Abstract
A medical, motor-operated or hand-operated or operable instrument includes a number of bearings for supporting a shaft for applying torque to a tool, of which bearings at least two selected or selectable bearings form a bearing pair. A distance sleeve axially spaces apart the bearings of the bearing pair. The instrument includes a component located at least partly radially inside the distance sleeve. The component is or can be rotationally coupled to at least one of the two bearings to rotate together with a rotating part of the at least one of the two bearings, or to form a rotating part of the at least one of the two bearings. At least one permanent magnet is fastened or formed on or in the component. A coil is arranged on or in the distance sleeve.
Claims
1-14. (canceled)
15. A medical instrument that is motor-operated or hand-operated, the medical instrument comprising: a plurality of bearings for supporting a shank or shaft for applying torque to a tool; a distance sleeve; a component lying at least partly radially inside the distance sleeve; at least one permanent magnet attached to or configured in the component; and a coil disposed on or in the distance sleeve, at least two of the plurality of bearings forming a pair of bearings comprising a first bearing and a second bearing, the distance sleeve axially spacing the first bearing and the second bearing, the component being tubular and rotatably coupled or coupleable with at least one of the first bearing and the second bearing in such a way that the component co-rotates with a respective rotating part of said at least one of the first bearing and the second bearing or to form a rotating part of said at least one of the first bearing and the second bearing.
16. The medical instrument according to claim 15, wherein the first bearing and the second bearing are roller bearings, and the component is a common part of ball cages of the first bearing and the second bearing, which couples the ball cages of the first bearing and the second bearing to each other in a rotationally fixed manner.
17. The medical instrument according to claim 16, wherein the roller bearings are ball bearings.
18. The medical instrument according to claim 15, wherein the component is a shaft portion of the tool.
19. The medical instrument according to claim 15, wherein the first bearing and the second bearing are roller bearings and the component is a common part of inner rings of the first bearing and the second bearing, which couples the inner rings of the first bearing and the second bearing in a rotationally fixed manner.
20. The medical instrument according to claim 19, wherein the component forms a cylindrical portion.
21. The medical instrument according to claim 15, wherein the medical instrument is a hand instrument having a handpiece or gripping section.
22. The medical instrument according to claim 21, wherein the handpiece or gripping section accommodates a motor which is rotationally coupled or rotationally couplable to the shank or shaft for torque transmission to the tool, wherein the first bearing and the second bearing as well as the distance sleeve are arranged in an instrument elongation shaft which is coupled or couplable to the handpiece or gripping section.
23. The medical instrument according to claim 22 further comprising a coupling that is manually-operable and coupleable to the motor, wherein the instrument elongation shaft is coupleable to the handpiece or gripping section with the coupling, and the shaft is coupleable to the motor with the coupling.
24. The medical instrument according to claim 23, wherein the instrument elongation shaft is mechanically and/or electrically connectable to the handpiece or gripping section with the coupling.
25. The medical instrument according to claim 23, wherein the handpiece or gripping section has a first distal end portion at which the coupling is arranged, wherein a tool receptacle is arranged at a second distal end portion of the instrument elongation shaft.
26. The medical instrument according to claim 15, wherein the first bearing and the second bearing including at least the distance sleeve and the component forms a separate unit for mounting into the medical instrument.
27. The medical instrument according to claim 15, wherein the distance sleeve is an integral part of the medical instrument.
28. The medical instrument according to claim 15, wherein the coil is meander-shaped or spiral-shaped and, viewed in a radial direction of the distance sleeve, is single-layered or multilayered.
29. The medical instrument according to claim 15, wherein: the component comprises an outer jacket surface and a plurality of recesses on the outer jacket surface, the at least one permanent magnet comprises a plurality of permanent magnets that correspond in number to the plurality of recesses, and the plurality of permanent magnets are insertable into the plurality of recesses.
30. The medical instrument according to claim 15, wherein at least the distance sleeve has radially inner signal lines electrically connected to the coil and radially outer signal lines coupled via electrical couplings to signal lines in the bearings so as to conduct electrical signals from the coil proximally along the medical instrument.
