RADIATION-RESISTANT INORGANIC MATERIAL AND FIBER THEREOF

Abstract

An inorganic material including SiO.sub.2, Al.sub.2O.sub.3, CaO, and Fe.sub.2O.sub.3 as components, in which the mass percentages of the components in terms of oxide in the inorganic material are set as follows: i) the total content of SiO.sub.2 and Al.sub.2O.sub.3 is from 40% by mass to 70% by mass; ii) the ratio Al.sub.2O.sub.3/(SiO.sub.2+Al.sub.2O.sub.3) (mass ratio) is in the range of 0.15 to 0.40; iii) the content of Fe.sub.2O.sub.3 is from 16% by mass to 25% by mass; and iv) the content of CaO is from 5% by mass to 30% by mass, can be produced as an inorganic material having excellent melt spinnability and excellent radiation resistance.

Claims

1. An inorganic material having radiation resistance, the inorganic material comprising SiO.sub.2, Al.sub.2O.sub.3, CaO, and Fe.sub.2O.sub.3 as components, wherein the mass percentages of the components in terms of oxide in the inorganic material are as follows: i) the total content of SiO.sub.2 and Al.sub.2O.sub.3 is from 40% by mass to 70% by mass; ii) the ratio Al.sub.2O.sub.3/(SiO.sub.2+Al.sub.2O.sub.3) (mass ratio) is in the range of 0.15 to 0.40; iii) the content of Fe.sub.2O.sub.3 is from 16% by mass to 25% by mass; and iv) the content of CaO is from 5% by mass to 30% by mass.

2. The inorganic material according to claim 1, wherein the inorganic material is intended for a part to be irradiated with radiation.

3. A fiber comprising the inorganic material according to claim 1.

4. A fiber-reinforced composite material reinforced with the fiber according to claim 3.

5. The fiber-reinforced composite material according to claim 4, wherein the fiber-reinforced composite material is a fiber-reinforced resin.

6. The fiber-reinforced composite material according to claim 4, wherein the fiber-reinforced composite material is a fiber-reinforced cement.

7. A method for producing an inorganic fiber having radiation resistance, the method comprising melt-spinning a mixture of a silica source, an alumina source, a calcium oxide source, and an iron oxide source, wherein the mass percentages of SiO.sub.2, Al.sub.2O.sub.3, CaO, and Fe.sub.2O.sub.3 in terms of oxide in the mixture are as follows: i) the total content of SiO.sub.2 and Al.sub.2O.sub.3 is from 40% by mass to 70% by mass; ii) the ratio Al.sub.2O.sub.3/(SiO.sub.2+Al.sub.2O.sub.3) (mass ratio) is in the range of 0.15 to 0.40; iii) the content of Fe.sub.2O.sub.3 is from 16% by mass to 25% by mass; and iv) the content of CaO is from 5% by mass to 30% by mass.

8. The method for producing an inorganic fiber according to claim 7, wherein the inorganic fiber is used for a part to be irradiated with radiation.

9. The method for producing an inorganic fiber according to claim 7, wherein fly ash is used as the silica source or the alumina source.

10. The method for producing an inorganic fiber according to claim 9, wherein the iron oxide source is copper slag.

11. The method for producing an inorganic fiber according to claim 10, wherein the calcium oxide source is iron and steel slag.

12. The method for producing an inorganic fiber according to claim 7, wherein the silica source or the alumina source is basalt or andesite.

13. The method for producing an inorganic material according to claim 12, wherein the iron oxide source is copper slag.

14. The method for producing an inorganic material according to claim 13, wherein the calcium oxide source is iron and steel slag.

15. A part to be irradiated with radiation, the part comprising the inorganic material including SiO.sub.2, Al.sub.2O.sub.3, CaO, and Fe.sub.2O.sub.3 as components, wherein the mass percentages of the components in terms of oxide in the inorganic material are as follows: i) the total content of SiO.sub.2 and Al.sub.2O.sub.3 is from 40% by mass to 70% by mass; ii) the ratio Al.sub.2O.sub.3/(SiO.sub.2+Al.sub.2O.sub.3) (mass ratio) is in the range of 0.15 to 0.40; iii) the content of Fe.sub.2O.sub.3 is from 16% by mass to 25% by mass; and iv) the content of CaO is from 5% by mass to 30% by mass.

