PANEL-MODULAR LAYERED WALL SYSTEM FOR SHAPING SPATIAL STRUCTURES

Abstract

The panel-modular layered wall system for shaping spatial structures is characterised by the fact that: the arrangement of horizontal layers configured by means of joined sideways panels of various shapes, filled with the substrate, whose surfaces are planted with plants according to the principle of bipolarity, preferably using transparent or opaque panels, which are mounted on cantilevers with a variable supporting angle, always forms the horizontal arrangement of panels, placed a maximum of three (when with plants and more when without) on the flat or bent frame of the module in the shape of a rhombus, a rectangle and a trapezium made of a closed profile with a rectangular cross-section, where the frames of modules joined together along the perimeter by means of couplers form the vertical load-bearing frame, sloping load-bearing frame, arched-barrel load-bearing frame, spherical load-bearing frame, cylindrical load-bearing frame and sloping cylindrical load-bearing frame, which, together with the use of silos filled with the substrate, joining individual panels and layers, forms self-supporting layered wall structures in six variants, which can be configured with each other.

Claims

1.-47. (canceled)

48. A panel-modular layered wall system for self-supporting spatial structures, the panel-modular system comprising: at least two module frames joined together along a portion of perimeter by means of couplers to form a load-bearing frame of the spatial structure such that at least a portion of the frame is inclined to vertical, a plurality of panels of different shapes coupled to the frame such that the plurality of panels are arranged as non-fully overlapping horizontal layers of different shapes, wherein the panels are filled with a substrate with plants,

49. The panel-modular system according to claim 48, wherein the at least two module frames are of shapes selected from any or a combination of a rhombus, a rectangle, a trapezium, and shapes resulting from division of the rhombus, the rectangle and the trapezium by ½, ¼, ⅛; wherein an angle alpha of the rhombus shaped module frame is in the range of 25 to 90 degrees; and wherein the at least two module frames are flat or bent symmetrically about a central part at an angle in a range of 0 to 25 degrees.

50. The panel-modular system according to claim 49, wherein flat or bent module frames in the shape of a rhombus, a rectangle or a trapezium are joined by means of “u” shaped couplers with welded two threaded pins located in the inner part of the clamp, which join the edges of the frames through mounting holes on the module frames, the mounting holes being located on a perimeter of the frame at regular intervals.

51. The panel-modular system according to claim 50, wherein the at least two module frames are connected in such a way that they form any or a combination of a flat vertical load-bearing frame, a flat sloping load-bearing frame, a spatial arched-barrel load-bearing frame, a spatial spherical load-bearing frame, a spatial cylindrical load-bearing frame, and a spatial sloping cylindrical load-bearing frame.

52. The panel-modular system according to claim 51, wherein the plurality of panels are of shapes selected from a whole rhombus, a half rhombus, a quarter rhombus, a rectangle, a trapezium, a semi-circle, a quarter of a circle.

53. The panel-modular system according to claim 52, wherein the plurality of panels are coupled to the module frames through a plurality of cantilevers, wherein the cantilevers are configured to hold the corresponding panels in horizontal orientation; and wherein the cantilevers include guide bars configured to engage with docking strips provided on underside of the panels by means of a lock or a bolt or a plug, for mounting of the panels; and wherein a joining gap between the whole, half or complementary panels is filled with a joining strip; and wherein the joining strip is provided with drains.

54. The panel-modular system according to claim 53, wherein trellises of the module frames include mounting holes for the cantilevers, the holes being located at regular distances from top to bottom of the module frame, and wherein the cantilevers include mounting hooks at corresponding spacing for coupling of the cantilevers to the module frames.

55. The panel-modular system according to claim 54, wherein each of the plurality of panels consists of a base and bands, the bands surrounding the panel such that the panels are able to hold the substrate with plants.

56. The panel-modular system according to claim 55, wherein the panel-modular system further includes a plurality of silos filled with the substrate and located between the panels of adjacent horizontal layers; wherein the silos are fitted through a hole of corresponding shape in the base of the panels such that a lower edge of walls of the silos reaches below the band of the panel placed a level below among the horizontal layers in such a way that the silo filled with the substrate rests against the lower layer.

57. The panel-modular system according to claim 56, wherein the module frame and the panel are whole rhombus and width of the panel is identical to a width of the whole rhombus module frame, and wherein on the whole rhombus module frame, ½ rhombus panels or two complementary ¼ of the whole panel are placed symmetrically next to each other, above and below the whole rhombus module panel at equal distances, the distance being a percent value of the height of the whole rhombus module frame, measured from base of the panel, and width of the panels being half of the whole panel or complementary ¼ of the whole panel, regardless of adopted angle Alpha for the whole rhombus module frame, the width of the whole panel or two half panels or four complementary ¼ of whole panels placed next to each other on the rectangular module frame is identical to the width of the module frame, the depth of six basic panels for both sizes is the same, and wherein the band, surrounds each of the panels with the exception of a part of both sides at the width of the panel equal to ⅓ of the depth of the panel, by which each panel is joined on both sides to the adjacent panels, and the silos joining the layers of the panels have preferably an inclination angle between 30 and 90 degrees.

58. The panel-modular system according to claim 57, wherein the whole panels are joined both sides at a 90 degrees angle to the plane of module frame at more than ⅓ of depth of the each whole panel, while the half panels are joined sideways at ⅓ of the depth of the whole panel on one side and for the whole depth of the panel on the other side, and the complementary panels at ⅓ of the depth of the whole panel or are joined sideways along the whole depth of the whole panel to the adjacent whole or half panel.

59. The panel-modular system according to claim 57, wherein the whole panels are joined both sides at 90 degrees angle to the plane of module frame at more than ⅓ of the depth of the each whole panel, while the half panels are joined sideways at ⅓ of the depth of the whole panel on one side and for the whole depth of the panel on the other side, and the complementary panels at ⅓ of the depth of the whole panel or are joined sideways along the whole depth of the whole panel to the adjacent whole or half panel where the half panels in the shape of a quarter of a circle or halves of the panel in the shape of an isosceles triangle are rigidly combined into the one whole panel by means of a mounting batten.

60. The panel modular system according to claim 57, wherein the half panels in the shape of a quarter of a circle or halves of the panel in the shape of an isosceles triangle are rigidly combined into the one whole panel by means of a mounting batten.

61. The panel modular system according to claim 60, wherein the whole panels are joined both sides at 90 degrees angle to the plane of module frame at more than ⅓ of the depth of the each whole panel, while the half panels are joined sideways at ⅓ of the depth of the whole panel on one side and for the whole depth of the panel on the other side, and the complementary panels at ⅓ of the depth of the whole panel or are joined sideways along the whole depth of the whole panel to the adjacent whole or half panel and half panels in the shape of a quarter of a circle or halves of the panel in the shape of an isosceles triangle are rigidly combined into the one whole panel by means of a mounting batten.15 to 90

62. The panel modular system according to claim 61, wherein the panels filled with the substrate with plants and the panels with a transparent or full filling, combined into layers, mounted by the use of the cantilevers with a supporting angle in range of 15 to 90 degrees, are mounted diagonally to the ground and form the sloping structure of the layered wall in which the panels filled with the substrate with plants are placed up to two pieces, one above the other on the rhombus or rectangular module frame, effectively in the range of 15 to 70 degrees of inclination of the sloping structure to the ground surface or up to three pieces, one above the other on the rhombus or rectangular module frame, effectively in the range of 70 to 90 degrees of inclination of the sloping structure.

63. The panel modular system according to claim 62, wherein a flat load-bearing plane, consisting of the flat module frames in shape of a rhombus or a half and a quarter of a rhombus which are joined together sideways diagonally or in the shape of a rectangle and the module frames constituting a half of its shape, which are joined together sideways by means of the couplers, on which the panels filled with the substrate with plants are mounted and the panels with a transparent or full filling, combined into layers, by the use of the cantilevers with a supporting angle in range of 15 to 90 degrees, mounted diagonally to the ground and form the sloping structure of the layered wall where within a given sloping structure, a supporting angle of the cantilevers is fixed depending on the adopted inclination angle of the structure in the range of 15 to 90 degrees to keep horizontal position of the panel plane to the ground.

64. The panel modular system according to claim 62, wherein the module frames in the shape of a rhombus and a half rhombus, shaped in the range of 25 to 90 degrees for the angle alpha or in the shape of a rectangle and a square, are bent symmetrically in the middle part at an angle in the range of 0 to 25 degrees, joined together sideways diagonally or with a shift by means of couplers, form together the arched-barrel load-bearing module frame.