Description
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0092] The disclosure is explained hereinafter with the aid of drawings. The following is shown:
[0093] FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a medical instrument/handpiece with instrument elongation shaft;
[0094] FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of the instrument elongation shaft;
[0095] FIG. 3 shows a schematic representation of a ball bearing;
[0096] FIG. 4 shows a schematic representation of a component as a pipe/ball cage with permanent magnets according to a first preferred configuration example of the disclosure;
[0097] FIG. 5 shows a schematic representation of a component/ball cage with permanent magnets positioned between ball bearings;
[0098] FIG. 6 shows a schematic representation of a part of an instrument elongation shaft with integrated coil;
[0099] FIG. 7 shows a schematic representation as a longitudinal section of a part of the distance sleeve with integrated coil;
[0100] FIG. 8 shows a schematic partial representation of a component (ball cage) arranged in an instrument elongation shaft, in particular a distance sleeve with coil;
[0101] FIG. 9 shows a schematic open representation of a component (ball cage) arranged in a distance sleeve with coil;
[0102] FIG. 10 shows a schematic representation with handpieces and different numbers of distance sleeves (within instrument elongation shafts of different lengths);
[0103] FIG. 11 shows a schematic representation of a ball bearing with signal lines;
[0104] FIG. 12 shows a schematic representation of a distance sleeve with signal lines;
[0105] FIG. 13 shows a schematic representation of different attachments as adapters;
[0106] FIG. 14 shows a schematic representation of a component as a tool with permanent magnets according to a second preferred configuration example of the disclosure; and
[0107] FIG. 15 shows a schematic representation of a component as an inner ring of a ball bearing with permanent magnet according to a third preferred configuration example of the disclosure.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0108] The figures are merely schematic nature and are intended solely for the purpose of understanding the invention. Identical elements are provided with the same reference signs. The features of the individual embodiments can be interchanged.
[0109] In addition, spatially relative terms, such as ‘located below’, ‘below’, ‘lower’, ‘located above’, ‘upper’, ‘on the left’, ‘left’, ‘on the right’, ‘right’ and the like, may be used herein to simply describe the relationship of an element or structure to one or more other elements or structures shown in the figures. The spatially relative terms are intended to include other orientations of the structural element in use or operation in addition to the orientation shown in the figures. The structural element may be oriented differently (rotated by 90 degrees or in a different orientation), and the spatially relative descriptors used herein may likewise be interpreted accordingly.
[0110] The medical instrument, the instrument elongation shaft, the distance sleeve and the ball bearing together with the component/ball cages connecting them are now described with reference to several preferred configuration examples.
[0111] FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a medical instrument 1 with a hand/gripping section 2 and an instrument elongation shaft (or simply instrument shaft) 3 having a distal end. The instrument elongation shaft 3 has a receptacle 4 at the distal end for a tool 17 (drilling/milling tool), which is coupled via a driveshaft/rod not further shown within the instrument elongation shaft 3 to a drive (motor) not further shown within the handpiece 2 to transmit torque from the drive to the tool 17. This construction is part of the general prior art of the applicant and therefore requires no further explanation here.
[0112] Furthermore, the handpiece 2 has a proximal terminal for a power supply, for example a power connection 5, via which the drive (motor) inside the handpiece 2 can be supplied with energy. It should be noted at this point that the proximal terminal shown may also be an interface for a battery.
[0113] As can also be seen from FIG. 1, there is a manually-operable coupling 2a between the handpiece 2 and the instrument elongation shaft 3 for optional mechanical and, if required, electrical connection of the instrument elongation shaft 3 to the handpiece 2. However, it is also possible that the instrument elongation shaft 3 is a fixed component of the handpiece 2 and therefore cannot be disassembled.
[0114] FIG. 2 shows a schematic, longitudinal, sectionally-opened representation of the instrument elongation shaft 3.
[0115] In this configuration example, the instrument elongation shaft 3 has a radial outer jacket 3a of the elongation shaft 3, at the distal end portion of which, the tool receptacle 4 is configured or fixed. On the inner side of the outer jacket 3a of the elongation shaft 3, an (electrical) inner insulation sheath 3b of the elongation shaft 3 is preferably inserted. However, it is also possible for the inner components to be inserted into the instrument elongation shaft 3 without an inner insulation sheath 3b of the elongation shaft 3.
