Failure detection apparatus for a hydraulic system

Abstract

A failure detection apparatus for a hydraulic system, to a hydraulic, failure detection-capable system, and to a method of operating a failure detection apparatus. The failure detection apparatus comprises a monitoring and failure detection unit that receives first and second pressure values from first and second pressure sensors and comprises a failure detection unit that detects a failure of at least one hydraulically operated device when a 2-tuple of a plurality of 2-tuples is within a first and outside a second predetermined tolerance range of relative pressure values, and wherein the failure detection unit 260 detects a failure of the pump when a 2-tuple of the plurality of 2-tuples is outside the first predetermined tolerance range of relative pressure values.

Claims

1. A failure detection apparatus for a hydraulic system, the hydraulic system comprising a tank with hydraulic fluid, a plurality of hydraulically operated devices, a supply line, a pump that delivers the hydraulic fluid from the tank via the supply line to the plurality of hydraulically operated devices, and a case drain line for returning hydraulic fluid from the pump to the tank, wherein the failure detection apparatus comprises: a first pressure sensor that senses a first pressure value of the hydraulic fluid in the supply line; a second pressure sensor that senses a second pressure value of the hydraulic fluid in the case drain line; and a monitoring and failure detection unit that receives the first and second pressure values from the first and second pressure sensors and comprises: a monitoring unit that monitors a plurality of the first and second pressure values from the first and second pressure sensors during operation of the plurality of hydraulically operated devices, a failure detection unit that memorizes a plurality of 2-tuples of first and second pressure values, wherein the failure detection unit detects a failure of at least one hydraulically operated device of the plurality of hydraulically operated devices when a 2-tuple of the plurality of 2-tuples is within a first predetermined tolerance range of relative pressure values and outside a second predetermined tolerance range of relative pressure values, and wherein the failure detection unit detects a failure of the pump when the 2-tuple of the plurality of 2-tuples is outside the first predetermined tolerance range of relative pressure values, and an output device that, in response to the failure detection unit detecting the failure of at least one hydraulically operated device of the plurality of hydraulically operated devices or the failure of the pump, notifies an operator of the hydraulic system about the detected failure.

2. The failure detection apparatus of claim 1, wherein the failure detection unit determines a trend based on the plurality of 2-tuples, and wherein the failure detection unit detects at least one of the failure of at least one hydraulically operated device of the plurality of hydraulically operated devices or the failure of the pump based on the trend.

3. The failure detection apparatus of claim 1, further comprising: a temperature sensor that senses a current temperature value of the hydraulic fluid in the tank and provides the current temperature value to the monitoring and failure detection unit, and wherein the failure detection unit adjusts the first predetermined tolerance range of relative pressure values and the second predetermined tolerance range of relative pressure values based on the current temperature value of the hydraulic fluid.

4. The failure detection apparatus of claim 1, wherein the monitoring and failure detection unit further comprises: a calibration unit that determines the first predetermined tolerance range of relative pressure values and the second predetermined tolerance range of relative pressure values based on the first and second pressure values received from the first and second pressure sensors during an initial calibration of the hydraulic system before the operation of the plurality of hydraulically operated devices.

5. The failure detection apparatus of claim 4, wherein the calibration unit determines the first and the second predetermined tolerance ranges of relative pressure values based on predetermined operation conditions of the pump.

