Abstract
A roof mesh installation apparatus for a mining machine includes a mesh roll carried at a dispenser at a forward position of the machine capable of unrolling mesh to be laid and bolted at a tunnel roof. A tensioning device positioned at the dispenser is capable of actuation so as to apply a pre-tension to a forward and unbolted section of mesh with the tension being applied against an already laid and rearward bolted mesh section. Accordingly, an automated roof mesh installation apparatus and method is provided.
Claims
1. A roof mesh installation apparatus for a mining machine comprising: a dispenser arranged to mount a roll of mesh ready for unrolling and securement against a roof by bolting; a tensioning device having a mesh engaging portion, the tensioning device being movable between a first position wherein the mesh engaging portion penetrates into or through an open structure of the mesh so as to lock the tensioning device to the mesh and a second position wherein a forward and unbolted section of the mesh is tensioned against a rearward and already bolted section of the mesh by forward and/or upward movement of the tensioning device prior to bolting, the tensioning device being selected from a wheel, drum or roll; and at least one mechanical actuator mounted at the machine configured to provide the forward and/or upward movement of the tensioning device.
2. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mesh engaging portion includes teeth, a prong, a fork or fingers configured to penetrate into or through the open structure of the mesh.
3. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the dispenser includes a support frame arranged to support the roll and the at least one mechanical actuator to provide a raising and lowering of the support frame.
4. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, further comprising at least one primary roof support member arranged to be raised to press against the roof as a temporary roof support.
5. The apparatus as claimed in claim 4, further comprising at least one secondary roof support member positioned in a lengthwise direction of the mining machine arranged rearward of the at least one primary roof support member, the at least one secondary roof support member being arranged to be raised to press against the roof as a temporary roof support.
6. The apparatus as claimed in claim 4, wherein the roll is mounted below the at least one primary roof support member so as to be at least partially shielded from the roof by the at least one primary roof support member.
7. The apparatus as claimed in claim 5, wherein the roll is mountable in a lengthwise direction of the mining machine and below the at least one primary roof support member so as to be capable of unrolling and extending upwardly towards the roof and between the at least one primary and the at least one secondary roof support members in the lengthwise direction of the mining machine.
8. The apparatus as claimed in claim 3, wherein the at least one primary roof support member is connected to the support frame and configured to be raised and lowered by the mechanical actuator.
9. The apparatus as claimed in claim 8, wherein the mechanical actuator includes a plurality of linear mechanical actuators configured for linear extension and retraction.
10. The apparatus as claimed in claim 5, wherein the at least one secondary roof support member is mounted at the dispenser via at least one mechanical actuator to be configured for independent raising and lowering relative to the at least one primary roof support member.
11. The apparatus as claimed in claim 5, wherein the tensioning device is mounted at the dispenser via the at least one mechanical actuator so as to be independently movable relative to the support frame, the at least one primary roof support member and/or the at least one secondary roof support member.
12. The apparatus as claimed in claim 11, wherein the mechanical actuator includes a linear mechanical actuator capable of linear extension and retraction.
13. A mobile mining machine comprising: a chassis, endless tracks and a motor arranged to propel the machine over a floor or ground; at least one bolting unit moveably mounted at the machine to insert bolts through unrolled mesh at the roof; and a roof mesh installation apparatus as claimed in claim 1.
14. The mobile mining machine as claimed in claim 13, wherein the mining machine is a cutting machine having a cutting head mounted at a forward end of the machine.
15. The machine as claimed in claim 14, further comprising at least a pair of bolting units.
16. A roof mesh installation apparatus for a mining machine comprising: a dispenser arranged to mount a roll of mesh ready for unrolling and securement against a roof by bolting; a tensioning device having a mesh engaging portion, the tensioning device being movable between a first position wherein the mesh engaging portion penetrates into or through an open structure of the mesh so as to lock the tensioning device to the mesh and a second position wherein a forward and unbolted section of the mesh is tensioned against a rearward and already bolted section of the mesh by forward and/or upward movement of the tensioning device prior to bolting, the tensioning device being selected from a wheel, drum or roll; at least one mechanical actuator mounted at the machine configured to provide the forward and/or upward movement of the tensioning device; and at least one primary roof support member arranged to be raised to press against the roof as a temporary roof support, wherein the roll is mounted below the at least one primary roof support member.
