Method for manufacturing a solid-state battery

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for manufacturing a solid-state battery (2) comprising the steps of preparing (100) a cathode (4), preparing (400) an anode (6), and preparing (200) a solid-state electrolyte (8) to be disposed between the cathode (4) and the anode (6), wherein the solid-state electrolyte (8) is prepared by means of a coating process, wherein the coating process comprises PVD coating.

Claims

1. A method for manufacturing a solid-state battery comprising: preparing a cathode, preparing an anode, preparing a solid-state electrolyte to be disposed between the cathode and the anode, wherein the solid-state electrolyte is prepared by means of a coating process, wherein the coating process comprises PVD coating.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the cathode is prepared by a thermal deposition process.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the anode is prepared by a PVD coating process.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises preparing at least one contact layer for improving a contact at least between the cathode and the solid-state electrolyte between the anode and the solid-state electrolyte.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the contact layer is prepared by means of a PVD coating process.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the cathode, the solid-state electrolyte and the anode are prepared one after another.

7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises at least one post-processing stage.

8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises different deposition techniques, combining thin film deposition techniques and thick film deposition techniques, wherein the method comprises at least one of a spray deposition technique or an arc deposition technique or a magnetron sputter deposition technique or a reactive PVD deposition technique or a pulsed laser deposition technique or a hot calendering technique.

9. The solid-state battery produced by a process according to claim 1, comprising: the cathode, the anode, the solid-state electrolyte disposed between the cathode and the anode, wherein the solid-state electrolyte is in the form of a PVD coating structure.

10. The solid-state battery according to claim 9, wherein at least one of the cathode or the anode or the solid-state electrolyte has a multilayer structure.

11. The solid-state battery according to claim 9, wherein the cathode has a layer thickness of between 50 and 100 μm.

12. The solid-state battery according to claim 9, wherein the cathode comprises a lithium compound.

13. The solid state battery according to claim 9, wherein the anode has a layer thickness of between 1 and 10 μm.

14. The solid state battery according to claim 9, wherein the anode comprises at least graphite or lithium or silicon.

15. The solid-state battery according to claim 9, wherein the solid-state electrolyte has a layer thickness of between 1 and 10 μm.

16. The solid-state battery according to claim 9, wherein the solid-state electrolyte is in the form of an oxide.

17. The solid-state battery according to claim 9, wherein at least one contact layer is provided for improving a contact.

18. A motor vehicle comprising a solid-state battery according to claim 9.

19. The method according to claim 6, wherein the cathode, the solid-state electrolyte and the anode each being prepared by an application process, the cathode being applied first, before the solid-state electrolyte is applied on the cathode and the anode is then applied on the solid-state electrolyte.

20. The method according to claim 7, wherein the method comprises at least one post-processing stage, wherein the post-processing stage comprises at least one of the following: a microalloying, a stoichiometric tuning, a microstructural tuning, a metastable phase formation.

Description

[0035] FIG. 1a a first embodiment of a solid-state battery according to the invention,

[0036] FIG. 1b a second embodiment of a solid-state battery according to the invention,

[0037] FIG. 1c a third embodiment of a solid-state battery according to the invention,

[0038] FIG. 1d a fourth embodiment of a solid-state battery according to the invention,

[0039] FIG. 1e a fifth embodiment of a solid-state battery according to the invention,

[0040] FIG. 2 the individual steps of a method according to the invention for manufacturing a solid-state battery in accordance with a first embodiment.

[0041] FIG. 1a shows a first embodiment of a solid-state battery 2 according to the invention which should provide an energy density of about 230 kWh/kg.

[0042] As can be seen from FIG. 1a, solid-state battery 2 according to the invention comprises a cathode 4, an anode 6, and a solid-state electrolyte 8 disposed between the cathode 4 and the anode 6. The solid-state electrolyte 8 hereby is in the form of a PVD coating structure.

[0043] According to the first embodiment, the cathode 4 is made of NMC, in particular of NMC 333, wherein the Anode 6 is made of graphite. The solid-state electrolyte is further made of a Lithium compound according to the first embodiment, in particular made of sulphide-based electrolyte such as LPS. NMC cathode particles may also be coated with the same electrolyte.