6. A hydraulic, failure detection-capable system comprising: a hydraulic system that includes: a tank with hydraulic fluid, a plurality of hydraulically operated devices, a supply line, a pump that delivers the hydraulic fluid from the tank via the supply line to the plurality of hydraulically operated devices, a return line for returning the hydraulic fluid from the plurality of hydraulically operated devices to the tank, and a case drain line for returning hydraulic fluid from the pump to the tank; and a failure detection apparatus for the hydraulic system, the failure detection apparatus includes: a first pressure sensor that senses a first pressure value of the hydraulic fluid in the supply line, a second pressure sensor that senses a second pressure value of the hydraulic fluid in the case drain line, and a monitoring and failure detection unit that receives the first and second pressure values from the first and second pressure sensors, the monitoring and failure detection unit includes: a monitoring unit that monitors a plurality of the first and second pressure values from the first and second pressure sensors during operation of the plurality of hydraulically operated devices, a failure detection unit that memorizes a plurality of 2-tuples of first and second pressure values, wherein the failure detection unit detects a failure of at least one hydraulically operated device of the plurality of hydraulically operated devices when a 2-tuple of the plurality of 2-tuples is within a first predetermined tolerance range of relative pressure values and outside a second predetermined tolerance range of relative pressure values, and wherein the failure detection unit detects a failure of the pump when the 2-tuple of the plurality of 2-tuples is outside the first predetermined tolerance range of relative pressure values, and an output device that, in response to the failure detection unit detecting the failure of at least one hydraulically operated device of the plurality of hydraulically operated devices or the failure of the pump, notifies an operator of the hydraulic system about the detected failure.

7. The hydraulic, failure detection-capable system of claim 6, wherein the hydraulic system further comprises: a filter in the supply line between the pump and the plurality of hydraulically operated devices.

8. The hydraulic, failure detection-capable system of claim 6, wherein the hydraulic system further comprises: a drive mechanism that drives the pump.

9. A failure detection method for a hydraulic system, the hydraulic system comprising a tank with hydraulic fluid, a plurality of hydraulically operated devices, a supply line, a pump that delivers the hydraulic fluid from the tank via the supply line to the plurality of hydraulically operated devices, and a case drain line for returning hydraulic fluid from the pump to the tank, the method comprising: with a first pressure sensor, sensing a first pressure value of the hydraulic fluid in the supply line; with a second pressure sensor, sensing a second pressure value of the hydraulic fluid in the case drain line; with a monitoring and failure detection unit, receiving the first and second pressure values from the first and second pressure sensors; with a monitoring unit of the monitoring and failure detection unit, monitoring a plurality of the first and second pressure values from the first and second pressure sensors when the hydraulic system is in a normal operation mode; with a failure detection unit of the monitoring and failure detection unit, memorizing a plurality of 2-tuples of first and second pressure values in the normal operation mode; with the failure detection unit of the monitoring and failure detection unit, detecting a failure of at least one hydraulically operated device of the plurality of hydraulically operated devices when a 2-tuple of the plurality of 2-tuples is within a first predetermined tolerance range of relative pressure values and outside a second predetermined tolerance range of relative pressure values; with the failure detection unit of the monitoring and failure detection unit, detecting a failure of the pump when the 2-tuple of the plurality of 2-tuples is outside the first predetermined tolerance range of relative pressure values; and with an output device of the monitoring and failure detection unit, in response to the failure of at least one hydraulically operated device of the plurality of hydraulically operated devices or the failure of the pump being detected, notifying an operator of the hydraulic system about the detected failure.

10. The method of claim 9, further comprising: with the monitoring and failure detection unit, generating a faultless operation curve based on an extrapolation of the first and second pressure values that are received by the monitoring and failure detection unit when the hydraulic system is in a calibration mode.

11. The method of claim 10, further comprising: with the monitoring and failure detection unit, determining the first predetermined tolerance range of relative pressure values and the second predetermined tolerance range of relative pressure values based on the faultless operation curve.

12. The method of claim 9, further comprising: with the monitoring and failure detection unit, determining a trend based on the plurality of 2-tuples; and detecting at least one of the failure of at least one hydraulically operated device of the plurality of hydraulically operated devices or the failure of the pump based on the trend.

13. The method of claim 12, further comprising: generating and providing statistics about the first and second pressure values of the hydraulic fluid based on the plurality of 2-tuples at the different time stamps.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) Preferred embodiments are outlined by way of example in the following description with reference to the attached drawings. In these attached drawings, identical or identically functioning components and elements are labeled with identical reference numbers and characters and are, consequently, only described once in the following description.

