Fire extinguishing powder for A, B, C, D, F and K class fires and its application in suppression of catastrophic fires, the absorption of oil and its derivatives and revitalization of land degradation caused by fire

Abstract

Fire extinguishing powder for extinguishing of A, B, C, D, F and K classes of fire is obtained in the fine grinding procedure by a “micronizer” to the structure of 50 micrones of zeolite, vermiculite, aluminum hydrate, sepiolite, calcite, talk and alumina, and then mixed in the covered mixer for 30 minutes until the homogenized powder is obtained, successful for extinguishing the A, B, C, D, F and K classes of fire and especially catastrophic fires, oil absorption and its derivates and revitalization of land degradation caused by fire, where the distribution of the powder in question to the place of fire, except the devices S-1, S-2, S-3, S-6, S-9, S-12, S-50 and S-100, is performed by the military and civil planes, with the notice that the powder in question, due to its natural components it is made of, is completely non-harmful for humans, animals, plans and treated area, and besides that, it has a great extinguishing power, with almost instantaneous flame elimination.

Claims

1. Fire extinguishing powder for extinguishing A, B, C, D, F and K classes of fire, characterized by the fact that the composition of the mixture is according to the following: 22-35 mass % aluminum (three) hydroxide (Al(OH).sub.3—dry hydrate), 7-13 mass % metallurgical alumina, 7-13 mass % vermiculite, 12-17 mass % zeolite, 3-7 mass % sepiolite, 7-13 mass % of calcium carbonate (CaCO.sub.3), 7-13 mass 2% potassium bicarbonate (KHCO.sub.3), 7-13 mass % talc, 2-4 mass % calcium stearate and, 2-4 mass % polysiloxane, said fire extinguishing powder mixture obtained by precisely measured mass percentages of aluminum (three) hydroxide (AL(OH)3—dry hydrate), metallurgical alumina, vermiculiet, zeolite, sepiolite calcium carbondate (CaCO3), potassium bicarbonate (KHCO3;) and talc, that are put into a crusher, where they are subjected to a “micronizer” process to obtain the granulation size of up to 50 microns, and after that, the grained mixture is subjected to heat treatment, (i.e. the drying process in standard dryers 6) and then the grained mixture is put into a preheated (70° C.) mixer 7, and then precisely measured quantity of calcium stearate and polysiloxane neutral chemicals for modification is then added by spraying, and then the grained mixture is stirred for 30 minutes and after this procedure the resulting homogenized powder is removed from the mixer and packed in natron bags weighing 25 kg or in larger bags weighing up to 1000 kg and then the bags are stored.

2. A fire extinguishing powder for extinguishing A, B, C, D, F and K classes of fire comprising a mixture of the following: 22-35 mass % aluminum (three) hydroxide (Al(OH).sub.3—dry hydrate), 7-13 mass % metallurgical alumina, 7-13 mass % vermiculite, 12-17 mass % zeolite, 3-7 mass % sepiolite, 7-13 mass % of calcium carbonate (CaCO.sub.3), 7-13 mass 2% potassium bicarbonate (KHCO.sub.3), 7-13 mass % talc, 2-4 mass % calcium stearate and, 2-4 mass % polysiloxane, wherein said mixture is obtained by loading the aluminum (three) hydroxide (AL(OH)3—dry hydrate), metallurgical alumina, vermiculiet, zeolite, sepiolite, calcium carbondate (CaCO3), potassium bicarbonate (KHCO3;) and talc into a crusher, where they are subjected to a process resulting in granules having a size of up to 50 microns, and subjecting the granules to a drying process, and further combining with the granules calcium stearate and polysiloxane.

3. A natron bag comprising the fire extinguishing powder of claim 2.

4. A method of extinguishing a fire comprising applying the fire extinguishing powder of claim 2.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

(1) In order to understand the invention more easily, authors refer to the attached drawings of the application, only for example, where:

(2) FIG. 1, presents the technological scheme of obtaining the subject powder procedure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

(3) It is known that the burning of some matter will cease when all of the combustible conditions are eliminated. It is also known that the effects of a fire extinguisher can be: extinguishing (when the fire extinguishing matter is inserted into the fire spot in the form of gas, fog, powder or foam, thereby covering the burning surface and preventing partial or complete access to oxygen from the air, thus eliminating one of the conditions of burning); cooling, which means that fire extinguishing agent is brought in the center of a fire and it takes the heat away from the combustible matter (at the moment when the temperature of the combustible matter is reduced below the flammable temperature, the combustion process automatically stops); anti-catalytic, arising from the ability of the agent to be used for extinguishing by preventing the combustion (oxidation) of the combustible material with the oxygen.

