Building, in particular a multistory building, and use of a damper in such a building

Abstract

The invention relates to a building (1), in particular a multistory building, which has a supporting structure (5), and a facade (3) which is operatively connected to the supporting structure and exposed to the wind, wherein the facade (3) has a plurality of facade elements (7), wherein the facade elements (7) are designed to move relative to the supporting structure (5) in reaction to a torsion of the supporting structure (5). It is proposed that at least some facade elements (7) are operatively connected to a number of dampers (13), wherein the dampers (13) are designed to damp a movement of the facade elements (7) relative to the supporting structure (5).

Claims

1. A building comprising: a supporting structure, and a facade which is operatively connected to the supporting structure and exposed to the wind, wherein the facade has a plurality of facade elements, wherein the facade elements are mounted in such a way that they move relative to the supporting structure in reaction to a torsion of the supporting structure, wherein at least some facade elements are operatively connected to a number of dampers, wherein the dampers are designed to damp a movement of the facade elements relative to the supporting structure, and wherein the facade elements are arranged pivotably relative to the supporting structure and are suspended in receptacles provided on the supporting structure to allow the facade elements assuming a parallel position with respect to one another in reaction to the torsion of the supporting structure, wherein the parallel position is achieved by parallel displacement of the facade elements, and wherein the parallel displacement is utilized to damp the movement of the supporting structure.

2. The building according to claim 1, wherein in each case adjacent facade elements are designed to be displaced relative to one another in parallel in reaction to the torsion of the supporting structure.

3. The building according to claim 1, wherein the facade elements are arranged so as to be movable horizontally relative to the supporting structure, and the dampers are designed to display a damping action in the horizontal direction.

4. The building according to claim 1, wherein at least one damper is in each case operatively connected to two adjacent facade elements and is designed to damp the displacement of the facade elements with respect to one another.

5. The building according to claim 1, wherein at least one damper is in each case operatively connected to a facade element on the one hand and to the supporting structure on the other hand and is designed to damp the relative movement of the facade elements relative to the supporting structure.

6. The building according to claim 1, wherein the damper has one or more damper elements which are in each case in frictional contact with one or more friction surfaces and are designed to produce damping by means of sliding friction during a displacement movement of the facade elements with respect to one another.

7. The building according to claim 1, wherein the damper has one or more damper elements which are designed to produce damping by means of material damping during a displacement movement of the facade elements with respect to one another.

8. The building according to claim 7, wherein the damper element is partially or completely formed from an elastically deformable material of which the material damping increases with increasing prestressing, and wherein the damper element is installed in an at least partially deformed state.

9. The building according to claim 8, wherein the damper element has two connection elements which are movable relative to one another for connection in each case to one of the two adjacent facade elements, or to a facade element on the one hand and the supporting structure on the other hand, and the damper element is operatively connected to the connection elements in such a way that the intensity of the prestressing decreases with increasing relative movement of the connection elements with respect to one another.

10. The building according to claim 7, wherein the damper element is partially or completely formed from an elastomer on the basis of cellular or microcellular polyurethane elastomers.

11. The building according to claim 1, wherein adjacent facade elements in each case have a single-layer or multilayer window element and a frame, wherein the frame is connected on at least one of its lateral surfaces to a damper and is designed to take up forces, which occur as a result of the damping and which act on the frame, and borders the window element in such a way that a force flow of at least part of the taken-up forces occurs through the window element.

12. The building according to claim 1, wherein adjacent facade elements in each case have a single-layer or multilayer window element and a frame, wherein the window element is bordered in the frame by means of an elastically deformable material which is designed to produce damping by means of material damping in reaction to a compression.

13. The building according to claim 7, wherein the damper has a plurality of damper elements which are designed as lamellae, are oriented substantially parallel to one another and are arranged in a sandwich-like manner between a number of first and second profile rails, wherein the first profile rails are connected to a first connection element of the damper, and the second profile rails are connected to a second connection element of the damper, wherein the two connection elements are movable relative to one another.

14. The building according to claim 13, wherein the facade defines a facade plane, and the lamellae and profile rails are oriented parallel to the facade plane.

15. The building according to claim 1, wherein the building has a plurality of building sides and a height and a ratio of height to width of a narrowest of the building sides in a range of 6/1 or more.

16. A method of using dampers for damping torsion movements of a building, wherein the building has a supporting structure, and a facade which is operatively connected to the supporting structure and exposed to the wind, wherein the facade has a plurality of facade elements, wherein the facade elements are arranged movably relative to the supporting structure, and wherein the facade elements are designed to move relative to the supporting structure in reaction to a torsion of the supporting structure, wherein at least some facade elements are operatively connected to a number of dampers, wherein the dampers damp a movement of the facade elements relative to the supporting structure, the method comprising: arranging the facade elements pivotably relative to the supporting structure; suspending the facade elements in receptacles provided on the supporting structure to allow the facade elements assuming a parallel position with respect to one another in reaction to the torsion of the supporting structure, wherein the parallel position is achieved by parallel displacement of the facade elements, and wherein the parallel displacement is utilized to damp the movement of the supporting structure.

