft ethylene-butylene polymeric block. [0163] (iii) The balance being one or more oily liquids comprising butyloctanol, C12, C12-17, C14-22, caprylic/capric triglyceride, coco-caprylate, cocoyl adipic acid/trimethylolpropane copolymer, 1,2-cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid diisononyl ester, butyl stearate, dicaprylyl ether, diethylhexyl sebacate, diisobutyl adipate, diisostearyl fumarate, diisostearyl malate, dimerdiol-carbonate, dodecane, hexyldecanol, hydrogenated poly(C6-14 olefin), hydrogenated polydecine, isononyl isononanoate, isopropyl shea butterate (and) dodecane (and) hexadecane, isostearyl isostearate, isostearyl lactate, lauryl lactate, lauryl lactyl lactate, neopentyl glycol diethylhexanoate, octyldodecanol, octyldodecyl lactate, octyldodecyl stearate, octyldodecyl stearoyl stearate, oleyl alcohol, oleyl erucate, oleyl lactate, PEG/PPG-8/3 diisostearate, polybutene, PPG-26/dimer dilinoleate copolymer (and) isononyl isononanoate (and) ethylhexyl isononanoate, propylene glycol dicaprylate/dicaprate, propylheptyl caprylate, triisostearyl citrate, undecane (and) tridecane, esters typically used in cosmetics, liquid hydrocarbon polymers, or hydrogenated liquid hydrocarbon polymers. In certain embodiments, the concentration of the hydrophobic liquid in the solid-phase adhesive is between about 1 weight % and about 15 weight %.

[0164] The solid-phase adhesives might also contain up to 80% hydrocolloid added to the above mixture. The hydrocolloids are immiscible in the solid-phase adhesive compositions but may be suspended in powder form. The hydrocolloids might absorb moisture if present.

[0165] Aside from any hydrocolloids, the most significant component of the solid-phase adhesive film composition of the invention, on a solids weight basis, is typically the low molecular weight resin produced by the polymerization and hydrogenation of a styrenic monomer feedstock, having a ring and ball softening point of about 10°−45° C., preferably a ring and ball softening point of about 4°−25° C. and a low weight average molecular weight below about 550, typically below about 500, and usually above about 330. The resins are desirably liquids at room temperature, about 23° C. The resins fulfilling these qualifications are commercially available as REGALREZ 1018 and 1033. Details of their compositions and physical properties are set forth above. They can be used alone or in combination. The preferred resin is REGALREZ 1018. The preferred resin has a weight average molecular weight between about 375 and 430. For example, a smaller amount of REGALREZ 1033, up to about 40 weight % of the resin composition, on a solid-state basis, can be incorporated into the adhesive film formulation. An exceptional feature of the invention is the uniquely high concentration in the solid-phase adhesive film composition of these low molecular weight resins.

[0166] When it became evident that people needed better facemasks to prevent the spread of infectious diseases such as Covid-19, David Sieverding added seals to some facemasks made from the gel-appearing adhesives of U.S. Pat. No. 4,833,193. For this experiment, Mr. Sieverding used Example 1, Formulation 1, from this patent. This adhesive contained 5% KRATON-1651, 9% mineral oil (300 Saybolt Seconds viscosity), and 86% REGALREZ 1018.

[0167] Mr. Sieverding made facemasks with a seal made from this formulation, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3. Mr. Sieverding wore these many times to determine whether he could improve them. Mr. Sieverding concluded that the adhesive was acceptable but that an even lower modulus adhesive would be more desirable. A more elastic, less viscoelastic adhesive would also be more desirable. So, he decided to experiment to see if substituting another hydrophobic material for the mineral oil would decrease the modulus and result in a more elastic, less viscoelastic adhesive.

[0168] Mr. Sieverding tried substituting many different hydrophobic liquids for the mineral oil. Surprisingly, he discovered that 47 of these hydrophobic liquids produced acceptable results, although some were more acceptable than others. He tried them at use levels up to 40%.

[0169] As compared to the pressure-sensitive adhesives disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,833,193; these experimental results demonstrated that one could formulate the solid-phase adhesives to have a significantly higher level of stretchiness (or significantly lower Young's modulus) and higher elasticity (less viscoelasticity). This higher level of stretchiness and elasticity can permit even more comfortable movement when wearing devices incorporating the gel-appearing adhesive on human skin. In certain embodiments, the Young's modulus of the solid-phase adhesive is less than about 2 psi.

[0170] This particularly true of those based on the lower molecular weight alkanes, ethers, and esters listed, as well as low molecular polyalphaolefin and hydrogenated polyalphaolefin such as, but not limited to, ExxonMobil's Puresyn 2 hydrogenated Poly (C6-14 olefin) also known as polyalphaolefin.

[0171] I listed these results, for example, Sets 1, 2, 3 & 4. These example sets have progressively increasing hydrophilic liquids' levels added to mixtures of KRATON G1651 and REGALREZ 1018. As the amount of these third ingredients goes up, Young's modulus tends to go down. Changing the added hydrophilic liquid also results in differences in the resulting Young's modulus.

[0172] In general, the lower viscosity, lower molecular weight added hydrophobic liquids produced a more aesthetically pleasing result.

Experiment Set One

[0173] In this set of examples, 2.5% of the oily liquid listed in columns 1 and 2 is combined with a molten adhesive consisting of 5% KRATON G 1651 and 95% REGALREZ 1018, stirred and allowed to cool to form a new adhesive.

[0174] As compared to the mixture containing 5% KRATON G 1651 and 95% REGALREZ 1018, the resulting materials have better adhesive properties for use on human skin. The improved adhesives leave less residue, if any, on the skin upon removal. The improved adhesives have greater elongation before separating from the skin, often several times greater elongation. The resulting adhesives have lower Young's moduli (greater elasticity). The resulting adhesives have better recovery from strain, less pulling of hair, and less MARSI when removed from the skin. The three-component mixtures' properties tend to improve more when the added oily liquid has a low viscosity. For example, the mineral oil, Iris (C12-17 Alkanes), used in these experiments has a kinematic viscosity of 3.58 cSt (which is less viscous than milk at 4.3 cSt). In comparison, the mineral oil typically used in the manufacture of KRATON-based thermoplastic elastomers has a kinematic viscosity of 66-75 cSt (which is more viscous than vegetable oil at 43.2 cSt). Higher viscosity mineral oil tends to have a slower evaporation rate, while lower viscosity mineral oil tends to have the advantage of producing lower modulus adhesives.