[0116] Multiple pairs of ball bearings 6 are arranged along the instrument elongation shaft 3 and are spaced apart from each other in the axial direction of the instrument elongation shaft 3 so that the drive shaft, which is not shown further, or a tool 17 connected to the shaft can be rotatably mounted in the instrument elongation shaft 3 accordingly or a rotational force (torque) can be transmitted from the motor of the medical instrument 1 to the tool 17 via the shaft.
[0117] Each pair of ball bearings 6, preferably at least the distally located pair of ball bearings 6, has two selected, axially spaced, individual ball bearings 6a, 6b and a distance sleeve 6c axially between the two selected individual ball bearings 6a, 6b. Each thus defined selected pair of ball bearings 6 of the above concept is thereby axially immovably inserted into the instrument elongation shaft 3, preferably into the inner insulation sheath of the elongation shaft 3b.
[0118] FIG. 3 shows a schematic representation of such an individual ball bearing 6a, 6b. Each individual ball bearing 6a, 6b of the same pair of ball bearings 6 preferably has balls 7 as rolling elements, wherein other rolling element shapes may of course also be provided. The individual ball bearing (hereinafter simply referred to as ball bearing) 6a, 6b further has an inner ring 8 and an outer ring 9 between which the balls 7 are supported. The balls 7 are held at a distance in the circumferential direction by a ball cage 10.
[0119] The ball cage 10 of each ball bearing 6a, 6b of a pair of ball bearings 6 is shown schematically in FIG. 4.
[0120] Accordingly, each ball cage 10 forms circumferentially spaced, axially extending projections/teeth between which pocket-shaped ball receptacles are formed in which the balls 7 are individually inserted. In this preferred configuration example, the ball cages 10 of the paired ball bearings 6a, 6b are fixedly connected to each other via a cylindrical portion 11 to form a single, common cage component or pipe 18.
[0121] The pipe 18 shown in FIG. 4 therefore has at least the cylindrical portion 11, on the axial front sides of which the ball cages 10 of the two axially spaced ball bearings 6a, 6b of the one pair of ball bearings 6 are fixedly arranged. The cylindrical portion 11 additionally has at least one, preferably multiple, circumferentially spaced permanent magnets 12 on its outer circumference near the one ball cage 10. The ball cages 10 may be configured together with the cylindrical portion 11 as a single piece or may be fixedly connected thereto as separate components. Each, preferably strip-shaped, permanent magnet 12 also extends from just the one ball cage 10 in the axial direction approximately up to the axial center of the cylindrical portion 11.
[0122] At this point, it should be noted for better understanding that at least the axial dimensioning of the pipe 18 according to FIG. 4 may be unrealistic and serves only for illustration purposes. Rather, in particular the cylindrical portion 11 between two arbitrarily selected ball bearings 6a, 6b coupled to form a pair may in reality also be significantly shorter or longer, as shown in FIG. 2 by the distance sleeves 6c of different lengths. In particular, it should be noted in this context that according to the disclosure, the ball bearing 6b arranged on the distal instrument elongation shaft 3 in FIG. 2 may also be coupled with the ball bearing 6a adjoining it in the proximal direction to form a pair of ball bearings 6. I.e., in accordance with the disclosure, the pair of ball bearings 6 is generally understood to be a pair of axially adjacent ball bearings, so that the pipe 18 and in particular the cylindrical portion 11, as mentioned above, may vary in its axial extension. Thus, the longer distance sleeve 6c in FIG. 2 may also be used for the coil 13.
