DRIVE TRAIN FOR A MIXER DRUM AND CONTROL DEVICE FOR SUCH A DRIVE TRAIN

Abstract

The disclosure relates to a drive train for a mixer drum, wherein the drive train comprises a generator which outputs a first alternating voltage to a first converter. The first converter is connected to a high-voltage direct voltage network. A second converter is also provided which is connected to the high-voltage direct voltage network and which supplies an electric motor with a second alternating voltage in order to drive the mixer drum. The drive train also comprises a high-voltage battery which is connected to the high-voltage direct voltage network. Finally, a control unit is also provided which is connected to the first and second power converters or the battery and thus controls a flow of energy via the high-voltage direct voltage network.

Claims

1. A drive train for a mixer drum comprising: a generator, which outputs a first AC voltage to a first power converter, wherein the first power converter is connected to a high-voltage DC grid; a second power converter, which is connected to the high-voltage DC grid and which supplies a second AC voltage to an electric motor for driving the mixer drum; a high-voltage battery, which is connected to the high-voltage DC grid; a control device, which is connected to the first and second power converters and/or the battery and therefore controls an energy flow over the high-voltage DC grid.

2. The drive train as claimed in claim 1, wherein a DC-DC converter is connected to the high-voltage DC grid and derives a low voltage from a high-voltage DC voltage from the high-voltage DC grid for supplying power to further components.

3. The drive train as claimed in claim 2, wherein the further components are a chute adjustment device and/or a drum lid and/or a cooling system.

4. The drive train as claimed in claim 1, wherein an on-board charger is connected to the high-voltage DC grid, wherein the on-board charger rectifies a connected external AC voltage and converts the external AC voltage into a high-voltage DC voltage.

5. The drive train as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a DC voltage terminal is connected to the high-voltage DC grid and wherein the DC voltage terminal converts an external DC voltage into a high-voltage DC voltage.

6. The drive train as claimed in claim 4, wherein the control device is connected to the on-board charger in order to regulate the energy flow.

7. The drive train as claimed in claim 1, wherein the control device has at least the following functions: speed regulation for a mixer drum, first monitoring for a maximum speed of the mixer drum, second monitoring for a preset direction of rotation of the mixer drum, holding of the mixer drum, compensation for an uneven distribution of a material in the mixer drum, and torque regulation of the mixer drum.

8. The drive train as claimed in claim 7, wherein the second power converter transmits data to the control device, wherein the data is derived at least from the following values: a first temperature value of the electric motor.

9. The drive train as claimed in claim 2, wherein the first and the second power converters and the DC-DC converter are accommodated together in a switchgear cabinet.

10. The drive train as claimed in claim 1, wherein at least one pilot contact is provided which in each case connects components of the drive train on a tractor and a trailer.

11. (canceled)

12. The drive train as claimed in claim 5, wherein the control device is connected to the DC voltage terminal in order to regulate the energy flow.

13. The drive train as claimed in claim 7, wherein the second power converter transmits data to the control device, wherein the data is derived at least from the following values: a first temperature value of the electric motor and a second temperature value of the second power converter.

14. The drive train as claimed in claim 13, wherein the data is also derived from a speed of the electric motor.

15. The drive train as claimed in claim 7, wherein the second power converter transmits data to the control device, wherein the data is derived at least from one of the following values: a first temperature value of the electric motor, or a second temperature value of the second power converter or a speed of the electric motor.

16. The drive train as claimed in claim 10, wherein the pilot contact is provided between the generator and the power converter at an interface between the tractor and the trailer.

17. The drive train as claimed in claim 2, further comprising a DC voltage terminal connected to the high-voltage DC grid and wherein the DC voltage terminal converts an external DC voltage into the a high-voltage DC voltage.

18. The drive train as claimed in claim 17, wherein the further components are a chute adjustment device and/or a drum lid and/or a cooling system.

19. The drive train as claimed in claim 2, further comprising a DC voltage terminal connected to the high-voltage DC grid and wherein the DC voltage terminal converts an external DC voltage into a high-voltage DC voltage.