(4) The basic idea of the author, realized through this invention, is based on the identification of such an extinguishing agent that will, to a greater or lesser extent, function on all three effects of extinguishing, enabling effective extinguishing of class A, B, C, D, F and K. In the realization of this idea, they began from the fact that for the ability to extinguish the fire by powder the most important influence is the grain size and the turbulent movement of the powder. Dry matter extinguishing fire primarily by interrupting chain chemical reactions of the fire that means the presence of free radicals in the flame zone, wherein the free radicals react with the fuel and with oxygen and improve the further flame reactions and an increase the number of free radicals. Fine particles of dry chemicals brought into the flame range capture enough free radicals and this way they interrupt the chain reaction and fire extinguishing occurs almost immediately, so-called anti-catalytic effect. The cloud of the dry chemical looks like a partition through which the flame cannot pass from the cloud of particles when their concentration is appropriate. Conversely, when a cloud of dry chemical is produced where the reaction of the combustion is already in progress, extinguishing occurs. In the application of dry chemicals, the size of powder particles that are used for extinguishing is very important. Binding the free radicals to the surface of the particles is the basic factor in breaking the chain reaction. If the powder is finer, the more effective surface area for the given quantity of agents is, so the distance of the free radical diffusion is shorter. In addition, it is important to have in mind that the effectiveness of extinguishing depends on the specific surface area of the dry powder, the shape of the grain and other substances that synergistically positive influent the fire extinguishing efficiency, as well as the technological procedure for the production of the powder in question. To obtain the necessary fineness of powdered chemicals, a “micronizer” method is used, which produces particles with a maximum size of 50 microns, where the cohesion forces between the particles of the compound occur in this form are disturbed. In the dry components obtained by this method, the particles are smooth and, as such, suitable for extinguishing the fire by powder.

(5) The chemicals processed by the “micronizer” process are additionally modified by neutral chemicals, e.g. polysilicon and/or stearates in order to improve hydrophobicity, for which in the invention they used zeolite, vermiculite, potassium bicarbonate, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, metallurgical alumina, hydrated alumina, called aluminum (three9 hydroxide—hydrate and talc, whose active working provides the fluidity and mobility to powder material and its anti-hygroscopic properties. The anti-hygroscopicity of the powder is achieved by the fact that the grain of the powder is wrapped in a thin film of a polymeric additive, and the flowability is achieved by the addition of silicates and carbons. Also, by using these components, the inhibitory effect on heat is also achieved. For example, by adding a precisely measured fine-grained metallurgical alumina (which is in the composition of gamma Al.sub.2O.sub.3 and alpha Al.sub.2O.sub.3), as well as alimo-hydrates, the powder does not make smoke and it is the flame inhibitor. When exposed to fire, the alimo-hydrate is endothermically dissolved to water and anhydrous aluminum oxide. In this case, the water cools the fire and significantly slows its degradation into combustible fuel, and because of the greater specific gravity compared to other ingredients, the alumina covers the places with embers (class A), coats them with a layer and takes a certain amount of heat. Calcium carbonate or magnesium carbonate, in addition to giving powder the fluidity, in the extinguishing process, have a similar effect as the alumina, and in addition, they cover the ember spots with a thin layer where, due to the effect of temperature, partial decarbonization reaction occurs. By using talc, besides increasing the flowability, a thermo-insoluble effect has been achieved by successfully extinguishing Class D and E of fires. The powder also present has the vermiculite whose characteristic is that at the temperature that it creates, the ember is dissolved or it expands, increasing its volume by more than 15 times, and as it belongs to thermal insulating materials, as well as talk that gives powder its flow, it additionally accelerates the fire extinguishing process.

(6) Zoolite (clinoptilolite) is also present in the mixture, which is specially treated to produce positive characteristics in fire extinguishing and significantly participates in the revitalization of the soil, especially during the extinguishing of forest fires. Specially treated zeolites exhibit an effect, which is reflected in the fact that at a temperature i.e. calcination at 400 to 500° C. they release absorbent water without disturbing the structure. This way, an additional fire extinguishing function is achieved, where the cavities are released in the zeolite, ready for the absorption of other molecules. The volume of micropores produced this way depends on the structure of the zeolite and the number and nature of cations.