[0123] FIG. 5 shows a schematic representation of the pipe 18 with permanent magnet 12 positioned between the ball bearings 6a, 6b of the one pair of ball bearings 6. Accordingly, the axial projections/teeth of each ball cage 10 engage between the balls 7 of the two ball bearings 6a, 6b so that the ball cages 10 are rotatable together with the balls 7 along the circumference between the inner ring 8 and the outer ring 9. Furthermore, the pipe 18 may be arranged between the ball bearings 6a, 6b of the one pair of ball bearings 6 such that it is not axially displaceable. Finally, it can be seen from FIG. 5 that preferably two permanent magnets 12 are provided, which in this case are positioned diametrically to each other on the cylindrical portion 11 of the pipe 18. The permanent magnets 12 are inserted into a recess 11a on the outer jacket surface of the cylindrical portion 11 (as shown in FIG. 6), such that the permanent magnets 12 project beyond the jacket surface and thus configure a radially projecting step 12a around the permanent magnet 12. However, the permanent magnets 12 may also be flush with the outer jacket surface of the cylindrical portion 11.
[0124] FIGS. 6 and 7 show a schematic representation of a part of the distance sleeve 6c with integrated coil 13.
[0125] In this preferred configuration example, the (longitudinally slotted) distance sleeve 6c is configured separately from the instrument elongation shaft 3 and keeps the two ball bearings 6a, 6b at an axial distance from each other. For this purpose, the distance sleeve 6c preferably rests on the mutually facing front sides of the outer rings 9 of the two ball bearings 6a, 6b of the same pair of ball bearings 6 and thus surrounds the cylindrical portion 11 of the pipe 18 radially on the outside (see in particular FIG. 9).
[0126] Starting from (only) one front side, the distance sleeve 6c is provided over an axial length to approximately its axial center with a radial hollow-turned part/bulge 6d on its inner jacket surface, into/at which the coil 13 is inserted, which is configured in a meandering or spiral shape. The coil 13 may thus make up at least half of the inner circumference of the distance sleeve 6c. Furthermore, the coil may be arranged along the inner diameter circumference of the instrument elongation shaft 3. The radial bulge 6d is dimensioned in such a way that (as shown in particular in FIG. 9) the possibly radially projecting permanent magnets 12 can be accommodated therein without contact.
[0127] Furthermore, a number of signal lines 14 and inner contacts 15 connected thereto are arranged/configured on the radially inner jacket surface of the distance sleeve 6c in an axial section axially adjacent to the coil 13. In particular, the signal lines 14 are arranged largely in the longitudinal direction of the distance sleeve 6c such that they are (electrically) connected to the coil 13 at an axial location. The inner contacts 15 are thereby preferably in (electrical) contact with radially outer, axially extending signal lines 14 of the distance sleeve 6c via radial through-holes/through-lines as well as via radial outer contacts 16 (see in particular also FIG. 12).
[0128] FIG. 8 shows a schematic partial view of the pipe 18 arranged in the distance sleeve 6c with coil 13. Here, the cylindrical portion 11 is seen, which has the aforementioned recesses 11 a containing the permanent magnets 12, each of which has a north pole and south pole oriented in the radial direction and which are shown by different layers, respectively. The north and south poles of the respective permanent magnets 12 face each other on the cylindrical portion 11 in the radial direction, wherein the corresponding north poles or the corresponding south poles face radially outward. The arrangement of the north and south poles is as follows for two permanent magnets 12:
[0129] If north is radially outward for the upper permanent magnet in FIG. 8, then south is radially outward for the lower permanent magnet. On the radial inner side of the distance sleeve 6c, north and south are therefore opposite each other. Thus, the field lines can form according to the principle of a current generator.
[0130] On an outer circumference of the distance sleeve 6c, the signal lines 14, which in FIG. 7 are also arranged on an inner side of the distance sleeve 6c in the longitudinal direction, extend axially further, as can be seen in FIG. 8.
[0131] FIG. 9 shows a schematic open representation of the pipe 18 as a component (rotor of the generator) arranged in the distance sleeve 6c with coil 13. Accordingly, the selected pair of ball bearings 6 together with pipe 18 is combined to form a type of unit/cartridge which is inserted in a closed manner into the instrument elongation shaft 3. At this point it should be noted that the instrument elongation shaft is only a preferred installation location of the pair of ball bearings, wherein this may also be arranged at other locations, for example within a housing of the handpiece 2.
[0132] Furthermore, instrument elongation shafts 3 of different lengths may be provided. FIG. 10 shows a schematic representation of medical handpieces 2 with instrument elongation shafts 3 of different lengths. Within the different elongation shafts, a different number of longitudinally spaced spacers 6c may also be arranged with different lengths, which radially surround the respective component (ball cage).