16. The according to claim 15, wherein the part to be irradiated with radiation is any one of the following: a) a nuclear reactor building, a nuclear reactor containment vessel, piping inside a nuclear reactor facility, and a decommissioning robot; b) a space station building, a space station, an artificial satellite, a planetary exploration satellite, and a space suit; and c) medical devices utilizing particle beams.

17. A method for suppressing radiation-induced deterioration of a fiber-reinforced composite material constituting a part to be irradiated with radiation, wherein an inorganic fiber including SiO.sub.2, Al.sub.2O.sub.3, CaO, and Fe.sub.2O.sub.3 as components is used as the fiber, and the mass percentages of the components in terms of oxide in the inorganic material are as follows: i) the total content of SiO.sub.2 and Al.sub.2O.sub.3 is from 40% by mass to 70% by mass; ii) the ratio Al.sub.2O.sub.3/(SiO.sub.2+Al.sub.2O.sub.3) (mass ratio) is in the range of 0.15 to 0.40; iii) the content of Fe.sub.2O.sub.3 is from 16% by mass to 25% by mass; and iv) the content of CaO is from 5% by mass to 30% by mass.

18. The inorganic material according to claim 1, wherein the content of CaO is from 5% by mass to 25% by mass.

19. The fiber according to claim 3, wherein the content of CaO is from 5% by mass to 25% by mass.

20. The method for producing an inorganic fiber according to claim 7, wherein the content of CaO is from 5% by mass to 25% by mass.

21. The part according to claim 15, wherein the content of CaO is from 5% by mass to 25% by mass.

22. The method for suppressing radiation-induced deterioration according to claim 17, wherein the content of CaO is from 5% by mass to 25% by mass.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0058] FIG. 1 is a schematic explanatory diagram showing a summary of an evaluation test for melt spinnability of an inorganic material of the present invention, together with a magnified view of a melt-spun fiber;

[0059] FIG. 2 shows XRD patterns respectively obtained before and after irradiation of a melt-spun fiber of an inorganic material of Example 1 with radiation;

[0060] FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the relationship between the iron oxide content in an inorganic material and radiation resistance;

[0061] FIG. 4 is a diagram showing various examples of XRD patterns of inorganic fibers of certain of the Examples and Comparative Examples; and

[0062] FIG. 5 is a diagram showing various examples of a DTA curve obtained by differential thermal analysis of the inorganic fibers of certain of the Examples and Comparative Examples.

MODE(S) FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

[0063] In the following description, the contents of the present invention will be specifically described by way of Test Examples.

[0064] In the following Test Examples (Examples and Comparative Examples), the following were used as the silica source, alumina source, silica alumina source, iron oxide source, and calcium oxide source.

[0065] <Silica Source> [0066] Silicon dioxide: Reagent (will be described as SiO.sub.2 (reagent) in the following Tables 6 to 9)

[0067] <Alumina Source> [0068] Aluminum oxide: Reagent (will be described as Al.sub.2O.sub.3 (reagent) in the following Tables 6 to 9)

[0069] <Iron Oxide Source> [0070] Iron(III) oxide: Reagent (will be described as Fe.sub.2O.sub.3 (reagent) in the following Tables 6 to 9) [0071] Copper slag: Copper slag produced at a copper smelter in Japan (will be described as FA(10) in the following Table 3)

[0072] <Calcium Oxide Source> [0073] Calcium oxide: Reagent (will be described as CaO (reagent) in the following Tables 6 to 9) [0074] Blast furnace slag: Blast furnace slag produced at an ironworks in Japan (will be described as FA(13) in the following Table 3) [0075] Reducing slag: Reducing slag produced at an ironworks in Japan (will be described as FA(14) in the following Table 3)