TABLE-US-00008 EXPERIMENT SET ONE - HOMOGENOUS FORMULAE (2.5% INGREDIENT ADDED) Trade Name Chemical Name Supplier BST-COS Butyl Stearate Hallstar Ceraphyl 847 Octyldodecyl Stearoyl Stearate Ashland Ceraphyl ODS Octyldodecyl Stearate Ashland Cetiol C 5 Coco-Caprylate BASF Cetiol Ultimate Undecane (and) Tridecane BASF Cosmedia DC Dimerdiol-Carbonate BASF DOS Diethylhexyl Sebacate Hallstar Eutanol G Octyldodecanol BASF Halltress DIBA Diisobutyl Adipate Hallstar SPECIAL Hexamoll DINCH 1,2-Cyclohexane dicarboxylic BASF acid diisononyl ester Iris C12-17 ISOFOL 12 Isostearyl Isostearate Sasol Isofol 16 Cocoyl Adipic Acid/Trimethylol- Sasol propane Copolymer Isofol 20 Butyloctanol Sasol Jarcane 12 dodecane Jarchem Jarcol 95CG Oleyl Alcohol Jarchem Jarether D8 Dicaprylyl Ether Jarchem Jarplex MUR Isopropyl Shea Butterate (and) Jarchem Dodecane (and) Hexadecane Lilac C14-22 Sonneborn Pelemol 0DL Octyldodecyl Lactate Phoenix Pelemol BIP-PC Butylphthalimide (and) Isopropyl- Phoenix phthalimide Pelemol D-899 PPG-26/Dimer Dilinoleate Co- Phoenix polymer (and) Isononyl Isononanoate (and) Ethylhexyl Isononanoate Pelemol IN-2 Isononyl Isononanoate Phoenix Pelemol ISL Isostearyl Lactate Phoenix Pelemol LL Lauryl Lactate Phoenix Pelemol NGDO Neopentyl Glycol Diethylhexanoate Phoenix Pelemol ODL Octyldodecyl Lactate Phoenix Pelemol PDD Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate/ Phoenix Dicaprate Permethyl HPIB-6 Hydrogenated Polyisobutene Presperse Puresyn 2 Hydrogenated Poly(C6-14 Olefin) ExxonMobil Puresyn 4 Hydrogenated Poly(C6-14 Olefin) ExxonMobil Puresyn 6 Hydrogenated Poly(C6-14 Olefin) ExxonMobil Schercemol Cocoyl Adipic Acid/Trimethylol- Lubrizol CATC ester propane Copolymer

Experiment Set Two

[0175] In this set of examples, 5% of the ingredient listed in column 2 is combined with a molten mixture containing 5% KRATON G 1651 and 95% REGALREZ 1018, stirred and allowed to cool, resulting in both usable adhesives and unusable materials.

TABLE-US-00009 EXPERIMENT SET TWO - HOMOGENOUS FORMULAE (5% INGREDIENT ADDED) Trade Name Chemical Name Supplier BST-COS Butyl Stearate Hallstar Ceraphyl 847 Octyldodecyl Stearoyl Stearate Ashland Ceraphyl ODS Octyldodecyl Stearate Ashland Cetiol C 5 Coco-Caprylate BASF Cetiol Ultimate Undecane (and) Tridecane BASF Cosmedia DC Dimerdiol-Carbonate BASF DOS Diethylhexyl Sebacate Hallstar Eutanol G Octyldodecanol BASF Halltress DIBA Diisobutyl Adipate Hallstar SPECIAL Hexamoll DINCH 1,2-Cyclohexane dicarboxylic BASF acid diisononyl ester Iris C12-17 ISOFOL 12 Isostearyl Isostearate Sasol Isofol 16 Cocoyl Adipic Acid/Trimethylol- Sasol propane Copolymer Isofol 20 Butyloctanol Sasol Jarcane 12 dodecane Jarchem Jarcol 95CG Oleyl Alcohol Jarchem Jarether D8 Dicaprylyl Ether Jarchem Jarplex MUR Isopropyl Shea Butterate (and) Jarchem Dodecane (and) Hexadecane Lilac C14-22 Sonneborn Pelemol 0DL Octyldodecyl Lactate Phoenix Pelemol BIP-PC Butylphthalimide (and) Isopropyl- Phoenix phthalimide Pelemol D-899 PPG-26/Dimer Dilinoleate Co- Phoenix polymer (and) Isononyl Isononanoate (and) Ethylhexyl Isononanoate Pelemol IN-2 Isononyl Isononanoate Phoenix Pelemol ISL Isostearyl Lactate Phoenix Pelemol LL Lauryl Lactate Phoenix Pelemol NGDO Neopentyl Glycol Diethylhexanoate Phoenix Pelemol ODL Octyldodecyl Lactate Phoenix Pelemol PDD Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate/ Phoenix Dicaprate Permethyl HPIB-6 Hydrogenated Polyisobutene Presperse Puresyn 2 Hydrogenated Poly(C6-14 Olefin) ExxonMobil Puresyn 4 Hydrogenated Poly(C6-14 Olefin) ExxonMobil Puresyn 6 Hydrogenated Poly(C6-14 Olefin) ExxonMobil Schercemol Cocoyl Adipic Acid/Trimethylol- Lubrizol CATC ester propane Copolymer

TABLE-US-00010 EXPERIMENT SET TWO - SEPARATING FORMULAE (5% ADDED INGREDIENT) Trade Name Chemical Name Supplier Schercemol DISF ester Diisostearyl Fumarate Lubrizol Schercemol DISM ester Diisostearyl Malate Lubrizol Schercemol NGDO ester Neopentyl Glycol Lubrizol Diethylhexanoate Schercemol TISC ester Triisostearyl Citrate Lubrizol Stepan MILD L3 Lauryl Lactyl Lactate Stepan

Experiment Set Three

[0176] In this set of examples, 10% of the ingredient listed in column 2 is combined with a molten mixture containing 5% KRATON G 1651 and 95% REGALREZ 1018, stirred and allowed to cool, resulting in both usable adhesives and unusable materials.

TABLE-US-00011 EXPERIMENT SET THREE - HOMOGENOUS FORMULAE (10% ADDED INGREDIENT) Trade Name Chemical Name Supplier Ceraphyl 847 Octyldodecyl Stearoyl Stearate Ashland Ceraphyl ODS Octyldodecyl Stearate Ashland Cetiol C 5 Coco-Caprylate BASF Cetiol J 600 Oleyl Erucate BASF Cetiol Sensoft Propylheptyl Caprylate BASF Cetiol Ultimate Undecane (and) Tridecane BASF Cosmedia DC Dimerdiol-Carbonate BASF Eutanol G Octyldodecanol BASF HALLSTAR BST-COS Butyl Stearate Hallstar HALLSTAR DOS Diethylhexyl Sebacate Hallstar Halltress DIBA Diisobutyl Adipate Hallstar SPECIAL Hexamoll DINCH 1,2-Cyclohexane dicarboxylic BASF acid diisononyl ester Hydramol PGPD ester PEG/PPG-8/3 Diisostearate Lubrizol Indopol H1200 polybutene Ineos Iris C12-17 Sonneborn isododecane C12 generic ISOFOL 12 Butyloctanol Sasol Isofol 16 Hexyl decanol Sasol Isofol 20 Octyldodecanol Sasol Jarcane 12 dodecane Jarchem Jarcol 95CG Oleyl Alcohol Jarchem Jarether D8 Dicaprylyl Ether Jarchem Jarplex MUR Isopropyl Shea Butterate (and) Jarchem Dodecane (and) Hexadecane Lilac C14-22 Sonneborn Myritol 312 Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride BASF Pelemol BIP-PC Butylphthalimide (and) Isopropyl- Phoenix phthalimide nanoate Pelemol D-899 PPG-26/Dimer Dilinoleate Co- Phoenix polymer (and) Isononyl Isononanoate (and) Ethylhexyl Isononanoate Pelemol IN-2 Isononyl Isononanoate Phoenix Pelemol ISL Isostearyl Lactate Phoenix Pelemol LL Lauryl Lactate Phoenix Pelemol NGDO Neopentyl Glycol Diethyl- Phoenix hexanoate Pelemol ODL Octyldodecyl Lactate Phoenix Pelemol ODL Octyldodecyl Lactate Phoenix Pelemol OL Oleyl Lactate Phoenix Pelemol PDD Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate/ Phoenix Dicaprate Permethyl HPIB-6 viscous polymer Presperse Puresyn 2 Hydrogenated Poly(C6-14 Olefin) Exxon Puresyn 4 Hydrogenated Poly(C6-14 Olefin) Exxon Puresyn 6 Hydrogenated Poly(C6-14 Olefin) Exxon Schercemol 1818 ester Isostearyl Isostearate Lubrizol Schercemol CATC ester Cocoyl Adipic Acid/Trimethylol- Lubrizol propane Copolymer Schercemol DISF ester Diisostearyl Fumarate Lubrizol Schercemol DISM ester Diisostearyl Malate Lubrizol Schercemol NGDO ester Neopentyl Glycol Diethyl- Lubrizol hexanoate Schercemol TISC ester Triisostearyl Citrate Lubrizol Silkflo 366 hydrogenated Polydecine Vantage Silkflow 364 hydrogenated Polydecine Vantage STEPAN-MILD L3 Lauryl Lactyl Lactate Stepan