17. The building according to claim 7, wherein the damper element is partially or completely formed from a volume compressible material of which the material damping increases with increasing precompression and wherein the damper element is installed in an at least partially compressed state.

18. The building according to claim 7, wherein the damper element is partially or completely formed from an elastomer on the basis of thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers.

19. The building according to claim 7, wherein the damper element is partially or completely formed from an elastomer on the basis of mixed cell polyurethane elastomers.

Description

(1) The invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the appended figures on the basis of a preferred exemplary embodiment, in which:

(2) FIG. 1 shows a building according to a preferred exemplary embodiment in a schematic spatial illustration,

(3) FIG. 2 shows a schematic spatial illustration of a building under wind load,

(4) FIG. 3 shows a detail illustration of the building according to FIGS. 1 and 2,

(5) FIG. 4 shows a further detail illustration of part of a facade of the building of FIGS. 1 to 3, and

(6) FIGS. 5a,b show schematic detail illustrations of the facade of the building according to FIGS. 1 to 4, and

(7) FIG. 6 an alternative preferred arrangement of dampers for the building of FIGS. 1 to 4.

(8) FIG. 1 shows first of all a building 1 which is designed as a multistory building and has a height h. The building 1 has a first building side 2 and a second building side 4, wherein each of the building sides 2, 4 has a facade 3. In the present exemplary embodiment, the second building side 4 is purely by way of example the narrower of the two building sides 2, 4, and has a width b. The height h of the building 1 is preferably at least six times the width b, particularly preferably ten or more times said width.

(9) The building 1 has a supporting structure 5 to which the facade 3 is fastened. The facade 3 is composed of a plurality of facade elements 7.

(10) If the building 1 is exposed to a wind load W (cf. FIG. 2) which impinges on the second building side 4 in the present graphic example according to FIG. 2, the building 1 is set in oscillation. The excitation caused by the wind load W ensures that the supporting structure 5 deflects by different amounts in the horizontal direction at different heights of the building. In the case of an exemplary excitation according to FIG. 2, this results in a strong torsion of the facade 3, particularly on the first building side 2.

(11) As can be seen from FIG. 3, the facade elements 7 are in each case arranged adjacent to one another, next to one another and above one another, and thus form the facades 3. The facade elements 7 in each case have one or more coupling elements 9 which are designed to be connected to correspondingly formed receptacles 11 on sides of the supporting structure 5. The facade elements 7 are arranged so as to be movable relative to the supporting structure 5 in order that they are not damaged in the event of a torsion of the supporting structure 5 or, in the worst case, cannot be released from the supporting structure. In the present example according to FIG. 3, this is illustrated in that the supporting structure 5, which is designed in the exemplary embodiment as a substantially skeleton-shaped structure framework, has a plurality of vertically spaced-apart supporting structure planes 5a, b, c, wherein the facade elements 7 are in each case arranged on one of the supporting structure planes 5a, b, c. If a torsion V occurs as a result of the wind load W, the supporting structure elements 5a, b, c move relative to one another in the horizontal direction. In order that the facade elements 7 can accompany this movement, they are arranged pivotably on the receptacles 11, for example in that the coupling elements 9 are designed in the form of vertically oriented pins which can slide in the vertical direction in the receptacles 11, which are designed as corresponding openings or guides. Two exemplary types of this relative movement of the facade elements 7 are shown in FIG. 4.

(12) FIG. 4 depicts three facade elements 7 adjacent to one another in a basic state. If a torsion is exerted in the direction of the arrows V.sub.1, the facade elements 7 pivot in the direction of the arrows P.sub.1 into a position which is angled relative to the basic state and optionally changed in terms of height. The relative movements and deformations shown in FIGS. 2 and 4 are illustrated in an exaggerated manner for the purpose of explanation.

(13) If the facade elements 7, as shown in FIG. 4, are in each case connected at two ends to receptacles 11a, b, they would, during pivoting in the direction of the arrows P.sub.1, perform, for example, a pivoting movement about the receptacle 11a, whereas they migrate slightly upward relative to the receptacle 11b. This is understood as an uplift movement, and the forces causing it are accordingly understood as uplift forces. However, the facade elements 7 also assume a parallel position with respect to one another in the torsioned position.

(14) If a torsion V.sub.2 occurs in the opposite direction, the adjacent facade elements 7 would be pivoted in the direction of the arrows P.sub.2, in each case then around the receptacles 11b. It is to be observed in both deflection cases that in each case a parallel displacement occurs between the adjacent facade elements 7.

(15) As shown from FIGS. 5a, b, the invention utilizes precisely this parallel displacement in that, according to a preferred exemplary embodiment, in each case a damper 13 is installed between adjacent facade walls 7. Upon a parallel displacement of the adjacent facade elements 7, the damper 13 produces damping of the movement and thus contributes to attenuating the oscillation amplitude. FIG. 5b shows, for a single damper 13, a sectional view in a plane transversely to the movement arrows S.sub.1, S.sub.2.