20. The drive train as claimed in claim 2, wherein the control device has at least the following functions: speed regulation for a mixer drum, first monitoring for a maximum speed of the mixer drum, second monitoring for a preset direction of rotation of the mixer drum, holding of the mixer drum, compensation for an uneven distribution of a material in the mixer drum, and torque regulation of the mixer drum.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0029] Exemplary arrangements of the disclosure are illustrated in the drawings and will be explained in more detail in the description below, in which:

[0030] FIG. 1 shows a block circuit diagram of the drive train according to an exemplary arrangement;

[0031] FIG. 2 shows a layer model of software on a control device;

[0032] FIG. 3 shows a schematic illustration of a power converter;

[0033] FIG. 4 shows a schematic illustration of an on-board charger, and

[0034] FIG. 5 shows a block circuit diagram of the control device.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] FIG. 1 illustrates a block circuit diagram of the drive train according to the disclosure. Illustrated schematically are a tractor ZM and a trailer A. An internal combustion engine VM, which drives a generator G, is located in the tractor ZM. Therefore, the generator G can generate alternating current, which is transmitted in three-phase fashion to a first power converter SR1, wherein the power converter SR1 is located in the trailer. Elements such as, for example, other parts of the drive train which are connected to the internal combustion engine VM are not illustrated here.

[0036] A pilot contact is provided between the generator G and the power converter SR1 at the interface between the tractor ZM and the trailer A, which pilot contact prevents an arc from forming, for example during separation of this contact.

[0037] The power converter SR1 converts a high-voltage direct current, for example at 650 V, from an alternating current from the generator G. The power converter SR1 applies this direct current to a high-voltage DC grid HVN, to which further components are connected. An example of a connected component is a DC-DC converter GW, which has DC isolation, which is achieved magnetically or capacitively, for example. This DC-DC converter supplies a low voltage, for example 24 V, to further components which would overload an on-board power supply system of the tractor ZM. These components include a so-called chute adjustment device and/or a drum lid and/or a cooling system or further components which also need to be supplied such a low voltage.

[0038] Furthermore, a second inverter SR2 or power converter is connected to the high-voltage DC grid HVN, which inverter or power converter forms an AC voltage for the electric motor CMe from the high-voltage DC voltage. The electric motor CMe is connected to a mixer drum MT via a gear mechanism GT in order to rotate this mixer drum. The high-voltage DC grid HVN and the intermediate circuit of the inverter SR2 are at the same potential.

[0039] What is not illustrated is the fact that the electric motor CMe transmits sensor values, such as, for example the temperature of the winding or else the speed, to the power converter SR2, for example via a separate cable (not illustrated). The sensor values from the power converter SR2 either passes on to a control device eDCU or already further-processes and then transmits to the control device eDCU or even itself activates a function from these measured values, for example a change in the speed, a reduction in the electrical energy supplied or other measures. The power converter SR2 can also transmit other data to the control device eDCU. The control device eDCU is connected, for example via a CAN bus, to various components of the drive train, namely the power converter SR1, a rectifier GW, the power converter SR2, the battery HV-BAT, a DC terminal GA and an on-board charger OC. The control device eDCU has interfaces and a computation mechanism, such as a microcontroller, which processes the data of the connected devices and from this derives control signals by various functions. First, the control device eDCU controls the energy flow in the high-voltage DC grid. This proceeds, in the simplest case, by virtue of individual components being instructed to draw or provide energy or to no longer do this. Furthermore, it is possible that even this can take place in stages. That is to say that more or less energy can be provided or drawn. In addition, however, the control device has yet further functions. These include, for example, setting of the speed, setting of the torque, monitoring for a maximum permissible speed, ensuring a standstill of the drum, compensating for construction material in the drum in respect of its distribution, and further functions which can be performed by this control device.

[0040] The high-voltage DC grid is also supplied energy from the high-voltage battery HV-BAT. For this purpose, the high-voltage battery HV-BAT has contactors, but also a battery control device or at least one function which is associated with the control device eDCU. Thereby, the remaining energy contained in the battery HV-BAT and also the electrical parameters can be transmitted or else plausibility-checked. In the event of an excess energy on the high-voltage DC grid HVN, the battery HV-BAT can be charged therefrom.

