Anti-reflective film

Abstract

The present invention relates to an anti-reflective film including: a hard coating layer; and a low refractive index layer including a binder resin, and hollow inorganic nanoparticles and solid inorganic nanoparticles which are dispersed in the binder resin, wherein in a graph of the measurement of the friction force with a TAC film measured by applying a load of 400 g to the surface, the maximum amplitude (A) is 0.1 or less based on the average friction force.

Claims

1. An anti-reflective film comprising: a hard coating layer; and a low refractive index layer including a binder resin, and hollow inorganic nanoparticles and solid inorganic nanoparticles which are dispersed in the binder resin, wherein the low refractive index layer includes the hollow inorganic nanoparticles in a higher amount by weight than the solid inorganic nanoparticles, wherein a ratio of an average particle diameter of the solid inorganic nanoparticles to an average particle diameter of the hollow inorganic nanoparticles is 0.26 to 0.55, the average particle diameter of the hollow inorganic nanoparticles is in a range of 40 nm to 100 nm, wherein the low refractive index layer comprises a first layer containing at least 70% by volume of the total volume of solid inorganic nanoparticles and a second layer containing at least 70% by volume of the total volume of hollow inorganic nanoparticles, wherein the first layer is positioned to be closer to an interface between the hard coating layer and the low refractive index layer, compared to the second layer, wherein the first layer has a refractive index of 1.420 to 1.600, and wherein the anti-reflective film exhibits average reflectance of 0.7% or less in the visible light wavelength region of 380 nm to 780 nm.

2. The anti-reflective film of claim 1, wherein the hollow inorganic nanoparticles have particle diameters in a range of 10 nm to 200 nm.

3. The anti-reflective film of claim 1, wherein the solid inorganic nanoparticles have particle diameters in a range of 0.1 nm to 100 nm and the average particle diameter of the solid inorganic nanoparticles is in a range of 14.5 nm to 30 nm.

4. The anti-reflective film of claim 1, wherein each of the solid inorganic nanoparticles and the hollow inorganic nanoparticles contains one or more reactive functional groups selected from the group consisting of a hydroxyl group, a (meth)acrylate group, an epoxide group, a vinyl group, and a thiol group on the surface thereof.

5. The anti-reflective film of claim 1, wherein the binder resin contained in the low refractive index layer includes a crosslinked (co)polymer between a first compound of a (co)polymer of a photopolymerizable compound and a second compound of a fluorine-containing compound containing a photoreactive functional group, the first compound and the second compound are different from each other.

6. The anti-reflective film of claim 5, wherein the low refractive index layer includes 10 to 400 parts by weight of the hollow inorganic nanoparticles and 10 to 400 parts by weight of the solid inorganic nanoparticles, relative to 100 parts by weight of the (co)polymer of the photopolymerizable compound.

7. The anti-reflective film of claim 1, wherein the low refractive index layer further includes a silane-based compound containing at least one reactive functional group selected from the group consisting of a vinyl group and a (meth)acrylate group.

8. The anti-reflective film of claim 7, wherein the silane-based compound containing at least one reactive functional group selected from the group consisting of the vinyl group and the (meth)acrylate group contains the reactive functional group with an equivalent weight of 100 to 1000 g/mol.

9. The anti-reflective film of claim 7, wherein the silane-based compound containing at least one reactive functional group selected from the group consisting of the vinyl group and the (meth) acrylate group has a weight average molecular weight of 100 to 5000.

10. The anti-reflective film of claim 1, wherein the hard coating layer includes a binder resin containing a photocurable resin and organic or inorganic fine particles dispersed in the binder resin.

11. The anti-reflective film of claim 10, wherein the organic fine particles have a particle diameter of 1 to 10 μm, and the inorganic fine particles have a particle diameter of 1 nm to 500 nm.

12. The anti-reflective film of claim 1, wherein the solid inorganic nanoparticles have a density higher by 0.50 g/cm.sup.3 or more compared to the hollow inorganic nanoparticles.

13. The anti-reflective film of claim 12, wherein the hollow inorganic nanoparticles are hollow silica nanoparticles and the solid inorganic nanoparticles are solid silica nanoparticles.

