Mesh for use in a nebuliser, and a method of manufacturing the same

Abstract

There is provided a mesh for use in forming droplets of liquid in a nebuliser, the mesh comprising a first portion (22) made of a first material having a plurality of holes passing therethrough; and a second portion (26) made of a second material that is in contact with the first portion (22), the second portion (26) having a corresponding plurality of holes passing therethrough, the plurality of holes in the second portion forming nozzles (28) for an outlet side of the mesh; wherein the first material has a higher density than the second material.

Claims

1. A method of manufacturing a mesh for use in forming droplets of liquid medicine in a nebulizer, the method comprising: a) providing a first portion made of a first material having a plurality of holes formed therethrough as an inlet side of the mesh; b) filling the plurality of holes of the first portion using a second portion made of a second material that has a lower density than the first material to thereafter form nozzles for an outlet side of the mesh; and, c) thereafter forming the nozzles, by removing part of the second material of the second portion to create a plurality of holes in the second portion aligned with the plurality of holes of the first portion, with the plurality of holes in the second portion each having exit diameters of less than the respective diameters of the plurality of holes of the first portion; wherein the plurality of the holes in the first portion provide supply openings for a liquid medicine, wherein the plurality of holes in the second portion provide the nozzles as outlet openings for droplets of the liquid medicine, wherein the outlet openings are arranged downstream from the supply openings and wherein the mesh has sufficient mass to create a resonant cavity in the nebulizer.

2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step of providing the first portion made of the first material having the plurality of holes formed therethrough comprises: a1) providing the first portion made of the first material; and a2) forming the plurality of holes through the first portion.

3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the removing part of the second material of the second portion provides the nozzles with an increasing material thickness; in step a), the plurality of holes in the first portion made of the first material are provided with a first hole geometry having a first opening size, wherein, in step b), the plurality of holes in the second portion made of the second material are provided with a second hole geometry having a second opening size, wherein the second opening size is smaller than the first opening size.

4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein first portion further comprises: a layer or plate.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of holes in the second portion are formed using one or more of laser drilling, laser etching or chemical etching.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of holes in the second portion have diameters of equal to substantially 2.5 μm.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of holes in the second portion have diameters selected to produce droplets of liquid medicine having an upper limit of mass median diameter (MMD) of 5 μm.

8. The method of claim 1, comprising selecting the second material to produce a desired diameter of the plurality of holes in the second portion.

9. A nebulizer, comprising: a body having an inlet and an outlet arranged to deliver a liquid medication to a user; a chamber configured to hold the liquid medicine to be nebulized and comprising the mesh formed by the method of claim 1; and a piezoelectric element configured to nebulize the liquid medicine; the mesh being configured to produce droplets of the liquid medicine having an upper limit of mass median diameter (MD) of 5 μm.

10. The nebulizer of claim 9, wherein the exit diameters is 2.5 μm.

11. The nebulizer of claim 9, wherein the piezoelectric element is a plate and positioned opposite the mesh.

12. The nebulizer of claim 9, wherein the plurality of holes in the second portion are laser or chemical etched or laser drilled holes.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) Exemplary embodiments of the invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the following drawings, in which:

(2) FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an exemplary nebuliser comprising a nozzle plate;

(3) FIG. 2 is a graph illustrating the relationship between particle size and the percentage deposition of particles in different parts of the body;

(4) FIG. 3 is an illustration of the relationship between nozzle exit diameter and droplet size;

(5) FIG. 4 is a flow chart illustrating a general method of manufacturing a mesh according to the invention;

(6) FIG. 5 is a cross-section through a mesh according to a first embodiment of the invention;

(7) FIG. 6 is a flow chart illustrating a method of manufacturing a mesh according to the first embodiment;

(8) FIG. 7 illustrates the steps in the method of FIG. 6;

(9) FIG. 8 is an image of holes drilled into stainless steel;

(10) FIG. 9 illustrates the general principles of chemical etching;

(11) FIG. 10 illustrates the general principles of laser etching;

(12) FIG. 11 shows various images of nozzles that have been laser-etched into polycarbonate;

(13) FIG. 12 is a cross-section through a mesh according to a second embodiment of the invention;

(14) FIG. 13 is a flow chart illustrating a method of manufacturing a mesh according to the second embodiment;

(15) FIG. 14 illustrates the steps in the method of FIG. 13; and

(16) FIG. 15 shows various images illustrating the steps in the method of FIG. 13.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS

(17) Although the invention is described below with reference to a piezo-mesh based nebuliser for use in generating an aerosol from a medication as shown in FIG. 1, it will be appreciated that the invention is applicable to other types of product that nebulise a liquid, for example air humidifiers, shavers, steam irons and perfume dispensers. The mesh 16 used in the nebuliser 2 is also known in the art as a nozzle plate, aperture plate and a membrane.

