Abstract
A member-to-member planar connection bracket that includes multiple repeated fuse element configurations that each provide a pre-determined inelastic load-carrying capacity and a reliable inelastic deformation capacity upon development of one or more inelastic hinge locations within the fuse elements. The fuse configurations are interconnected in series such that the total deformation accommodated between first end of the bracket and second end of the bracket is the sum of deformations accommodated by the individual fuse configurations. Multiple brackets are configured in laminar configurations and interconnected to create a connection assembly that provides increased strength or increased deformation capacity as compared to an individual bracket. The connection assembly is used to connect a first structural member and second structural member. The pre-determined maximum inelastic load-carrying capacity of the assembly is less than the elastic load-carrying capacity of the first structural member and the second structural member.
Claims
1. A member-to-member connection assembly comprising: at least two planar connection brackets configured adjacently in a laminar configuration, the at least two planar connection brackets comprising first and second connection brackets, the first connection bracket being longer than the second connection bracket, the second connection bracket configured adjacently on the first connection bracket such that first and second end sections of the first connection bracket extend out beyond first and second ends of the second connection bracket; each of said connection brackets comprised of at least one first connection member for coupling said connection bracket to a first structural member or an adjacent connection bracket; each of said connection brackets comprised of at least one second connection member for coupling said connection bracket to a second structural member or an adjacent connection bracket; each of said connection brackets comprised of at least one fuse configuration disposed between said first connection member and said second connection member, said at least one fuse configuration being operable to deform upon application of a pre-determined loading condition; said at least one fuse configuration comprised of at least one fuse element being able to form at least one inelastic flexural hinge location allowing for inelastic deformation between said first connection member and said second connection member upon application of a pre-determined loading condition.
2. The member-to-member connection assembly of claim 1 wherein said hinge location comprises a reduced thickness of the said fuse element.
3. The member-to-member connection assembly of claim 1 wherein said fuse elements are of geometry including straight, sloped, tapered, or curved.
4. The member-to-member connection assembly of claim 1 wherein said pre-determined load is less than the elastic yield load of said first structural member and said second structural member.
5. The member-to-member connection assembly of claim 1 wherein guide elements are disposed on multiple sides of the assembly to resist deformation nominally orthogonal to the direction of the applied load.
6. The member-to-member connection assembly of claim 5 wherein said guide elements are of geometry such as straight, sloped, skewed, stepped, or curved.
7. The member-to-member connection assembly of claim 5 wherein said guide elements are coupled to, or of unitary construction with, said first structural member or said second structural member.
8. The member-to-member connection assembly of claim 5 wherein said guide elements are of coupled to, or of unitary construction with, one or more of said connection brackets.
9. The member-to-member connection assembly of claim 1 wherein said fuse elements partially or fully define a void, wherein said void is filled with a material that is one of elastomeric, fiber reinforced polymer, concrete, cementitious, and piezoelectric to provide increased elastic stiffness, inelastic stiffness, and/or damping.
10. The member-to-member connection assembly of claim 1 wherein said first structural member is one of a beam or a brace and said second structural member is one of a column or a gusset.
11. The member-to-member connection assembly of claim 1 wherein said first connection member of each of said connection brackets is coupled to said first structural member, and said second connection member of each of said connection brackets is coupled to said second structural member.
12. The member-to-member connection assembly of claim 1 wherein said first connection member of said first planar connection bracket is coupled to said first structural member; said second connection member of said first planar connection bracket is coupled to said second structural member.
13. A member-to-member connection assembly comprising: at least two planar connection brackets configured adjacently in a laminar configuration, the at least two planar connection brackets comprising first and second connection brackets, the first connection bracket being longer than the second connection bracket, the second connection bracket configured adjacently on the first connection bracket such that first and second end sections of the first connection bracket extend out beyond first and second ends of the second connection bracket; a first structural connector configured to fit through first aligned holes in each of the first and second planar connection brackets to connect the first and second planar connection brackets to a first structural member; a second structural connector configured to fit through second aligned holes in each of the first and second planar connection brackets to connect the first and second planar connection brackets to a second structural member; each of said connection brackets comprised of at least one fuse configuration disposed between said first connection member and said second connection member, said at least one fuse configuration being operable to deform upon application of a pre-determined loading condition; said at least one fuse configuration comprised of at least one fuse element being able to form at least one inelastic flexural hinge location allowing for inelastic deformation between said first connection member and said second connection member upon application of a pre-determined loading condition.