[0041] Furthermore, the on-board charger GC and the DC voltage terminal GA are connected to the high-voltage DC grid. The on-board charger OC is intended for a steady-state AC voltage source such as the electrical grid to be connected to the trailer A in order for it to be possible for it to be charged therefrom, for example, when the concrete mixer is parked in its parking place, and in particular in this case the high-voltage battery HV-BAT. The DC voltage terminal GA is provided for the same purpose when there is a DC voltage source via which the high-voltage DC grid HVN can also then be supplied energy.

[0042] In one exemplary arrangement, a length of the electric motor CMe and the gear mechanism GT has been found to be a value of 685 mm. This length has been found to result in a space-saving configuration.

[0043] FIG. 2 illustrates a layer model of software which is used on the control device eDCU. The microcontroller hardware is present as the lowermost layer MH. Then there is an operating system BS, the so-called Basic Input/Output System BIOS, a memory management MM and a diagnosis DI as the next layers. Above the BIOS, there is furthermore also a communications layer KO, a sensor actuator layer S-A and an input/output system layer 10.

[0044] Above these elements there is a signal abstraction layer SA, in which signals from the motor VM, from the power converters SR1 and SR2 and from the DC-DC converter GW, the battery HV-BAT, the electric machine CMe and other components are provided. Above the signal abstraction layer SA, there is then an important layer: a function software FSW, in which, as illustrated above, the energy flow management but also the control of the drum is provided with the different functions. Furthermore, error handling FH is also provided as well as a safety function SF and a statistic function ST. The signal abstraction layer SA ensures that all of the signals in the layer relevant for the function software FSW arrive in appropriately scaled and error-handled fashion. Furthermore, the control device eDCU ensures that booting-up and shutting-down of the entire system is controlled and monitored. For example, the control device eDCU can charge the battery in driving states in which there is less traction drive power, so that the destination is reached with the battery charged and the driver can switch off the internal combustion engine.

[0045] FIG. 3 shows, in a block circuit diagram in simplified form, a power converter, such as, for example, SR2 as inverter. First, a DC voltage filter DC-F is provided at the input, and a capacitance circuit, for example for filtering out harmonics, is connected to said DC-voltage filter. In a power section PB in which the power switches are located, for example interconnected in a bridge circuit B6, the AC voltage is generated, in this case in three phases, from the DC voltage of the intermediate circuit. In this case, the principle of chopping is used. By a control function CB, a power board PB is driven and also values regarding, for example, heat development etc. are taken. As illustrated above, the control function CB is connected to the control device eDCU, but also to the electric motor CMe in order to pick up sensor values and to transmit further signals. The power board PB is connected on the output side to an AC filter AC-F, which is then connected to the electric motor at the output O. The filters AC-F and DC-F are provided for filtering out high frequency components.

[0046] FIG. 4 shows the basic design of the on-board charger. The alternating current is taken up from the external AC source via a so-called relay matrix RM. Then, the alternating current passes into the rectifier PFC via a filter EMC-F. The rectified voltage is then converted into the high-voltage DC voltage in the DC-DC converter GW, which in turn is DC-isolated, in order then to now be applied to the output filter O-EMC-F.

[0047] FIG. 5 shows, in a block circuit diagram, the control device eDCU according to the disclosure, which is generally located in a housing. Only the components which are necessary for understanding the disclosure are illustrated here. Data are received and transmitted via a bus interface CAN-IF for the so-called CAN bus. The microcontroller μC is connected to this interface, on which microcontroller, for example, functions F1, F2 and F3 are provided as illustrated above, and these functions are applied by the microcontroller using the data flowing thereto. As illustrated above, one of the most important functions is to control the energy flow over the high-voltage DC grid HVN. As illustrated above, the control device eDCU is also connected to an input interface, via which, for example, an operator can input instructions regarding the drum behavior and other components. These instructions are then implemented here corresponding to the sensor values and available functions.