14. The anti-reflective film of claim 1, wherein the hollow inorganic nanoparticles are hollow silica nanoparticles and the solid inorganic nanoparticles are solid silica nanoparticles.

15. The anti-reflective film of claim 1, wherein the ratio of an average particle diameter of the solid inorganic nanoparticles to an average particle diameter of the hollow inorganic nanoparticles is 0.26 to 0.35.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) FIG. 1 shows a graph of friction force measurement of the anti-reflective film of Example 1.

(2) FIG. 2 shows a graph of friction force measurement of the anti-reflective film of Example 2.

(3) FIG. 3 shows a graph of friction force measurement of the anti-reflective film of Example 3.

(4) FIG. 4 shows a graph of friction force measurement of the anti-reflective film of Example 4.

(5) FIG. 5 shows a graph of friction force measurement of the anti-reflective film of Example 5.

(6) FIG. 6 shows a graph of friction force measurement of the anti-reflective film of Comparative Example 1.

(7) FIG. 7 shows a graph of friction force measurement of the anti-reflective film of Comparative Example 2.

(8) FIG. 8 shows a graph of friction force measurement of the anti-reflective film of Comparative Example 3.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

(9) The present invention will be described in more detail by way of examples. However, the following examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention thereto.

PREPARATION EXAMPLE

Preparation Example: Preparation of Hard Coating Layer

(10) A salt type of antistatic hard coating solution (manufactured by KYOEISHA Chemical, solid content: 50 wt %, product name: LJD-1000) was coated onto a triacetyl cellulose film with a #10 Mayer bar, dried at 90° C. for 1 minute, and then irradiated with ultraviolet light of 150 mJ/cm.sup.2 to prepare a hard coating film having a thickness of about 5 to 6 μm.

Examples 1 to 5: Preparation of Anti-Reflective Film

Example 1

(11) (1) Preparation of a Photocurable Coating Composition for Preparing a Low Refractive Index Layer

(12) Based on 100 parts by weight of pentaerythritol triacrylate (PETA), 281 parts by weight of hollow silica nanoparticles (diameter range: about 44 nm to 61 nm, manufactured by JGC Catalyst and Chemicals), 63 parts by weight of solid silica nanoparticles (diameter range: about 12.7 nm to 17 nm), 131 parts by weight of a first fluorine-containing compound (X-71-1203M, Shin-Etsu Chemical), 19 parts by weight of a second fluorine-containing compound (RS-537, DIC Corporation), and 31 parts by weight of an initiator (Irgacure 127, Ciba) were diluted in MIBK (methyl isobutyl ketone) solvent so that the solid content concentration became 3 wt %.

(13) (2) Preparation of Low Refractive Index Layer and Anti-Reflective Film

(14) The photocurable coating composition obtained as described above was coated onto the hard coating film of the preparation example at a thickness of about 110 to 120 nm with a #4 Mayer bar, and dried and cured at the temperature and time shown in Table 1 below to form a low refractive index layer, thereby preparing an anti-refractive film.

(15) At the time of curing, ultraviolet light of 252 mJ/cm.sup.2 was irradiated to the dried coating under a nitrogen purge.

(16) Then, the longest diameter of each of the hollow silica nanoparticles and the solid silica nanoparticles (particle number: 100 to 170) contained in the formed low refractive index layer was measured using a transmission electron microscope (TEM). This process was repeated ten times to determine the average particle diameter of the hollow silica nanoparticles and the solid type of silica nanoparticles [average diameter of hollow silica nanoparticles: 55.9 nm, average diameter of solid silica nanoparticles: 14.5 nm].

Example 2

(17) (1) Preparation of a Photocurable Coating Composition for Preparing a Low Refractive Index Layer

(18) Based on 100 parts by weight of trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA), 283 parts by weight of hollow silica nanoparticles (diameter range: about 42 nm to 66 nm, manufactured by JGC Catalyst and Chemicals), 59 parts by weight of solid silica nanoparticles (diameter range: about 12 nm to 19 nm), 115 parts by weight of a first fluorine-containing compound (X-71-1203M, Shin-Etsu Chemical), 15.5 parts by weight of a second fluorine-containing compound (RS-537, DIC Corporation), and 10 parts by weight of an initiator (Irgacure 127, Ciba) were diluted in MIBK (methyl isobutyl ketone) solvent so that the solid content concentration became 3 wt %.