65. The panel modular system according to claim 62, wherein the silo is placed on the every second or the third whole panel without a mounting hole, within a given layer where bent module frames on which the panels filled with the substrate with plants are mounted and the panels with transparent or 100% opaque filling, joined together in layers mounted perpendicularly to the arch of the structure and horizontally to the ground supported by the cantilevers with a variable support angle, form the arched-barrel structure of the layered wall.

66. The panel modular system according to claim 65, wherein the silo is placed every second or the third whole panel without a mounting hole, within a given layer where the spherical load-bearing module frame consisting of a set of bent module frames in the shape of a trapezium or a rhombus, of variable size, decreasing towards the top of the structure, joined by couplers, on which the panels filled with the substrate with plants are placed and the panels with transparent or 100% opaque filling, supported by the cantilevers of a variable support angle and combined into layers placed perpendicularly to the arch of the structure and horizontally to the ground.

67. The panel modular system according to claim 48, wherein the panels filled with the substrate with plants and the panels with a transparent or full filling, combined into layers, are mounted by the use of the cantilevers with a supporting angle in range of 15 to 90 degrees, as a whole mounted diagonally to the ground and form the sloping structure of the layered wall and in the sloping structure, the panels filled with the substrate with plants are placed up to two pieces, one above the other on the rhombus or rectangular module frame, effectively in the range of 15 to 70 degrees of inclination of the sloping structure to the ground surface or up to three pieces, one above the other on the rhombus or rectangular module frame, effectively in the range of 70 to 90 degrees of inclination of the sloping structure.

68. The panel modular system according to claim 67, wherein the panels filled with the substrate with plants and the panels with a transparent or full filling, combined into layers, are mounted by use of the cantilevers with a supporting angle in range of 15 to 90 degrees, as a whole are mounted diagonally to the ground and form the sloping structure of the layered wall and in the sloping structure, the panels filled with the substrate with plants are placed up to two pieces, one above the other on the rhombus or rectangular module frame, effectively in the range of 15 to 70 degrees of inclination of the sloping structure to the ground surface or up to three pieces, one above the other on the rhombus or rectangular module frame, effectively in the range of 70 to 90 degrees of inclination of the sloping structure and on the horizontally bent module frame in the shape of a rhombus and a rectangle or a trapezium within the range of 0 to 25 degrees, of which the load-bearing plane of the arched-barrel or spherical construction is made, are placed up to 3 panels with the substrate and plants, layered one above the other.

69. The panel modular system according to claim 68, wherein the panels filled with the substrate with plants and the panels with a transparent or full filling, combined into layers, are mounted by use of the cantilevers with a supporting angle in range of 15 to 90 degrees, as a whole are mounted diagonally to the ground and form the sloping structure of the layered wall and in the sloping structure, the panels filled with the substrate with plants are placed up to two pieces, one above the other on the rhombus or rectangular module frame, effectively in the range of 15 to 70 degrees of inclination of the sloping structure to the ground surface or up to three pieces, one above the other on the rhombus or rectangular module frame, effectively in the range of 70 to 90 degrees of inclination of the sloping structure and within a given sloping structure, a supporting angle of the cantilevers is fixed depending on the adopted inclination angle of the structure in the range of 15 to 90 degrees to keep ever-horizontal position of the panel plane to the ground where the bent frames of the modules used within a single arched-barrel or spherical structure have fixed or different deflection angles in the range of 0 to 25 degrees.

70. The panel modular system according to claim 68, wherein the silos joining the layers have a full filling on three sides, on each whole side of the silo, at different heights, there is a set of mounting holes in which the combs of rods are placed while the front of the silo is covered with a fine weave mesh and flat or bent module frames in the shape of a rhombus, a rectangle or a trapezium are joined by means of “u” shaped couplers with welded two threaded pins located in the inner part of the clamp, by which are joined the edges of the module frames in mounting holes on the rhombus or rectangular module frame which mounting holes for frame couplers in the shape of a rhombus, a rectangle and a trapezium are placed on the perimeter of the entire module frame at regular intervals where the shape of the rhombus module frame can be shaped in the range of 25 to 90 degrees for the angle Alpha and on the vertical elements of the trellises of the module frames in the shape of a rhombus, a rectangle and a trapezium and the shapes resulting from their division, there are mounting holes for the cantilevers, at regular distances from the top to the bottom of the module frame, which correspond to the spacing of the mounting hooks of the cantilevers supporting the panels in 3 types of layered wall structures, and fronts of the panels are in one plane where the cylindrical load-bearing plane is formed of flat or vertically bent module frames of the modules in the shape of a rhombus or a half and a quarter of a rhombus which are joined together sideways diagonally or in the shape of a rectangle and the module frames constituting a half of its shape, which are joined together sideways by means of couplers, on which are mounted the panels filled with the substrate with plants joined by vertical silos and/or the panels with a transparent or 100% opaque filling, and the connections between the layers are carried out by the use of the cantilevers with a supporting angle 90 degrees.

71. The panel modular system according to claim 48, wherein the whole panels are joined both sides at a 90 degrees angle to the plane of module frame at more than ⅓ of the depth of the each whole panel, while the half panels are joined sideways at ⅓ of the depth of the whole panel on one side and for the whole depth of the panel on the other side, and the complementary panels at ⅓ of the depth of the whole panel or are joined sideways along the whole depth of the whole panel to the adjacent whole or the half panel and the half panels in the shape of a quarter of a circle or halves of the panel in the shape of an isosceles triangle can be rigidly combined into the one whole panel by means of a mounting batten and the panel band height is normally ¼ of the whole panel depth in the case of mounting the panels together with the substrate and plants on three levels on the module frame and up to ⅓ of the panel depth in the case of using the two panels or one panel together with the substrate and plants on the module frame and the guide bars of the cantilevers which enter into the docking strips placed on the underside of the panels are mounted on the docking strips by means of a lock (a bolt or a plug) and the joining gap between the whole, the half or complementary panels is filled with the joining strip which is equipped with the drains and is used together with vertical silos or only if the silos are not used within a given structure or are used to join only some layers of the structure where on the vertical elements of the trellises of the module frames in the shape of a rhombus, a rectangle and a trapezium and the shapes resulting from their division, there are mounting holes for the cantilevers, at regular distances from the top to the bottom of the module frame, which correspond to the spacing of the mounting hooks of the cantilevers supporting the panels in 3 types of layered wall structures, where the flat load-bearing plane, consisting of the flat module frames of the modules in the shape of a rhombus or a half and a quarter of a rhombus which are joined together sideways diagonally or in the shape of a rectangle and the module frames constituting a half of its shape, which are joined together sideways by means of couplers, on which the panels filled with the substrate with plants are mounted and the panels with a transparent or full filling, combined into layers, by the use of the cantilevers with a supporting angle in range of 15 to 90 degrees, as a whole are mounted diagonally to the ground and form the sloping structure of the layered wall and in the sloping structure, the panels filled with the substrate with plants are placed up to two pieces, one above the other on the rhombus or rectangular module frame, effectively in the range of 15 to 70 degrees of inclination of the sloping structure to the ground surface or up to three pieces, one above the other on the rhombus or rectangular module frame, effectively in the range of 70 to 90 degrees of inclination of the sloping structure where within a given sloping structure, a supporting angle of the cantilevers is fixed depending on the adopted inclination angle of the structure in the range of 15 to 90 degrees to keep ever-horizontal position of the panel plane to the ground where the sloping cylindrical bearing plane is formed of flat module frames of the modules in the shape of a trapezium which are joined sideways by bent couplers and on which are the mounted panels filled with the substrate with plants, joined by vertical silos and/or with the panels with a transparent or 100% opaque filling, joined into layers by means of the cantilevers with a support angle of 10-90 degrees, and a set of module frames used in the sloping cylindrical structure has a variable angle Beta for the structure with a given inclination angle with a minimum of 5 pieces per quarter of a circle or an ellipse constituting the base of the cylinder.

Description

[0060] The system according to the invention is shown in the drawing which presents:

[0061] FIG. 1. Panel-modular layered wall system—scheme of climatic interaction in the urban environment. I. Sun radiation (short wave); {ultraviolet (7% energy), visible (45% energy), infrared (47% energy)}. Penetration of solar radiation into the layered structure through: a. Skylight placed at the top level of the object, b. Clearances between layers. 2. Thermal radiation (long-wave) emitted by the earth's surface and atmosphere. 3. Reflected solar radiation particularly intense in urbanised areas. 4. Local convection currents. 5. Impact of the structure on the ambient climate—cooling of so-called heat islands in cities. 6. Microclimate inside the structure.