[0076] <Silica Alumina Source> [0077] Fly ash: 12 types of samples discharged from thermal power plants in Japan (will be described as FA(1) to FA(9) and FA(12) in the following Tables 2 and 3) [0078] Coal gasification slag: A sample discharged from an integrated coal gasification combined cycle plant in Japan (will be described as FA(11) in the following Table 3) [0079] Volcanic rocks: Basalt-based rocks having specifically large iron oxide contents, collected in Akita Prefecture and Fukui Prefecture (will be described as BA(1) and BA(2) in the following Table 4)

[0080] The compositions of the above-described FA(1) to FA(14), BA(1), and BA(2) are shown in Tables 2, 3, and 4. The component analysis was based on a fluorescence X-ray analysis method.

TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 <Fly ash composition, unit: % by mass> Component FA (1) FA (2) FA (3) FA (4) FA (5) FA (6) Fe.sub.2O.sub.3 [F] 10 5 5 9 10 14 SiO.sub.2 [S] 53 61 57 72 51 59 Al.sub.2O.sub.3 [A] 13 25 18 11 18 25 CaO [C] 17 0 3 3 12 1 Others 7 9 17 5 9 1

TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 <Fly ash, slag compositions, unit: % by mass> Component FA (7) FA (8) FA (9) FA (10) FA (11) FA (12) FA (13) FA (14) Fe.sub.2O.sub.3 [F] 9 13 15 55 9 1 0 1 SiO.sub.2 [S] 62 60 59 35 54 73 34 19 Al.sub.2O.sub.3 [A] 18 15 15 5 11 22 13 17 CaO [C] 3 5 3 2 17 0 42 55 Others 8 7 8 3 9 4 11 8 Remarks Copper Coal Blast Reducing slag gasification furnace slag slag slag

TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 <Volcanic rock composition, unit: % by mass> Component BA(1) BA(2) Fe.sub.2O.sub.3 [F] 19 18 SiO.sub.2 [S] 46 25 A1.sub.2O.sub.3 [A] 11 10 CaO [C] 17 3 Others 7 44

[0081] <Preparation of Powdered Raw Materials>

[0082] In the following Test Example, each of the silica source, alumina source, iron oxide source, and calcium source is finely pulverized, the sources are mixed such that SiO.sub.2, Al.sub.2O.sub.3, Fe.sub.2O.sub.3 and CaO are included at predetermined proportions, and the mixture is used for the test.

[0083] <Evaluation of Melt Spinnability>

[0084] Furthermore, the evaluation of melt spinnability of the formulation is based on a melt spinning test using an electric furnace. An outline of the test is shown in FIG. 1. In FIG. 1, an electric furnace (1) has a height (H) of 60 cm and an outer diameter (D) of 50 cm and comprises an opening (4) having a diameter (d) of 10 cm at the center. On the other hand, 30 g of the formulation is introduced into a Tammann tube (2) having an inner diameter (4)) of 2.1 cm and a length of 10 cm. At the center of the bottom of the Tammann tube (2), a hole having a diameter of 2 mm is opened. During a melting test, the Tammann tube (2) is retained at a predetermined position in the opening (4) of the electric furnace using a hanging rod (3).

[0085] When the formulation is melted by heating, the formulation flows and drops from the bottom of the Tammann tube due to its own weight and is solidified upon coming into contact with outside air to become a fiber.

[0086] The electric furnace is heated by a predetermined temperature increase program, and the highest attainable temperature inside the furnace is set to 1350° C. At this time, it has been confirmed in advance that the temperature inside the Tammann tube (molten product) conforms to a temperature lower by almost 50° C. than the temperature inside the furnace.

[0087] In the present invention, as an indicator for evaluating melt spinnability, the state in which the molten product flows and drops to form a thread until the temperature inside the furnace reaches 1350° C., that is, the state in which the melting temperature of the sample is 1300° C. or lower, and the molten product has a melt viscosity appropriate for forming a thread, was considered an acceptable level. The melt behavior of the samples is roughly classified into the following groups represented by A to D.