(18) As noted above, to address the problems with current techniques for manufacturing meshes (in particular techniques that use electroformation or laser-drilling) which provide a low yield from the manufacturing process and a high cost, the invention provides a mesh 16 that comprises a hybrid geometry in which the useful properties from two different types of material (which in some cases arise from the fabrication techniques that can be used) are combined to form the mesh 16. In particular, part of the mesh 16 is made from a first material, such as a metal or metal alloy, that provides the required mass per unit area of the mesh 16, and another part of the mesh 16 is made from a second material having a lower density than the first material, with the second material being used to form at least the part of the nozzles at the outlet side 20 of the mesh 16. The second material is selected so that manufacturing techniques can be used that allow nozzles to be created with the required exit diameter within the required tolerance (and that result in a much higher yield than conventional techniques).

(19) In an example, as shown in FIG. 4, a method of manufacturing a mesh for use in forming droplets of liquid in a nebuliser is provided, the method comprising: a) providing 101 a first portion made of a first material having a plurality of holes formed therethrough; and b) using 103 a second portion made of a second material that has a lower density than the first material to form nozzles for an outlet side of the mesh, the second portion being placed in contact with the first portion, the second portion having a corresponding plurality of holes formed therethrough.

(20) It is noted that FIG. 4 also shows further aspects as options of the method.

(21) FIG. 4 illustrates an example of the method of manufacturing or fabricating a mesh 16 according to the invention. The first step, step 101, comprises providing a first portion of the mesh 16. The first portion is typically in the form of a layer or substrate. The first portion is made from a first material that has a sufficient density to allow the mass requirement of the mesh 16 to be met (i.e. sufficient density to enable the first portion—after the holes have been formed—to have a mass per unit area of at least 0.04 gram/cm.sup.2). The first material can be a metal or a metal alloy, for example stainless steel, platinum, cobalt, gold, tungsten or nickel palladium. In general, materials having a density greater than 8 g/cm.sup.3 and/or less than 22 g/cm.sup.3 are suitable for use in forming the first portion of the mesh 16. In an example, materials having a density in the range of 8 to 22 g/cm.sup.3 are used for forming the first portion of the mesh 16.

(22) The first portion provided in step 101 also has a plurality of holes formed therethrough. As noted above, a mesh 16 can typically have between 5000-15000 holes or nozzles therein, although it will be appreciated that a different number of holes can be formed in the first portion as required for the mesh 16. The holes can be of any suitable shape, such as circular, generally circular, elliptical, rectangular, etc.

(23) The technique used in step 101 to form the first portion with the plurality of holes can depend on the material the first portion is made of. For example, where the first portion is made from stainless steel, step 101 can comprise providing a stainless steel layer or sheet and using laser-drilling to form the holes.

(24) An alternative technique that can be used in step 101 is electroformation using electroplating. Electroplating is a process that uses electrical current to reduce dissolved metal cations so that they form a coherent metal coating on an electrode. Electroforming uses electroplating to build structures with particular shapes on a substrate electrode, which is then separated from the electrode. In particular, a metal layer is grown on the substrate electrode, and using a non conductive layer like a polymer resist, areas can be selected that are shielded off from the metal growth. Thus a metal structure is grown that has holes filled with non-conductive material, which is then removed to open up the holes to provide first portion.

(25) As the exit of the nozzles at the outlet side 20 of the mesh 16 will be formed from a second material, there is no need for the diameter of the holes in the first portion to be particularly precise. However, a minimum diameter of, for example, 15 μm is set by the resistance a liquid flowing through a small channel will experience. The maximum diameter is a choice determined by the density of holes in the mesh (i.e. the number of holes per unit area in the inlet side 18 of the mesh 16) that is targeted, and would typically be 20 μm if the aim was to achieve a mesh 16 with 5000-15000 nozzles with the thickness of the mesh being smaller than 100 μm.