[0062] FIG. 2: Panels mounted on a rhombus and a square frame; A). whole panels (visible a hole for a silo), B). half panels, C) supplementary panels; 7. Panel bands, 8. Panel plane, 16. Joining side.

[0063] FIG. 3 Types of cantilevers; 10. Cantilevers with a 90 degrees angle in three sizes (side view); 11. Mounting hooks for cantilevers. 13. Cantilevers for mounting on the sloping and arched construction, 40. Guide bar rail with docking holes (top view), 41. Elements of guide bars, 42. Fastening clamp.

[0064] FIG. 4. Whole panel with a visible hole for a silo, 40. Guide bar rails, (view from the bottom of the panel).

[0065] FIG. 5. Rhombus-shaped frame, 12. Mounting holes of cantilevers on the module frame,

[0066] FIG. 6. Square frame; 12. Mounting holes of cantilevers;

[0067] FIG. 7. Types of frames of additional modules, 12. Mounting holes of cantilevers on the module frame, 14. Frames of complementary modules with the flat frame, 15. Halves of whole frames used as flat and bent frames.

[0068] FIG. 8 Joining elements of panels, 7. Panel band, 8. Panel plane, 16 Panel joining side, 20. Drain-pipes, 43. Silo, 44. Hole for panel joining strip, 45. Panel expansion joint, 46. Panel joining strip, 47. Guide bar for panel band, 48. Expansion joint elements.

[0069] FIG. 9 Layer joining silo, 49. Comb placed on three sides of the silo in prepared holes; a). top view, b). front view, c). side view.

[0070] FIG. 10. Filling strip between panels in the spherical, cylindrical and sloping cylindrical structure. 7. Band, 51. Filling strip (top view, bottom view), 52. expansion joint elements.

[0071] FIG. 11. element. 54. Arrangement of the panels on the top layer of the spherical structure, (view from below), 55. Arrangement of the panels on the central layer of the spherical structure (view from above), 56. Loop in which the bolt joining the panels and the joining strip is placed.

[0072] FIG. 12. Module on the rhombus frame, 7. Panel bands, 8. Panel plane, 9. Panel frame, 16. Panel joining side, (top view)

[0073] FIG. 13. Module with the rhombus frame, (side view), 7. Panel bands, 9. Panel frame, 10 Cantilevers, 16, Panel joining side where a given panel is joined to the adjacent panel.

[0074] FIG. 14. Module with the rhombus frame, 7. Panel bands, 9. Panel frame, 10. Cantilevers, (front view).

[0075] FIG. 15. Diagonally mounted module, 7. Panel bands, 8. Panel plane, 9. Panel frame, 16. Panel joining side without the band where a given panel is connected to the adjacent panel. (top view);

[0076] FIG. 16. Diagonally mounted module, 7. Panel sides, 9. Panel frame, 13. Diagonal cantilevers, 16. Joining side by which the panel is connected to the adjacent panel (side view).

[0077] FIG. 17. Diagonally mounted module (front view); 7. Panel bands, 9. Panel frame, 13. Diagonal cantilevers.

[0078] FIG. 18. Module on the rectangular frame, (top view); 7. Panel bands, 8. Panel plane, 16. Panel joining side;

[0079] FIG. 19. Module on the square/rectangular frame, (front view). 7. Panel bands, 16. Panel joining side;

[0080] FIG. 20. Module on square/rectangular frame, 7. Panel bands, 10. Cantilever, 16. Panel joining side. (side view).

[0081] FIG. 21. Views of complementary module with basic panels, type A (top, side, front view). 7. Panel band, 8. Panel plane, 10. Cantilevers, 15. Complementary panel frame.

[0082] FIG. 22. Views of complementary module with basic panels, type B, (top, side, front view). 7. Panel band, 8. Panel plane, 10 Cantilevers, 15. Complementary panel frame.

[0083] FIG. 23. Views of complementary module with basic panels, type C, (top, side, front view). 7. Panel band, 8. Panel plane, 10. Cantilevers, 15. Complementary panel frame.

[0084] FIG. 24. Views of complementary module with basic panels, type D, (top, side, front view), 7. Panel band, 8. Panel plane, 10. Cantilevers, 15. Complementary panel frame.

[0085] FIG. 25. Example of assembling modules on the rhombus frame in the vertical structure. 7. Panel bands, 9. Panel frame, 10. Cantilevers, 16. Panel joining side where a given panel is connected to the adjacent panel (top view).

[0086] FIG. 26. Example of assembling modules on the rhombus frame in the vertical structure, 7. Panel bands, 9. Panel frame, 10. Cantilevers, 16. Panel joining side where a given panel is connected to the adjacent panel (front view).

[0087] FIG. 27. Example of assembling modules on the rhombus frame in the sloping structure using whole and half panels, 7. Panel sides, 8. Panel plane, 9. Panel frame, 16. Panel joining side where the panel joins the adjacent panel (top view).

[0088] FIG. 28. Example of assembling modules on the rhombus frame in the sloping structure (front view); 7. Panel bands, 9. Panel frame, 13. Diagonal cantilevers 16. Panel joining side where the panel joins the adjacent panel.

[0089] FIG. 29. Components of a single module panel (using the example of the whole panel); 7. Panel band, 10. Cantilevers, 17. Substrate layer, 18. Expanded clay layer, 19. Thermal insulation layer, 20. Drain-pipes, 21. Panel base, 22. Irrigation pipes (front view).

[0090] FIG. 30. Components of the panel, 7. Panel band, 10. Cantilevers, 17. Substrate layer, 18. Expanded clay layer, 19. moisture barrier layer, 20. Drain-pipes, 22. Irrigation pipes (side view).

[0091] FIG. 31. Module on the rhombus frame with plants. 7. Panel bands, 9. Panel frame, 10. Cantilevers, 16. Joining gap on the side of the panel where the panel joins the adjacent panel (front view).

[0092] FIG. 32. Module on the rhombus frame with plants. 7. Panel bands, 9. Panel frame, 10. Cantilevers, 16. Joining gap on the side of the panel where the panel joins the adjacent panel, 17. Substrate. (Side view).

[0093] FIG. 33. 32. Visually different combinations of panels on the rhombus frame.

[0094] FIG. 34. Sample combinations of 6 panels in the basic module configuration, (perspective view) on the square-shaped frame.

[0095] FIG. 35. Views of couplers for joining frames, A) front and rear view, B) side view, (C) perspective, assembly view.

[0096] FIG. 36. Joining points of rhombus-shaped frames. (rear view). 37. Clamps.

[0097] FIG. 37. Joining points of square frames, 37. Couplers. (front view)

[0098] FIG. 38. Structure in an open arrangement on the plane of the building wall, 8. Panel plane, 27. Load-bearing frame of the structure with a concrete foundation; (top view).

[0099] FIG. 39. Structure in an open arrangement on the plane of the building wall, 27. Stabilizing frame with a concrete foundation, 43. Silos joining the panel layers, (side view).

[0100] FIG. 40. Structure in an open arrangement on the wall of the building elevation with variable distances between panels joined by silos. 23. Construction frame, 28. Automatic irrigation system, 29. Concrete mast footings of the construction frame, 43. Silos, (front view).

[0101] FIG. 41. Structure in an open arrangement on the wall of the building elevation with variable distances between panels joined by silos. (Perspective view).

[0102] FIG. 42. Structure in an open arrangement built of rhombus frames with fixed distances between layers, 8. Panel plane, 27. Stabilizing frame, (top view).

[0103] FIG. 43. Structure in an open arrangement, made of rhombus frames, free-standing, (side view).

[0104] FIG. 44. Structure in open arrangement made of rhombus frames, free-standing, 7. Panel bands, 27. Stabilizing frame, 28. Automatic irrigation system, 29. Concrete foundation, (Front view).

[0105] FIG. 45. Structure in an open arrangement using whole semi-circular, triangular and half panels, including supplementary panels, assembled at random on the elevation. (Perspective View).

[0106] FIG. 46. Sloping structure; a) fixed distance between the surface of the panel plane; b) fixed distance between panel fronts, 7. Bands, 9. Module frame, 13. Cantilever, 16. Panel joining place, 27. Element supporting the structure made of modules, 28. Automatic irrigation system, 43. Silos, 50. Panels without plant matter, transparent, photovoltaic, etc. (side view).