(2) FIG. 1 is a diagram of an illustrative hydraulic, failure detection-capable system that includes a hydraulic system and a failure detection apparatus in accordance with some embodiments,

(3) FIG. 2 is a diagram of an illustrative faultless operation curve and associated predetermined tolerance ranges of relative pressure values of a hydraulic system in accordance with some embodiments,

(4) FIG. 3A is a diagram of an illustrative trend monitoring that is indicative of a pump failure in accordance with some embodiments,

(5) FIG. 3B is a diagram of an illustrative trend monitoring that is indicative of a hydraulically operated device failure in accordance with some embodiments,

(6) FIG. 3C is a diagram of an illustrative trend monitoring that is indicative of a hydraulically operated device failure that is followed by a pump failure in accordance with some embodiments, and

(7) FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing illustrative operations for operating a fault detection apparatus of a hydraulic system in accordance with some embodiments.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

(8) Exemplary embodiments of a failure detection apparatus may be used with any hydraulic system. Examples of equipment with a hydraulic system may include excavators, bulldozers, backhoes, log splitters, shovels, loaders, forklifts, and cranes, hydraulic brakes, power steering systems, automatic transmissions, garbage trucks, aircraft flight control systems, lifts, industrial machinery, etc.

(9) FIG. 1 is a diagram of a hydraulic, failure detection-capable system 10 that includes a hydraulic system 100 and a failure detection apparatus 200 that is coupled to the hydraulic system 100.

(10) Illustratively, the hydraulic system 100 may include a tank 110. The tank 110 may be open and operate under atmospheric pressure. Alternatively, the tank 110 may be closed and pressurized.

(11) The tank 110 may be filled with hydraulic fluid 120. The hydraulic fluid 120 may be any fluid that is suitable to be used in a hydraulic system. For example, the hydraulic fluid may be based on mineral oil and/or on water.

(12) By way of example, the hydraulic system may include a plurality of hydraulically operated devices 130. The hydraulically operated devices 130 may include hydraulic motors, hydraulic cylinders or other hydraulic actuators, control valves, tubes, hoses, and/or other consumers of hydraulic fluid, just to name a few.

(13) The hydraulic system 100 may include a supply line 140, and a pump 160 that delivers the hydraulic fluid 120 from the tank 110 via the supply line 140 to the plurality of hydraulically operated devices 130. If desired, the pump 160 may be implemented as a piston pump of the variable displacement type. The pump 160 may supply the hydraulic fluid 120 at given rates to the hydraulically operated devices 130.

(14) Illustratively, the hydraulic system 100 may include a drive mechanism 190. The drive mechanism 190 may drive the pump 160. If desired, the drive mechanism 190 may include an external mechanical actuator and/or an electric motor.

(15) Illustratively, the hydraulic system 100 may include a return line 170 for returning the hydraulic fluid 120 from the plurality of hydraulically operated devices 130 to the tank 110, and a case drain line 150 for returning hydraulic fluid 120 from the pump 160 to the tank 110.

(16) If desired, the hydraulic system 100 may include a filter 180. The filter 180 may be used to remove impurities from the hydraulic fluid 120. Illustratively, the filter 180 may be a high-pressure filter that is located in the supply line 140. As an example, the filter 180 may be located in the supply line 140 between the pump 160 and the plurality of hydraulically operated devices 130.

(17) Illustratively, the failure detection apparatus 200 may include first and second pressure sensor 210, 220. The first pressure sensor 210 may sense a first pressure value of the hydraulic fluid 120 in the supply line 140, and the second pressure sensor 220 may sense a second pressure value of the hydraulic fluid 120 in the case drain line 150.

(18) If desired, the failure detection apparatus 200 may include a temperature sensor 230. The temperature sensor 230 may sense a current temperature value of the hydraulic fluid 120 in the tank 110.

(19) By way of example, the failure detection apparatus 200 may include a monitoring and failure detection unit 240. The monitoring and failure detection unit 240 may receive the first and second pressure values from the first and second pressure sensors 210, 220.

(20) Illustratively, the monitoring and failure detection unit 240 may include a monitoring unit 250 and a failure detection unit 260. The monitoring unit 250 may monitor first and second pressure values from the first and second pressure sensors 210, 220 during operation of the plurality of hydraulically operated devices 130.