[0088] <Evaluation Ranking>

[0089] A: A thread is formed.

[0090] B: The molten and softened sample just appears from the bottom of the Tammann tube; however, the viscosity is so high that the sample does not drop by its own weight alone, and a thread is not formed.

[0091] C: Because melting of the sample is not initiated, or melting occurs insufficiently, nothing comes out from the bottom of the Tammann tube.

[0092] D: Although the sample melts, the melt viscosity of the molten product is too low, the sample becomes liquid droplets and just drips, and a thread is not formed.

[0093] <Heat Resistance Test>

[0094] An inorganic fiber formed from the material of the present invention is excellent in terms of heat resistance. For the evaluation of heat resistance, a differential thermal analysis (DTA) was performed.

[0095] [Tentative Experiment]

[0096] A silica source, an alumina source, an iron oxide source, and a calcium oxide source were appropriately formulated, and then four kinds of samples having different contents of SiO.sub.2, Al.sub.2O.sub.3, Fe.sub.2O.sub.3, and CaO were prepared and used for a melt spinning test. Samples 3 and 4 satisfied all of the requirements of the present invention described previously; however, samples 1 and 2 do not satisfy the requirement iii) related to the Fe.sub.2O.sub.3 content (Table 5).

[0097] All of the samples exhibited satisfactory melt spinnability. The obtained fiber samples were subjected to a radiation exposure test using cobalt 60 as a radiation source under the conditions of a gamma ray irradiation dose of 50 kGy, the tensile strengths before and after irradiation were measured, and the retention rate was determined.

[0098] The results are shown in Table 5. FIG. 3 is a graph obtained by plotting the relationship between the iron oxide (Fe.sub.2O.sub.3) content in a sample and the fiber strength retention rate after radiation exposure. From this, it is clear that when the iron oxide (Fe.sub.2O.sub.3) content in the material is 15% or more, the retention rate of the tensile strength after radiation exposure becomes noticeably high.

TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 5 Component in sample Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3 Sample 4 Fe.sub.2O.sub.3 [F] 3 11 16 19 SiO.sub.2 [S] 51 52 48 42 A1.sub.2O.sub.3 [A] 12 18 12 14 CaO [C] 20 9 17 13 Others 14 10 7 12 [S] + [A] 63 70 60 56 [A]/([S] + [A]) 0.19 0.26 0.20 0.25 [F] 3 11 16 19 [C] 20 9 17 13 Retention rate (%) of fiber strength after radiation 30 58 99 99 exposure Melt spinnability A A A A

Example 1

[0099] 30 parts by mass of FA(1) and 70 parts by mass of BA(1) were formulated. The present sample has the same composition as that of sample 3 used in the above-described tentative experiment. The component ratio of the present sample is [S]+[A]: 60% by mass, [A]/([S]+[A]): 0.20, [F]: 16% by mass, and [C]: 17% by mass (Table 6).

[0100] As a result of the melt spinning test, a very fine fiber (mineral fiber) having a diameter of 50 μm or less was obtained within 5 hours after the temperature inside the furnace reached 1350° C. The obtained fiber had a strength that was not likely to cause breakage even when the fiber was pulled by hand. The present fiber sample was irradiated with radiation under the following conditions.

[0101] <High Radiation Exposure Test>

[0102] The above-described fiber sample was subjected to an ultra-high dose radiation exposure test using a nuclear reactor (thermal neutron reactor, BR2) installed at the Mol Institute in Belgium. The gamma ray irradiation dose was 5.85 GGy. This irradiation dose was comparable to the radiation dose emitted by common high-level radioactive waste in about 1000 years.

[0103] The fiber sample after radiation exposure was subjected to the following XRD analysis and Vickers hardness test, together with a fiber sample that was not irradiated with radiation.