[0107] FIG. 47. Sloping structure, 43. Silos. 50. Panels without plant matter, transparent, photovoltaic, (top view).

[0108] FIG. 48. Sloping structure; 7. Bands, 9. Module frame, 27. Element supporting the structure made of modules, 43. Silos (front view).

[0109] FIG. 49. Sloping structure, possibility of roofing, 43. Silos, 50. Panels without plant matter, transparent, photovoltaic. (perspective view).

[0110] FIG. 50. Structure with a closed arrangement. 6. Microclimate inside the structure. 24. Photophilic plants planted from the outer and top side of the structure, 25. Shade-loving plants planted from the inner side of the structure, 30. Stone benches and tables accumulating cold during hot days and keeping warm during the night, optionally. 27. Constructional elements to which a set of modules is mounted. 28. Automatic irrigation system, 29. Concrete feet of load-bearing frame, 31. Panels mounted diagonally on the frame forming the roofing, 32. Panels, 36. Photovoltaic panels, optionally, (Cross-section).

[0111] FIG. 51. Structure with a closed arrangement. (Perspective view).

[0112] FIG. 52. Structure with a closed arrangement. 27. Constructional elements of the structure to which the modules are mounted. (top view).

[0113] FIG. 53. Structure with a closed arrangement. 26. Sloping structure covering the structure of the tetrahedron of the Layered Wall. 27. Constructional elements to which a set of modules is mounted. (Side view).

[0114] FIG. 54. Structure in the semi-closed arrangement in a double version. 6. Microclimate inside the structure coming from soil and plants in relation to the closest surroundings of the object. 24. Photophilic plants planted from the outer and top side of the structure, 25. Shade-loving plants planted from the inner side of the structure. 27. Constructional elements to which a set of modules is mounted. 28. Automatic plant irrigation system, 29. Concrete mast footings of the construction frame, 33. Blocking the movement of fine dust and pollution in the form of burnt hydrocarbons. 34. Car traffic lane, 35. Layered wall made of panels mounted on vertical frames of the modules which form a free-standing element of the structure on the structural frame. 36. Photovoltaic panels, optionally. (Cross section).

[0115] FIG. 55. Structure in a semi-closed arrangement in a double version. (Perspective view).

[0116] FIG. 56. Structure in a semi-closed arrangement in a double version. 27. Constructional elements to which a set of modules is mounted, 35. Layered wall in a double arrangement (top view).

[0117] FIG. 57. Structure in a semi-closed arrangement in a double version. 27. Constructional masts of the structure embedded in the ground (side view).

[0118] FIG. 58 Module on the bent frame used in the arched structure, 7. Bands, 8. Panel, 13. Cantilever, 16. Panel joining side, 36. Bent frame of the module (top view).

[0119] FIG. 59 Module on the bent frame used in the arched structure 7. Bands, 8. Panel, 13. Cantilever, 16. Panel joining side, 36. Bent frame of the module (side view).

[0120] FIG. 60 Arched structure with the use of the frame of the modules with a fixed deflection angle, 7. Bands, 8. Panel, 13. Cantilever, 16. Panel joining side, 36. Bent frame of the module, (front view).

[0121] FIG. 61 Half modules on the bent frame, used in the arched structure, 7. Bands, 8. Panel, 16. Panel joining side, 36. Bent frame of the module, (top view).

[0122] FIG. 62 Arched structure; half modules on the bent frame, 7. Bands, 13. Cantilever, 36. Bent frame of the module, (front view).

[0123] FIG. 63 Edge of the arched structure with the use of the frame with a fixed deflection angle, 7. Bands, 8. Panel, 13. Cantilever, 16. Panel joining side, 36. Bent frame of the module, 38. Clearances for illuminating the interior (top view).

[0124] FIG. 64 Edge of the arched structure with the use of the frame with a fixed deflection angle, 7. Bands. 13. Cantilever, 16. Panel joining side, 36. Bent frame of the module, (front view).

[0125] FIG. 65 Arched structure with the use of the module frame with a fixed deflection angle, 43. Silos. (side view).

[0126] FIG. 66 Arched structure with the use of the module frame with a fixed deflection angle, 38. Adjustable clearances for illuminating the interior, 39. Arched construction (top view).

[0127] FIG. 67 Arched structure with the use of module frames with a fixed deflection angle; 6. Microclimate inside the structure, 7. Bands, 8. Panel, 13. Cantilever, 16. Panel joining side, 24. Panels with photophilic plants, 25. Panels with shade-loving plants, 28. Plant irrigation system, 29. Concrete footings of constructional frame, 39. Arched construction (cross-section view), 43. Silos. 50. Panels without plant matter—transparent, photovoltaic, etc.

[0128] FIG. 68 Arched structure with the use of module frames with a fixed deflection angle on the roof of the building with elements of vertical structures placed inside, 43. Silos, 50. Transparent panels. (perspective).

[0129] FIG. 69. Trapezium-shaped frames used in the spherical structure (front view), FIG. 70. Trapezium-shaped frames (side view), FIG. 71. Spherical load-bearing frame (top view of the construction), FIG. 72. Fragment of the arch out of trapezium frames forming the spherical load-bearing frame, A). (front view), 12. Mounting holes of cantilevers, B). (perspective view), C). (side view), 13. Cantilever;

[0130] FIG. 73. Spherical structure, a) distances between panel surfaces, b) distances between panel fronts, 7. Bands, 43. Silos, (side view).

[0131] FIG. 74. Spherical structure, (perspective), FIG. 75. Spherical structure, 43. Silos, 51. Filling strip (top view), FIG. 76. Spherical structure, (front view).

[0132] FIG. 77. Cylindrical structure, 51. Complementary strips (top view), 51. Filling strip, 78. Cylindrical structure, 7. Bands, 43. Silos, (front view), 79. Cylindrical structure (side view), FIG. 80. Cylindrical structure (perspective), FIG. 81. Sloping cylindrical structure, load-bearing element (top view), FIG. 82. Sloping cylindrical structure, load-bearing element (front view), FIG. 83. Sloping cylindrical, load-bearing element (side view), FIG. 84. Sloping cylindrical structure, load-bearing frames of the structure, a,b,c,d,e: (top view, side view, cross-section view), FIG. 85. Sloping cylindrical structure 51. Filling strip (top view), FIG. 86. Sloping cylindrical structure (front view), FIG. 87. Sloping cylindrical structure, (side view),

[0133] FIG. 88. Sloping cylindrical structure (perspective), FIG. 89. Structure composed of elements of vertical, barrel-arched, spherical and sloping cylindrical diagonal structure (top view), FIG. 90. Composite structure 43. Silos (side view), FIG. 91. Composite structure (cross-section view),

[0134] FIG. 92. Composite structure (perspective).

EXAMPLES OF AN EXECUTION

Example I

[0135] The panel-modular system of the layered wall for shaping spatial structures according to the invention contains modules, each of which is a combination of a layered, horizontal arrangement of panels, placed no more than three on a frame made of a closed profile with a rectangular cross-section, together with placed on them vegetating plants on the substrate layer. The frames of the modules are joined together in such a way that they form the flat vertical, flat sloping, arched-barrel, spherical, cylindrical and sloping cylindrical load-bearing frame together with applied vertical silos filled with the substrate, joining individual panels and horizontal layers, creating layered “green” wall structures with a horizontal arrangement of layers in six variants as self-supporting structures.

[0136] The panels are selected in such a way that the system elements consist of 2 whole panels, 4 half panels. In addition, the system consists of cooperating with panels, panel joining strips, panel docking strips, cantilevers with a fixed deflection angle or variable deflection angle within the structure in the range of 10 to 90 degrees, the lock of panel cantilevers, two types of module frames, flat and bent in the middle part in the range of 0 to 25 degrees in the shape of a rhombus and a rectangle and frames resulting from the division, frame couplers, silos with an inclination angle from 30 to 90 degrees, as well as panel bands.

[0137] The panels, which are not enclosed by bands, appear exclusively as devoid of plants, with a full or transparent filling, and they are therefore mounted on the module frame in a closer sequence of distances between the panel planes.