(7) In order to increase the powder efficiency, modified minerals, combined with neutral hemicycles and their salts, were used in its composition, which additionally improved its properties, by making the active powder surface hydrophobic and it is well known that the structures and properties of such organic films on the surface of their particles have a considerable influence on the final properties of the composite because they represent the interface between the two components in the heterogeneous material. The modification of the material is carried out in air space of countercurrent mixer, and before the start of modification process, the modification samples are inserted into the dryer and are subjected to heat treatment, i.e. drying for up to 70° C. for 20 min. and then the amount of neutral chemicals for modification is then added to the dispersion. The modification time is from 10-30 min. depending on the amount of material for modification. The technical process of production starts with the division of the components into the precision balance 4 according to the recipes shown in the various implementation of the invention, after this, the precisely measured amounts of raw materials in the quantitative ratios shown in the description of the invention are brought into crusher 5 where they are grinded until the powder is obtained to a granulation of maximum 50 microns. After grinding, the resulting mixture is subjected to drying treatment, i.e. the drying process in standard dryers 6 and then it is put into the mixer 7 where it is subjected to the modification process, i. e. refining by neutral chemicals. The mixer 7 and the pre-seeded mixture are first heated to 70° C., and then the certain amounts of neutral chemicals for modification are added by spraying. The process of modification lasts 10-30 minutes, depending on the amount of modifying material, after which a homogenised powder and it is packed in a natron bags 10, of a weight of 25 kg or in large bags of 11 to 1000 kg, and then it is stored in solid and dry warehouses 9 in accordance with the N615 standard that regulates this area. Filling the powder into the appropriate appliances or other distribution devices transported to the point of fire is carried out in accordance with ISO 7202. This powder is re-sampled and then sent to the laboratory for testing the quality of finished products.

(8) Based on many years of laboratory and practical testing, it was observed that the powder composition, in order to obtain the best results and achieve greater efficiency, should be quantitatively and qualitatively modified, i.e., adapted, depending on its own purpose in fire protection. Based on such testing and experimentation, the inventor has shown several variants in the present invention:

Variant 1

(9) Fire extinguishing agents of class A, B, C, D (solid porous materials, flammable liquids, fuel gases and light metals) is a mixture of the following composition:

(10) TABLE-US-00001 22-35 mas. %  aluminum (three) hydroxide max 50 microns (Al(OH).sub.3— dry hydrate) 7-13 mas. % metallurgical alumina max 50 microns 7-13 mas. % vermiculite max 50 microns 12-17 mas. %  zeolite max 50 microns  3-7 mas. % sepiolite max 50 microns 7-13 mas. % calcium carbonate (CaCO.sub.3) max 50 microns 7-13 mas. % potassium bicarbonate (KHCO.sub.3) max 50 microns 7-13 mas. % talc max 50 microns  2-4 mas. % calcium stearate  max 5 microns  2-4 mas. % polysiloxane  max 5 microns

(11) The process of obtaining the powder according to this variant consists in the following: previously carefully selected starting materials are prepared by precise measuring and accurately measured mass percentages into the crusher, where they are subjected to the “micronizer” process to obtain a granulation up to a size of 50 microns.

(12) The resulting mixture is subjected to heat treatment after grinding, i.e. the drying process in standard dryers and then it is put into the mixer where it is subjected to the modification process, i. e. refining by neutral chemicals. The mixer and the pre-crushed mixture are first heated to 70° C., and then they are then the dosed amounts of neutral chemical for modification is added by spray. The process of modification lasts 10-30 minutes. In this way, homogenized powder was obtained by stirring.

Variant 2

(13) Fire extinguishing agents of class A, B, C, D (solid porous materials, flammable liquids, fuel gases and light metals) are a mixture of the following composition:

(14) TABLE-US-00002 22-35 mas. % aluminum (three) hydroxide max 50 microns (Al(OH).sub.3— dry hydrate) 12-17 mas. % metallurgical alumina max 50 microns 17-25 mas. % vermiculite max 50 microns 17-25 mas. % zeolite max 50 microns  7-13 mas. % talc max 50 microns  2-4 mas. % calcium stearate  max 5 microns  2-4 mas. % polysiloxane  max 5 microns

(15) The process of obtaining the powder according to this variant is the same as in the previously described variant only in the process of obtaining the above-mentioned raw materials are present in pre-calibrated percentage proportions.