(21) By way of example, the failure detection unit 260 may memorize a plurality of 2-tuples of first and second pressure values. The failure detection unit 260 may detect a failure of at least one hydraulically operated device of the plurality of hydraulically operated devices 130 when a 2-tuple of the plurality of 2-tuples is within a first predetermined tolerance range of relative pressure values and outside a second predetermined tolerance range of relative pressure values. The failure detection unit 260 may detect a failure of the pump 160 when the 2-tuple of the plurality of 2-tuples is outside the first predetermined tolerance range of relative pressure values.

(22) Illustratively, the failure detection unit 260 may adjust the first predetermined tolerance range of relative pressure values and the second predetermined tolerance range of relative pressure values based on the current temperature value of the hydraulic fluid 120 measured by the temperature sensor 230.

(23) If desired, the monitoring and failure detection unit 240 may include an output device 280. The output device 280 may output at least one of the monitored first and second pressure values of the hydraulic fluid 120, the detected failure of at least one hydraulically operated device of the plurality of hydraulically operated devices 130, or the detected failure of the pump 160.

(24) As shown in FIG. 1, the monitoring and failure detection unit 240 may include a calibration unit 270. The calibration unit 270 may determine the first predetermined tolerance range of relative pressure values and the second predetermined tolerance range of relative pressure values based on the first and second pressure values received from the first and second pressure sensors 210, 220 during an initial calibration of the hydraulic system 100 before the operation of the plurality of hydraulically operated devices 130.

(25) Illustratively, the calibration unit 270 may determine the first and the second predetermined tolerance ranges of relative pressure values based on predetermined operation conditions of the pump 160.

(26) FIG. 2 is a diagram of an illustrative faultless operation curve 390 and associated predetermined tolerance ranges of relative pressure values 310, 320 of a hydraulic system (e.g., hydraulic system 100 of FIG. 1). The faultless operation curve 390 may be determined using a calibration unit (e.g., calibration unit 270 of FIG. 1) during an initial calibration of the hydraulic system.

(27) Illustratively, during an initial calibration of the hydraulic system, a calibration unit such as calibration unit 270 of FIG. 1 may receive first and second pressure values of the hydraulic fluid in supply and case drain lines from first and second sensors, respectively. The first and second sensors may provide the first and second pressure values during the initial calibration for predetermined working conditions of the plurality of hydraulically operated devices and/or predetermined operation conditions of the pump.

(28) The calibration unit may define calibration points 330, 331, 332, 333, 334, 335 based on the first and second pressure values. The number of calibration points may depend on the number of predetermined working conditions of the plurality of hydraulically operated devices and/or on the number of predetermined operation conditions of the pump. Thus, there may be any number of calibration points. For simplicity and clarity, the number of calibration points in FIG. 2 have been limited to six. However, any number greater than one may be used, if desired.

(29) The calibration points 330, 331, 332, 333, 334, 335 may be represented in a two-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system 300 with case pressure 301 (i.e., the second pressure value of the hydraulic fluid 120 measured by the second pressure sensor 220 in the case drain line 150 of FIG. 1) as ordinate and supply pressure 302 (i.e., the first pressure value of the hydraulic fluid 120 measured by the first pressure sensor 210 in the supply line 140 of FIG. 1) as abscissa. Thus, the calibration points 330 to 335 are represented as 2-tuples of supply and case pressure.

(30) Illustratively, the calibration unit may determine a faultless operation curve 390 based on the calibration points 330 to 335. For example, the calibration unit may perform a regression analysis of the calibration points 330 to 335 to determine the faultless operation curve 390.

(31) As an example, the calibration unit may perform a linear regression to determine the faultless operation curve 390 as having a linear dependency between the case pressure 301 and the supply pressure 302. As another example, the calibration unit may perform a non-linear regression to determine the faultless operation curve 390 as having a non-linear dependency between the case pressure 301 and the supply pressure 302.

(32) By way of example, the calibration unit may determine a first predetermined tolerance range of relative pressure values 310 and a second predetermined tolerance range of relative pressure values 320 based on the first and second pressure values received from the first and second pressure sensors during the initial calibration of the hydraulic system before the operation of the plurality of hydraulically operated devices.