[0044] FIG. 1b shows a second embodiment of a solid-state battery 2 according to the invention which should provide an energy density of about 350 kWh/kg.

[0045] According to the second embodiment, the cathode 4 is made of NMC, in particular of NMC 811, wherein the Anode 6 is made of a combination of graphite and silicon. The solid-state electrolyte according to the second embodiment may also be made of a Lithium compound.

[0046] FIG. 1c shows a third embodiment of a solid-state battery 2 according to the invention which should provide an energy density of about 500 kWh/kg.

[0047] According to the third embodiment, the cathode 4 is made of NMC 811, wherein the Anode 6 is made of 3D-Lithium anode. The solid-state electrolyte according to the third embodiment thereby may also be made of a Lithium compound.

[0048] FIG. 1d shows a fourth embodiment of a solid-state battery 2 according to the invention which should provide an energy density of about 200 kWh/kg.

[0049] According to the fourth embodiment, the cathode 4 is made of NMC 811, wherein the Anode 6 is made of 3D-Lithium anode. The solid-state electrolyte according to the fourth embodiment thereby is also made of a Lithium compound, in particular of LLZO.

[0050] FIG. 1e shows a fifth embodiment of a solid-state battery 2 according to the invention which should provide an energy density of about 200 kWh/kg.

[0051] According to the fifth embodiment, the cathode 4 is made of NMC 811, wherein the Anode 6 is made of graphite. The solid-state electrolyte according to the fifth embodiment thereby is made of LLZO as well.

[0052] The cathode 4 and/or the anode 6 and/or the solid-state electrolyte 8 may be prepared in form of a multilayer structure, wherein the cathode 4 may have a layer thickness of between 50 and 100 μm, preferably between 70 and 90 μm.

[0053] However, the anode 6 may have a smaller layer thickness of between 1 and 10 μm, preferably between 5 and 7 μm

[0054] Furthermore, the solid-state electrolyte 8 may have a smaller layer thickness of between 1 and 10 μm, preferably between 3 and 5 μm.

[0055] What is not apparent from the illustrations in FIGS. 1a to 1e is that, in addition to the anode 4, cathode 6 and solid-state electrolyte 8, at least one contact layer 10 may also be provided for improving a contact between the electrodes 4, 6 and the solid-state electrolyte 8.

[0056] FIG. 2 shows the individual steps of a method according to the invention for manufacturing a solid-state battery 2 in accordance with a first embodiment.

[0057] As can be seen from FIG. 2, the method according to the invention method according to the invention comprises the steps of preparing 100 a cathode 4, preparing 400 an anode 6, and preparing 200 a solid-state electrolyte 8 to be disposed between the cathode 4 and the anode 6, wherein the solid-state electrolyte 8 is prepared by means of a coating process, wherein the coating process comprises PVD coating.

[0058] As can be seen from FIG. 2, the cathode 4, the solid-state electrolyte 8 and the anode 6 are prepared one after another, wherein the cathode 4, the solid-state electrolyte 8 and the anode 6 preferably each being prepared by means of an application process, wherein the cathode 4 is applied first, before the solid-state electrolyte 8 is applied on the cathode 4 and the anode 6 is then applied on the solid-state electrolyte 8.

[0059] Prior to the last step of applying the anode on the solid-state electrolyte 8, a post-processing step 300 takes place, wherein the post-processing step 300 may comprise a microalloying and/or a stoichiometric tuning and/or a microstructural tuning and/or a metastable phase formation.

[0060] The above explanation of the embodiments describes the present invention exclusively in the context of examples. Of course, individual features of the embodiments can be freely combined with each other, provided that this is technically sensible, without leaving the scope of the present invention.

LIST OF REFERENCE SIGNS

[0061] 2 Solid-state battery [0062] 4 Cathode [0063] 6 Anode [0064] 8 Solid-state electrolyte [0065] 10 Contact layer [0066] 100 Preparing a cathode [0067] 200 Preparing a solid-state electrolyte [0068] 300 Postprocessing [0069] 400 Preparing an anode