(26) Regarding the density of the holes in the mesh 16 (i.e. the number of holes per unit area in the inlet side 18 of the mesh 16), it will be appreciated that increasing the density and/or the diameter of holes in the mesh 16 reduces the overall mass per unit area, and therefore higher hole densities/diameters require a relatively larger thickness for the first portion of the mesh 16. Thus the thickness of the first portion of the mesh 16 is determined by the required mass per unit area and is a function of the material used to form the first portion and the size and shape of the holes in the first portion. As an example, for a first portion made from stainless steel with holes with a uniform diameter of 30 μm that are arranged in a regular hexagonal pattern spaced 50 μm apart, a stainless steel layer that is 100 μm thick will meet the mass requirement.

(27) In addition to the laser drilling and electroformation techniques described above, those skilled in the art will be aware of other techniques that can be used to create the first portion and/or the holes in the first portion.

(28) Then, in step 103, a second material of lower density than the first material is used to form a second portion of the mesh 16, with the second portion forming the nozzles at the outlet side 20 of the mesh 16. The second material is a material that allows fabrication techniques to be used that have sufficient precision to form nozzles with the required exit diameter and tolerance in the second material (e.g. 2.5 μm±0.065 μm). The second material can be silicon, a polymer or an epoxy. Suitable polymers include polycarbonate and polyimide, and a suitable epoxy is Epo-tek® 353ND. The second portion of the mesh 16 can have a thickness that is greater than 5 μm and/or less than 20 μm. In an example, the thickness is in the range of 5 to 20 μm. In general, materials having a density greater than 0.8 g/cm.sup.3 and/or less than 3 g/cm.sup.3 are suitable for use in forming the second portion of the mesh 16. In an example, materials having a density in the range of 0.8 to 3 g/cm.sup.3 are used for forming the second portion of the mesh 16.

(29) Different ways of implementing step 103 will be described in more detail below.

(30) In an example (not further shown in detail), the step of providing a first portion made of the first material having the plurality of holes formed therethrough comprises:

(31) providing the plurality of holes in the first portion made of the first material as first openings forming inlet openings of the mesh.

(32) The step of using a second portion made of the second material having the plurality of holes formed therethrough comprises:

(33) providing the plurality of holes in the second portion made of the second material as second openings forming the nozzles with outlet openings of the mesh.

(34) The second portion provides transition portions between the inlet openings and the outlet openings. Further the outlet openings are smaller than the inlet openings.

(35) In another example (also not further shown in detail), in step b), the second openings forming the nozzles are provided having a tapered cross-section with a decreasing width in flowing direction. In step b), the second material is provided with an increasing material thickness forming the nozzle openings.

(36) In a further example (also not further shown in detail), in step a), the plurality of holes in the first portion made of the first material is provided with a first hole geometry having a first opening size. In step b), the plurality of holes in the second portion made of the second material is provided with a second hole geometry having a second opening size; wherein the second opening size is smaller than the second opening size.

(37) In step a), the plurality of the holes in the first portion provides first supply openings.

(38) In step b), the plurality of holes in the second portion provides the nozzles as second outlet openings that are arranged stream-downwards from the first supply openings.

(39) In a still further example (not shown), the first material is provided as a layer or plate comprising the plurality of holes. The second material is provided as a plurality of inlays that are least partly located in the holes of the first portion, each inlay at partly filling one of the holes in the first material, and having the nozzles formed in the second material.

(40) In an example, a mesh 16 is provided with the plurality of holes in the first portion made of the first material are first openings forming inlet openings of the mesh. For example, in FIG. 5, the inlet openings are provided by the upper (in relation to FIG. 5 arranged in a landscape manner) side or end of the holes indicated with 24. In FIG. 12, the inlet openings are also provided by the upper (in relation to FIG. 12 arranged in a landscape manner) side or end of the holes indicated with 24′. The plurality of holes in the second portion made of the second material are second openings forming the nozzles with outlet openings, indicated with 30 in FIG. 5 and 30′ in FIG. 12, of the mesh. The second portion thus provides transition portions between the inlet openings and the outlet openings, as shown in FIGS. 5 and 12. As also shown in FIGS. 5 and 12, the outlet openings are smaller than the inlet openings.

(41) In another example, the second openings forming the nozzles are having a tapered cross-section with a decreasing width in flowing direction. This is shown in FIGS. 5 and 12 for the respective two exemplary embodiments. It is noted that the second material is provided with an increasing material thickness forming the nozzle openings. In other words, the second material is used for the actual shaping or forming of the opening channels.