(19) (2) Preparation of Low Refractive Index Layer and Anti-Reflective Film

(20) The photocurable coating composition obtained as described above was coated onto the hard coating film of the preparation example at a thickness of about 110 to 120 nm with a #4 Mayer bar, and dried and cured at the temperature and time shown in Table 1 below to form a low refractive index layer, thereby preparing an anti-refractive film.

(21) At the time of curing, ultraviolet light of 252 mJ/cm.sup.2 was irradiated to the dried coating under a nitrogen purge.

(22) Then, the longest diameter of each of the hollow silica nanoparticles and the solid silica nanoparticles (particle number: 100 to 170) contained in the formed low refractive index layer was measured using a transmission electron microscope (TEM). This process was repeated ten times to determine the average particle diameter of the hollow silica nanoparticles and the solid type of silica nanoparticles [average diameter of hollow silica nanoparticles: 54.9 nm, average diameter of solid silica nanoparticles: 14.5 nm].

Example 3

(23) (1) Preparation of a Photocurable Coating Composition for Preparing a Low Refractive Index Layer

(24) Based on 100 parts by weight of pentaerythritol triacrylate (PETA), 281 parts by weight of hollow silica nanoparticles (diameter range: about 43 nm to 71 nm, manufactured by JGC Catalyst and Chemicals), 63 parts by weight of solid silica nanoparticles (diameter range: about 18 nm to 23 nm), 111 parts by weight of a first fluorine-containing compound (X-71-1203M, Shin-Etsu Chemical), 30 parts by weight of a second fluorine-containing compound (RS-537, DIC Corporation), and 23 parts by weight of an initiator (Irgacure 127, Ciba) were diluted in MIBK (methyl isobutyl ketone) solvent so that the solid content concentration became 3 wt %.

(25) (2) Preparation of Low Refractive Index Layer and Anti-Reflective Film

(26) The photocurable coating composition obtained as described above was coated onto the hard coating film of Preparation Example 1 at a thickness of about 110 to 120 nm with a #4 Mayer bar, and dried and cured at the temperature and time shown in Table 1 below to form a low refractive index layer, thereby preparing an anti-refractive film.

(27) At the time of curing, ultraviolet light of 252 mJ/cm.sup.2 was irradiated to the dried coating under a nitrogen purge.

(28) Then, the longest diameter of each of the hollow silica nanoparticles and the solid silica nanoparticles (particle number: 100 to 170) contained in the formed low refractive index layer was measured using a transmission electron microscope (TEM). This process was repeated ten times to determine the average particle diameter of the hollow silica nanoparticles and the solid type of silica nanoparticles [average diameter of hollow silica nanoparticles: 54.5 nm, average diameter of solid silica nanoparticles: 19.5 nm].

Example 4

(29) (1) Preparation of a Photocurable Coating Composition for Preparing a Low Refractive Index Layer

(30) Based on 100 parts by weight of trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA), 264 parts by weight of hollow silica nanoparticles (diameter range: about 38 nm to 82 nm, manufactured by JGC Catalyst and Chemicals), 60 parts by weight of solid silica nanoparticles (diameter range: about 15 nm to 19 nm), 100 parts by weight of a first fluorine-containing compound (X-71-1203M, Shin-Etsu Chemical), 50 parts by weight of a second fluorine-containing compound (RS-537, DIC Corporation), and 30 parts by weight of an initiator (Irgacure 127, Ciba) were diluted in MIBK (methyl isobutyl ketone) solvent so that the solid content concentration became 3 wt %.

(31) (2) Preparation of Low Refractive Index Layer and Anti-Reflective Film

(32) The photocurable coating composition obtained as described above was coated onto the hard coating film of the preparation example at a thickness of about 110 to 120 nm with a #4 Mayer bar, and dried and cured at the temperature and time shown in Table 1 below to form a low refractive index layer, thereby preparing an anti-refractive film.

(33) At the time of curing, ultraviolet light of 252 mJ/cm.sup.2 was irradiated to the dried coating under a nitrogen purge.