Description
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
(1) A specific implementation of the present invention will now be described, by way of example only, and with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
(2) FIG. 1 is a side elevation view of a mobile mining machine having a roof mesh installation apparatus according to a specific implementation of the present invention;
(3) FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the mining machine of FIG. 1;
(4) FIG. 3 is a further perspective view of a forward end of the mining machine of FIG. 2;
(5) FIG. 4 is a plan view of the forward end of the mining machine of FIG. 3;
(6) FIG. 5 is an underside perspective view of the forward end of the mining machine of FIG. 4 according to the specific implementation of the present invention;
(7) FIG. 6 is an underside perspective view of the forward end of a mining machine according to a further embodiment of the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION
(8) Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, a mobile mining machine 10 comprises a pair of endless tracks 12 mounted at a chassis or mainframe 13 capable of moving the machine 10 over the ground or a floor of an underground tunnel and the like. A motor (not shown) is mounted at mainframe 13 and is configured to drive tracks 12 according to conventional machine arrangements. A rotatable cutting head 11a is mounted at a pivoting boom arm 11b and is capable of being raised and lowered to abrade the rock both as the machine 10 is advanced forward and cutting head 11a is raised and lowered.
(9) A roof mesh installation apparatus 14 is mounted at a forward end of machine 10 and is configured to provide both a temporary support to a roof section newly created by cutting head 11b and to provide a substantially permanent roof support in the form of a bolted mesh installed at the roof. Mesh installation apparatus 14 comprises a dispenser 15 that positionally supports a mesh roll 17 in close proximity to the roof such that the mesh, when unrolled from roll 17, is capable of being laid against the roof as illustrated generally by reference 18. Dispenser 15 comprises a plurality of mechanical actuators preferably in the form of hydraulic linear actuators 21a, 21b, 21c configured to provide a raising and lowering and optionally a forward and rearward displacement of the upper components of the dispenser 15 relative to the roof. Dispenser 15 further comprises a frame illustrated generally as reference 26 (referring to FIG. 5) to provide a means of supporting mesh roll 17 in a position ready for unrolling at the roof. Frame 26 further supports a series of primary roof support members 19 that extend widthwise across the mining machine 10 between respective lateral sides of the machine 10. Roof support members 19 are formed as a series of pads having generally planar upward facing contact surfaces 28 which are capable of being pressed to sit against the roof via actuation of actuators 21a. Machine 10 further comprises at least one secondary roof support member 20 positioned in the lengthwise direction rearward of the primary roof support members 19 referring to FIGS. 3 and 4. Accordingly, a gap region 29 is provided between the primary and secondary roof support members 19, 20 in a lengthwise direction of the mining machine 10 relative to the forwardmost cutting head 11a and a rearwardmost machine end 30. Secondary roof support member 20 similarly comprises a planar upward facing contact surface 31 configured to be pressed against the roof via actuation of linear actuators 21c and 21b. According to the specific implementation, the forward and rearward roof support members 19, 20 provide an active temporary roof support system (TRS) to support and stabilise newly cut portions of roof prior to installation of the roof mesh. Advantageously, the active TRS 19, 20 is positioned immediately behind cutting head 11a so as to minimise the surface area of unsupported roof and accordingly reduce the risk of roof collapse or sagging. In particular, forwardmost ends of the primary roof support members 19 are positioned in the lengthwise direction of the mining machine 10 directly over at least a rearward portion of the cutting head 11a and/or a forwardmost end of boom arm 11b.