14. The member-to-member connection assembly of claim 13, further comprising: a third structural connector configured to fit through a hole in the first end section of the first planar connection bracket to connect the first planar connection bracket to the first structural member; and a fourth structural connector configured to fit through a hole in the second end section of the first planar connection bracket to connect the first planar connection bracket to the second structural member.
15. The member-to-member connection assembly of claim 13, wherein said hinge location comprises a reduced thickness of the said fuse element.
16. The member-to-member connection assembly of claim 13, wherein said fuse elements are of geometry including straight, sloped, tapered, or curved.
17. The member-to-member connection assembly of claim 13, wherein said pre-determined load is less than the elastic yield load of said first structural member and said second structural member.
18. The member-to-member connection assembly of claim 13, wherein said fuse elements partially or fully define a void, wherein said void is filled with a material that is one of elastomeric, fiber reinforced polymer, concrete, cementitious, and piezoelectric to provide increased elastic stiffness, inelastic stiffness, and/or damping.
Description
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
(1) The accompanying drawings form a part of the specification and are to be read in conjunction therewith, in which like reference numerals are employed to indicate like or similar parts in various views.
(2) FIG. 1 is a side view of an embodiment of a member-to-member connection bracket with ‘S’ shaped fuse element and interconnection element configuration in accordance with the teachings of the present invention;
(3) FIG. 2 is a side view of an embodiment of a member-to-member connection bracket with circular shaped fuse element configuration in accordance with the teachings of the present invention;
(4) FIG. 3 is a side view of an embodiment of a member-to-member connection bracket with rectangular shaped fuse configuration with an internal stiffening element in accordance with the teachings of the present invention;
(5) FIG. 4 is a side view of an embodiment of a member-to-member connection bracket with fuse elements disposed in a three dimensional pattern (sloped both in the plane of the page and out of the plane of the page) in a spiral configuration in accordance with the teachings of the present invention;
(6) FIG. 5 is a top view of member-to-member connection assembly with the connection brackets disposed in parallel with the first end of each bracket connected to a first structural member and the last end of each bracket connected to a second structural member in accordance with the teachings of the present invention;
(7) FIG. 6 is a top view of member-to-member connection assembly with the connection brackets disposed in the same direction in series with the first end of the first bracket connected to a first structural member, the last end of the first bracket connected to the first end of a second bracket, the last end of the second bracket connected to the first end of the third bracket, and the last end a third bracket connected to a second structural member in accordance with the teachings of the present invention;
(8) FIG. 7 is a top view of member-to-member connection assembly with the connection brackets disposed in opposite directions in series with the first end of the first bracket connected to a first structural member, the last end of the first bracket connected to the first end of a second bracket, the last end of the second bracket connected to the first end of the third bracket, and the last end a third bracket connected to a second structural member in accordance with the teachings of the present invention.
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
(9) The following detailed description of the present invention references the accompanying drawing figures that illustrate specific embodiments in which the invention can be practiced. The embodiments are intended to describe aspects of the present invention in sufficient detail to enable those skilled in the art to practice the invention. Other embodiments can be utilized and changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the scope of the present invention. The present invention is defined by the appended claims and, therefore, the description is not to be taken in a limiting sense and shall not limit the scope of the equivalents to which such claims are entitled.
(10) As illustrated in FIG. 1, a connection bracket 10 of the present invention is shown wherein connection bracket 10 includes a first connection element 21a, a second connection element 22a, and a series of fuse elements 23a interconnected by interconnection elements 24a disposed between first and second connection elements 21a and 22a. Relative deformations in the direction of the applied force are illustrated by comparison of deformed shape 10b to non-deformed shape 10a. Deformed shape 10b represents the state of bracket 10 prior to load application. Non-deformed shape 10a represents the state of the bracket 10 subsequent to application of loading that results in inelastic deformation of the fuse elements 23a. The fuse elements 23a and interconnection elements 24a are disposed such that the overall deformation (Δ) 26a of the second connection element 22a relative to the first connection element 21a is equal to the sum of the individual deformations (δ) 25a of each fuse element in the direction of the applied force.