Variant 3

(16) Fire extinguishing agents of class A, B, C, D (solid porous materials, flammable liquids, fuel gases and light metals) is a mixture of the following composition:

(17) TABLE-US-00003 22-35 mas. % aluminum (three) hydroxide max 50 microns (Al(OH).sub.3— dry hydrate)  7-13 mas. % metallurgical alumina max 50 microns  7-13 mas. % calcium carbonate (CaCO.sub.3) max 50 microns 13-17 mas. % talc max 50 microns 27-35 mas. % zeolite max 50 microns  2-4 mas. % calcium stearate  max 5 microns  2-4 mas. % polysiloxane  max 5 microns

(18) The process of obtaining the powder according to this variant is the same as in the previously described variant only the above-mentioned raw materials in pre-calibrated mass percentages are present in the process of obtaining.

Variant 4

(19) Fire extinguishing agents of class A, B, C, D (solid porous materials, flammable liquids, fuel gases and light metals) is a mixture of the following composition:

(20) TABLE-US-00004 22-35 mas. % aluminum (three) hydroxide max 50 microns (Al(OH).sub.3— dry hydrate) 25-35 mas. % metallurgical alumina max 50 microns  7-13 mas. % calcium carbonate (CaCO.sub.3) max 50 microns 17-23 mas. % talc max 50 microns  2-4 mas. % calcium stearate  max 5 microns  2-4 mas. % polysiloxane  max 5 microns

(21) The process of obtaining the powder according to this variant is the same as in the previously described variant only the above-mentioned raw materials in pre-calibrated mass percentages are present in the process of obtaining.

Variant 5

(22) Fire extinguishing agents of class A, B, C, D (solid porous materials, flammable liquids, fuel gases and light metals) is a mixture of the following composition:

(23) TABLE-US-00005 33-37 mas. % vermiculite max 50 microns 17-23 mas. % aluminum (three) hydroxide max 50 microns (Al(OH).sub.3— dry hydrate)  7-13 mas. % calcium carbonate (CaCO.sub.3) max 50 microns  7-13 mas. % talc max 50 microns 17-23 mas. % metallurgical alumina max 50 microns  2-4 mas. % calcium stearate  max 5 microns  2-4 mas. % polysiloxane  max 5 microns

(24) The process of obtaining the powder according to this variant is the same as in the previously described variant only the above-mentioned raw materials in pre-calibrated mass percentages are present in the process of obtaining.

Variant 6

(25) Fire extinguishing agents of class A, B, C, D (solid porous materials, flammable liquids, fuel gases and light metals) is a mixture of the following composition:

(26) TABLE-US-00006 33-37 mas. % vermiculite max 50 microns 17-23 mas. % zeolite max 50 microns  7-13 mas. % aluminum (three) hydroxide max 50 microns (Al(OH).sub.3— dry hydrate)  7-13 mas. % talc max 50 microns 17-23 mas. % metallurgical alumina max 50 microns  2-4 mas. % calcium stearate  max 5 microns  2-4 mas. % polysiloxane  max 5 microns

(27) The process of obtaining the powder according to this variant is the same as in the previously described variant only the above-mentioned raw materials in pre-calibrated mass percentages are present in the process of obtaining.

Variant 7

(28) Fire extinguishing agents of class B, C, F and K (flammable liquids, fuel gases, and plant and animal oils and fats) used as an absorbent is a mixture of the following composition:

(29) TABLE-US-00007 33-37 mas. % sepiolite max 50 microns 17-23 mas. % zeolite max 50 microns 17-23 mas. % potassium bicarbonate (KHCO.sub.3) max 50 microns  7-13 mas. % aluminum (three) hydroxide max 50 microns (Al(OH).sub.3— dry hydrate)  7-13 mas. % talc max 50 microns  2-4 mas. % calcium stearate  max 5 microns  2-4 mas. % polysiloxane  max 5 microns

(30) The process of obtaining the powder according to this variant is the same as in the previously described variant only the above-mentioned raw materials in pre-calibrated mass percentages are present in the process of obtaining.