(33) For example, the calibration unit may determine the first and the second predetermined tolerance ranges of relative pressure values 310, 320 based on predetermined operation conditions of the pump and/or based on predetermined working conditions of the plurality of hydraulically operation devices.

(34) As an example, the calibration unit may determine the first predetermined tolerance range of relative pressure values 310 as an absolute or relative distance from the faultless operation curve 390. As another example, the calibration unit may determine the second predetermined tolerance range of relative pressure values 320 based on minimum and maximum values on the faultless operation curve 390 that contain all calibration points.

(35) If desired, the first and second predetermined tolerance ranges of relative pressure values 310, 320 may form a tube around the faultless operation curve 390 in the two-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system 300 with ordinate case pressure 301 and abscissa supply pressure 302. In the scenario in which the calibration unit defines the faultless operation curve 390 as a straight line (e.g., through a linear regression), the first and second predetermined tolerance ranges of relative pressure values 310, 320 may form a rectangle in the two-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system 300.

(36) During normal operation of the plurality of hydraulically operated devices, a monitoring and failure detection unit (e.g., monitoring and failure detection unit 240 of FIG. 1) may receive first and second pressure values from first and second pressure sensors. For example, the monitoring and failure detection unit may receive first and second pressure values from first and second pressure sensors at different time stamps.

(37) As an example, the monitoring and failure detection unit may receive a first 2-tuple of first and second pressure values 341 at a first time stamp, a second 2-tuple of first and second pressure values 342 at a second time stamp, a third 2-tuple of first and second pressure values 343 at a third time stamp, a fourth 2-tuple of first and second pressure values 344 at a fourth time stamp, a fifth 2-tuple of first and second pressure values 345 at a fifth time stamp, etc.

(38) The monitoring and failure detection unit may include a monitoring unit (e.g., monitoring unit 250 of FIG. 1) that monitors the first and second pressure values, and a failure detection unit (e.g., failure detection unit 260 of FIG. 1) that memorizes the plurality of 2-tuples of first and second pressure values 341, 342, 343, 344, 345.

(39) The failure detection unit may detect a failure of at least one hydraulically operated device of the plurality of hydraulically operated devices when a 2-tuple of the plurality of 2-tuples 341, 342, 343, 344, 345 is within a first predetermined tolerance range of relative pressure values 310 and outside a second predetermined tolerance range of relative pressure values 320. The failure detection unit may detect a failure of the pump when the 2-tuple of the plurality of 2-tuples 341, 342, 343, 344, 345 is outside the first predetermined tolerance range of relative pressure values 310.

(40) As shown in FIG. 2, all 2-tuples of first and second pressure values 341 to 345 that are recorded during normal operation of the hydraulic system are located within the first predetermined tolerance range of relative pressure values 310. Thus, no failure was detected for the pump of the hydraulic system.

(41) As also shown in FIG. 2, all 2-tuples of first and second pressure values 341 to 345 that are recorded during normal operation of the hydraulic system are located within the second predetermined tolerance range of relative pressure values 320. Thus, no failure was detected for the hydraulically operated devices of the plurality of hydraulically operated devices of the hydraulic system.

(42) Illustratively, the failure detection apparatus (e.g., failure detection apparatus 200 of FIG. 1) may determine a failure of one of the hydraulically operated devices of the plurality of hydraulically operated device and/or a failure of the pump based on determining a trend of the plurality of 2-tuples 341, 342, 343, 344, 345 over time.

(43) FIG. 3A is a diagram of an illustrative trend monitoring 350 that is indicative of a pump failure. As shown in FIG. 3A, a failure detection unit (e.g., failure detection unit 260 of FIG. 1) memorizes 2-tuples of first and second pressure values 341 to 345 (e.g., 2-tuples of supply and case pressure) that are recorded during normal operation of the hydraulic system at different time stamps.

(44) As an example, consider the scenario in which the 2-tuples of first and second pressure values are recorded during successive time stamps. In this scenario, the first two recorded 2-tuples of first and second pressure values 341 and 342 are located within the first and second predetermined tolerance ranges of relative pressure values 310, 320.