(16) As an alternative to the exemplary embodiment shown in FIGS. 5a, b, it would also be possible to use the damper shown in FIG. 5b or an alternative damper, and also to arrange the damper shown in FIG. 5b or an alternative damper not between two adjacent facade elements 7, but between the supporting structure 5 on the one hand and in each case a facade element 7 on the other hand.

(17) Alternatively or additionally to the vertical thrust movement, a horizontal compensation movement of the facade elements 7 in the direction t could also be used for damping, or even in addition.

(18) The facade element 7 shown in FIGS. 5a, b has a frame 15 in which there is held a window element 17 which can be a single glazing unit or a multiple glazing unit. The window element 17 is preferably bordered in the frame 15 by means of an elastically deformable bordering material 19 and in this way “blocked”. Upon torsions of the frame 15, the border 19 makes it possible for force to be transmitted into the window element 17 and out of the window element 17. If the material of the border 19 has damping properties, that is to say in particular a material damping, the border 19 also contributes to damping of the facade 3.

(19) As can be seen in particular from FIG. 5b, the damper 13 preferably has a first connection element and a second connection element 23, by means of which elements the damper 13 can be mounted between adjacent facade elements, or alternatively on the one hand onto a facade element 7 and on the other hand onto the supporting structure 5. In the installed state, the connection elements 21, 23 perform the same parallel displacement with respect to one another as the facade elements 7, indicated in FIG. 5b by the arrows S.sub.1 and S.sub.2.

(20) On the right in FIG. 5b there is shown a cross-sectional view from above through the damper 13. Illustrated here is an exemplary arrangement of damper elements 29 within the damper 13. The damper elements 29 are in each case arranged in a sandwich-like manner between two profile rails 25, 27, and particularly preferably prestressed, i.e. at least partially compressed. Here, a number of first profile rails 25 is fixedly connected to the first connection element 21, whereas a second number of second profile rails 27 is fixedly connected to the second connection element 23. The damper elements 29 are preferably fastened to one or both of the profile rails 25, 27 in a nonpositive, positive or integrally bonded manner. If such a connection is chosen, the material damping of the damper elements 29 is primarily utilized for damping. The damper elements 29 and the profile rails 25, 27 are preferably oriented parallel to the plane of the facade 3. As a result, the connection elements 21, 23 can to a certain degree execute compensation movements in the horizontal direction with respect to one another in the direction of the arrow t, that is to say substantially horizontally with respect to the building 1.

(21) As an alternative to the vertical thrust movement, a horizontal compensation movement of the facade elements 7 could also be used for damping, or in addition, cf. FIG. 6.

(22) Whereas the exemplary embodiment shown in FIGS. 5a, b showed the arrangement of a vertically acting damper 13 between two adjacent facade elements 7, the following FIG. 6 illustrates a further possible arrangement of two dampers 13a, 13b which, alternatively or additionally to the damping method according to FIGS. 5a, b, can advantageously be used on a facade 3 of a building 1. Alternatively or additionally to the damping of the relative movement of adjacent facade elements relative to the supporting structure 5 of the building 1 in the vertical direction, it is namely also possible for the relative movement of facade elements 7 relative to the supporting structure 5 to be damped in the horizontal direction. For this purpose, a damper 13a is preferably provided which is connected on the one hand to a facade element 7 and on the other hand to the supporting structure 5, and is designed to display a damping action in the horizontal direction. Alternatively or additionally, it is, of course, also possible to connect a damper 13b on the one hand to a facade element 7, and on the other hand not to the supporting structure, but to connect it likewise to a facade element 7, see damper 13b, wherein the damper in the same way displays a damping action in the horizontal direction.

(23) The dampers 13a, b can also be used combinationally at suitable points of the building 1, and combinationally with damper elements which damp in the vertical direction, such as, for example, the dampers 13 according to FIGS. 5a, b.

(24) The damper arrangement shown and the specifically shown example of a damper 13 or 13a, b in the figures are to be understood purely by way of example. The essence of the invention can also be implemented with other arrangements of the dampers relative to the facade elements 7 or the supporting structure 5, and also with other damping mechanisms, for example with fluid dampers.

(25) This assists in the compensation of manufacturing tolerances of the facade 3 or supporting structure 5. When viewing the above explanations together, a concept has been proposed by the invention that for the first time allows the utilization of the torsion movement within the facade 3 to combat the wind-induced oscillations on a building 1. This makes it possible to resort to a lesser extent to oscillation members in the form of pendulum masses or in the best case even to dispense with them.

LIST OF REFERENCE SIGNS

(26) 1 Building 2 First building side 3 Facade 4 Second building side 5 Supporting structure 5a,b,c Supporting structure planes 7 Facade elements 9 Coupling elements 11a,b Receptacles 13 Damper 15 Frame 17 Window element 19 Border 21, 23 Connection element 25, 27 Profile rail 29 Damper elements h Height of the building b Width of the building W Wind load V.sub.1,2 Torsion P.sub.1,2 Arrows S.sub.1, 2 Arrows t Arrow