Variant 8

(31) Fire extinguishing agents of class B, C, F and K (flammable liquids, fuel gases, and plant and animal oils and fats) used as an absorbent is a mixture of the following composition:

(32) TABLE-US-00008 47-53 mas. %  sepiolite max 50 microns 13-17 mas. %  zeolite max 50 microns 17-23 mas. %  potassium bicarbonate (KHCO.sub.3) max 50 microns 3-7 mas. % aluminum (three) hydroxide max 50 microns (Al(OH).sub.3— dry hydrate) 3-7 mas. % talc max 50 microns 2-4 mas. % calcium stearate  max 5 microns 2-4 mas. % polysiloxane  max 5 microns

(33) The process of obtaining the powder according to this variant is the same as in the previously described variant only the above-mentioned raw materials in pre-calibrated mass percentages are present in the process of obtaining.

Variant 9

(34) Fire extinguishing agents of class B, C, F and K (flammable liquids, fuel gases, and plant and animal oils and fats) used as an absorbent is a mixture of the following composition:

(35) TABLE-US-00009 43-47 mas. % sepiolite max 50 microns 17-23 mas. % zeolite max 50 microns 17-23 mas. % potassium bicarbonate (KHCO.sub.3) max 50 microns  7-13 mas. % talc max 50 microns  2-4 mas. % calcium stearate  max 5 microns  2-4 mas. % polysiloxane  max 5 microns

(36) The process of obtaining the powder according to this variant is the same as in the previously described variant only the above-mentioned raw materials in pre-calibrated mass percentages are present in the process of obtaining.

(37) The previously described variants and methods of obtaining, fire extinguishing powder was obtained, which successfully solves the defined technical problem, whose distribution to the place of application, or to the place affected by the fire is carried out by various fire extinguishers by powder. These appliances are made of the most suitable steel tin, they are in cylindrical shape and welded construction, and are applied in six sizes depending on the predetermined amount of charge, whereby smaller appliances S-1, S-2 and S-3 are intended for fire extinguishing at motor vehicles, and larger devices S-6, S-9, S-12, S-50 i S-100 are made for fire extinguishing of liquid matters (gasoline, oil-benzene, alcohol, ether, varnish, oil, etc.) and fires on electrical devices and high and low voltage installations. Regardless of the size of the fire extinguisher, by using the powder in question, the range of the jet increases and reaches a maximum of 3 m, and the rest of the powder in the tank, which is not discharged until the end of the continuous discharge, in this case is maximum 10% of the original quantity. In order to allow powder in these fire extinguishers to pass through the pipes and to create a powder cloud, a power device is necessary. As power agents, gases are used under pressure, and those gases are CO.sub.2, N.sub.2 and air, considering that there is the need to have carbon dioxide, CO.sub.2, in hand-held fire extinguishers, while in vehicles and with stable fire extinguishers as a powder-evacuating agent we use nitrogen, N.sub.2 and in very rare occasions, we use air. The mass value of the gas must be indicated on the bottle. Deviation allowed for this weight is not more than ±10% of the indicated value. The standard allows the powder to be under the constant pressure of the pressure gas from 12 to 14 bars. In this case, the pressure value and the discharge area must be visible on the indicator, at a temperature of 20° C.

(38) Especially in the application of the present invention, it is necessary to emphasize that this powder is extremely effective for recovery from catastrophic forest fires. Namely, it is known that these fires are characterized by high spreading speed, so in their extinguishing the most important factors are the time and speed of action. Time, in the sense when the fire is noticed and how much did it spread before that moment, and the speed of the action that prevents further spread of the fire and its extinguishing. In this sense, the inventor for the purpose of extinguishing these fires by the mentioned powder, especially determined the use of military and civil aviation, because this way the speed of action was achieved at the highest possible level. The use of aviation allows the action on inaccessible and remote areas, to which the usual firefighter units have difficult or no access, and in such cases, so this method of fire extinguishing is the most effective. In situations where several simultaneous fires occur and in the conditions of strong winds and storms, only aviation has the necessary movability in the fight against forest fires. By this method of application of the subject invention, a significantly higher efficiency was achieved in the extinguishing of fire compared to any other means or use of similar powders, primarily because of the significantly higher coverage power. This also means that using the pre-dust powder reduces the number of required take-offs, and more significantly, it also achieves significant savings in terms of the means of transport for the engagement of aviation.