(11) FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of a connection bracket 10 in which the fuse elements 23a and interconnection elements 24a are disposed in series in an ‘S’ shaped pattern, though any pattern achieving the same general effect could be used without departing from the spirit of the scope of the present invention. Furthermore, FIG. 1 shows an embodiment in which guide elements 20a may be disposed on multiple sides of the connection bracket to provide stability under compression loading and resist deformation nominally orthogonal to the direction of the applied load.
(12) FIG. 2, shows one embodiment of the present invention wherein connection bracket 11 includes a first connection element 21b, a second connection element 22b, and a series of fuse elements 23b interconnected by interconnection elements 24b disposed between first and second connection elements 21b and 22b. The fuse elements 23b are configured in a circular shape to create fuse configuration 27a, though this shape could be of any cross section without departing from the spirit of the scope of the present invention. Relative deformations in the direction of the applied force are illustrated by comparison of deformed shape 11b to non-deformed shape 11a. Deformed shape 11b represents the state of bracket 11 prior to load application. Non-deformed shape 11a represents the state of the bracket 11 subsequent to application of a load that results in inelastic deformation of the fuse elements 23b. Fuse elements 23b and interconnection elements 24b are disposed such that the overall deformation (Δ) 26b of the second connection element 22b relative to the first connection element 21b is equal to the sum of the individual deformations (δ) 25b of each fuse element in the direction of the applied force.
(13) FIG. 2 shows an embodiment in which guide elements 20b may be disposed on multiple sides of the connection bracket to provide stability under compression loading and resist deformation nominally orthogonal to the direction of the applied load.
(14) FIG. 3, shows one embodiment of the present invention wherein connection bracket 12 includes a first connection element 21c, a second connection element 22c, and a series of fuse elements 23c interconnected by interconnection elements 24c disposed between first and second connection elements 21c and 22c. The fuse elements 23c and interconnection elements 24c are configured in a rectangular shape with stiffening element 28 to create fuse configuration 27b, though this shape and/or stiffener configuration could be of any cross section without departing from the spirit of the scope of the present invention. Relative deformations in the direction of the applied force are illustrated by comparison of deformed shape 12b to non-deformed shape 12a. Deformed shape 12b represents the state of bracket 12 prior to load application. Non-deformed shape 12a represents the state of the bracket 12 subsequent to application of a load that results in inelastic deformation of the fuse elements 23c. Fuse elements 23c and interconnection elements 24c are disposed such that the overall deformation (Δ) 26c of the second connection element 22c relative to the first connection element 21c is equal to the sum of the individual deformations (δ) 25c of each fuse element in the direction of the applied force.
(15) FIG. 3 shows an embodiment in which guide elements 20c may be disposed on multiple sides of the connection bracket to provide stability under compression loading and resist deformation nominally orthogonal to the direction of the applied load.
(16) FIG. 4, shows one embodiment of the present invention wherein connection bracket 13 includes a first connection element 21d, a second connection element 22d, and a series of fuse elements 23d disposed between first and second connection elements 21d and 22d. The fuse elements 23d are disposed in a three-dimensional pattern (sloped both in the plane of the page and out of the plane of the page) in a spiral configuration, though the slope and articulation of fuse elements 23d could be varied to other patterns with departing from the spirit of the scope of the present invention. Relative deformations in the direction of the applied force or enforced displacement are illustrated by comparison of deformed shape 13b to non-deformed shape 13a. Deformed shape 13b represents the state of bracket 13 prior to load application. Non-deformed shape 13a represents the state of the bracket 13 subsequent to application of a load that results in inelastic deformation of the fuse elements 23d. Fuse elements 23d are disposed such that the overall deformation (Δ) 26d of the second connection element 22d relative to the first connection element 21d is equal to the sum of the individual deformations (δ) 25d of each fuse element in the direction of the applied force.