[0104] <XRD Analysis>

[0105] XRD patterns of the fiber sample before and after radiation exposure are shown in FIG. 2 (before irradiation: left-hand side diagram, after irradiation: right-hand side diagram, the axis of ordinate represents diffraction intensity expressed in an arbitrary unit (a.u.)). Since there is a possibility that the sample after radiation exposure may emit radiation, only in that case, a dome-shaped shield cover with a limited opening was provided on the sample stand. This is the reason why the range of the measurement incident angle of the data (FIG. 2, right-hand side diagram) of the sample after radiation exposure is narrowed.

[0106] In both the XRD patterns of the fiber sample before radiation exposure and the fiber sample after radiation exposure, only an amorphous halo was observed, and a peak of the crystal phase was not recognized. That is, it was found that both the fiber sample before radiation exposure and the fiber sample after radiation exposure are substantially composed only of the amorphous phase, and the amorphousness was maintained even after radiation exposure.

[0107] <Vickers Hardness Test>

[0108] The fiber sample before radiation exposure and the fiber sample after radiation exposure were subjected to a Vickers hardness test.

[0109] The testing instruments used were a Reichert-Jung Microduromat 4000E and a Leica Telatom 3 optical microscope. Considering that the width of the fiber samples was approximately 20 μm, the force to be applied to the sample surface was set to 10 gF (0.098 N).

[0110] Measurements were performed at seventeen points in each of the samples before radiation exposure and after radiation exposure, and as a result, the Vickers hardness was 723±24 kgF/mm.sup.2 before radiation exposure, and 647±19 kgF/mm.sup.2 after radiation exposure. The Vickers hardness retention rate after irradiation was 89%, and when it is considered that the gamma ray irradiation dose was 5.85 GGy, it can be said that the retention rate has a very high value. Thus, the material has excellent radiation resistance. For comparison, the values of the retention rate (89%) obtained by the present test were plotted in FIG. 3, which was shown earlier. Although the method for measuring the strength retention rate is different, it is noteworthy that even if a sample having an iron oxide content of 16% is irradiated with an ultra-high dose of radiation, which is approximately 100,000 times the dose employed in the previously mentioned tentative experiment, the sample maintains a strength retention rate close to 90%.

Example 2

[0111] A sample was prepared at the raw material formulation ratio shown in Table 6 as Example 2. The component ratio of the present sample is such that [S]+[A]: 60% by mass, [A]/([S]+[A]): 0.25, [F]: 19% by mass, and [C]: 13% by mass (Table 6).

[0112] As a result of a melt spinning test, the sample melted and dropped within 5 hours after the temperature inside the furnace reached 1350° C., and a very fine fiber (mineral fiber) having a diameter of 50 μm or less was obtained.

[0113] Similarly to Example 1, the obtained fiber sample was substantially composed only of the amorphous phase, and even if the fiber sample was pulled by hand, the fiber sample did not easily break. Furthermore, the amorphousness is retained even after radiation exposure, and the Vickers hardness retention rate is also at the same level as in Example 1. Thus, the present material has excellent radiation resistance.

Example 3

[0114] A sample was prepared at the raw material formulation ratio shown in Table 6 as Example 3. The component ratio of the present sample is such that [S]+[A]: 56% by mass, [A]/([S]+[A]): 0.20, [F]: 18% by mass, and [C]: 25% by mass (Table 6).

[0115] As a result of a melt spinning test, the sample melted and dropped within 5 hours after the temperature inside the furnace reached 1350° C., and a very fine fiber (mineral fiber) having a diameter of 50 μm or less was obtained.

[0116] Similarly to Example 1, the obtained fiber sample was substantially composed only of the amorphous phase, and even if the fiber sample was pulled by hand, the fiber sample did not easily break. The amorphousness is retained even after radiation exposure, and the Vickers hardness retention rate is also at the same level as in Example 1. Thus, the present material has excellent radiation resistance.

Comparative Example 1 to Comparative Example 8

[0117] Samples were prepared at the raw material formulation ratios shown in Table 6 as Comparative Examples 1 to 8. None of them satisfied any one of the “four requirements of the present invention related to the composition”.

[0118] As a result, none of the samples became fibrous within 5 hours after the temperature inside the furnace reached 1350° C. (Table 6).

TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 6 Com- Com- Com- Com- Com- Com- Com- Com- Ex- Ex- Ex- parative parative parative parative parative parative parative parative ample ample ample Example Example Example Example Example Example Example Example Unit 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Raw FA (1) % by 30 — — — — — 17 — — — — material FA (2) mass — — — — — — — — 53 11 — formulation FA (3) — — — — 70 — — — — — — ratio FA (4) — — 62 — — — — 67 — — — FA (5) — 46 — — — — — — — — 40 FA (6) — — — 100 — — — — — — — BA (1) 70 46 — — — — — — — — 10 BA (2) — — — — — 100 — — — — — SiO.sub.2 — — — — — — 67 17 — 33 — (reagent) Al.sub.2O.sub.3 — 2 4 — — — — — 27 33 10 (reagent) Fe.sub.2O.sub.3 — 6 12 — 30 — 17 17 20 22 15 (reagent) CaO — — 23 — — — — — — — 25 (reagent) Com- [S] + [A] % by 60 60 56 84 53 35 78 72 73 76 43 positional mass component [A]/ Mass 0.20 0.25 0.20 0.30 0.24 0.29 0.02 0.10 0.55 0.47 0.42 ratio ([S] + [A]) ratio [F] % by 16 19 18 14 34 18 19 23 23 23 21 [C] mass 17 13 25 1 2 3 3 2 0 0 32 Evaluation Radiation Ex- Ex- Ex- Inferior item resistance cellent cellent cellent Melt A A A C C C B C C C C spinnability

Examples 4 to 11

[0119] Fly ash FA(7) was selected as the silica alumina source, reagents SiO.sub.2 (S), Al.sub.2O.sub.3 (A), Fe.sub.2O.sub.3 (F), and CaO (C) were additionally formulated as necessary so as to satisfy the “four requirements of the present invention related to the composition”, and tests were performed (Table 7, Examples 4 to 11). All the samples exhibited excellent melt spinnability. The radiation resistance was also excellent as was found in Example 1.

TABLE-US-00007 TABLE 7 Example Example Example Example Example Example Example Example Unit 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Raw material FA (7) % by 44 72 53 64 62 57 72 53 formulation FA (8) mass — — — — — — — — ratio FA (9) — — — — — — — — FA (10) — — — — — — — — FA (11) — — — — — — — — FA (12) — — — — — — — — BA (1) — — — — — — — — BA (2) — — — — — — — — SiO.sub.2 6 9 14 — 8 7 9 7 (reagent) Al.sub.2O.sub.3 — — — 5 — — — — (reagent) Fe.sub.2O.sub.3 15 12 14 13 12 18 13 11 (reagent) CaO 15 5 15 15 15 15 4 26 (reagent) Compositional [S] + [A] % by 42 68 58 58 59 54 68 50 component mass ratio [A]/ Mass 0.20 0.20 0.17 0.30 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 ([S] + [A]) ratio [F] % by 19 18 19 19 18 23 19 16 [C] mass 17 7 17 17 17 17 7 28 Evaluation Radiation Excellent Excellent Excellent Excellent Excellent Excellent Excellent Excellent item resistance Melt A A A A A A A A spinnability

[0120] Fly ash FA(7) was selected as the silica alumina source, reagents SiO.sub.2 (S), Al.sub.2O.sub.3 (A), Fe.sub.2O.sub.3 (F), and CaO (C) were additionally formulated, and tests were performed (Table 8, Comparative Examples 9 to 16). All of Comparative Examples 9 to 16 did not satisfy any one of the “four requirements of the present invention related to the composition”.

[0121] When the value of [S]+[A] is less than the lower limit of the requirement i), the viscosity of the molten product is too low, and as a result, a thread cannot be formed (Comparative Example 9). On the other hand, when the value of [S]+[A] is more than the upper limit of the requirement i), since the viscosity of the molten product is too high, the molten product does not exhibit the behavior of dropping due to gravity, which is a prerequisite for thread formation, and a thread cannot be formed (Comparative Example 10).