[0138] The frames of modules are joined by means of couplers, made of thick, profiled metal sheet, bent into a “u” shape with two welded threaded pins located in the inner part of the clamp. Holes in which threaded pins of the clamp joining both frames enter are placed on the perimeter of the whole frame at regular intervals. On the opposite side of the hole into which the pin enters there is a mounting hole for a socket wrench and a self-locking nut which is bolted onto the pin. The mounting hole is located on the outer side of the structure where cantilevers and panels are mounted on the frames. Flat frames are joined by means of couplers where threaded pins are placed parallel next to each other inside the coupler of channel section shape FIG. 35A.

[0139] In addition, as a separate arrangement the system according to the invention comprises the irrigation system for plants; and the substrate for plants and the method of planting them are selected within the structure according to a bipolar key.

[0140] The flat load-bearing plane on which the panels of the system are mounted according to the invention is formed by the flat frames of rhombus shape or halves and quarters of a rhombus, which are joined sideways diagonally and the frames in the shape of a rectangle and the frames constituting a half of its shape, which are joined sideways by means of couplers, and on which the panels are mounted filled with the substrate with plants, another adjacent layers of these panels are joined by vertical silos. The layers of the system according to the invention are held by cantilevers with a 90 degree supporting angle. The load-bearing plane as a whole is assembled vertically in relation to the ground and forms the vertical structure of the layered wall.

[0141] On the vertical trellises of rectangular frames and frames in the shapes resulting from their division by ½, ¼, ⅛ there are mounting holes for cantilevers, at regular intervals from the top to the bottom of the frame, which correspond to the spacing of mounting hooks for cantilevers supporting panels in 4 types of layered wall structures, thus the distances between the created planes of layers of panels can be freely adjusted within these structures.

[0142] Within the structures of the front of the panels, in the case of a flat plane, starting from the layer of panels placed closest to the ground up to the top one, the panels are in one plane, while surfaces of the horizontal cross-sections of the panels do not coincide with each other in a top view, but pass each other.

[0143] Each panel consists of the base and bands, keeping the moist substrate with plants inside the panel. The height of the bands is normally ¼ of the panel depth when the panels are mounted on three levels on the module frame and up to ⅓ of the panel depth when using a double or single panel on the module frame. The bottom and bands of the panel are lined with an insulating layer of polystyrene and insulating foil in particular, which are covered with a layer of expanded clay and the substrate with plants. The bands are placed in the guide bar bolted to the edge of the panel, encircling each whole panel around except for parts of both its sides along the panel width, and “truncated” on the sides at a 90 degrees angle to the plane of the module frame, by which they butt the adjacent panels on both sides at more than ⅓ of the depth of each panel. In this way, they form a horizontal layer, stretching along the layered wall structure. The half panels are joined sideways on one side at ⅓ of the panel depth and on the other side for the whole panel depth. Each panel, joining the adjacent panels, creates a long level, stretching along the whole layered wall structure. The layer of the substrate can be thick in the range of 15 to 35 cm.

[0144] The silos joining the layers are fully filled on three sides, while their front is covered with a fine weave mesh. The silos have an inclination angle of 30 to 90 degrees as seen in a side view of the structure, and panels with a hole for the silo together with the silo located there are placed every third whole panel without a hole, within a given layer made of panels. The silos have holes for combs made of rods which are put from three sides at fixed distances at the height of the silo.

[0145] The irrigation system is installed in all the module panels forming together layers and the panel-modular system. On each layer there is a separate controller that doses the amount of water due to the requirements of the plants placed there. The irrigation system is connected to a continuous water supply or to a replenished tank with a pump which guarantees a continuous water supply to the irrigation system. The water supply varies depending on the season of the year, needs and type of plants, e.g. shade-loving or photophilic plants, spatial and climatic location of the structure. Rainwater is obtained by means of an appropriate scale of panel planes and configuration of layers, and through vertical silos it is distributed within the joint system of the layer wall, which, in the case of regular rainfall, may result in periodic shutdown of the irrigation system.

[0146] On the layered wall created with the help of the system according to the invention, plants are placed according to the principle of bipolarity. On the outer and better illuminated parts of the panel, photophilic plants are placed, and on the inner and lower layers of the structure, shade-loving plants.

Example II

[0147] The panel-modular system of the layered wall for shaping spatial structures according to the invention contains modules, each of which is a combination of a layered, horizontal arrangement of panels, placed no more than three on a frame made of a closed profile with a rectangular cross-section, together with placed on them vegetating plants on the substrate layer. The frames of the modules are joined together in such a way that they form the flat load-bearing frame together with applied vertical silos filled with the substrate, joining individual panels and horizontal layers, creating layered “green” wall structures with a horizontal arrangement of layers in six variants as self-supporting structures.

[0148] The panels are selected in such a way that the system elements consist of 2 whole panels, 4 half panels. In addition, the system consists of cooperating with panels, panel joining strips, panel docking strips, cantilevers with a fixed deflection angle or variable deflection angle within the structure in the range of 10 to 90 degrees, the lock of panel cantilevers, two types of module frames, flat and bent in the middle part in the range of 0 to 25 degrees in the shape of a rhombus and rectangle and frames resulting from the division, frame couplers, silos with an inclination angle from 30 to 90 degrees, as well as preferably panel bands.

[0149] The panels, which are not enclosed by bands, appear exclusively as devoid of plants, with a full or transparent filling, and they are therefore mounted on the module frame in a closer sequence of distances between the panel planes.

[0150] The frames of modules are joined by means of couplers, made in particular of thick, profiled metal sheet, bent into a “u” shape with two welded threaded pins located in the inner part of the clamp. Holes in which threaded pins of the clamp joining both frames enter are placed on the perimeter of the whole frame at regular intervals. On the opposite side of the hole into which the pin enters there is a mounting hole for a socket wrench and a self-locking nut which is bolted onto the pin. The mounting hole is located on the outer side of the structure where cantilevers and panels are mounted on the frames. Flat frames are joined by means of couplers where threaded pins are placed parallel next to each other inside the coupler of channel section shape FIG. 35A.

[0151] In addition, as a separate arrangement the system according to the invention comprises the irrigation system for plants, and the substrate for plants and the method of planting them are selected within the structure according to a bipolar key.

[0152] The flat load-bearing plane on which the panels of the system are mounted according to the invention is formed by the flat frames of rhombus shape or halves and quarters of a rhombus, which are joined sideways diagonally and the frames in the shape of a rectangle and the frames constituting a half of its shape, which are joined sideways by means of couplers, and on which the panels are mounted filled with the substrate with plants, another adjacent layers of these panels are joined by vertical silos. The layers of the system according to the invention are held by cantilevers with a 90 degree supporting angle. The load-bearing plane as a whole is assembled vertically in relation to the ground and forms the vertical structure of the layered wall.

[0153] On the elements of vertical trellises of rectangular frames and frames in the shapes resulting from their division by ½, ¼, ⅛ there are mounting holes for cantilevers, at regular intervals from the top to the bottom of the frame, which correspond to the spacing of mounting hooks for cantilevers supporting panels in 6 types of layered wall structures, thus the distances between the created planes of layers of panels can be freely adjusted within these structures.

[0154] Within the structures of the front of the panels, starting from the layer of panels placed closest to the ground up to the top one, the panels are in one plane, while surfaces of the horizontal cross-sections of the panels do not coincide with each other in a top view, but pass each other.

[0155] A characteristic feature of the sloping flat layered wall structure is a much greater exposure of the whole panel surfaces to light and rainwater because the panel fronts, depending on the inclination of the plane, are distant from each other and do not remain in one plane as in the vertical flat layered wall structure.

[0156] Each panel consists of the base and bands, keeping the moist substrate with plants inside the panel. The height of the bands is normally ¼ of the panel depth when the panels are mounted on three levels on the module frame and up to ⅓ of the panel depth when using a double or single panel on the module frame. The bottom and bands of the panel are lined with an insulating layer of polystyrene and insulating foil in particular, which are covered with a layer of expanded clay and the substrate with plants. The bands are placed in the guide bar bolted to the edge of the panel, encircling each whole panel around except for parts of both its sides along the panel width, and “truncated” on the sides at a 90 degrees angle to the plane of the module frame, by which they butt the adjacent panels on both sides at more than ⅓ of the depth of each panel. In this way, they form a horizontal layer, stretching along the layered wall structure. The half panels are joined sideways on one side at ⅓ of the panel depth and on the other side for the whole panel depth. Each panel, joining the adjacent panels, creates a long level, stretching along the whole layered wall structure.

[0157] The layer of the substrate is thick in the range of 15 to 35 cm.