(34) Then, the longest diameter of each of the hollow silica nanoparticles and the solid silica nanoparticles (particle number: 100 to 170) contained in the formed low refractive index layer was measured using a transmission electron microscope (TEM). This process was repeated ten times to determine the average particle diameter of the hollow silica nanoparticles and the solid type of silica nanoparticles [average diameter of hollow silica nanoparticles: 55.4 nm, average diameter of solid silica nanoparticles: 17.1 nm].

Example 5

(35) (1) Preparation of Hard Coating Layer (HD2)

(36) 30 g of pentaerythritol triacrylate, 2.5 g of a high molecular weight copolymer (BEAMSET 371, Arakawa Chemical Industries, Ltd., Epoxy Acrylate, molecular weight 40,000), 20 g of methyl ethyl ketone, and 0.5 g of a leveling agent (Tego wet 270) were homogeneously mixed, and then 2 g of acrylic-styrene copolymer with a refractive index of 1.525 (volume average particle diameter: 2 μm, manufacturer: Sekisui Plastic) was added thereto to prepare a hard coating composition.

(37) The hard coating composition thus obtained was coated onto a triacetyl cellulose film with a #10 Mayer bar, and dried at 90° C. for 1 minute. Ultraviolet rays of 150 mJ/cm.sup.2 were irradiated onto the dried product to prepare a hard coating film having a thickness of 5 μm.

(38) (2) Preparation of Low Refractive Index Layer and Anti-Reflective Film

(39) Based on 100 parts by weight of trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA), 283 parts by weight of hollow silica nanoparticles (diameter range: about 40 nm to 68 nm, manufactured by JGC Catalyst and Chemicals), 59 parts by weight of solid silica nanoparticles (diameter range: about 14 nm to 17 nm), 115 parts by weight of a first fluorine-containing compound (X-71-1203M, Shin-Etsu Chemical), 15.5 parts by weight of a second fluorine-containing compound (RS-537, DIC Corporation), and 10 parts by weight of an initiator (Irgacure 127, Ciba) were diluted in MIBK (methyl isobutyl ketone) solvent so that the solid content concentration became 3 wt %. Thereby, a photocurable coating composition for preparing a low refractive index layer was prepared.

(40) The photocurable coating composition thus obtained was coated onto the above-prepared hard coating layer (HD2) at a thickness of about 110 to 120 nm with a #4 Mayer bar, and dried and cured at the temperature and time shown in Table 1 below to form a low refractive index layer, thereby preparing an anti-refractive film.

(41) At the time of curing, ultraviolet light of 252 mJ/cm.sup.2 was irradiated to the dried coating under a nitrogen purge.

(42) Then, the longest diameter of each of the hollow silica nanoparticles and the solid silica nanoparticles (particle number: 100 to 170) contained in the formed low refractive index layer was measured using a transmission electron microscope (TEM). This process was repeated ten times to determine the average particle diameter of the hollow silica nanoparticles and the solid type of silica nanoparticles [average diameter of hollow silica nanoparticles: 55.4 nm, average diameter of solid silica nanoparticles: 14.7 nm].

(43) TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Drying temperature (° C.) Drying time Example 1 40 1 min Example 2 60 1 min Example 3 80 1 min Example 4 60 2 min Example 5 60 1 min

COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE: PREPARATION OF ANTI-REFLECTIVE FILM

Comparative Example 1

(44) An anti-reflective film was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the solid silica nanoparticles were not used.

(45) The longest diameter of the hollow silica nanoparticles (particle number: 100 to 170) contained in the formed low refractive index layer was measured using a transmission electron microscope (TEM). This process was repeated ten times to determine the average particle diameter of the hollow silica nanoparticles [average diameter of hollow silica nanoparticles: 54.9 nm].

Comparative Example 2

(46) An anti-reflective film was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the solid silica nanoparticles (diameter range: about 38 nm to 67 nm) were used.

(47) The longest diameter of each of the hollow silica nanoparticles and the solid silica nanoparticles (particle number: 100 to 170) contained in the formed low refractive index layer was measured using a transmission electron microscope (TEM). This process was repeated ten times to determine the average particle diameter of the hollow silica nanoparticles and the solid silica nanoparticles [average diameter of hollow silica nanoparticles: 54 nm, average diameter of solid silica nanoparticles: 50 nm].