TABLE-US-00012 EXPERIMENT SET THREE - SEPARATING FORMULAE (10% INGREDIENT ADDED) Trade Name Chemical Name Supplier Cetiol J 600 Oleyl Erucate BASF Coscap G7-MC Glycereth-7 Trimethyl Phoenix Chemical Ether Cutina CP Cetyl Palmitate BASF Cutina PES Pentaerythrityl Distearate BASF Dermasoft Hexiol 1,2-Hexanediol Evonik Dr. Straetmans GmbH DUB PTO Pentaerythrityl Stearineriw Dubois Tetraethylhexanoate Floramac 10 Ethyl Macadamiate Floratech Ganex V-216 VP/Hexadecene Copolymer Ashland GLUCAM P-20 PPG-20 Methyl Glucose Lubrizol DISTEARATE Ether Distearate Indopol H6000 polybutene Ineos Oligomers Lameform TGI Polyglyceryl-3 Diisostearate BASF Lanette 22 Behenyl Alcohol BASF Lipex Sheaclear Shea Oil AAK Parleam HV hydrogenated polybutene NOF Corporation Parleam V hydrogenated polybutene NOF Corporation Pelemol 1215 C12-15 Alkyl Lactate Phoenix Chemical Pelemol DIA Diisopropyl Adipate Phoenix Chemical Pelemol G-7A Glycereth-7 Triacetate Phoenix Chemical Pelemol BIP-PC Butylphthalimide (and) Phoenix Chemical Isopropylphthalimide Pelemol D9336 Diisopropyl Dimer Phoenix Chemical Dilinoleate Pelemol GTIS Triisostearin Phoenix Chemical Pelemol ICB Isocetyl Behenate Phoenix Chemical Pelemol OL Oleyl Lactate Phoenix Chemical Pelemol P-49 Pentaerythrityl Phoenix Chemical Tetraisononanoate Pelemol TMPIS Trimethylolpropane Phoenix Chemical Triisostearate Performa 825 hyper-branched New Phase polyalphaolefin Schercemol DISD Diisostearyl Dimer Lubrizol ester Dilinoleate Schercemol PTID Triisostearoyl Lubrizol ester Polyglyceryl-3 Dimer Dilinoleate SCHEREMOL 105 Neopentanoate Lubrizol ESTER SCHEREMOL DIA Diisopropyl Adipate Lubrizol ESTER Varisoft BT 85 Behentrimonium Chloride Evonik Pellets J

Experiment Set Four

[0177] In this set of examples, 20% of the ingredient listed in column 2 is combined with a molten mixture containing 8% KRATON G 1651 and 92% REGALREZ 1018, stirred and allowed to cool, resulting in both usable adhesives and unusable materials.

TABLE-US-00013 EXPERIMENT SET FOUR - HOMOGENOUS FORMULAE (20% INGREDIENT ADDED) Trade Name Chemical Name Supplier Ceraphyl 847 Octyldodecyl Stearoyl Stearate Ashland Ceraphyl ODS Octyldodecyl Stearate Ashland Cetiol C 5 Coco-Caprylate BASF Cetiol J 600 Oleyl Erucate BASF Cetiol Sensoft Propylheptyl Caprylate BASF Cetiol Ultimate Undecane (and) Tridecane BASF Hallstar DOS Diethylhexyl Sebacate Hallstar Hexamoll DINCH 1,2-Cyclohexane dicarboxylic BASF acid diisononyl ester Iris C12-17 Sonneborn Isododecane C12 generic Isofol 20 Octyldodecanol Sasol Jarcane 12 dodecane Jarchem Jarcol 95CG Oleyl Alcohol Jarchem Jarether D8 Dicaprylyl Ether Jarchem Jarplex MUR Isopropyl Shea Butterate (and) Jarchem Dodecane (and) Hexadecane Lilac C14-22 Sonneborn Myritol 312 Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride BASF Pelemol IN-2 Isononyl Isononanoate Phoenix Pelemol ISL Isostearyl Lactate Phoenix Pelemol LL Lauryl Lactate Phoenix Pelemol OL Oleyl Lactate Phoenix Permethyl HPIB-6 viscous polymer Presperse Puresyn 2 Hydrogenated Poly(C6-14 Olefin) Exxon Puresyn 4 Hydrogenated Poly(C6-14 Olefin) Exxon Puresyn 6 Hydrogenated Poly(C6-14 Olefin) Exxon Schercemol 1818 Isostearyl Isostearate Lubrizol Ester Schercemol DISF Diisostearyl Fumarate Lubrizol Ester Schercemol DISM Diisostearyl Malate Lubrizol Ester Schercemol TISC Triisostearyl Citrate Lubrizol Ester Silkflo 366 hydrogenated Polydecine Vantage Silkflow 364 hydrogenated Polydecine Vantage

