Rotary solid/fluid counter-current contacting apparatus

Abstract

A rotary counter-current solid/fluid contact apparatus is developed to enhance the efficiency of adsorption, ion exchange and regenerative heat exchange. The counter-current apparatus uses a rotor to direct fluids to multiple stationary columns. By the action of the rotor, counter-current flows of a fluid phase and a solid phase can be achieved for a combined adsorption and desorption cycle, or a combined heating and cooling cycle. The apparatus allows not only countercurrent solid-fluid flows based on columns in series, but also countercurrent solid-fluid flows in the length of each individual column. A method is also disclosed.

Claims

1. A method for counter-current rotary fluid distribution in an apparatus, the apparatus having a rotor with a plurality of internal and external fluid passageways, and a plurality of columns in fluid communication with the plurality of external fluid passageways of the rotor, the external fluid passageways of the rotor arranged to provide either a top-to-bottom (down) flow or a bottom-to-top (up) flow through a column, the method comprising the steps of: passing a fluid into one of the external fluid passageways of the rotor; flowing the fluid from said one of the external fluid passageways of the rotor into a top of one of the plurality of columns such that the fluid flows internally from the top of the one of the plurality of columns to the bottom of the one of the plurality of columns; returning the fluid externally from the bottom of the one of the plurality of columns to a top section of another of the plurality of columns, such that the fluid flows internally from the top of the another of the plurality of columns to the bottom of the another of the plurality of columns; removing the fluid from the apparatus; and rotating the rotor such that the external fluid passageways of the rotor are oriented to flow another fluid internally from the bottom of the one of the plurality of columns to the top of the one of the plurality of columns.

2. The method of claim 1, the step of removing the fluid from the apparatus comprising: removing the fluid from a last column of a series of columns including a plurality of columns that have the top-to-bottom flow; and purging a last column in the series with a purging stream.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein after the step of rotating the rotor, the last column in the series becomes a first bottom-to-top flow column, the method further comprising: returning the fluid externally from the top of said one of the plurality of columns such that the fluid flows internally from the bottom of the column to the top of the column, consecutively for several of the plurality of columns; removing the fluid from a last column of a series of bottom-to-top flow columns; purging the bottom-to-top flow column of the series with another purging stream.

4. The method of claim 3, further comprising the step of: rotating the rotor again such that the external fluid passageways of the rotor are oriented to flow another fluid internally from the top of the one column of the plurality of columns to the bottom of the column.

5. The method of claim 3, the step of removing comprising: flowing the fluid from the another column of the plurality of columns through a said external fluid passageway and a said internal passageway of the rotor to a chamber of a stator; and removing the fluid from the chamber of the stator.

6. The method of claim 1, the apparatus having a stator with a head having a plurality of chambers in fluid communication with the external fluid passageways of the rotor, said step of passing comprising: passing said fluid into one of the plurality of chambers of the stator, through one of corresponding internal fluid passageways of the stator, so as to flow into one of the external fluid passageways of the rotor.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein the internal and external fluid passageways of the rotor are adapted to purge one or more of said columns, the method further comprising the steps of: rotating the rotor such that the plurality of external fluid passageways of the rotor are oriented to purge the one of the plurality of columns; flowing a purge fluid into the one of the plurality of columns through an inlet nozzle, said chamber of the stator, a said internal fluid passageway of the rotor, and a said external fluid passageway of the rotor; and removing the purge fluid from the one of the plurality of columns through a said rotor external fluid passageway, one of the internal fluid passageways, and one of the plurality of chambers of the stator and an exit nozzle.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) FIG. 1 is a perspective view, partially transparent, of the countercurrent adsorption/heat transfer apparatus of the present invention.

(2) FIG. 2 is a perspective view, partially transparent, of the apparatus of the present invention wherein the columns and external stator pipes are omitted for clarity.

(3) FIG. 3 is a perspective view illustrating, in particular, the rotor plate, separation plates internal and external pipes of the rotor.

(4) FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the rotor viewed from lower side.