[0133] FIG. 11 shows a schematic representation of a ball bearing 6a/6b of a selected pair of ball bearings 6 with signal lines 14, as described above, which are inserted into the radially-outer outer ring 9. As can be clearly seen from FIG. 11, the signal lines 14 form axially projecting contact pins at least on one, preferably from both front sides of the radially-outer outer ring 9, said contact pins engaging in corresponding axial bushings in the distance sleeve 6c during assembly of a selected pair of ball bearings 6 and thus establishing an electrical contact closure between the signal lines 14 in the distance sleeve 6c and the signal lines 14 in the radially-outer outer ring 9.
[0134] FIG. 12 shows a schematic representation of an instrument elongation shaft 3 with radially outer signal lines 14, as also described above. Accordingly, the signal lines 14 extend from the distal pair of ball bearings 6 into the handpiece 2, wherein the signal lines in the radially-outer outer ring of all ball bearings and the signal lines of all distance sleeves electrically couple according to the above bushing-pin principle. Furthermore, FIG. 12 shows the aforementioned contact points 16 on a selected distance sleeve 6c, which are connected to the radially inner contact points 15 via radial contacts. In this way, the radially inner signal lines of the selected distance sleeve 6c are electrically connected to its radially outer signal lines.
[0135] Furthermore, FIG. 13 shows a schematic representation of different tools or attachments 17 as adapters. From top to bottom, the left side shows a keyless 3-jaw drill adapter, a 3-jaw drill adapter (0.5-7.4 mm), an AO small drill adapter, a small 3-jaw drill adapter, a crib wire adapter, a Hudson/Zimmer milling adapter. From top to bottom, the right side shows a large AO medullary drill adapter, a small AO drill adapter, a hexagonal drill adapter, a Hudson/Zimmer drill adapter, a 3-jaw milling adapter (0.5-7.4 mm), a large AO milling adapter and a Harris milling adapter.
[0136] FIG. 14 shows a schematic representation of a medical instrument and in particular of an instrument elongation shaft 3 according to a second preferred configuration example of the disclosure with a component in the form of the tool 17 itself, i.e. that in this case the pipe 18 according to the first preferred configuration example is replaced by the shaft of the tool 17. For this purpose, the tool 17 has a distal effector portion 20, which is connected to a proximal coupling portion 19 of the tool 17 via a cylindrical shaft portion 11 insertable into the elongation shaft 3, via which the tool 17 can be coupled in an axially and rotationally fixed manner to the (not shown in more detail) driveshaft 21 within the instrument elongation shaft 3. The cylindrical portion 11 of the tool 17 has the permanent magnets 12 which are provided for inducing a current into the coil 13 of the at least one distance sleeve 6c shown in half section in FIG. 14, which is provided in the shaft portion immediately proximal to the tool receptacle 4 and radially surrounding the tool shaft. The cylindrical portion 11 of the tool 17 can be arranged between the ball bearings 6a, 6b of the in this case distal pair of ball bearings 6 in such a way that in particular the electrical induction effect described above between the tool 17 and the distance sleeve 6c is utilized for harvesting electrical energy. The cylindrical portion 11 of the tool 17 is seamlessly connected to the coupling portion 19 on one axial side and the effector portion 20 on the other axial side. The permanent magnets 12 inserted in the cylindrical portion 11 of the tool 17 are rotated clockwise or counterclockwise, creating a variable magnetic field during the rotation of the tool 17 that generates a current in the coil 13. This is a simple way to generate/harvest energy. This principle applies to each of the components described herein.
[0137] FIG. 15 shows a schematic representation of an inner ring 8 of a pair of ball bearings 6 according to a further preferred configuration example of the disclosure as the component with permanent magnet 12. Here, the inner ring 8 can be firmly connected to the driveshaft within the instrument elongation shaft 3 or the medical instrument 1, or the tool 17 itself. Thus, a torque transmitted via the driveshaft 21 can be completely absorbed by the inner ring 8. This allows energy to be generated/harvested effectively.