TABLE-US-00014 EXPERIMENT SET FOUR - SEPARATING FORMULAE (20% INGREDIENT ADDED) Trade Name Chemical Name Supplier Cosmedia DC Dimerdiol-Carbonate BASF HALLSTAR BST- Butyl Stearate Hallstar COS Halltress DIBA Diisobutyl Adipate Hallstar SPECIAL Hydramol PGPD PEG/PPG-8/3 Diisostearate Lubrizol ester Hydramol PGPD PEG/PPG-8/3 Diisostearate Lubrizol ester Indopol H1200 polybutene Ineos Oligomers ISOFOL 12 Butyloctanol Sasol Performance Chemicals ISOFOL 16 Hexyldecanol Sasol Performance Chemicals Myritol 312 Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride BASF Pelemol BIP-PC PPG-26/Dimer Dilinoleate Phoenix Chemical Copolymer (and) Isononyl Isononanoate (and) Ethylhexyl Isononanoate Pelemol D-899 PPG-26/Dimer Dilinoleate Phoenix Chemical Copolymer (and) Isononyl Isononanoate (and) Ethylhexyl Isononanoate Pelemol NGDO Neopentyl Glycol Phoenix Chemical Diethylhexanoate Pelemol PDD Propylene Glycol Phoenix Chemical Dicaprylate/Dicaprate Schercemol CATC Cocoyl Adipic Acid/ Lubrizol ester Trimethylolpropane Copolymer Schercemol NGDO Neopentyl Glycol Lubrizol ester Diethylhexanoate STEPAN-MILD L3 Lauryl Lactyl Lactate Stepan Halltress DIBA Diisobutyl Adipate Hallstar SPECIAL HALLSTAR BST- Butyl Stearate Hallstar COS Pelemol ODL Octyldodecyl Lactate Phoenix Chemical Pelemol BIP-PC PPG-26/Dimer Dilinoleate Phoenix Chemical Copolymer (and) Isononyl Isononanoate (and) Ethylhexyl Isononanoate Pelemol D-899 PPG-26/Dimer Dilinoleate Phoenix Chemical Copolymer (and) Isononyl Isononanoate (and) Ethylhexyl Isononanoate Pelemol PDD Propylene Glycol Phoenix Chemical Dicaprylate/Dicaprate Pelemol 0DL Propylene Glycol Phoenix Chemical Dicaprylate/Dicaprate Pelemol NGDO Neopentyl Glycol Phoenix Chemical Diethylhexanoate STEPAN-MILD L3 Lauryl Lactyl Lactate Stepan

Experiment Five Six

[0178] In this set of examples, 40% of the ingredient listed in column 2 is combined with a molten mixture containing 8% KRATON G 1651 and 92% REGALREZ 1018, stirred and allowed to cool, resulting in both usable adhesives and unusable materials.

TABLE-US-00015 EXPERIMENT SET FIVE - HOMOGENOUS FORMULAE (40% INGREDIENT ADDED) Trade Name Chemical Name Supplier Ceraphyl ODS Octyldodecyl Stearate Ashland Cetiol Ultimate Undecane (and) Tridecane BASF Hexamoll DINCH 1,2-Cyclohexane dicarboxylic BASF acid diisononyl ester Iris C12-17 Sonneborn Isododecane C12 Generic Isofol 20 Octyldodecanol Sasol Jarcane 12 dodecane Jarchem Jarether D8 Dicaprylyl Ether Jarchem Jarplex MUR Isopropyl Shea Butterate (and) Jarchem Dodecane (and) Hexadecane Myritol 312 Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride BASF Permethyl HPIB-6 viscous polymer Presperse Puresyn 2 Hydrogenated Poly(C6-14 Olefin) Exxon Puresyn 4 Hydrogenated Poly(C6-14 Olefin) Exxon Puresyn 6 Hydrogenated Poly(C6-14 Olefin) Exxon Schercemol Diisostearyl Malate Lubrizol DISM ester Silkflo 364 hydrogenated Polydecine Vantage Silkflo 366 hydrogenated Polydecine Vantage

TABLE-US-00016 EXPERIMENT SET FIVE - SEPARATING FORMULAE (40% INGREDIENT ADDED) Trade Name Chemical Name Supplier Ceraphyl 847 Octyldodecyl Stearoyl Stearate Ashland Cetiol C 5 Coco-Caprylate BASF Cetiol J 600 Oleyl Erucate BASF Cetiol Sensoft Propylheptyl Caprylate BASF Jarcol 95CG Oleyl Alcohol Jarchem Lilac C14-22 Sonneborn Panalane L14E hydrogenated Polyisobutylene Vantage Pelemol OL Oleyl Lactate Phoenix Chemical Pelemol IN-2 Isononyl Isononanoate Phoenix Chemical Pelemol ISL Isostearyl Lactate Phoenix Chemical Pelemol LL Lauryl Lactate Phoenix Chemical Schercemol 1818 ester Isostearyl Isostearate Lubrizol Schercemol DISF ester Diisostearyl Fumarate Lubrizol Schercemol TISC ester Triisostearyl Citrate Lubrizol

[0179] This set of experiments resulted in the surprising discovery that it is possible to make a highly superior adhesive for attaching devices to human skin by compounding 1) a low-softening-point, high-viscosity cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon resin produced by polymerization and hydrogenation of hydrocarbon feedstocks, such as REGALREZ 1018, 2) an oily liquid such, but not limited to, 1,2-Cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid diisononyl ester, Butyl Stearate, Butyloctanol, Butylphthalimide (and) Isopropylphthalimide, C12-17, C14-22, Coco-Caprylate, Cocoyl Adipic Acid/Trimethylolpropane Copolymer, Cocoyl Adipic Acid/Trimethylolpropane Copolymer, Dicaprylyl Ether, Diethylhexyl Sebacate, Diisobutyl Adipate, Dimerdiol-Carbonate, dodecane, Hydrogenated Poly(C6-14 Olefin), Hydrogenated Poly(C6-14 Olefin), Hydrogenated Poly(C6-14 Olefin), Hydrogenated Polyisobutene, Isononyl Isononanoate, Isopropyl Shea Butterate (and) Dodecane (and) Hexadecane, Isostearyl Isostearate, Isostearyl Lactate, Lauryl Lactate, Neopentyl Glycol Diethylhexanoate, Octyldodecanol, Octyldodecyl Lactate, Octyldodecyl Lactate, Octyldodecyl Stearate, Octyldodecyl Stearoyl Stearate, Oleyl Alcohol, PPG-26/Dimer Dilinoleate Copolymer (and) Isononyl Isononanoate (and) Ethylhexyl Isononanoate, Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate/Dicaprate, or Undecane (and) Tridecane and 3) a high molecular weight styrene-ethylene/butylene-styrene block such as KRATON G1651 at elevated temperatures, typically around 200-350° Fahrenheit.

[0180] Without the oily liquid, a compound of the low-softening-point, high viscosity cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon resin produced by polymerization and hydrogenation of hydrocarbon feedstocks, such as REGALREZ 1018 and a high molecular weight styrene-ethylene/butylene-styrene block such as KRATON G1651 mixed at elevated temperatures, around 200-350° Fahrenheit, typically has adhesive properties but tends to be harsh to the skin and hair when it is applied to and removed from them. It also tends to lose some of its adhesivity after being applied to and removed from the skin. Although primarily exhibiting solid behavior, it also tends to exhibit some viscous flow behavior.

[0181] These experiments show that even adding as little as 5% of an oily liquid, such as but not limited to, one of the above-listed oily liquids, to a molten mixture containing 5% KRATON G1651 and 95% REGALREZ 1018 and then allowing that mixture to cool can result in compounds with dramatically lower Young's moduli as compared to the same formulae without the oily liquid. When applied to human skin, this translates into greater comfort while wearing and removing devices coated with the adhesive and much greater re-attachability of those devices.