[0122] Even in a case where the value of [A]/([S]+[A]) is less than the lower limit of the requirement ii), the viscosity of the molten product is too low, and as a result, a thread cannot be formed (Comparative Example 11). On the other hand, even in a case where the value of [A]/([S]+[A]) is more than the upper limit of the requirement ii), since the viscosity of the molten product is too high, the molten product does not exhibit the behavior of dropping caused by gravity, which is a prerequisite for thread formation (Comparative Example 12).

[0123] As a result of the X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern, in Comparative Example 12, formation of a crystal phase was recognized, which was considered to be attributable to an Al.sub.2O.sub.3-rich phase (FIG. 4).

[0124] When the value of [F] is less than the lower limit of the requirement iii), the radiation resistance is poor (Comparative Example 13). On the other hand, when the value of [F] is more than the upper limit of the requirement iii), the viscosity of the molten product is too low, and as a result, a thread cannot be formed (Comparative Example 14).

[0125] When the value of [C] is less than the lower limit of the requirement iv), the viscosity of the molten product is too low, and as a result, a thread cannot be formed (Comparative example 15). On the other hand, when the value of [C] is more than the upper limit of the requirement iv), since the viscosity of the molten product is too high, a thread cannot be formed (Comparative Example 16).

TABLE-US-00008 TABLE 8 Com- Com- Com- Com- Com- Com- Com- Com- parative parative parative parative parative parative parative parative Example Example Example Example Example Example Example Example Unit 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Raw material FA (7) % by 40 76 32 53 66 53 74 49 formulation FA (8) mass — — — — — — — — ratio FA (9) — — — — — — — — FA (10) — — — — — — — — FA (11) — — — — — — — — FA (12) — — — — — — — — BA (1) — — — — — — — — BA (2) — — — — — — — — SiO.sub.2 5 10 19 — 9 7 10 6 (reagent) Al.sub.2O.sub.3 — — — 14 — — — — (reagent) Fe.sub.2O.sub.3 15 9 20 14 8 22 12 12 (reagent) CaO 15 3 25 15 15 15 0 30 (reagent) Compositional [S] + [A] % by 38 72 44 58 63 50 70 46 component mass ratio [A]/ Mass 0.20 0.20 0.13 0.42 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 ([S] + [A]) ratio [F] % by 19 16 23 19 14 27 19 16 [C] mass 17 5 26 17 17 17 3 32 Evaluation Radiation item resistance Inferior Melt D B D B A D B D spinnability

[0126] Next, formulations wherein most of the silica alumina source, the iron oxide source, and the calcium oxide source were composed of thermal power generation waste (fly ash and clinker ash) and metal refining waste (iron and steel slag and copper slag), or volcanic rock, which is a natural resource, were attempted (Table 9, Examples 12 to 18).

[0127] All of the formulations satisfied the “four requirements of the present invention related to the composition” and had excellent melt spinnability. The radiation resistance was also superior.

TABLE-US-00009 TABLE 9 Example Example Example Example Example Example Example Unit 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Raw material FA (7) % by — — 50 — — 30 45 formulation FA (8) mass 50 — — — — — — ratio FA (9) — 33 — — — — — FA (10) — — 30 — 40 30 25 FA (11) — — — 33 — — — FA (12) — — — — 50 — — FA (13) — — — — — 18 — FA (14) — — — — — — 10 BA (1) 50 67 7.5 67 2.5 22 20 BA (2) — — — — — — — SiO.sub.2 — — — — — — — (reagent) Al.sub.2O.sub.3 — — — — — — — (reagent) Fe.sub.2O.sub.3 — — — — — — — (reagent) CaO — — 12.5 — 7.5 — — (reagent) Compositional [S] + [A] % by 62 61 56 48 65 56 61 component mass ratio [A]/ Mass 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.19 0.21 0.21 0.22 ([S] + [A]) ratio [F] % by 16 18 22 17 23 21 22 [C] mass 14 14 16 17 9 16 11 Evaluation Radiation Excellent Excellent Excellent Excellent Excellent Excellent Excellent item resistance Melt A A A A A A A spinnability

[0128] FIG. 4 shows XRD patterns of a series of molten samples.