(42) In a further example, the plurality of holes in the first portion made of the first material are provided with a first hole geometry having a first opening size. For example, in FIG. 5, the hole geometry of the first openings is shown with parallel side walls, for example as cylindrical portions in the first material. In FIG. 12, the hole geometry of the first openings is shown with tapering side walls, for example as conical portions in the first material. The plurality of holes in the second portion made of the second material is provided with a second hole geometry having a second opening size. For example, in FIG. 5, the hole geometry of the second openings is shown with a decreasing width in flow direction, which decreasing is provided to a varying degree, e.g. larger degree. For example, in FIG. 12, the hole geometry of the second openings is shown with a decreasing width in flow direction, which decreasing is provided to a varying degree, e.g. larger degree, compared to the opening geometry provided by the first material. As also shown in FIGS. 5 and 12, the second opening size is smaller than the second opening size. The plurality of the holes in the first portion thus provides first supply openings, and the plurality of holes in the second portion provides the nozzles as second outlet openings that are arranged stream-downwards from the first supply openings. According to the invention, the exact size and shape of the outlet openings as the nozzles can be provided by the second material, thus making use of the respective material properties.

(43) FIG. 5 is a cross-section through a mesh 16 manufactured according to a first embodiment of the invention. In this mesh 16, the first portion 22 (made from the first material) is a layer or plate, with the plurality of holes 24 formed therethrough. In the illustrated embodiment, the plurality of holes 24 have a generally uniform diameter through the first portion 22 although other hole profiles are possible. In particular, it is desirable to provide a smooth transition from the holes 24 in the first portion 22 to the holes in the second portion 26, and thus the holes 24 in the first portion 22 preferably taper from the side of the first portion 22 that forms the inlet side 18 of the mesh 16 towards the side that is to be placed in contact with the second portion 26. For example, the holes 24 in the first portion 22 may taper from a diameter of 25 μm at the inlet side 18 of the first portion 22 to a diameter of 15 μm at the interface side of the first portion 22 (i.e. the side that is opposite the inlet side 18 and that contacts the second portion 26).

(44) As noted above, one side of the first layer 22 forms the inlet side 18 of the mesh 16. The other (interface) side of the first layer 22 is in contact with the second portion 26 (made from the second material) that is in the form of a layer or plate 26. The opposite side of the second portion 26 (i.e. the side opposite the side that interfaces with or contacts the first portion 22) forms the outlet side 20 of the mesh 16. The second portion 26 has a plurality of nozzles 28 corresponding to the plurality of holes 24 in the first portion 22 (i.e. a plurality of nozzles 28 that generally align with the holes 24 in the first portion 22), such that the each hole 24 and corresponding nozzle 28 form a path for liquid to pass from the inlet side 18 of the mesh 16 to the outlet side 20.

(45) The nozzles 28 in the second portion 26 are formed such that their diameter narrows from generally the same diameter as the holes 24 at the interface side (i.e. the side opposite the inlet side 18) of the first portion 22 to the desired exit diameter at the outlet side 20 of the mesh 16. Preferably there should be no substantial discontinuity between the diameter of the holes 24 in the first portion 22 and the nozzles 28 in the second portion 26 at the interface between the first portion 22 and the second portion 26 as discontinuities can reduce the droplet generation performance of the mesh 16. The exit of the nozzles 28 is denoted 30 in FIG. 5. The profile of each nozzle 28 can taper to the desired diameter for the nozzle exit 30 in a linear or non-linear fashion (so producing a nozzle 28 with a straight or curved profile).

(46) In an example, the first material is provided as a first layer or plate comprising the plurality of holes. The second material is provided as a second layer or plate, in which the nozzles are formed, as shown in FIG. 5.

(47) The flow chart in FIG. 6 illustrates an exemplary method of manufacturing a mesh 16 according to the first embodiment as shown in FIG. 5. FIGS. 7(a)-(e) illustrate the steps in the method of FIG. 6.

(48) Thus, in a first step, step 122, and as shown in FIG. 7(a), a first portion 22 in the form of a layer of a first material is provided. As noted above, the first material is selected in order to provide the mass required for the mesh 16 to form the resonant cavity with the nebulisation chamber 10 and actuator 14. The first material in this embodiment is preferably a metal or metal alloy, for example stainless steel, platinum or nickel palladium. Those skilled in the art will be aware of suitable techniques like electroforming or laser drilling/etching) for forming the first portion from the first material, and those techniques will not be described herein.