[0182] The ultra-low-modulus solid-phase adhesives extend the range of stretchiness, the lower bounds of Young's modulus, beyond those listed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,833,193. As a result of the lower Young's modulus, the solid-phase adhesive provides an improvement over the gel-appearing adhesives disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,833,193.

[0183] Owing to their hydrophobic nature, for some applications, the ultra-low-modulus solid-phase adhesives also have advantages over the hydrophilic, elastomeric, pressure-sensitive adhesive disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,699,146 and the hydrophilic, elastomeric, pressure-sensitive adhesive disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,750,482. These advantages include being hydrophobic instead of hydrophilic and not requiring an expensive electron beam to form the adhesive.

[0184] The adhesives disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,699,146 and 4,750,482 contain both water and electrolyte to make them conductive for their intended use in medical electrodes.

[0185] As a result of higher elasticity, the solid-phase adhesive also provides an improvement over the gel-appearing adhesives disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,833,193. This improvement is especially significant when using the gel-appearing adhesives in applications that involve affixing a device to the human body. The improved gel-appearing adhesives disclosed in this patent are valuable for many applications. These applications include medical, personal care, fashion, military, remote sensing, virtual reality, control, telemetry, gaming, and communications applications. Still, this statement does not limit these gel-appearing adhesives' usefulness to these applications.

[0186] The ultra-low modulus solid-phase adhesives have a thickness greater than about one mil, desirably greater than about four mils, more desirably greater than about eight mils, preferably greater than about 12 mils, and most preferably, greater than about 20 mils.

[0187] The ultra-low-modulus solid-phase adhesive films function as thick films with the following advantages. [0188] (1) They are solids. [0189] (2) They are re-attachable. [0190] (3) They can possess a soft tactility. [0191] (4) They do not cause skin trauma. [0192] (5) They do not cause hair trauma. [0193] (6) They span a wide variety of useful applications. [0194] (7) They are stable materials. [0195] (8) Some release cleanly from themselves. [0196] (9) Some can be folded back on themselves, stick to themselves, yet separate from themselves, recovering to their original shape. [0197] (10) They feel more supple to the touch, especially those made with alkanes in the range of C12-C20, ethers, esters, low molecular weight polymers, such as Puresyn 2 hydrogenated Poly(C6-14 olefin) from Exxon.

[0198] These experiments show a wide range of ultra-low-modulus solids with solid-phase adhesive properties. All of the ultra-low-modulus, solid-state adhesives described herein and all of those that fall within the scope of U.S. Pat. No. 4,833,193 can be mixed with hydrocolloids to enable them to absorb water that may arise from perspiration, wound drainage, and other bodily fluids.

[0199] FIG. 1 shows stretching of a solid-phase adhesive according to an embodiment of the invention. The extremely low Young's modulus of the solid-phase adhesive makes very high levels of strain possible. 2 is a substrate coated with the extremely low Young's modulus solid-phase adhesive. 4 is the extremely low Young's modulus solid-phase adhesive. 6 is a finger that has touched the adhesive and been lifted. 8 is the solid-phase adhesive that has stretched considerably while not losing its adhesion. The solid-phase adhesive might have up to 80% added hydrocolloids to absorb moisture such as perspiration.

[0200] FIG. 2 shows an adhesive bidirectional pathogen barrier surgical mask. This face mask filters both inhaled and exhaled air. 10 is the optional side straps (The side straps are not needed because the solid-phase adhesive holds the mask on, but they may exist if one makes the adhesive bidirectional pathogen barrier surgical face mask by modifying a surgical mask). 12 is one of 6 folds in a standard surgical mask. 14 is a layer of solid-phase adhesive with up to 80% added hydrocolloids to absorb moisture such as perspiration. 16 is the fused area of the surgical face mask. 18 is the innermost nonwoven fabric layer. 20 is the outermost nonwoven fabric layer. 22 is the filter layer. 24 is the three pleats. 26 is an optional oxygen fitting. 28 is an optional oximeter.

[0201] FIG. 3 shows a male wearing an adhesive bidirectional pathogen barrier surgical face mask. This face mask filters both inhaled and exhaled air. 30 shows the optional ear straps. The straps are not required because the solid-phase adhesive holds the mask on, but they may exist if the bidirectional pathogen barrier surgical mask is made by modifying an existing surgical mask. 32 shows the solid-phase adhesive with up to 80% added hydrocolloids to absorb moisture such as perspiration, forming a border of the adhesive bidirectional pathogen barrier surgical face mask. 34 shows the bidirectional pathogen barrier surgical face mask. 36 is an optional oxygen fitting, 38 is the optional oximeter.

[0202] FIG. 4 shows a male wearing an adhesive bidirectional pathogen barrier N95 face mask. 40 is an optional oxygen fitting. 42 is the optional oximeter. 44 is the N95 face mask. 46 is a layer of solid-phase adhesive with up to 80% added hydrocolloids to absorb moisture such as perspiration.

[0203] FIG. 5 shows a female wearing an adhesive bidirectional pathogen barrier KN95 face mask. 48 is the KN95 face mask. 50 is an optional oxygen fitting. 52 is an optional oximeter. 54 is a layer of the solid-phase adhesive with up to 80% added hydrocolloids to absorb moisture such as perspiration.

[0204] FIG. 6 is panty-line free panties. 56 is a layer of the solid-phase adhesive with up to 80% added hydrocolloids to absorb moisture such as perspiration. 57 is a nonwoven or woven fabric sideless pantie. 58 is a female wearing the panty-line free panties.

[0205] FIG. 7 is panties with built-in mini pad. 60 is a layer of solid-phase adhesive with up to 80% added hydrocolloids to absorb moisture such as perspiration. 61 is a nonwoven or woven fabric sideless pantie. 62 is a panty liner. 64 shows a female wearing the panties with built-in mini pad. In certain embodiments, the panties are disposable.

[0206] FIG. 8 is panties with built-in maxi pad. 66 is a layer of solid-phase adhesive with up to 80% added hydrocolloids to absorb moisture such as perspiration. 67 is a nonwoven or woven fabric sideless pantie. 68 is a built-in sanitary napkin. 70 is a woman wearing the female wearing the panties with built-in maxi pad. In certain embodiments, the panties are disposable.

[0207] FIG. 9 shows a medical adhesive tape. 72 is a substrate. 74 is a layer of the solid-phase adhesive with to 80% added hydrocolloids to absorb moisture such as perspiration.

[0208] FIG. 10 shows a fashion adhesive tape. 76 is a substrate. 78 is a layer of the solid-phase adhesive with up to 80% added hydrocolloids to absorb moisture such as perspiration.

[0209] FIG. 11 shows a fashion and toupee double sided tape. 80 is a substrate. 82 is a layer of the solid-phase adhesive with up to 80% added hydrocolloids to absorb moisture such as perspiration. 84 is an optional release liner.

[0210] FIG. 12 is adhesive nipple covers. 86 is a domed release liner. 88 is a domed layer of the solid-phase adhesive with up to 80% added hydrocolloids to absorb moisture such as perspiration. 90 is a domed substrate. 92 is the nipple cover.