(10) Linear actuators 21a, 21c are aligned to extend in the upward direction having first lower ends mounted indirectly at machine mainframe 13 and respective second upper ends connected to dispenser support frame 26, primary roof support members 19 and/or secondary roof support member 20. Additionally, a set of linear actuators 21b are aligned to extend generally in a horizontal plane (in the lengthwise direction of the machine 10) between the forward and rearward primary and secondary roof support members 19, 20. Such a configuration is advantageous to provide independent roof adjustment of the primary and secondary support members 19, 20 so as to maximise the effect of the active TRS to support the newly created roof area. Additionally, the actuators 21b may be adapted to provide adjustment of the separation distance between the members 19, 20 and accordingly variation of the length of the gap region 29. The different sets of linear actuators 21a, 21b, 21c extend widthwise across machine 10 so as to positionally support the primary and secondary support members 19, 20 (also extending widthwise across the machine 10 between its lateral sides). The active TRS is accordingly capable of being raised and lowered and to some extent pivoted forward and rearward relative to machine mainframe 13 as a unitary assembly in addition to some independent movement between the primary and secondary support members 19, 20 as mentioned.
(11) Mining machine 10 further comprises a set of bolting units 22 preferably mounted at or towards each of the lateral sides of the machine 10. Only a single bolting unit is illustrated in FIG. 1 and the units 22 are not shown in FIGS. 2 to 4 for illustrative purposes. As will be appreciated, the bolting units 22 are mounted at the machine 10 via a series of actuators so as to be capable of being raised and lowered relative to the roof to deliver roof support bolts into the roof at predetermined lengthwise intervals. Referring to FIG. 2, bolting units 22 are configured to install roof bolts 32 across the width of the machine 10 to create widthwise extending rows of bolts 32 separated from one another in the lengthwise direction of machine 10 as is conventional in the art. Bolts 32 are installed in position by units 22 as the mesh sheeting 18 is unrolled and the machine 10 is advanced forward. Accordingly, at a given roof installation time period a rearward section 34 of the mesh 18 is securely affixed to the roof via the rows of bolts 32 whilst a forward section 33 of the mesh 18 is newly unrolled and is unbolted ready for securing in position by the units 22. As illustrated in FIG. 3, machine 10 further comprises an upper region 35 to store mesh rolls 17 ready for mounting in position ready for dispensing against the tunnel roof. Machine 10 further comprises a tensioning device illustrated generally by reference 16 having a mesh engaging portion 25 referring to FIGS. 3 and 5 or portion 16a referring to FIG. 6. Referring to FIG. 4, and according to the specific implementation machine 10 comprises a plurality of tensioning devices 16 in the form of two drums 24 (or wheels) positioned towards the lateral sides of the machine 10 and in lengthwise direction between the primary and secondary roof support members 19, 20. According to further specific implementations, machine 10 may comprise a single tensioning device extending widthwise across the machine 10 as an elongate cylinder or a plurality of discreet tensioning devices 16 (arranged at the same lengthwise region of the machine 10) and extending widthwise across the machine 10 as a seemingly unitary tensioning device capable of being applied to the mesh as a collective unit. According to the specific implementation, each tensioning device 16 formed as a drum 24 is provided with a mesh engaging portion 25 in the form of raised teeth that project radially outward from the otherwise cylindrical drum 24. Teeth 25 are distributed in a circumferential direction around drum 24 and project radially via an appropriate length so as to be capable of engaging into and through holes 27 within the mesh 18 (as defined by the lengthwise and widthwise extending webbing of the mesh body). According to the specific implementation, each tensioning device 16 is mounted at the dispenser 15 via at least one respective actuator 23 in the form of a hydraulic linear actuator having a first end mounted at or towards support frame 26 (referring to FIG. 5) and a second end connected to drum 24. Accordingly, each tensioning device 16 is capable of being raised and lowered and moved forward and rearward via each actuator 23. Accordingly, each tensioning device 16 whilst being mounted at the dispenser 15, is capable of independent movement relative to the dispenser frame 26 and optionally the primary and secondary roof support members 19, via each independent linear actuator 23. As will be appreciated, each tensioning device 16 may be mounted at the dispenser 15 via respective single or multiple actuators and movement mechanisms so as to provide positional adjustment of each tensioning device 16 relative to other components of the mining machine 10 including in particular mainframe 13 and the selected components of the roof mesh installation apparatus as indicated above.