(39) Using aviation, according to the invention, a number of other advantages are achieved, such as: fire is attacked quickly before it increases the speed of movement, The fire is attacked in places that are often temporarily unavailable to the firefighters due to the configuration of the terrain, the possibility of significantly of more precise application of a large quantity of extinguishing agent in a short time interval is achieved, greater mobility of action is achieved, whereby the attack on the fire is transferred quickly from place to place, with the aim of hitting the most critical hot spots and calming of fire points.

(40) In order to prove the efficiency of the invention, the inventor gave an example of the use of Martin Mars plane, with a capacity of 27,000 liters of water that can cover an area of 4 hectares. It is known that over 50% of water often does not reach a fire, and the problem of extinguishing on the ground itself is challenging due to the presence of deposits of dry twigs, humus, etc. By using this plane for fire protection purposes, the distribution of the fire extinguishing agent is carried out by using cluster bombs-dispensers, which in this case contain appliances, i.e. patrons of “bombs” weighting, for example, 6 kg (net fire extinguishing powder). Each of these appliances separately sprays the agent and covers an area of 20 m.sup.2. This means that the cluster bomb carrying 4 dispensers of 1 t with this filling covers an area of at least 8 hectares (4000 biodegradable cartridges×6 kg of our ecologically safe biodegradable ABC fire extinguishing powder=24,000 kg, i.e. 4,000×20 m.sup.2=80,000 m.sup.2 or 8 ha) which, compared to the effect of other technical solutions of a similar profile, presents significantly higher efficiency and ability to cover the fire affected terrain with extreme precision. The efficacy of the powder in question is easily noticeable if the following data is taken into account: by using this powder, for example, 24,000 kg i.e. 4,000×20 m.sup.2 the fire protection on 80,000 m.sup.2 or 8 ha is achieved.

(41) In addition, it should be noted that the components of the powder in question are based on completely natural raw materials and meet the strictest ecological conditions, so that after the initial fire extinguishing function, the treated land is enriched and the revitalization of the plants in the burning areas is stimulated. In addition, this powder has a higher cover power and is more efficient compared to similar powders, which means that a smaller amount of powder used can extinguish the larger areas affected by fire.

(42) It should also be emphasized that, in the case of A, B, and C classes of fire, powders based on of ammonium phosphate are used, which cause harmful effects to the environment. Thus, for example, in widely used fire extinguishing powders, there are the following chemicals: sodium sulfate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium phosphate, and others in various mass percentages and ratios where, for example, the monoammonium phosphate makes min. 20% to 96%, and the rest is the most common sodium sulfate, which is proved to have irritating and harmful effects on the mucous membrane, and in addition, it is well-known that phosphates are serious pollutants of the environment, as well as sulfates. On the contrary, using the powder in question, consisting of 85-95% of natural mineral raw material, the process of extinguishing takes place without any harmful consequences and negative relapses of the extinguishing.

INDUSTRIAL AND OTHER INVENTION METHODS OF USE

(43) Industrial or other method of obtaining and applying a fire extinguishing powder according to the present invention is absolutely possible according to the parameters set forth in this description.

(44) Experts from the subject area may, without any problems, carry out the production procedure of the powder in question, using this description, mentioning that it belongs to the type of ecological means that are used without any harmful effects on humans and the surrounding living world.

(45) In accordance with good results of experimental testing, on various materials, the application of the present invention is recommended for extinguishing and preventing fires of A, B, C, D, F or K class. Due to its high efficiency, it is especially recommended to use this agent for extinguishing large fires, that is, to prevent fire from occurring at those sites where there is a high possibility of fire. By combining various measures, by applying the construction of fire protection zones and fireproof barriers in the fire directions, it is possible to use this product according to the invention, especially if it is used with the help of modern means that are now a part of firefighter's equipment, in order to prevent or significantly reduce the consequences of fire. With the use of this agent, according to the invention, it is possible to create an effective fire barrier which completely supplements preventive (controlled) burning or cleaning of surfaces which, as the rule says, have long-lasting harmful effects on the areas where these measures were applied.

(46) The application of the present invention is particularly recommended in accidental situations, especially in cases of catastrophic, large forest fires at those sites where there is a great possibility of fire and where the efficiency of the operation of firefighting units is significantly reduced due to the configuration of terrain, i.e. inaccessibility, and especially in conditions of strong winds and storms fires when the speed of fire extinguishing is important, and in these situations the drone monitoring is used with the use of civil and military aviation with especially remodified cluster bombs and cartridges that are individually sprayed, so that the powder more efficiently covers a significantly higher fire affected areas.