(49) Next, in step 124, and as shown in FIG. 7(b), a plurality of holes 24 are formed through the first portion 22. As noted above, where the first portion 22 is made from stainless steel, the plurality of holes 24 can be formed using laser drilling. FIG. 8 is a magnified image of a stainless steel plate in which holes 24 have been laser-drilled (although it should be noted that the holes 24 in this plate taper from a diameter of around 30 μm at the inlet (visible) side 18 to about 10 μm at the interface side). In other embodiments, for example where the first portion 22 is made from platinum or nickel palladium, the holes 24 are created when the first portion 22 is formed by electroformation using electroplating (which effectively reduces the steps described in step 122 and 124 and as shown in FIGS. 7(a) and (b) to a single step as shown in FIG. 4).

(50) In step 126, and as shown in FIG. 7(c), a second portion 26 in the form of a layer or plate of a second material is provided. As noted above, the second material is selected to allow manufacturing techniques to be used to form nozzles in the second portion 26 having the required exit diameter. The second material in this embodiment is preferably silicon or a polymer. Those skilled in the art will be aware of suitable techniques for forming the second portion from the second material, for example using photolithography to define the holes, and those techniques will not be described herein.

(51) In step 128, and as shown in FIG. 7(d), a plurality of nozzles 28 are formed through the second portion 26, with the diameter of the nozzles 28 at one side of the second portion 26 being approximately equal to the diameter of the holes 24 in the interface side of the first portion 22 (to avoid or reduce discontinuities), and the diameter of the nozzles 28 at the other side of the second portion 26 being the required size to within the required tolerance (e.g. 2.5 μm±0.065 μm).

(52) Where the second material is silicon, the nozzles 28 can be formed in the second portion 26 using chemical etching. Although techniques for chemical etching in silicon are well-known in the art and will not be described in detail herein, FIG. 9 illustrates the general principles of chemical etching. In particular, a resist 32, which is a template in which the desired nozzle pattern is formed, is placed over the second portion 26 to protect parts of the second portion 26 that are not to be etched. A chemical solvent is applied to the exposed parts of the second portion 26 (i.e. the parts not protected by the resist 31) which dissolves the second material and forms the nozzles 28.

(53) Where the second material is a polymer, the nozzles 28 can be formed in the second portion 26 using laser etching. Although techniques for laser etching in polymers (which is also known as laser machining or laser processing) are well-known in the art and will not be described in detail herein, FIG. 10 illustrates the general principles of laser etching. In particular, a mask 32, which is a template in which the desired nozzle pattern is formed, is placed over the second portion 26, along with a lens 34, and laser light 36 is shone through the mask 32 and lens 34 onto the second portion 26. The laser light etches away/vaporises the exposed parts of the second portion 26 (i.e. the parts not covered by the mask 32) to form the nozzles 28. A gas flow 38 is provided to remove the second material that is vaporised by the laser light 36. Typically an excimer laser having a wavelength of 150-400 nm is used, with the laser being pulsed to remove around 0.15 μm of material from the second portion 26 per pulse.

(54) The images in FIG. 11 show various views (at various magnification levels) of nozzles 28 that have been laser-etched into a polymer (in particular polycarbonate).

(55) Once the first portion 22 and the second portion 26 have been fabricated, the portions 22 and 26 are placed in contact with each other to form the mesh 16 with each hole 24 in the first portion 22 generally aligning with a nozzle 28 in the second portion 26 (step 130 and FIG. 7(e)). In particular embodiments, the first portion 22 is bonded or attached to the second portion 26 using an adhesive or adhesive film, although care should be taken to avoid the adhesive from entering the holes 24 or nozzles 28.

(56) It will be appreciated that steps 122 to 128 shown in FIG. 6 do not need to be performed in the illustrated order, and in some implementations steps 128/130 can be performed before or at generally the same time as steps 122/124.

(57) FIG. 12 is a cross-section through a mesh 16′ manufactured according to a second embodiment of the invention. In this mesh 16′, the first portion 22′ (made from the first material) comprises a layer or plate, with the plurality of holes 24′ formed therethrough. In this embodiment of the invention, the thickness of the first portion 22′ can be greater than 5 μm and/or less than 30 μm. In an exemplary implementation of the second embodiment, the thickness of the first portion 22′ is in the range 5 to 30 μm. In the illustrated embodiment, the diameter of the holes 24′ taper in from the top of the first portion 22′ (corresponding to the inlet side 18′ of the mesh 16′) towards the outlet side 20′ of the mesh 16′. In alternative embodiments, the diameter of the holes 24′ can be uniform through the first portion 22′ (i.e. with no tapering).