Comparative Example 3

(48) An anti-reflective film was prepared in the same manner as in Example 3, except that the solid silica nanoparticles (diameter range: about 90 nm to 127 nm) were used.

(49) The longest diameter of the hollow silica nanoparticles (particle number: 100 to 170) contained in the formed low refractive index layer was measured using a transmission electron microscope (TEM). This process was repeated ten times to determine the average particle diameter of the hollow silica nanoparticles and the solid silica nanoparticles [average diameter of hollow silica nanoparticles: 54 nm, average diameter of solid silica nanoparticles: 110 nm].

Experimental Example: Measurement of Physical Properties of Anti-Reflective Films

(50) The following experiments were conducted for the anti-reflective films obtained in the examples and comparative examples.

(51) 1. Measurement of Reflectivity of Anti-Reflective Film

(52) The average reflectance of the anti-reflective films obtained in the examples and comparative examples showing in a visible light region (380 to 780 nm) was measured using a Solidspec 3700 (SHIMADZU) apparatus.

(53) 2. Measurement of Antifouling Property

(54) A straight line having a length of 5 cm was drawn with a black marker on the surface of the anti-reflective films obtained in the examples and comparative examples. Then, the antifouling property was measured by confirming the number of times of erasing when rubbed with a poly wiper.

(55) <Measurement Standard>

(56) ◯: Erased when rubbing 10 times or less

(57) Δ: Erased when rubbing 11 to 20 times

(58) X: Erased when rubbing 20 times or more, or not erased

(59) 3. Measurement of Scratch Resistance

(60) The surfaces of the antireflection films obtained in the examples and comparative examples were rubbed while applying a load to steel wool and reciprocating ten times at a speed of 27 rpm.

(61) A maximum load at which the number of scratches (1 cm or less) observed by the naked eye was 1 or less was measured.

(62) 4. Measurement of Friction and Maximum and Maximum Amplitude (A)

(63) The TAC film was placed on the surfaces of the anti-reflective films obtained in the examples and comparative examples, and the friction force was measured on a test distance of 10 cm in total at a test speed of 18 cm/min under a load of 400 g to obtain a graph corresponding thereto.

(64) Specifically, the graph of the friction force measurement was obtained by bringing a TAC film into contact with a surface of the anti-reflective film using a Friction Tester (FP-2260, manufactured by Thwing-Albert Instrument Company), placing a sled with a load of 400 g thereon, and then measuring the friction force while pulling the sled at a test speed of 18 cm/min by a test distance of 10 cm in total.

(65) Subsequently, the dynamic friction force, the maximum friction force, and the minimum friction force were determined from the obtained graph of the friction force measurement, and then the maximum value of the absolute values of the difference between the average friction force and the maximum friction force or the minimum friction force was defined as the maximum amplitude (A).

(66) At this time, the static test distance is a section up to 3 cm in the test distance, and the dynamic test distance corresponds to a section from 3 cm to 10 cm in the test distance.

(67) 5. Measurement of Refractive Index and Cauchy Parameter of Low Refractive Index Layer

(68) After confirming by a transmission electron microscope that a first layer in which solid inorganic nanoparticles are mainly distributed close to the interface between the hard coating layer and the low refractive index layer, and a second layer in which the hollow inorganic nanoparticles are mainly distributed on the opposite side of the interface, are present in the low refractive index layers of the anti-refractive films obtained in the examples and comparative examples, Cauchy parameters A, B, and C were measured for each of the first layer and the second layer by fitting the polarization ellipticity measured by an ellipsometry method to a Cauchy model. Based on such measurement, the refractive index at a wavelength of 550 nm was calculated according to the General Formula 1 described above.