[0129] Samples in which the value of [A]/([S]+[A]) does not exceed the upper limit of the requirement ii) of the present invention (Comparative Example 11 and Example 6) are amorphous; however, in Comparative Example 12 in which the value is more than the upper limit of the requirement ii), formation of a crystal phase is recognized, which is considered to be attributable to an Al.sub.2O.sub.3-rich phase.

[0130] Furthermore, even if the value of [F] changed to a range near the upper limit of the requirement iii) of the present invention, the material was amorphous (Comparative Example 13, Examples 8 and 9, and Comparative Example 14).

[0131] FIG. 5 shows thermograms (DTA curves) obtained by differential thermal analysis of inorganic fibers obtained in a series of tests.

[0132] The inorganic fibers of the present invention were thermally stable up to about 800° C. (at least a temperature close to 700° C.), and the melting temperature is 1200° C. or higher.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

[0133] The inorganic material of the present invention has excellent radiation resistance and can therefore be utilized in the field of nuclear power, the field of aerospace, and the field of medicine.

[0134] When the inorganic material is used at parts to be irradiated with radiation in the facilities, instruments, and members used in these fields, radiation-induced deterioration of these parts to be irradiated with radiation can be suppressed.

[0135] Examples of the facilities, instruments, and members in the field of nuclear power include: [0136] facilities, instruments, and members for nuclear power generation; [0137] facilities, instruments, and members for mining and processing uranium ores; [0138] facilities, instruments, and members for secondary processing treatment of nuclear fuel (including conversion, concentration, reconversion, molding processing, and MOX manufacturing of the same fuel); [0139] facilities, instruments, and members for storage, treatment, and retreatment of used nuclear fuel; [0140] facilities, instruments, and members for storage, treatment, and disposal of radioactive waste; [0141] transport instruments and members for uranium ores, secondary processing products of nuclear fuel, used nuclear fuels, or radioactive waste; and [0142] other nuclear-related facilities, instruments, and members.

[0143] More specific examples of the facilities, instruments, and members for nuclear power generation include nuclear reactor buildings (including research reactors and test reactors), a nuclear reactor containment vessel, piping inside a nuclear reactor facility, and a decommissioning robot.

[0144] Examples of the facilities, instruments, and members used in the field of aerospace include a space station building, a space station, an artificial satellite, a planetary exploration satellite, and a space suit.

[0145] Examples of the facilities, instruments, and members used in the field of medicine include medical devices that utilize particle beams.

[0146] Since the inorganic material of the present invention has excellent melt spinnability, the inorganic material is suitable for inorganic fibers for a fiber-reinforced composite material. Furthermore, depending on the use application, the inorganic material can be processed into roving, chopped strands, woven fabrics, prepregs, nonwoven fabrics, and the like. Examples of a base material (material to be reinforced with fibers) of the above-described composite material include resins and cement. Known thermoplastic resins and thermosetting resins can be used as the resins.

[0147] Another example of use of the inorganic material of the present invention is the use as a material for three-dimensional printing. That is, when a kneading product of a powder of the inorganic material of the present invention as well as a wax, a resin, and other carriers is used as a material for three-dimensional printing, it is possible to produce a member having excellent radiation resistance without limitations in the shape.

[0148] The above-described use examples have been given only for the purpose of demonstrating the usefulness of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

EXPLANATIONS OF LETTERS OR NUMERALS

[0149] 1 ELECTRIC FURNACE [0150] 2 TAMMANN TUBE [0151] 3 HANGING ROD [0152] 4 OPENING [0153] 5 FIBER [0154] D OUTER DIAMETER OF ELECTRIC FURNACE [0155] H HEIGHT OF ELECTRIC FURNACE [0156] d OPENING DIAMETER OF ELECTRIC FURNACE