[0211] FIG. 13 is an adhesive strapless, backless brassiere. 94 is a nonwoven, woven fabric or plastic substrate. 96 is a layer of the solid-phase adhesive with up to 80% added hydrocolloids to absorb moisture such as perspiration. 98 is a release liner. 100 is the adhesive strapless, backless brassiere.

[0212] FIG. 14 is an adjustable adhesive strapless, backless brassiere. 102 is a nonwoven, woven fabric or plastic substrate. 104 is a layer of the solid-phase adhesive with up to 80% added hydrocolloids to absorb moisture such as perspiration. 106 is a release liner. 108 is the strapless, backless brassiere. 110 is an adjustable buckle.

[0213] FIG. 15 is a medical device and/or electronic device adhesive. 112 is the medical device and/or electronic device, 114 is a release liner, 116 is a pressure-sensitive adhesive, 118 is a substrate. 120 is a layer of the solid-phase adhesive with up to 80% added hydrocolloids to absorb moisture such as perspiration. 122 is a release liner.

[0214] FIG. 16 is a transdermal drug delivery system. 124 is a cover film. 126 is a layer of the solid-phase adhesive with up to 80% added hydrocolloids to absorb moisture such as perspiration. 128 is a release liner.

[0215] FIG. 17 is an analgesic patch. 130 is a cover film. 132 is a layer of the solid-phase adhesive with up to 80% added hydrocolloids to absorb moisture such as perspiration. 134 is a release liner.

[0216] FIG. 18 is an acne patch. 136 is a cover film. 138 is a layer of the solid-phase adhesive with up to 80% added hydrocolloids to absorb moisture such as perspiration. 140 is a release liner.

[0217] FIG. 19 is a bug bite patch. 142 is a cover film. 144 is a layer of the solid-phase adhesive with up to 80% added hydrocolloids to absorb moisture such as perspiration. 146 is a release liner.

[0218] FIG. 20 is athletic tape. 148 is a cover film. 150 is a layer of the solid-phase adhesive.

[0219] FIG. 21 is a removable perfume patch. 152 is a nine-layer dual nonwoven fabric faced laminate. 158 and 174 are nonwoven fabric layers. 160, 164, 168, and 172 are laminating adhesive layers. 162 and 172 are polyester layers. 166 is an aluminum foil layer. 180 is the group of layers used in conventional pouch packaging for food and medical products. 176 is a layer of the solid-phase adhesive with up to 80% added hydrocolloids to absorb moisture such as perspiration. 178 is a release liner.

[0220] FIG. 22 is an adhesive bandage. 180 and 182 are release liners. 184 is an optional absorbent bandage pad. 186 is a layer of the solid-phase adhesive with up to 80% added hydrocolloids to absorb moisture such as perspiration. 188 is cloth or plastic.

[0221] FIG. 23 is an adhesive sharps disposal pad. 190 is release liner. 192 is a layer of the solid-phase adhesive. 194 is a rear substrate.

[0222] FIG. 24 is an ostomy skin barrier and hydrocolloid dressing. 196 is a substrate. 198 is a layer of the solid-phase adhesive compounded with a hydrocolloid such as sodium carboxymethyl cellulose powder or granules. 200 is a release liner.

[0223] FIG. 25 is adhesive googles. 202 is a layer of the solid-phase adhesive with up to 80% added hydrocolloids to absorb moisture such as perspiration. 206 is a molded facemask frame. 204 is a transparent plastic lens.

[0224] FIG. 26 is an adhesive strapless shin guard. 208 is a hard, plastic shell. 210 is a layer of the solid-phase adhesive with up to 80% added hydrocolloids to absorb moisture such as perspiration. 212 is a reusable release liner

[0225] FIG. 27 is a rug adhesive. 220 is a double-sided release liner. 222 is a layer of the solid-phase adhesive. 224 is a plastic or nonwoven substrate. 226 is a layer of pressure-sensitive adhesive for securing the rub adhesive to the rug. 228 is the rug.

[0226] FIG. 28 is an adhesive external breast prosthesis. 230 is a release liner. 236 is a layer of the solid-phase adhesive. 232 is a plastic or nonwoven substrate cutout as shown in 240. 237 is a layer of pressure-sensitive adhesive, or the solid-phase adhesive with up to 80% added hydrocolloids to absorb moisture such as perspiration. 234 is a release liner. 238 is the external breast prosthesis.

[0227] FIG. 29 is an adhesive strapless elbow bad. 242 is a front view of the elbow pad. 248 is a back view of the elbow pad. 244 is a hard, outer layer of plastic. 246 is a layer of the solid-phase adhesive with up to 80% added hydrocolloids to absorb moisture such as perspiration. 250 is a cross-section view of the elbow pad.

[0228] FIG. 30 is an adhesive cranial guard. 252 is a head-shaped, hard outer layer. 254 is a layer of the solid-phase adhesive with up to 80% added hydrocolloids to absorb moisture such as perspiration. The hard, outer layer 254 will have to be sized to human heads. It may have to be made from polycaprolactone, a low-melt-point plastic that may be soaked in water and crosslinked with high energy radiation, such as from an electron beam or Cobalt 60 source, to maintains its film form once heated for shaping. The electron beam will break the water into free radicals, which will crosslink the low-melt-point plastic.

[0229] FIG. 31 is an adhesive breathing strip. 260 is a release liner. 261 is a layer of the solid-phase adhesive with up to 80% added hydrocolloids to absorb moisture such as perspiration. 262 is thin low-modulus plastic. 264 is a thicker layer of high-modulus plastic that acts as a spring to pull the nasal passages open when placed over the nose.

[0230] FIG. 32 is an adhesive sandal. 266 is the left sandal. 268 is the right sandal. 270 is a polyurethane foam sheet cut to a sandal shape. 271 is a layer of the solid-phase adhesive. 272 is a release liner.

[0231] FIG. 33 is an American football shoulder pad with adhesive shock absorber on inner surface. 274 is the American football shoulder pad with an adhesive shock absorber on the inner surface. 276 is the layer of the solid-phase adhesive with up to 80% added hydrocolloids to absorb moisture such as perspiration, serves as a shock absorber on the inner surface.

[0232] FIG. 34 is a moisturizing face mask. 180 is a cut and formed facemask, preferably made from nonwoven fabric. 282 is the formed facemask. 284 is a layer of the solid-phase adhesive solid-phase. The hydrophobic liquid components of the adhesive serve as a moisturizer. Preferably, this adhesive would contain a light moisturizer, such as Puresyn 2, at a high level, such as 40%.

[0233] FIG. 35 is a one magnet multipurpose mounting device. 288 is a magnet. 290 is a pressure-sensitive adhesive. 292 is a molded magnet support. 286 is a layer of the solid-phase adhesive with up to 80% added hydrocolloids to absorb moisture such as perspiration. 294 is a release liner. 295 is a microphone held on by the magnet.

[0234] FIG. 36 is a two magnet multipurpose mounting device. 296 is a magnet. 298 is a molded magnet support. 300 is a magnet. 302 is a pressure-sensitive adhesive. 304 is a layer of the solid-phase adhesive with up to 80% added hydrocolloids to absorb moisture such as perspiration.