[0158] The silos joining the layers are fully filled on three sides, while their front is covered with a fine weave mesh. The silos have an inclination angle of 30 to 90 degrees as seen in a side view of the structure, and panels with a hole for the silo together with the silo located there are placed every third whole panel without a hole, within a given layer made of panels. The silos have holes for combs made of rods which are put from three sides at fixed distances at the height of the silo.

[0159] The irrigation system is installed in all the module panels forming together layers and the panel-modular system. On each layer there is a separate controller that doses the amount of water due to the requirements of the plants placed there. The irrigation system is connected to a continuous water supply or to a replenished tank with a pump which guarantees a continuous water supply to the irrigation system. The water supply varies depending on the season of the year, needs and type of plants, e.g. shade-loving or photophilic plants, spatial and climatic location of the structure. Rainwater is obtained by means of an appropriate scale of panel planes and configuration of layers, and through vertical silos it is distributed within the joint system of the layer wall, which, in the case of regular rainfall, may result in periodic shutdown of the irrigation system.

[0160] On the layered wall created with the help of the system according to the invention, plants are placed according to the principle of bipolarity. On the outer and better illuminated parts of the panel, photophilic plants are placed, and on the inner and lower layers of the structure, shade-loving plants.

Example III

[0161] The panel-modular system of the layered wall for shaping spatial structures according to the invention contains modules, each of which is a combination of a layered, horizontal arrangement of panels, placed no more than three on a frame made of a closed profile with a rectangular cross-section, together with placed on them vegetating plants on the substrate layer. The frames of the modules are joined together in such a way that they form the arched-barrel together with applied vertical silos filled with the substrate, joining individual panels and horizontal layers, creating layered “green” wall structures with a horizontal arrangement of layers in six variants as self-supporting structures.

[0162] The panels are selected in such a way that the system elements consist of 2 whole panels, 4 half panels. In addition, the system consists of cooperating with panels, panel joining strips, panel docking strips, cantilevers with a fixed deflection angle or variable deflection angle within the structure in the range of 10 to 90 degrees, the lock of panel cantilevers, two types of module frames, flat and bent in the middle part in the range of 0 to 25 degrees in the shape of a rhombus and rectangle and frames resulting from the division, frame couplers, silos with an inclination angle from 30 to 90 degrees, as well as panel bands.

[0163] The panels, which are not enclosed by bands, appear exclusively as devoid of plants, with a full or transparent filling, and they are therefore mounted on the module frame in a closer sequence of distances between the panel planes.

[0164] The frames of modules are joined by means of couplers, made in particular of thick, profiled metal sheet, bent into a “u” shape with two welded threaded pins located in the inner part of the clamp. Holes in which threaded pins of the clamp joining both frames enter are placed on the perimeter of the whole frame at regular intervals. On the opposite side of the hole into which the pin enters there is a mounting hole for a socket wrench and a self-locking nut which is bolted onto the pin. The mounting hole is located on the outer side of the structure where cantilevers and panels are mounted on the frames. Flat frames are joined by means of couplers where threaded pins are placed parallel next to each other inside the coupler of channel section shape FIG. 35A.

[0165] In addition, as a separate arrangement the system according to the invention comprises the irrigation system for plants, and the substrate for plants and the method of planting them are selected within the structure according to a bipolar key.

[0166] The arched-barrel load-bearing plane on which the panels of the system are mounted according to the invention is formed by the bent module frames of rhombus shape or halves and quarters of a rhombus, which are joined sideways diagonally together with couplers with angles in the range of 25 to 90 degrees and in the shape of a rectangle and a square, bent symmetrically in the middle part at an angle in the range of 0 to 25 degrees, they are joined sideways diagonally or with a shift by means of couplers and form together the arched-barrel load-bearing frame of the layered wall, on which the panels are mounted filled with the substrate with plants, joined by vertical silos, and/or the panels with a transparent or 100% opaque filling, which are combined together in layers directed perpendicularly to the arch of the structure and horizontally to the ground supported by cantilevers with a supporting angle in the range of 10 to 90 degrees, which form the arched-barrel structure of the layered wall.

[0167] On the elements of the vertical trellises of rectangular frames and frames in the shapes resulting from their division by ½, ¼, ⅛ there are mounting holes for cantilevers, at regular intervals from the top to the bottom of the frame, which correspond to the spacing of mounting hooks for cantilevers supporting panels in 6 types of layered wall structures, thus the distances between the created planes of layers of panels can be freely adjusted within these structures.

[0168] A characteristic feature of the arched-barrel flat layered wall structure is a much greater exposure of the whole panel surfaces to light and rainwater because the panel fronts, depending on the plane of the arch, are distancing from each other and do not remain in one plane as in the flat vertical, cylindrical or flat sloping layered wall.

[0169] Each panel consists of the base and bands, keeping the moist substrate with plants inside the panel. The height of the bands is normally ¼ of the panel depth when the panels are mounted on three levels on the module frame and up to ⅓ of the panel depth when using a double or single panel on the module frame. The bottom and bands of the panel are lined with an insulating layer of polystyrene and insulating foil in particular, which are covered with a layer of expanded clay and the substrate with plants. The bands are placed in the guide bar bolted to the edge of the panel, encircling each whole panel around except for parts of both its sides along the panel width, and “truncated” on the sides at a 90 degrees angle to the plane of the module frame, by which they butt the adjacent panels on both sides at more than ⅓ of the depth of each panel. In this way, they form a horizontal layer, stretching along the layered wall structure. The half panels are joined sideways on one side at ⅓ of the panel depth and on the other side for the whole panel depth. Each panel, joining the adjacent panels, creates a long level, stretching along the whole layered wall structure. The layer of the substrate can be thick in the range of 15 to 35 cm.

[0170] The silos joining the layers are fully filled on three sides, while their front is covered with a fine weave mesh. The silos have an inclination angle of 30 to 90 degrees as seen in a side view of the structure, and panels with a hole for the silo together with the silo located there are placed every third whole panel without a hole, within a given layer made of panels. The silos have holes for combs made of rods which are put from three sides at fixed distances at the height of the silo.

[0171] The irrigation system is installed in all the module panels forming together layers and the panel-modular system. On each layer there is a separate controller that doses the amount of water due to the requirements of the plants placed there. The irrigation system is connected to a continuous water supply or to a replenished tank with a pump which guarantees a continuous water supply to the irrigation system. The water supply varies depending on the season of the year, needs and type of plants, e.g. shade-loving or photophilic plants, spatial and climatic location of the structure. Rainwater is obtained by means of an appropriate scale of panel planes and configuration of layers, and through vertical silos it is distributed within the joint system of the layer wall, which, in the case of regular rainfall, may result in periodic shutdown of the irrigation system.

[0172] On the layered wall created with the help of the system according to the invention, plants are placed according to the principle of bipolarity. On the outer and better illuminated parts of the panel, photophilic plants are placed, and on the inner and lower layers of the structure, shade-loving plants.

Example IV

[0173] The panel-modular system of the layered wall for shaping spatial structures according to the invention contains modules, each of which is a combination of a layered, horizontal arrangement of panels, placed no more than three on a frame made of a closed profile with a rectangular cross-section, together with placed on them vegetating plants on the substrate layer. The frames of the modules are joined together in such a way that they form the spherical load-bearing frame together with applied vertical silos filled with the substrate, joining individual panels and horizontal layers, creating layered “green” wall structures with a horizontal arrangement of layers in six variants as self-supporting structures.

[0174] The panels are selected in such a way that the system elements consist of 2 whole panels, 4 half panels. In addition, the system consists of cooperating with panels, panel joining strips, panel docking strips, cantilevers with a fixed deflection angle or variable deflection angle within the structure in the range of 10 to 90 degrees, the lock of panel cantilevers, two types of module frames, flat and bent in the middle part in the range of 0 to 25 degrees in the shape of a rhombus and rectangle and frames resulting from the division, frame couplers, silos with an inclination angle from 30 to 90 degrees, as well as panel bands.

[0175] The panels, which are not enclosed by bands, appear exclusively as devoid of plants, with a full or transparent filling, and they are therefore mounted on the module frame in a closer sequence of distances between the panel planes.

[0176] The frames of modules are joined by means of couplers, made in particular of thick, profiled metal sheet, bent into a “u” shape with two welded threaded pins located in the inner part of the clamp. Holes in which threaded pins of the clamp joining both frames enter are placed on the perimeter of the whole frame at regular intervals. On the opposite side of the hole into which the pin enters there is a mounting hole for a socket wrench and a self-locking nut which is bolted onto the pin. The mounting hole is located on the outer side of the structure where cantilevers and panels are mounted on the frames. The frames forming cylindrical (vertical and sloping) structures and spherical structures are joined by means of couplers bent in the middle at an angle in the range of 0 to 25 degrees according to the applied deflection of the frames of trapeziums or rhombuses FIG. 35B.