(5) FIG. 5 is a lower perspective view, partially transparent, of the rotor, the stator head and the stator plate illustrating directions of fluid flow.

(6) FIG. 6 is a top view illustrating openings in the rotor plate, as well as the columns.

(7) FIG. 7 illustrates fluid flow directions within external pipes of the rotor plate.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

(8) The rotor design of such a fluid distribution apparatus is similar to that of U.S. Pat. No. 8,985,151 to the present inventor. However, two new rotor components are added: a rotor plate and rotor external pipes. The combination of the rotor and stator, interconnecting process pipes and multiple columns creates a system for counter-current solid-fluid mass transfer or heat transfer operations.

(9) The apparatus uses a solid to extract thermal energy or selected material from a process stream, and uses a regeneration stream to regenerate the used solid. The thermal energy or selected material is transferred eventually from the process stream to the regeneration stream, with the solid as the transfer medium. The solid loaded columns are stationary. However, the rotary motion of a center rotor creates a simulated solid motion that makes solid-fluid counter-current flows possible.

(10) Referring to FIG. 1, an apparatus 10 comprises multiple stationary parts and a rotor 12. When in operation, the stationary parts will be motionless and the rotor 12 will rotate continuously or intermittently at a specified speed. External pipes 9 of the rotor 12 receive fluids from internal pipes and transfer fluids to the openings of the stator plate 16. Within the concept of the present invention, external and internal pipes can take the form of any type of fluid passageways, including tubes, bores, etc.

(11) The stationary parts shown in FIG. 1 comprise a top head 18, a stator plate 16, multiple feed pipes 30, external pipes 22 and 24, multiple columns 26, and feed and regeneration sources 28. Columns 26 are all packed with solid material (not shown for clarity) used as either a thermal energy or a mass transfer medium.

(12) FIG. 2 is a partially transparent perspective view of the rotor 12 and the stator head 18. Four feed nozzles 28 and four product nozzles 30, rotor plate 19, separation plates 32, rotor internal and external pipes (34 and 9) are shown.

(13) FIG. 2 particularly illustrates how fluid is routed through the stator head 18 of the apparatus 10 of the present invention. The stator head 18 of the present invention is structurally very similar to the head of the apparatus of applicant's previous U.S. Pat. No. 8,985,151. In FIG. 2, it can be seen how the internal pipe 34a passes from the stator plate 16 through the plurality of separation plates 32 so as to open into the chamber 36a formed above the separation plate 32a. In the example shown in FIG. 2, feed or product (a fluid) running through the internal pipe 34a would thus exit the stator head 18 through feed nozzle 30a, the feed nozzle 30a being associated with the chamber 36a. Note that the various other internal pipes 34 travel through the separation plates 32 so as to terminate in respective chambers 36. As can be appreciated, rotation of the rotor 12 relative to the stator plate 16 and stator head 18 would change the angular position of the particular external pipe 9 through which the product or feed flowing through the respective internal pipe 34 flows.

(14) The rotor 12 can be removed from the stator head 18 and is easily viewed in FIG. 3. Note that the head 18 is stationary. The rotor has a plurality of separation plates 32. The separation plates 32 together with the external wall of the stator head 18 separate different fluids when the latter are entering or leaving the apparatus 10. There are multiple internal pipes or fluid passageways 34 that are used to direct or withdraw fluid. External pipes 9 are at the opposite side internal pipes 34 with respect to the rotor plate 19 and make U turns to return to openings at the outer circumference of the rotor plate 19.

(15) FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the rotor 12 viewed from the lower side. The opening 40 on separation plate 32, and opening 38 on rotor plate 19 can be seen clearly. A fluid stream can return from a column, flow through opening 38, then external pipe 14, then internal pipe 34, then opening 40, and exit the head 18 and the apparatus 10.