(58) As noted above, one side of the first layer 22′ forms the inlet side 18′ of the mesh 16′. In this embodiment, the other side of the first layer 22′ forms part of the outlet side 20′ of the mesh 16′. The first portion 22′ is in contact with the second portion 26′ (made from the second material). In this embodiment, the second material is used to fill the holes 24′, and then nozzles 28′ are formed in the second material, with the diameter of the nozzles 28′ in second material at the outlet side 20′ of the mesh 16′ having the required size and tolerance (e.g. 2.5 μm±0.065 μm). The exit of the nozzles 28′ is denoted 30′ in FIG. 12. The profile of each nozzle 28′ can taper to the desired diameter for the nozzle exit 30′ in a linear or non-linear fashion (so producing a nozzle 28′ with a straight or curved profile).

(59) In an example, the first material is provided as a layer or plate comprising the plurality of holes. The second material is provided as a plurality of inlays that are least partly located in the holes of the first portion, each inlay at partly filling one of the holes in the first material, and having the nozzles formed in the second material, as shown in FIG. 12.

(60) The flow chart in FIG. 13 illustrates an exemplary method of manufacturing a mesh 16′ according to the second embodiment as shown in FIG. 12. FIGS. 14(a)-(d) illustrate the steps in the method of FIG. 13.

(61) Steps 132 and 134 are similar to steps 122 and 124 shown in FIG. 6 and as described above.

(62) Once the plurality of holes 24′ have been formed in the first portion 22′, the holes 24′ are filled with the second material (step 136 and as shown in FIG. 14(c)). In this embodiment the second material can be an epoxy or liquid polymer that can be poured into the holes 24′ and that sets to form the second portion 26′.

(63) The images in FIG. 15(a)-(d) show a metal foil 22′ with holes 24′ filled with a medical grade epoxy 26′ at various levels of magnification.

(64) Next, in step 138 (and as shown in FIG. 14(d)), holes are made through each of the portions 26′ of the second material to form the nozzles 28′ for the outlet side 20′ of the mesh 16′. As in the first embodiment, the holes/nozzles 28′ can be made using chemical etching or laser etching. Alternatively, the holes/nozzles 28′ can be made using laser drilling. FIGS. 15(e) and (f) show the metal foil from FIGS. 15(a)-(d) with nozzles 28′ that have been laser drilled in the second material.

(65) After the holes/nozzles 28′ have been formed, the mesh 16′ is complete.

(66) There is therefore provided a mesh that has a tight tolerance on nozzle exit diameter and the mass required to create a resonant cavity in a nebuliser that can be manufactured at lower cost through a higher yield manufacturing process.

(67) In an example, a nebulizer is provided with a similar design as the nebulizer shown in FIG. 1. The nebulizer comprises a body having an inlet and an outlet arranged so that when a user of the nebuliser inhales through the outlet, air is drawn into and through the nebuliser via the inlet and outlet and into the user's body. The outlet may be provided in the form of a mouthpiece or a facial or nasal mask or in a form that is suitable for connection to a separate replaceable mouthpiece or facial or nasal mask. Further, a nebulisation chamber is provided between the inlet and outlet for storing a liquid. The nebuliser is configured such that the fine droplets of liquid combine with the air drawn through the nebuliser when the user inhales to deliver a dose of the medication or drug to the user. For this reason, a mesh is provided as described in more detail above.

(68) It has to be noted that embodiments of the invention are described with reference to different subject matters. In particular, some embodiments are described with reference to method type claims whereas other embodiments are described with reference to the device type claims. However, a person skilled in the art will gather from the above and the following description that, unless otherwise notified, in addition to any combination of features belonging to one type of subject matter also any combination between features relating to different subject matters is considered to be disclosed with this application. However, all features can be combined providing synergetic effects that are more than the simple summation of the features.

(69) While the invention has been illustrated and described in detail in the drawings and foregoing description, such illustration and description are to be considered illustrative or exemplary and not restrictive; the invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments.

(70) Variations to the disclosed embodiments can be understood and effected by those skilled in the art in practicing the claimed invention, from a study of the drawings, the disclosure and the appended claims.

(71) In the claims, the word “comprising” does not exclude other elements or steps, and the indefinite article “a” or “an” does not exclude a plurality. A single processor or other unit may fulfil the functions of several items re-cited in the claims. The mere fact that certain measures are recited in mutually different dependent claims does not indicate that a combination of these measures cannot be used to advantage. Any reference signs in the claims should not be construed as limiting the scope.