[0177] In addition, as a separate arrangement the system according to the invention comprises the irrigation system for plants, and the substrate for plants and the method of planting them are selected within the structure according to a bipolar key.

[0178] The spherical load-bearing plane on which the panels of the system are mounted according to the invention is formed by the module frames in the shape of a trapezium or a rhombus which are bent symmetrically in the middle part at an angle in the range of 0 to 25 and are joined sideways by means of couplers, creating together self-supporting spatial spherical construction of the layered wall, on which the panels are mounted filled with the substrate with plants, joined by vertical silos, and/or the panels with a transparent or 100% opaque filling, which are combined together in layers directed perpendicularly to the arch of the structure and horizontally to the ground supported by cantilevers with a supporting angle in the range of 10 to 90 degrees, which form the spherical structure of the layered wall.

[0179] On the elements of the vertical trellises of rectangular frames and frames in the shapes resulting from their division by ½, ¼, ⅛ there are mounting holes for cantilevers, at regular intervals from the top to the bottom of the frame, which correspond to the spacing of mounting hooks for cantilevers supporting panels in 4 types of layered wall structures, thus the distances between the created planes of layers of panels can be freely adjusted within these structures. Within the structures of the front of the panels, starting from the layer of panels placed closest to the ground up to the top one, the panels are in one plane, while surfaces of the horizontal cross-sections of the panels do not coincide with each other in a top view, but pass each other.

[0180] Each panel consists of the base and bands, keeping the moist substrate with plants inside the panel. The height of the bands is normally ¼ of the panel depth when the panels are mounted on three levels on the module frame and up to ⅓ of the panel depth when using a double or single panel on the module frame. The bottom and bands of the panel are lined with an insulating layer of polystyrene and insulating foil in particular, which are covered with a layer of expanded clay and the substrate with plants. The bands are placed in the guide bar bolted to the edge of the panel, encircling each whole panel around except for parts of both its sides along the panel width, and “truncated” on the sides at a 90 degrees angle to the plane of the module frame, by which they butt the adjacent panels on both sides at more than ⅓ of the depth of each panel. In this way, they form a horizontal layer, stretching along the layered wall structure. The half panels are joined sideways on one side at ⅓ of the panel depth and on the other side for the whole panel depth. Each panel, joining the adjacent panels, creates a long level, stretching along the whole layered wall structure.

[0181] The layer of the substrate is thick in the range of 15 to 35 cm.

[0182] The silos joining the layers are fully filled on three sides, while their front is covered with a fine weave mesh. The silos have an inclination angle of 30 to 90 degrees as seen in a side view of the structure, and panels with a hole for the silo together with the silo located there are placed every third whole panel without a hole, within a given layer made of panels. The silos have holes for combs made of rods which are put from three sides at fixed distances at the height of the silo.

[0183] The irrigation system is installed in all the module panels forming together layers and the panel-modular system. On each layer there is a separate controller that doses the amount of water due to the requirements of the plants placed there. The irrigation system is connected to a continuous water supply or to a replenished tank with a pump which guarantees a continuous water supply to the irrigation system. The water supply varies depending on the season of the year, needs and type of plants, e.g. shade-loving or photophilic plants, spatial and climatic location of the structure. Rainwater is obtained by means of an appropriate scale of panel planes and configuration of layers, and through vertical silos it is distributed within the joint system of the layer wall, which, in the case of regular rainfall, may result in periodic shutdown of the irrigation system.

[0184] On the layered wall created with the help of the system according to the invention, plants are placed according to the principle of bipolarity. On the outer and better illuminated parts of the panel, photophilic plants are placed, and on the inner and lower layers of the structure, shade-loving plants.

[0185] A characteristic feature of the spherical layered wall structure is a much greater exposure of the whole panel surfaces to light and rainwater because the panel fronts, depending on the plane of the arch, are distancing from each other and do not remain in one plane as in the flat vertical, cylindrical or flat sloping layered wall.

Example V

[0186] The panel-modular system of the layered wall for shaping spatial structures according to the invention contains modules, each of which is a combination of a layered, horizontal arrangement of panels, placed no more than three on a frame made of a closed profile with a rectangular cross-section, together with placed on them vegetating plants on the substrate layer. The frames of the modules are joined together in such a way that they form the flat vertical, flat sloping, arched-barrel, spherical, cylindrical and sloping cylindrical load-bearing frame together with applied vertical silos filled with the substrate, joining individual panels and horizontal layers, creating layered “green” wall structures with a horizontal arrangement of layers in six variants as self-supporting structures.

[0187] The panels are selected in such a way that the system elements consist of 2 whole panels, 4 half panels. In addition, the system consists of cooperating with panels, panel joining strips, panel docking strips, cantilevers with a fixed deflection angle or variable deflection angle within the structure in the range of 10 to 90 degrees, the lock of panel cantilevers, two types of module frames, flat and bent in the middle part in the range of 0 to 25 degrees in the shape of a rhombus and rectangle and frames resulting from the division, frame couplers, silos with an inclination angle from 30 to 90 degrees, as well as preferably panel bands.

[0188] The panels, which are not enclosed by bands, appear exclusively as devoid of plants, with a full or transparent filling, and they are therefore mounted on the module frame in a closer sequence of distances between the panel planes. In addition, as a separate arrangement the system according to the invention comprises the irrigation system for plants, and the substrate for plants and the method of planting them are selected within the structure according to a bipolar key.

[0189] The frames of modules are joined by means of couplers, made in particular of thick, profiled metal sheet, bent into a “u” shape with two welded threaded pins located in the inner part of the clamp. Holes in which threaded pins of the clamp joining both frames enter are placed on the perimeter of the whole frame at regular intervals. On the opposite side of the hole into which the pin enters there is a mounting hole for a socket wrench and a self-locking nut which is bolted onto the pin. The mounting hole is located on the outer side of the structure where cantilevers and panels are mounted on the frames. The frames forming cylindrical (vertical and sloping) structures are joined by means of couplers bent in the middle at an angle in the range of 0 to 25 degrees according to the applied deflection of the frames of trapeziums or rhombuses FIG. 35B.

[0190] The cylindrical load-bearing plane on which the panels of the system are mounted according to the invention is formed by the flat or bent vertically module frames in the shape of a rhombus or halves and quarters of a rhombus, which are joined sideways diagonally or in the shape of a rectangle and the frames constituting a half of its shape, which are joined sideways by means of couplers, and on which the panels are mounted filled with the substrate with plants, joined by vertical silos, and/or the panels with a transparent or 100% opaque filling, which are combined together in layers by means of cantilevers with a supporting angle of 90 degrees, which as a whole are mounted vertically to the ground and form the cylindrical structure of the layered wall.

[0191] On the elements of the vertical trellises of rectangular frames and frames in the shapes resulting from their division by ½, ¼, ⅛ there are mounting holes for cantilevers, at regular intervals from the top to the bottom of the frame, which correspond to the spacing of mounting hooks for cantilevers supporting panels in 6 types of layered wall structures, thus the distances between the created planes of layers of panels can be freely adjusted within these structures.

[0192] Within the structures of the front of the panels, in the case of a flat plane, starting from the layer of panels placed closest to the ground up to the top one, the panels are in one plane, while surfaces of the horizontal cross-sections of the panels do not coincide with each other in a top view, but pass each other.

[0193] Each panel consists of the base and bands, keeping the moist substrate with plants inside the panel. The height of the bands is normally ¼ of the panel depth when the panels are mounted on three levels on the module frame and up to ⅓ of the panel depth when using a double or single panel on the module frame. The bottom and bands of the panel are lined with an insulating layer of polystyrene and insulating foil in particular, which are covered with a layer of expanded clay and the substrate with plants. The bands are placed in the guide bar bolted to the edge of the panel, encircling each whole panel around except for parts of both its sides along the panel width, and “truncated” on the sides at a 90 degrees angle to the plane of the module frame, by which they butt the adjacent panels on both sides at more than ⅓ of the depth of each panel. In this way, they form a horizontal layer, stretching along the layered wall structure. The half panels are joined sideways on one side at ⅓ of the panel depth and on the other side for the whole panel depth. Each panel, joining the adjacent panels, creates a long level, stretching along the whole layered wall structure.