(16) FIG. 5 is a partially transparent perspective view of the rotor 12 and head 18 viewed together from the lower side. Here, the rotor 12 has rotated 90 degrees from the position shown in FIG. 4. A purge stream 4a enters the first fluid section (or chamber 36) through a pipe and a nozzle 28, exits the first fluid section 36 through opening 40a on the first separation plate, flows through external pipe 9, and exits the matching rotor and stator plates as stream 13a. Stream 13a flows into a column, vertically from top to bottom (as shown in FIG. 1), and returns as stream 13b. Stream 13b flows through a rotor external and an internal pipe, and exits to the second fluid section 36b through opening 40b. The fluid in the second fluid section 36b exits the whole apparatus through pipe 30 as stream 4b. As the rotor rotates, all the columns in the system are cleaned sequentially by purge stream 4a.

(17) The location of openings on the rotor plate and the connection of rotor external pipes must follow certain rules in order to optimize the solid/fluid counter-current operation.

(18) Referring to FIG. 6, the rotor plate's opening cut pattern (viewed from the top) is shown for a 4 inlet stream, 4 outlet stream and 8 column system. The columns are identified as C1 to C8. Of those 8 columns, 3 consecutive columns C1, C2, C3 are used for adsorption from a feed stream, and 3 consecutive columns C5, C6, C7 are used for desorption with a regeneration stream. The adsorption columns and desorption columns are separated by a purge column at both ends (i.e. columns C4 and C8). There are two openings on the rotor plate acting as the inlet and outlet for each column, for example openings O1 and O2 for column C1. The feed stream is supplied from opening O3, flows through a rotor external pipe to opening O2, exits to column C1, and flows upward in column C1 and return to opening O1.

(19) It is necessary that inlet and outlet openings for all columns, such as O1 and O2 for column C1, and openings O4 and O5 for column C3, have the same shapes and relative radial locations, and are equally spaced circumferentially, in order for all rotor plate openings and stator plate openings to be aligned after a rotor rotation.

(20) It is preferable that adsorption columns and desorption columns have opposite flow directions, in order to approach an optimized counter-current flow pattern. FIG. 6 shows that columns C1 to C3 have all upward flows (+) and columns C5 to C7 have all downward flows (−). To allow opposite flow directions, it is preferable that inlet and outlet openings for all columns, such as O1 and O2 for column C1, O4 and O5 for column C3, are aligned radially, equally spaced circumferentially, and form a concentric outer ring such as O1 and O4, and a concentric inner ring such as O2 and O5. The alignment of internal pipes such as O3 and O6 are not as critical.

(21) Referring to FIG. 7, fluid flow directions within external pipes 9 of the rotor 12 are shown. A process feed stream flows through a feed pipe, a nozzle on the head, an internal fluid section, an internal pipe, and exits to opening O3. It then flows in external pipe 9a to opening O2, exits to column C1 through the stator plate 16, flows upward (+) in column C1, and returns to opening O1. The feed stream continues its flow path through external pipe 9b, exits to column C2, flows upward (+) in column C2, returns to external pipe 9c, exits to column C3 through opening O5, flows upward (+) in column C3, returns to opening O4, flows through external pipe 9d, and returns to internal head volume through opening O6. It further goes through an internal pipe, an internal fluid section, an exit nozzle and an exit pipe to exit the whole apparatus 10.

(22) In order to allow all three desorption columns C5, C6 and C7 to flow consecutively down ward, the external pipes 9g, 9h, 9i and 9j associated with them must be routed specifically. The external pipes 9g, 9h, 9i and 9j should be mirror images of the external pipes 9d, 9c, 9b and 9a, respectively, with the mirror plane cut at the A-A location (illustrated in FIG. 7) and vertical to the rotor plate 19.

(23) A regeneration fluid stream enters the apparatus 10 through a feed pipe, a nozzle 28 on the head 18, an internal fluid section 36, an internal pipe 34, and exits to external pipe 9g, flows to column C5 through the stator plate 16, flows downward (−) in column C5, and returns to external pipe 9h. It then exits to column C6, flows downward (−) in column C6, and returns to external pipe 9i. It further exits to column C7, flows downward (−) in column C7, returns to external pipe 9j, and flows back to the internal head volume. It continues through an internal pipe 34, an internal fluid section 36, an exit nozzle 30 and an exit pipe to exit the whole apparatus 10.