(45) However, successively recorded 2-tuples of first and second pressure values 343, 344, 345 lie outside the first and second predetermined tolerance ranges of relative pressure values 310, 320. In fact, the failure detection unit may determine a trend 350 based on the plurality of 2-tuples 341 to 345.

(46) The trend 350 shows that successive 2-tuples of first and second pressure values 341 to 345 point mainly in a direction away from the faultless operation curve 390. As shown in FIG. 3A, the case pressure values increase over proportionately compared to the supply pressure values. The trend 350 may be indicative of a pump failure, and thus, the failure detection unit may detect a failure of the pump based on the trend 350.

(47) FIG. 3B is a diagram of an illustrative trend monitoring 360 that is indicative of a hydraulically operated device failure. As shown in FIG. 3B, a failure detection unit (e.g., failure detection unit 260 of FIG. 1) memorizes 2-tuples of first and second pressure values 341 to 345 (e.g., 2-tuples of supply and case pressure) that are recorded during normal operation of the hydraulic system at different time stamps.

(48) As an example, consider the scenario in which the 2-tuples of first and second pressure values are recorded during successive time stamps. In this scenario, the first two recorded 2-tuples of first and second pressure values 341 and 342 are located within the first and second predetermined tolerance ranges of relative pressure values 310, 320.

(49) However, successively recorded 2-tuples of first and second pressure values 343, 344, 345 lie inside the first predetermined tolerance range of relative pressure values 310 and outside the second predetermined tolerance range of relative pressure values 320. In fact, the failure detection unit may determine a trend 360 based on the plurality of 2-tuples 341 to 345.

(50) The trend 360 shows that successive 2-tuples of first and second pressure values 341 to 345 point mainly in a direction that is parallel to the faultless operation curve 390. As shown in FIG. 3B, the case pressure values increase compared to the supply pressure values in the same proportions as the 2-tuples of the faultless operation curve 390. The trend 360 may be indicative of a hydraulically operated device failure, and thus, the failure detection unit may detect a failure of at least one of the plurality of hydraulically operated devices of the hydraulic system based on the trend 360.

(51) FIG. 3C is a diagram of an illustrative trend monitoring that is indicative of a hydraulically operated device failure that is followed by a pump failure. Illustratively, a failure detection unit (e.g., failure detection unit 260 of FIG. 1) memorizes 2-tuples of first and second pressure values 341 to 345 (e.g., 2-tuples of supply and case pressure) that are recorded during normal operation of the hydraulic system at successive time stamps.

(52) As shown in FIG. 3C, the first recorded 2-tuple of first and second pressure values 341 is located within the first and second predetermined tolerance ranges of relative pressure values 310, 320. At that time, no pump failure and no failure of at least one hydraulically operated device is detected.

(53) However, successively recorded 2-tuples of first and second pressure values 342, 343, 344, 345 lie outside the first and/or the second predetermined tolerance range of relative pressure values 310, 320. In fact, the failure detection unit may determine a first trend 360 based on the plurality of 2-tuples 341 to 343.

(54) This first trend 360 shows that successive 2-tuples of first and second pressure values 341 to 343 point mainly in a direction that is parallel to the faultless operation curve 390. As shown in FIG. 3C, the case pressure values increase compared to the supply pressure values in the same proportions as the 2-tuples of the faultless operation curve 390. The first trend 360 may be indicative of a hydraulically operated device failure, and thus, the failure detection unit may detect a failure of at least one of the plurality of hydraulically operated devices of the hydraulic system based on the first trend 360.

(55) Subsequently, the failure detection unit may determine a second trend 350 based on the 2-tuples 343 to 345.

(56) This second trend 350 shows that successive 2-tuples of first and second pressure values 343 to 345 point mainly in a direction away from the faultless operation curve 390. As shown in FIG. 3C, the case pressure values increase while the supply pressure values decrease. The trend 350 may be indicative of a pump failure, and thus, the failure detection unit may detect a failure of the pump based on the trend 350.

(57) FIG. 4 is a flowchart 400 showing illustrative operations for operating a failure detection apparatus such as the failure detection apparatus 200 of FIG. 1.