(17) FIG. 4 shows an embodiment in which guide elements 20d may be disposed on multiple sides of the connection bracket to provide stability under compression loading and resist deformation nominally orthogonal to the direction of the applied load or enforced displacement.
(18) Similar inelastic rotation of fuse elements of the additional embodiments of connection brackets 10, 11, 12 and 13 will perform similarly and allow the fuse elements to resist load and undergo overall inelastic deformation between the structural members connected. One substantial benefit of the present invention is that upon experience of a significant loading event such as a hurricane, earthquake, explosion, or the like, the connection bracket may experience all the inelastic behavior necessary to absorb, dissipate and respond to the loading event. As such, after such an event, in most cases the building may be reconditioned by replacing the yielded connection brackets as opposed to replacing significant primary structural members or the entire structure. This results in the potential for significant economic savings.
(19) Any process for assembling a bracket with similar geometric characteristics may be used without departing from the spirit of the scope of the present invention. Further, while examples may have been described with respect to one or more specific types of loading such as seismic loading, the described connections and structural devises can be used for other types of loading such as but not limited to blast, wind, thermal, gravity, soil loads, including those resulting from soil displacements and the like.
(20) FIG. 5 shows one embodiment of the present invention wherein connection assembly 14 includes a first connection bracket 31a, a second connection bracket 32a and a third connection bracket 33a each comprised of geometry similar to one of embodiment 10, 11, 12 and 13 disposed in a parallel configuration with the first connection element 41a, 42a and 43a of each bracket 31a, 32a and 33a respectively connected to a first structural member 61a and the last connection element 51a, 52a and 53a of each bracket 31a, 32a and 33a respectively connected to a second structural member 62a in accordance with the teachings of the present invention. Structural fasteners 64a are conceptually shown as bolts though other types of structural fasteners could be used without departing from the scope of the present invention. A guide element 63a is shown as a plate though other configurations of guide elements could be used without departing from the scope of the present invention.
(21) FIG. 6 shows one embodiment of the present invention wherein connection assembly 15 includes a first connection bracket 31b, a second connection bracket 32b and a third connection bracket 33b each comprised of geometry similar to one of embodiment 10, 11, 12 and 13 disposed in a series configuration with the first connection element 41b of the first bracket 31b connected to a first structural member 61b, the last connection element 51b of the first bracket 31b connected to the first connection element 42b of the second bracket 32b, the last connection element 52b of the second bracket 32b connected to the first connection element 43b of the third bracket 33b, and the last connection element 53b a third bracket 33b connected to a second structural member 62b in accordance with the teachings of the present invention. Structural fasteners 64b are conceptually shown as dowel type fasteners though other types of structural fasteners could be used without departing from the scope of the present invention. A guide element 63b is shown as a solid stepped element though other configurations of guide elements could be used without departing from the scope of the present invention.
(22) FIG. 7 shows one embodiment of the present invention wherein connection assembly 16 includes a first connection bracket 31c, a second connection bracket 32c and a third connection bracket 33c each comprised of geometry similar to one of embodiment 10, 11, 12 and 13 disposed in a opposite directions in a series configuration with the first connection element 41c of the first bracket 31c connected to a first structural member 61c, the last connection element 51c of the first bracket 31c connected to the first connection element 42c of a second bracket 32c, the last connection element 52c of the second bracket 32c connected to the first connection element 43c of the third bracket 33c, and the last connection element 53c of the third bracket 33c connected to a second structural member 62b in accordance with the teachings of the present invention. Structural fasteners 64c are conceptually shown as dowel type fasteners though other types of structural fasteners could be used without departing from the scope of the present invention.
(23) From the foregoing it will be seen that this invention is one well adapted to attain all ends and objects hereinabove set forth together with the other advantages which are obvious and which are inherent to the structure.
(24) It will be understood that certain features and sub-combinations are of utility and may be employed without reference to other features and sub-combinations. This is contemplated by and is within the scope of the claims.
(25) Since many possible embodiments may be made of the invention without departing from the scope thereof, it is to be understood that all matter herein set forth or shown in the accompanying drawings is to be interpreted as illustrative, and not in a limiting sense.