(24) Column C4 is purged with external pipes 9e and 9f. Pipe 9f is below pipe 9e, however, such a spatial arrangement is only optional as the locations of openings to the internal pipes (the inner end of the pipe 9f and 9e) are not critical. Column C8 is similarly purged.

(25) After a fixed time interval of operation, the rotor 12 is turned 45 degrees counterclockwise when viewed from top as shown in FIG. 7. For every two 45 degree turns, a most loaded adsorption column is switched from adsorption to purge and then to regeneration, and a cleanest desorption column is switched from regeneration to purge and then to adsorption.

(26) An adsorption or ion exchange operation transfers targeted material from a process stream to a regeneration stream. The effectiveness of the operation is indicated by concentration levels in the feed/product streams. Column C1, which has been in adsorption mode the longest and is the most saturated column in the previous period, is now switched to regeneration mode after two 45 degree rotor turns (after purging). It is contacted by a regeneration stream that has already contacted 2 desorption columns and has highest concentration of targeted material. The regeneration stream exits the system with highest concentration, helped by such a counter-current operation.

(27) Column C5, which has been in regeneration mode the longest and is the cleanest column in the previous period, is now switched to adsorption mode after two 45° turns. The process stream that has been adsorbed by 2 adsorption columns is further adsorbed by this cleanest column, and exits the system with lowest concentration of targeted material.

(28) By continuously turning the rotor 45 degrees at a fixed time interval for 8 times, each column will go through adsorption 3 times with increasing concentration of solute on its adsorbent, and desorption 3 times with decreasing concentration of solute on its adsorbent.

(29) If the reference frame is chosen to rotate with the rotor, an observer on the rotor would observe counter-current flow of solid versus fluid both in the adsorption columns and in the regeneration columns. Such a countercurrent adsorption and desorption process is more efficient in terms of product purity and regeneration stream usage.

(30) The system performance is further optimized since the feed stream is always up-flow inside adsorption columns and the regeneration stream is always down-flow inside desorption columns. The countercurrent flow exists not only in terms of columns in series, but also exists in the length of each individual column.

(31) An advantage of countercurrent flow in an individual column length can be illustrated by looking at column C1 while the rotor makes two 45 degree turns. After 3 previous periods of adsorption, column C1 has the highest solute concentration overall among columns C1, C2, and C3 in the adsorption series. Moreover, the bottom of column C1 has a higher solute concentration than the top of column C1 does, since the process stream is up-flow and enters the column bottom with the highest solute concentration. Now, once the rotor makes two 45 degrees turns, column C1 becomes the newest column in the regeneration column series. Since the regeneration stream is down flow in the columns, the highest solute concentration zone at the bottom of column C1 will be immediately regenerated, creating the highest concentration of regeneration stream. However, if the regeneration stream was also up flow through column C1, the highest concentration zone would need to be purged from bottom of column C1 to the top of column C1, through the entire length of the column, before the solute can be desorbed out of the top of column C1. Such an operation reduces the efficiency of operation and concentration of regeneration stream.

(32) Therefore, a design provided with the present invention allows both countercurrent flow in a series of columns and countercurrent flow in the column length of each individual column.

(33) Such operation mechanisms are also applicable to a regenerative heat transfer operation. A heat exchange operation transfers thermal energy from a process stream to a regeneration stream. The effectiveness of the operation is indicated by temperatures in the feed/product streams. By applying counter-current operation principles as described previously for adsorption/ion exchange, a regenerative heat exchanger of FIG. 1 design allows high exit temperature for the regeneration stream, and low exit temperature for the process stream, if transfer of thermal energy from process stream to regeneration stream is desired.

(34) Instead of multiple columns, the apparatus could also be constructed with a single large column with multiple sections. The sections are separated by plates in radial direction. The rotor, connection pipe openings, internal and external pipes are also of the same design as the case of multiple columns.

(35) The foregoing disclosure and description of the invention is illustrative and explanatory thereof. Various changes in the details of the illustrated construction can be made within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the true spirit of the invention. The present invention should only be limited by the following claims and their legal equivalents.