(58) During operation 410, the failure detection apparatus may, with a first pressure sensor, sense a first pressure value of the hydraulic fluid in the supply line.

(59) For example, the first pressure sensor 210 of the failure detection apparatus 200 of FIG. 1 may sense a first pressure value of the hydraulic fluid 120 in the supply line 140.

(60) During operation 420, the failure detection apparatus may, with the second pressure sensor, sense a second pressure value of the hydraulic fluid in the case drain line.

(61) For example, the second pressure sensor 220 of the failure detection apparatus 200 of FIG. 1 may sense a second pressure value of the hydraulic fluid 120 in the case drain line 150.

(62) During operation 430, the failure detection apparatus may, with the monitoring and failure detection unit, receive the first and second pressure values from the first and second pressure sensors.

(63) For example, the monitoring and failure detection unit 240 of the failure detection apparatus 200 of FIG. 1 may receive the first and second pressure values from the first and second pressure sensors 210, 220.

(64) During operation 440, the failure detection apparatus may, with the monitoring unit of the monitoring and failure detection unit, monitor first and second pressure values from the first and second pressure sensors when the hydraulic system is in a normal operation mode.

(65) For example, the monitoring unit 250 of the monitoring and failure detection unit 240 of the failure detection apparatus 200 of FIG. 1 may monitor first and second pressure values from the first and second pressure sensors 210, 220 when the hydraulic system 100 is in a normal operation mode.

(66) During operation 450, the failure detection apparatus may, with the failure detection unit of the monitoring and failure detection unit, memorize a plurality of 2-tuples of first and second pressure values in the normal operation mode.

(67) For example, the failure detection unit 260 of the monitoring and failure detection unit 240 of the failure detection apparatus 200 of FIG. 1 may memorize a plurality of 2-tuples of first and second pressure values (e.g., 2-tuples 341, 342, 343, 344, 345 of FIGS. 2 to 3C) in the normal operation mode.

(68) During operation 460, the failure detection apparatus may, with the failure detection unit of the monitoring and failure detection unit, detect a failure of at least one hydraulically operated device of the plurality of hydraulically operated devices when a 2-tuple of the plurality of 2-tuples is within a first predetermined tolerance range of relative pressure values and outside a second predetermined tolerance range of relative pressure values.

(69) For example, the failure detection unit 260 of the monitoring and failure detection unit 240 of the failure detection apparatus 200 of FIG. 1 may detect a failure of at least one hydraulically operated device of the plurality of hydraulically operated devices 130 when a 2-tuple of the plurality of 2-tuples 341, 342, 343, 344, 345 of FIGS. 2 to 3C is within a first predetermined tolerance range of relative pressure values 310 and outside a second predetermined tolerance range of relative pressure values 320.

(70) During operation 470, the failure detection apparatus may, with the failure detection unit, detect a failure of the pump when the 2-tuple of the plurality of 2-tuples is outside the first predetermined tolerance range of relative pressure values.

(71) For example, the failure detection unit 260 of the failure detection apparatus 200 of FIG. 1 may detect a failure of the pump 160 when the 2-tuple of the plurality of 2-tuples 341, 342, 343, 344, 345 of FIGS. 2 to 3C is outside the first predetermined tolerance range of relative pressure values 310.

(72) The hydraulic system may operate in the normal operation mode after having performed a successful calibration in a calibration mode. In preparation for the calibration, all components of the hydraulic system are verified as to whether the components have any defects.

(73) Then, in response to verifying that the components of the hydraulic system have no defects, the failure detection apparatus may, with the monitoring unit of the monitoring and failure detection unit, monitor first and second pressure values from the first and second pressure sensors and, with the failure detection unit of the monitoring and failure detection unit, memorize a plurality of 2-tuples of first and second pressure values.

(74) For example, the monitoring unit 250 of the monitoring and failure detection unit 240 of the failure detection apparatus 200 of FIG. 1 may monitor first and second pressure values from the first and second pressure sensors 210, 220, and the failure detection unit 260 of the monitoring and failure detection unit 240 of the failure detection apparatus 200 of FIG. 1 may memorize a plurality of 2-tuples of first and second pressure values (e.g., 2-tuples 341, 342, 343, 344, 345 of FIGS. 2 to 3C).