(12) As illustrated in FIG. 5, the dispenser 15 is configured, via support frame 26 and associated components, to mount the mesh roll 17 at a position immediately below the primary roof support members 19 so as to shield the roll 17 from rock and fines falling from the roof. As will be noted, it is important that the open structure of the mesh does not become obstructed that would otherwise prevent the tensioning device 16 (and in particular engaging portion 25) from penetrating the mesh and in turn the positional coupling of the tensioning device 16 and the mesh 18 to impart the pre-tension prior to mesh bolting. The mounting of the roll 17 under the plate-like members 19 also ensures the mesh 18 is capable of unrolling freely which is important for uninterrupted and efficient forward advancement via an automated or semi-automated roof mesh installation process.
(13) FIG. 6 illustrates a further embodiment of the subject invention in which the tensioning device 16 is formed as a sled having upwardly projecting fingers 16a. Each of the fingers 16a comprise a sufficient length to engage into and penetrate mesh 18 by insertion into the open structure represented by holes 27 as described with reference to the embodiment of FIGS. 3 and 5.
(14) Referring to the embodiments of FIGS. 1 to 6 and in use, the rotatable cutting head 11a is forced against the rock by forward movement of the machine 10 (via tracks 12) and the pivoting action of boom arm 11b. This forward and upward movement creates a new section of roof that is supported temporarily by raising and pressing the primary and secondary roof support members 19, 20 against the new roof section. At a very initial stage of rock cutting and roof support installation, a length of mesh 18 is unrolled from roll 17 so as to extend upwardly at section 18a to emerge at and in contact with the roof in the lengthwise direction between the primary and secondary support members 19, 20. The mesh is then laid rearwardly along the roof between the forward and rearward machine ends where it is bolted in position via the lengthwise separated rows of bolts 32 (inserted by bolting units 22). As the machine 10 is advanced a new unbolted section 33 of mesh 18 is dispensed to sit against the roof according to a continuous automated process. Accordingly, the mesh at the roof may be divided into a rearward bolted section 34 and a forward unbolted section 33 with the interface between the sections 33, 34 divided by the most recent installed row of bolts 32 referring to FIG. 2. Each tensioning device 16 is then moved forwardly to engage into mesh 18 via teeth 25 (or fingers 16a) so as to be positionally coupled or locked to the mesh 18 and in particular the unbolted forward section 33. Actuators 23 then provide further forward translational movement to each tensioning device 16 that is effective to apply a pulling force to the forward unbolted mesh section 33 which is resisted by the already laid bolted section 34 (and in particular the latest row of bolts 32) to create the desired pre-tension. The unbolted section 33 when placed under pre-tension is then bolted via units 22 resulting in a further row of bolts 32. The machine 10 then continues forward advancement according to the automated cutting and roof mesh installation process. Such a process is advantageous via the continuous unrolling, tensioning and bolting of the mesh 18 to allow selective adjustment of the frequency of bolt placement (with regard to lengthwise separation between rows of bolts 32) in addition to the magnitude of the pre-tension that is applied. Accordingly, a mining machine 10 is provided offering flexibility of bolt spacing so as to achieve a desired high capacity advancement rate. Adjustment of bolting density is also advantageous to achieve the most efficient rock support installation fitting for specific rock types and tunnel environments. Applying a predetermined pre-tension to the forward mesh section 33 is further advantageous to maximise the cross sectional area of a tunnel which is important when installing secondary utilities such as conduits for lighting, ventilation and other functions. The pre-tensioned bolted mesh installation is beneficial to provide maximised rock retention at the roof with minimised or no roof sagging within the tunnel.
(15) According to further specific implementations, the mining machine 10 may be provided with lateral roof mesh installation apparatus positioned at the lateral sides of the machine so as to install pre-tensioned mesh at the tunnel walls in parallel to the roof support installation as described. As will be appreciated, such lateral wall mesh installation devices comprise identical or similar components as described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 6 including in particular respective dispensers 15 having frames 26 to support mesh rolls 17 to extend generally in the vertical plane and respective tensioning devices 16 to create the required pre-tension as the mesh 18 is laid and bolted to the tunnel walls. Such lateral wall mesh installation devices may or may not comprise primary and/or secondary support members 19, 20 as will be appreciated.