[0235] FIG. 37 is a three magnet multipurpose mounting device. 306 and 310 are magnets. There is a third magnet hidden behind 306. 308 is a molded magnet support. 312 is a pressure-sensitive adhesive. 314 is a layer of solid-phase adhesive with up to 80% added hydrocolloids to absorb moisture such as perspiration.

[0236] FIG. 38 is another embodiment of the three magnet multipurpose mounting device. 318 are magnets. 322 is a molded magnet support. 320 is a pressure-sensitive adhesive. 324 is a layer of the solid-phase adhesive with up to 80% added hydrocolloids to absorb moisture such as perspiration.

[0237] FIG. 39 is a two magnet multipurpose mounting device holding face shield. 326 is a face shield. 328 is the two magnet multipurpose mounting device from FIG. 36 with up to 80% added hydrocolloids to absorb moisture such as perspiration.

[0238] FIG. 40 is a shaped adhesive brassiere. 330 is a shaped brassiere. 332 is a layer of solid-phase adhesive with up to 80% added hydrocolloids to absorb moisture such as perspiration.

[0239] FIG. 41 is an adhesive lift brassiere. 334 is the lift brassiere. 336 is a human breast with ptosis. 338 is the same breast shown with the lift brassiere. 348 is the plastic shell of the lift brassiere (shown cross-section). 342 is the nipple cut out of the lift brassiere plastic shell (shown in cross-section). 346 is a layer of the solid-phase adhesive with up to 80% added hydrocolloids to absorb moisture such as perspiration (shown in cross-section).

[0240] FIG. 42 is an adhesive nose guard. 350 is a clear plastic nose guard. 352 is a layer of the solid-phase adhesive with up to 80% added hydrocolloids to absorb moisture such as perspiration.

[0241] FIG. 43 is a decubitus ulcer mitigation pad. 354 is a hospital bed. 355 is a mattress. 356 is the decubitus ulcer mitigation pad. 357 is a close-up cross-section of the end of the decubitus ulcer mitigation pad, filled with the solid-phase adhesive with up to 80% added hydrocolloids to absorb moisture such as perspiration. 358 is a thin, flexible shell.

[0242] FIG. 44 is sports helmet with shock padding (sports helmet shown is an American Football helmet, but the invention is not limited to the American football sports helmet but instead applies to all sports helmets) 360 is the sports helmet. 362 is the outer shell of the sports helmet shown in the cross-section view. 364 is the shock padding made from the solid-phase adhesive with up to 80% added hydrocolloids to absorb moisture such as perspiration.

[0243] FIG. 45 is gem dots. 366 is the gem dot made from solid-phase adhesive with up to 80% added hydrocolloids to absorb moisture such as perspiration. 368 is a release liner. 370 is a release liner. One can employ alternative packaging methods.

[0244] FIG. 46 is a cosmetic foil. 372 is the cosmetic foil. 374 is a release liner. 376 is solid-phase adhesive with up to 80% added hydrocolloids to absorb moisture such as perspiration.

[0245] FIG. 47 is an RFID sticky. 378 is a release liner. 380 is an RFID device. 382 is the solid-phase adhesive with up to 80% added hydrocolloids to absorb moisture such as perspiration.

[0246] FIG. 48 is a stick-on camera. 384 is a release liner. 386 is a camera. 388 is the solid-phase adhesive with up to 80% added hydrocolloids to absorb moisture such as perspiration.

[0247] FIG. 49 is eye bag reducing emollient. 394 is a release liner. 392 is a substrate such as plastic or nonwoven fabric. 388 is the solid-phase adhesive formulated with a significant emollient level, such as ExxonMobil's PureSyn 2, with or without up to 80% added hydrocolloids to absorb moisture such as perspiration.

[0248] FIG. 50 is a loop multipurpose mounting device. 396 is a metal or plastic loop. 398 is a molded elastomeric shape comprising a sheet of elastomer with 399 a loop attachment point. 400 is a release liner. 401 is an isometric drawing. 402 is the solid-phase adhesive with up to 80% added hydrocolloids to absorb moisture such as perspiration.

[0249] FIG. 51 is a two loop multipurpose mounting device. 404 is a metal or plastic loop. 416 is a molded elastomeric shape comprising an elastomer sheet with two 407 loop attachment points. 408 is a release liner. 410 is the solid-phase adhesive with up to 80% added hydrocolloids to absorb moisture such as perspiration.

[0250] FIG. 52 is a three loop multipurpose mounting device. 412 is a molded elastomeric shape comprising a sheet of elastomer with three 413 loop attachment points. 414 is a release liner. 415 is the solid-phase adhesive. 418 are metal or plastic loops. 415 is the solid-phase adhesive with up to 80% added hydrocolloids to absorb moisture such as perspiration.

[0251] FIG. 53 is a snap multipurpose mounting device. 420 is a metal or plastic, male or female snap. 422 is a molded elastomeric shape securing the snap. 424 is the solid-phase adhesive with up to 80% added hydrocolloids to absorb moisture such as perspiration. 426 is a release liner.

[0252] FIG. 54 is a two snap multipurpose mounting device. 430 and 432 are metal or plastic, male or female snaps. 434 are molded elastomeric shape securing the snaps. 436 is the solid-phase adhesive with up to 80% added hydrocolloids to absorb moisture such as perspiration. 438 is a release liner.

[0253] FIG. 55 is a three snap multipurpose mounting device. 440, 442, and 444 are metal or plastic, male or female snaps. 446 is a molded elastomeric shape securing the snaps. 450 is the solid-phase adhesive with up to 80% added hydrocolloids to absorb moisture such as perspiration. 452 is a release liner.

[0254] FIG. 56 is another embodiment of the three snap multipurpose mounting device. 454, 456, and 458 are metal or plastic, male or female snaps. 460 is a molded elastomeric shape securing the snaps. 461 is the solid-phase adhesive with up to 80% added hydrocolloids to absorb moisture such as perspiration. 462 is a release liner.

[0255] FIG. 57 is a face shield and an adhesive two snap multipurpose mounting device holding the face shield. 464 is a clear plastic face shield. 465 are magnetic metal strips attached to the face shield. 466 are the two snap multipurpose mounting device.

[0256] FIG. 58 is a loop portion of a hook and loop mounting tape. 468 is the release liner. 470 is the loop portion of the hook and loop mounting ribbon. 472 is an optional barrier layer. 474 is the solid-phase adhesive with up to 80% added hydrocolloids to absorb moisture such as perspiration. 462 is a release liner.

[0257] FIG. 59 is a hook portion of the hook and loop mounting tape. 476 is the release liner. 478 is hook portion of the hook and loop mounting ribbon. 480 is an optional barrier layer. 482 is the solid-phase adhesive with up to 80% added hydrocolloids to absorb moisture such as perspiration.

[0258] FIG. 60 is an adhesive heel guard. 484 is a person wearing a heel guard with a heel down. 486 is a person wearing a heel guard with a heel cup. 488 is outer plastic or formed a nonwoven shell of heel guard. 490 is the solid-phase adhesive with up to 80% added hydrocolloids to absorb moisture such as perspiration. 492 is the heel guard inverted.