(75) Illustratively, the failure detection apparatus may, with the monitoring and failure detection unit, generate a faultless operation curve (e.g., faultless operation curve 390 of FIGS. 2 to 3C) based on an extrapolation of the first and second pressure values that are received by the monitoring and failure detection unit when the hydraulic system is in the calibration mode (i.e., based on the memorized plurality of 2-tuples of first and second pressure values).

(76) By way of example, the failure detection apparatus may, with the monitoring and failure detection unit, determine the first predetermined tolerance range of relative pressure values (e.g., predetermined tolerance range of relative pressure values 310 of FIGS. 2 to 3C) and the second predetermined tolerance range of relative pressure values (e.g., predetermined tolerance range of relative pressure values 320 of FIGS. 2 to 3C) based on the faultless operation curve.

(77) Illustratively, the failure detection apparatus may, with the monitoring and failure detection unit, determine a trend (e.g., trend 350 and/or trend 360 of FIGS. 2 to 3C) based on the plurality of 2-tuples (e.g., 2-tuples 341, 342, 343, 344, 345 of FIGS. 2 to 3C), and detect at least one of the failure of at least one hydraulically operated device of the plurality of hydraulically operated devices or the failure of the pump based on the trend.

(78) By way of example, the failure detection apparatus may, generate and provide statistics about the first and second pressure values of the hydraulic fluid based on the plurality of 2-tuples (e.g., 2-tuples 341, 342, 343, 344, 345 of FIGS. 2 to 3C) at the different time stamps.

(79) Illustratively, the failure detection apparatus may, in response to detecting a failure of the at least one hydraulically operated device of the plurality of hydraulically operated devices or in response to detecting a failure of the pump, notify an operator of the hydraulic system about the detected failure.

(80) It should be noted that modifications to the above described embodiments are within the common knowledge of the person skilled in the art and, thus, also considered as being part of the present disclosure.

(81) For example, the predetermined tolerance range of relative pressure values 310 of FIGS. 2 to 3C is shown as having a constant distance from the faultless operation curve 390. However, the predetermined tolerance range of relative pressure values 310 may have a distance from the faultless operation curve 390 that increases with an increase in supply pressure and/or case pressure, if desired.

(82) Similarly, the predetermined tolerance range of relative pressure values 320 of FIGS. 2 to 3C is shown as having a constant width independent of the case pressure 301. However, the predetermined tolerance range of relative pressure values 320 may increase in width with an increase in case pressure, if desired.

(83) Furthermore, the two-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system 300 of FIGS. 2 to 3C show case pressure 301 as ordinate and supply pressure 302 as abscissa. However, the two-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system 300 of FIGS. 2 to 3C may have the supply pressure 302 as ordinate and the case pressure 301 as abscissa, if desired.

REFERENCE LIST

(84) 10 hydraulic, failure detection-capable system 100 hydraulic system 110 tank 120 hydraulic fluid 130 hydraulically operated devices 140 supply line 150 case drain line 160 pump 170 return line 180 filter 190 drive mechanism 200 failure detection apparatus 210, 220 pressure sensor 230 temperature sensor 240 monitoring and failure detection unit 250 monitoring unit 260 failure detection unit 270 calibration unit 280 output device 300 two-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system 301 case pressure 302 supply pressure 310, 320 predetermined tolerance range of relative pressure values 330, 331, 332, 333, 334, 335 calibration point 341 2-tuple of supply and case pressure at a first time stamp 342 2-tuple of supply and case pressure at a second time stamp 343 2-tuple of supply and case pressure at a third time stamp 344 2-tuple of supply and case pressure at a fourth time stamp 345 2-tuple of supply and case pressure at time stamp n 350 trend monitoring indicative of pump failure 360 trend monitoring indicative of hydraulically operated device failure 390 faultless operation curve 400 method 410, 420, 430, 440, 450, 460, 470 operations