[0194] The layer of the substrate is thick in the range of 15 to 35 cm.

[0195] The silos joining the layers are fully filled on three sides, while their front is covered with a fine weave mesh. The silos have an inclination angle of 30 to 90 degrees as seen in a side view of the structure, and panels with a hole for the silo together with the silo located there are placed every third whole panel without a hole, within a given layer made of panels. The silos have holes for combs made of rods which are put from three sides at fixed distances at the height of the silo.

[0196] The irrigation system is installed in all the module panels forming together layers and the panel-modular system. On each layer there is a separate controller that doses the amount of water due to the requirements of the plants placed there. The irrigation system is connected to a continuous water supply or to a replenished tank with a pump which guarantees a continuous water supply to the irrigation system. The water supply varies depending on the season of the year, needs and type of plants, e.g. shade-loving or photophilic plants, spatial and climatic location of the structure. Rainwater is obtained by means of an appropriate scale of panel planes and configuration of layers, and through vertical silos it is distributed within the joint system of the layer wall, which, in the case of regular rainfall, may result in periodic shutdown of the irrigation system.

[0197] On the layered wall created with the help of the system according to the invention, plants are placed according to the principle of bipolarity. On the outer and better illuminated parts of the panel, photophilic plants are placed, and on the inner and lower layers of the structure, shade-loving plants.

Example VI

[0198] The panel-modular system of the layered wall for shaping spatial structures according to the invention contains modules, each of which is a combination of a layered, horizontal arrangement of panels, placed no more than three on a frame made of a closed profile with a rectangular cross-section, together with placed on them vegetating plants on the substrate layer. The frames of the modules are joined together in such a way that they form the flat vertical, flat sloping, arched-barrel, spherical, cylindrical and sloping cylindrical load-bearing frame together with applied vertical silos filled with the substrate, joining individual panels and horizontal layers, creating layered “green” wall structures with a horizontal arrangement of layers in six variants as self-supporting structures.

[0199] The panels are selected in such a way that the system elements consist of 2 whole panels, 4 half panels. In addition, the system consists of cooperating with panels, panel joining strips, panel docking strips, cantilevers with a fixed deflection angle or variable deflection angle within the structure in the range of 10 to 90 degrees, the lock of panel cantilevers, two types of module frames, flat and bent in the middle part in the range of 0 to 25 degrees in the shape of a rhombus and rectangle and frames resulting from the division, frame couplers, silos with an inclination angle from 30 to 90 degrees, as well as preferably panel bands.

[0200] The panels, which are not enclosed by bands, appear exclusively as devoid of plants, with a full or transparent filling, and they are therefore mounted on the module frame in a closer sequence of distances between the panel planes.

[0201] Each panel consists of the base and bands, keeping the moist substrate with plants inside the panel. The height of the bands is normally ¼ of the panel depth when the panels are mounted on three levels on the module frame and up to ⅓ of the panel depth when using a double or single panel on the module frame. The bottom and bands of the panel are lined with an insulating layer of polystyrene and insulating foil in particular, which are covered with the layer of expanded clay and substrate with plants. The bands, placed in the guide bar screwed to the edge of the panel, encircle each whole panel around, except for parts of its both sides along the panel width, and “truncated” on the sides at an angle of 90 degrees to the plane of the module frame, by which they butt the adjacent panels on both sides at more than ⅓ of the depth of each panel. In this way, they form a horizontal layer, stretching along the layered wall structure. The half panels are joined sideways on one side at ⅓ of the panel depth and on the other side along the entire panel depth. Each panel, by connecting to the adjacent panels, creates a long level, stretching along the entire layered wall structure.

[0202] In addition, as a separate arrangement the system according to the invention comprises the irrigation system for plants, and the substrate for plants and the method of planting them are selected within the structure according to a bipolar key.

[0203] The sloping cylindrical load-bearing plane on which the panels of the system are mounted according to the invention is formed by the flat module frames in the shape of a rectangle and a trapezium which are joined sideways by means of couplers, on which spatial plane are mounted the panels filled with the substrate with plants, joined by vertical silos, and/or with the panels with a transparent or 100% opaque filling, which are combined together in layers by means of cantilevers with a supporting angle in the range of 10 to 90 degrees, which as a whole is mounted diagonally to the ground and form the sloping cylindrical structure of the layered wall.

[0204] On the elements of the vertical trellises of rectangular frames and frames in the shapes resulting from their division by ½, ¼, ⅛ there are mounting holes for cantilevers, at regular intervals from the top to the bottom of the frame, which correspond to the spacing of mounting hooks for cantilevers supporting panels in 4 types of layered wall structures, thus the distances between the created planes of layers of panels can be freely adjusted within these structures. A set of frames used in the sloping cylindrical structure has a variable angle Beta for the structure with a given inclination angle with a minimum of 5 frames per quarter of a circle or ellipse which is the base of the cylinder.

[0205] The frames of modules are joined by means of couplers, made in particular of thick, profiled metal sheet, bent into a “u” shape with two welded threaded pins located in the inner part of the clamp. Holes in which threaded pins of the clamp joining both frames enter are placed on the perimeter of the whole frame at regular intervals. On the opposite side of the hole into which the pin enters there is a mounting hole for a socket wrench and a self-locking nut which is bolted onto the pin. The mounting hole is located on the outer side of the structure where cantilevers and panels are mounted on the frames. The frames forming spherical or cylindrical (vertical and sloping) structures are joined by means of couplers bent in the middle at an angle in the range of 0 to 25 degrees according to the applied deflection of the frames of trapeziums or rhombuses FIG. 35B.

[0206] Each panel consists of the base and bands, keeping the moist substrate with plants inside the panel. The height of the bands is normally ¼ of the panel depth when the panels are mounted on three levels on the module frame and up to ⅓ of the panel depth when using a double or single panel on the module frame. The bottom and bands of the panel are lined with an insulating layer of polystyrene and insulating foil in particular, which are covered with a layer of expanded clay and the substrate with plants. The bands are placed in the guide bar bolted to the edge of the panel, encircling each whole panel around except for parts of both its sides along the panel width, and “truncated” on the sides at a 90 degrees angle to the plane of the module frame, by which they butt the adjacent panels on both sides at more than ⅓ of the depth of each panel. In this way, they form a horizontal layer, stretching along the layered wall structure. The half panels are joined sideways on one side at ⅓ of the panel depth and on the other side for the whole panel depth. Each panel, joining the adjacent panels, creates a long level, stretching along the whole layered wall structure.

[0207] Within the structures of the front of the panels, starting from the layer of panels placed closest to the ground up to the top one, the panels are in one plane, while surfaces of the horizontal cross-sections of the panels do not coincide with each other in a top view, but pass each other.

[0208] A characteristic feature of the sloping cylindrical layered wall structure is a much greater exposure of the whole panel surfaces to light and rainwater because the panel fronts, depending on the plane of the arch, are distancing from each other and do not remain in one plane as in the flat vertical, cylindrical layered wall.

[0209] The joining gap between whole, half or complementary panels is filled with a joining strip equipped with expansion joints located on both sides of the strip and is placed by pressing between the edges of the panels. The layer of the substrate is thick in the range of 15 to 35 cm.

[0210] The silos joining the layers are fully filled on three sides, while their front is covered with a fine weave mesh. The silos have an inclination angle of 30 to 90 degrees as seen in a side view of the structure, and panels with a hole for the silo together with the silo located there are placed every third whole panel without a hole, within a given layer made of panels. The silos have holes for combs made of rods which are put from three sides at fixed distances at the height of the silo.

[0211] The irrigation system is installed in all the module panels forming together layers and the panel-modular system. On each layer there is a separate controller that doses the amount of water due to the requirements of the plants placed there. The irrigation system is connected to a continuous water supply or to a replenished tank with a pump which guarantees a continuous water supply to the irrigation system. The water supply varies depending on the season of the year, needs and type of plants, e.g. shade-loving or photophilic plants, spatial and climatic location of the structure. Rainwater is obtained by means of an appropriate scale of panel planes and configuration of layers, and through vertical silos it is distributed within the joint system of the layer wall, which, in the case of regular rainfall, may result in periodic shutdown of the irrigation system.

[0212] On the layered wall created with the help of the system according to the invention, plants are placed according to the principle of bipolarity. On the outer and better illuminated parts of the panel, photophilic plants are placed, and on the inner and lower layers of the structure, shade-loving plants.