[0259] FIG. 61 is an adhesive decubitus ulcer avoidance pad. 496 is a decubitus ulcer avoidance pad. 494 is the solid-phase adhesive with up to 80% added hydrocolloids to absorb moisture such as perspiration. 498 is a substrate such as a plastic sheet.

[0260] FIG. 62 is an adhesive amputee stump sleeve. 500 is the amputee stump sleeve, made from a specially formulated version of the solid-phase adhesive with up to 80% added hydrocolloids to absorb moisture such as perspiration.

[0261] FIG. 63 is an adhesive corn remover strip. 502 is a salicylic acid patch (typically 40%). 504 is the solid-phase adhesive with up to 80% added hydrocolloids to absorb moisture such as perspiration. 5506 is a substrate, such as a plastic sheet.

[0262] FIG. 64 is an adhesive callus cushion. 508 is a punched shape, about 0.125 inches thick, about 1.375 inches in diameter, with a hole about 0.625 inches in diameter made from the solid-phase adhesive with up to 80% added hydrocolloids to absorb moisture such as perspiration. 510 is a substrate such as a nonwoven fabric or plastic sheet.

[0263] FIG. 65 is an adhesive gel toe separator. 512 is a punched shape, about 0.125 inches thick, made from the solid-phase adhesive with up to 80% added hydrocolloids to absorb moisture such as perspiration. 512 is a substrate such as a nonwoven fabric or plastic sheet.

[0264] FIG. 66 is an adhesive ball blister cushion. 516 is a release liner. 518 is a substrate such as a nonwoven fabric or plastic sheet. 520 is a domed shape molded out of the solid-phase adhesive with up to 80% added hydrocolloids to absorb moisture such as perspiration.

[0265] FIG. 67 is an adhesive heel blister cushion. 522 is a release liner. 524 is a substrate, such as a nonwoven fabric or plastic sheet. 524 is a domed shape molded out of the solid-phase adhesive with up to 80% added hydrocolloids to absorb moisture such as perspiration.

[0266] FIG. 68 is an adhesive toe blister cushion. 534 is a release liner. 536 is a substrate such as a nonwoven fabric or plastic sheet. 538 is a domed shape molded out of the solid-phase adhesive with up to 80% added hydrocolloids to absorb moisture such as perspiration.

[0267] FIG. 69 is an adhesive bunion cushion. 542 is a substrate such as a nonwoven fabric or plastic sheet. 540 is a shape molded out of the solid-phase adhesive with up to 80% added hydrocolloids to absorb moisture such as perspiration.

[0268] FIG. 70 is another embodiment of the adhesive bunion cushion. 548 is a substrate such as a nonwoven fabric or plastic sheet. 550 is a shape molded out of the solid-phase adhesive with up to 80% added hydrocolloids to absorb moisture such as perspiration.

[0269] FIG. 72 is another embodiment of the adhesive bunion cushion. 554 is a substrate such as a nonwoven fabric or plastic sheet. 552 is a shape molded out of the solid-phase adhesive with up to 80% added hydrocolloids to absorb moisture such as perspiration.

[0270] FIG. 73 is an adhesive exfoliating foot peel. 556 is the solid-phase adhesive with up to 80% added hydrocolloids to absorb moisture such as perspiration. 558 is a substrate, such as a nonwoven fabric or plastic sheet. 560 is a release liner. The repairing foot mask consists of a foot-shaped cutout coated with the solid-phase adhesive and a release liner. The hydrophobic liquids serve as an emollient. Examples of hydrophobic liquids that may be used include, but are not limited to, butyloctanol, C12, C12-17, C14-22, caprylic/capric triglyceride, coco-caprylate, cocoyl adipic acid/trimethylolpropane copolymer, 1,2-cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid diisononyl ester, butyl stearate, dicaprylyl ether, diethylhexyl sebacate, diisobutyl adipate, diisostearyl fumarate, diisostearyl malate, dimerdiol-carbonate, dodecane, hexyldecanol, hydrogenated poly(C6-14 olefin), hydrogenated polydecine, isononyl isononanoate, isopropyl shea butterate (and) dodecane (and) hexadecane, isostearyl isostearate, isostearyl lactate, lauryl lactate, lauryl lactyl lactate, neopentyl glycol diethylhexanoate, octyldodecanol, octyldodecyl lactate, octyldodecyl stearate, octyldodecyl stearoyl stearate, oleyl alcohol, oleyl erucate, oleyl lactate, PEG/PPG-8/3 diisostearate, polybutene, PPG-26/dimer dilinoleate copolymer (and) isononyl isononanoate (and) ethylhexyl isononanoate, propylene glycol dicaprylate/dicaprate, propylheptyl caprylate, triisostearyl citrate, undecane (and) tridecane, esters typically used in cosmetics, liquid hydrocarbon polymers, and hydrogenated liquid hydrocarbon polymers.

[0271] FIG. 74 is an adhesive breast pump interface. 562 is a shape molded out of the solid-phase adhesive with up to 80% added hydrocolloids to absorb moisture such as perspiration. 564 is a cup made out of nonwoven fabric or plastic sheet. 566 is a tube that will plug into the breast pump (not shown).

[0272] FIG. 75 is an adhesive flexible magnetic tape. 568 is a thin, flexible shape cut out of a magnetic metal, such as a 400 series stainless steel. 570 is a sheet of material such as nonwoven fabric or plastic. 572 is the solid-phase adhesive with up to 80% added hydrocolloids to absorb moisture such as perspiration.

[0273] FIG. 76 is an adhesive flexible magnet sheet. 576 is a thin, flexible shape cut out of a magnetic metal, such as a 400 series stainless steel. 578 is a sheet of material such as nonwoven fabric or plastic. 580 is the solid-phase adhesive with up to 80% added hydrocolloid.

[0274] FIG. 77 is a cord or cloth tie attachment. The cord or cloth tie attachment consists of a disk or other shape of substrate 586 with a cord 582 attached at least about a quarter inch from the edge and, most preferably, in the center. The side opposite the cord or cloth tie with the solid-phase adhesive with up to 80% added hydrocolloids to absorb moisture such as perspiration 588. A release liner 590 to the solid-phase adhesive.

[0275] In the preceding detailed description, reference is made to the accompanying drawings, which form a part hereof, and in which is shown by way of illustration specific embodiments in which the invention may be practiced. In this regard, directional terminology, such as “top,” “bottom,” “front,” “back,” “leading,” “trailing,” etc., is used with reference to the orientation of the Fig.(s) being described. Because components of embodiments can be positioned in a number of different orientations, the directional terminology is used for purposes of illustration and is in no way limiting. It is to be understood that other embodiments may be utilized and structural or logical changes may be made without departing from the scope of the present invention. The preceding detailed description, therefore, is not to be taken in a limiting sense, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims.

[0276] It is contemplated that features disclosed in this application, as well as those described in the above applications incorporated by reference, can be mixed and matched to suit particular circumstances. Various other modifications and changes will be apparent to those of ordinary skill.