(69) TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Compar- Compar- Compar- ative ative ative Ex- Ex- Ex- Ex- Ex- Ex- Ex- Ex- ample ample ample ample ample ample ample ample 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 Ratio of 0.26 0.26 0.36 0.31 0.27 — 0.93 2.04 average diameter.sup.1) Maximum 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.35 0.12 0.85 amplitude (N) Average 0.63 0.62 0.67 0.64 0.67 1.0 1.1 1.1 reflectance (%) Scratch 500 500 500 500 500 50 50 50 resistance (g) Antifouling ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ X X X property Phase- ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ X X X separation First A 1.502 1.505 1.498 1.491 1.505 1.35 1.38 1.38 layer B 0.00351 0.00464 0.00311 0.00573 0.00316 0.0001 0.0003 0.05 C 4.1280* 3.4882* 4.1352* 3.9821* 0 0.0045 0.0015 0.011 10.sup.−4 10.sup.−4 10.sup.−4 10.sup.−4 Second A 1.35 1.349 1.321 1.346 1.375 1.35 1.38 1.38 layer B 0.00513 0.00304 0.00312 0 0.00178 0.0002 0.0004 0.02 C 2.5364* 0 4.1280* 4.8685* 1.2131* 0.0009 0.0007 0.053 10.sup.−4 10.sup.−4 10.sup.−4 10.sup.−4 .sup.1)Ratio of the average particle diameter of the solid inorganic nanoparticles relative to the average particle diameter of the hollow inorganic nanoparticles

(70) TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Com- Com- Com- par- par- par- ative ative ative Ex- Ex- Ex- Ex- Ex- Ex- Ex- Ex- ample ample ample ample ample ample ample ample 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 Refractive 1.502 1.505 1.498 1.491 1.505 1.35 1.38 1.38 index of first layer Refractive 1.35  1.349 1.321 1.346 1.375 1.35 1.38 1.38 index of second layer

(71) As shown in Table 2, it is confirmed that in the anti-reflective films of Examples 1 to 5, in which the ratio of the particle diameters of the solid inorganic nanoparticles to the particle diameter of the hollow inorganic nanoparticles contained in the low refractive index layer is 0.55 or less, the maximum amplitude (A) is equal to or less than 0.1 N based on the average friction force.

(72) Specifically, referring to FIG. 1, it is confirmed that the anti-reflective film of Example 1 does not substantially show a difference between the maximum friction force and the minimum friction force in the section from 3 to 10 cm, which is the kinetic test distance, as compared with the average friction force, and thus the slip property of the surface is excellent.

(73) As shown in Table 3, it is also confirmed that the low refractive index layers of the anti-reflective films of Examples 1 to 6 have a first layer and a second layer having different refractive indexes, so that the hollow inorganic nanoparticles and the solid inorganic nanoparticles are phase separated.

(74) In view of the fact that the refractive index of the first layer is higher than that of the second layer, it can be seen that the solid inorganic nanoparticles are mainly distributed in the first layer and the hollow inorganic nanoparticles are mainly distributed in the second layer. Therefore, it is confirmed that the solid inorganic nanoparticles are mostly present and gathered toward the interface between the hard coating layer and the low refractive index layer of the anti-reflective film, and the hollow inorganic nanoparticles are mostly present and gathered on the side far from the hard coat layer.

(75) Accordingly, as shown in Table 2, it is confirmed that the anti-reflective films of the examples having the maximum amplitude (A) equal to or less than a specific value can simultaneously realize the high scratch resistance and antifouling property while exhibiting low reflectance of 0.70% or less in the visible light region.

(76) On the other hand, as shown in Table 2, it is confirmed that in the anti-refractive films of Comparative Examples 1 to 3 in which the solid inorganic nanoparticles are not contained in the low refractive layer or the ratio of the particle diameter of the solid inorganic nanoparticles to the particle diameter of the hollow inorganic nanoparticles exceeds 0.55, the maximum amplitude (A) exceeds 0.1 N based on the average friction force.

(77) Specifically, referring to FIGS. 6 to 8, it is confirmed that in the anti-reflective films of the comparative examples, the variation width of the friction force is large in the section from 3 cm to 10 cm which is the kinetic test distance and the maximum amplitude (A) has a considerable difference relative to the average friction force, and thus the slip property is not good.

(78) In addition, as shown in Table 3, it is confirmed that in the low refractive index layer of the anti-reflective films of Comparative Examples 1 to 3, the refractive indexes of the first layer and the second layer are the same so that the hollow inorganic nanoparticles and the solid inorganic nanoparticles are mixed without being phase separated.

(79) Thereby, as shown in Table 2, it is confirmed that the anti-reflective films of Comparative Examples 1 to 3 exhibit relatively high reflectance as well as low scratch resistance and antifouling properties, as compared with the anti-reflective films of Examples 1 to 5.