METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR SEPARATING FEED MATERIAL

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for separating feed material, wherein the feed material comprises at least one ferromagnetic material fraction and a non-ferrous material fraction, wherein a conveying stream is fed to a first separation of a first ferromagnetic material fraction, in particular by means of a first magnetic separating device (1), wherein the conveying stream is subsequently fed to a second separation of a second ferromagnetic material fraction from the conveying stream, in particular by means of a second magnetic separating device (2), and wherein a redistribution and/or reallocation of the material of the conveying stream takes place between the first separation and the second separation.

Claims

1. A method for separating feed material, wherein the feed material comprises at least one ferromagnetic material fraction and one non-ferrous material fraction, wherein a conveying stream is fed to a first separation of a first ferromagnetic material fraction, by a first magnetic separating device, wherein the conveying stream is subsequently fed to a second separation of a second ferromagnetic material fraction from the conveying stream, by a second magnetic separating device, and wherein a redistribution and/or reallocation of the material of the conveying stream takes place between the first separation and the second separation.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the feed material is fed into a metering hopper device.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the material to be conveyed is transferred as a conveying stream from the metering hopper device to a metering device, in particular a belt feeder, preferably a hopper discharge belt, the conveying stream being conveyed along the metering device.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the conveying stream is fed to the first separation via a conveying device, preferably an accelerating belt, in particular wherein the conveying stream is transferred from the metering device to the conveying device and/or wherein the conveying stream is equalized in the conveying direction after transfer from the metering device to the conveying device and/or wherein the speed of the conveying device is greater, preferably by at least 15% greater, than the speed of the metering device.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the conveying stream is fed to the second separation via a further conveying device, preferably a vibrating chute, in particular wherein the further conveying device vibrates and/or oscillates.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the conveying direction of the conveying device runs at an angle α of greater than 90°, preferably between 120° and 210°, to the conveying direction of the further conveying device.

7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the conveying stream is discharged from the conveying device onto the further conveying device.

8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first separation takes place in the region of the belt transfer of the conveying device to the further conveying device.

9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the conveying stream is discharged from the further conveying device onto the second magnetic separating device and/or that the second separation takes place while the conveying stream is conveyed along the further conveying device.

10. The method according to claim 1, wherein a third separation of a non-magnetic and electrically conductive third material fraction from the conveying stream takes place, in particular wherein the third separation takes place after the second separation.

11. The method according to claim 1, wherein a fourth separation of a fourth material fraction takes place by means of an air separator, in particular wherein the fourth separation takes place after the first separation and before the second separation, preferably when the conveying stream is discharged onto the further conveying device, and/or after the third separation.

12. An apparatus configured to separate feed material, having a first magnetic separating device adapted to separate a first ferromagnetic material fraction, a second magnetic separating device adapted to separate a second ferromagnetic material fraction, a conveying device adapted to supply the conveying stream to the first magnetic separating device, a further conveying device adapted to supply the conveying stream to the second magnetic separating device, wherein the conveying device and the further conveying device are arranged such that redistribution and/or reallocation of the material of the conveying stream takes place between the first magnetic separating device and the second magnetic separating device and, preferably, that the conveying direction of the conveying device extends at an angle α of greater than 90° to the conveying direction of the further conveying device.

13. The apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the apparatus is a mobile, movable unit.

14. The apparatus according to claim 12, wherein a metering hopper device is provided, in particular the metering hopper device having a feed opening for feeding the feed material and/or the metering hopper device having at least one, in particular adjustable, metering opening.

15. The apparatus according to claim 12, wherein a metering device for conveying the conveying stream is provided at least in regions below the metering hopper device, in particular below the metering opening and/or facing away from the feed opening, in particular the metering device is a belt feeder, preferably a hopper discharge belt.

16. The apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the conveying device is arranged in such a way that the conveying stream can be transferred from the metering device to the conveying device, in particular wherein the conveying device a conveyor belt, preferably an accelerating belt.

17. The apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the first magnetic separating device overband magnetic separator, in particular the first magnetic separating device being arranged above the conveying device, preferably in the region of the belt transfer between the conveying device and the further conveying device and/or in the region of the belt end of the conveying device facing away from the metering device.

18. The apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the further conveying device is arranged in such a way that the conveying stream can be transferred, in particular discharged, from the conveying device to the further conveying device, in particular the further conveying device being arranged at least in regions below the conveying device, facing away from the first magnetic separating device, and/or the further conveying device is a vibrating chute and/or as a conveyor belt.

19. The apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the second magnetic separating device is arranged at least in regions below the further conveying device, facing away from the first magnetic separating device, in particular wherein the conveying stream can be discharged from the further conveying device onto the second magnetic separating device and/or wherein the second magnetic separating device is constructed as a preferably rotatable magnetic drum, and/or in that the second magnetic separating device is arranged in and/or on the further conveying device, preferably at the end of the further conveying device, further preferably facing away from the belt transfer.

20. The apparatus according to claim 12, wherein an eddy current separating device is provided for separating at least one non-magnetic and electrically conductive third material fraction, in particular the eddy current separating device being arranged in such a way that the conveying current from the second magnetic separating device can be transferred, in particular discharged, to the eddy current separating device and/or the eddy current separating device being arranged at least in regions below the second magnetic separating device, facing away from the first magnetic separating device.

21. The apparatus according to claim 12, wherein at least one air separator is provided for separating a fourth material fraction, in particular wherein the air separator is arranged in such a way that the conveying stream and/or the third material fraction can be transferred from the eddy current separating device to the air separator and/or wherein the air separator is arranged between the conveying device and the further conveying device, preferably in the region of the belt transfer.

22. The apparatus according to claim 12, wherein at least one, in particular height-adjustable, metering means is provided, which is preferably arranged in and/or on the metering hopper device, in particular wherein the metering means is a metering roller and/or as a slide and/or as a pivotable flap.

23. The apparatus according to claim 12, wherein a cage-frame is provided, which is provided at least regionally on the outside of the apparatus and is used in particular for arranging, fastening and/or supporting the individual, preferably modular, components of the apparatus.

24. The apparatus according to claim 12, wherein a bearing means of the frame is provided for bearing the apparatus, in particular wherein the bearing means is arranged on the underside of the apparatus, facing a base, and/or wherein at least one axle, preferably two axles, are fastened to the bearing means, and on to the axle wheels are fastened, preferably at least two wheels are fastened to each axle, and/or wherein at least one drawbar is attached to the bearing means and/or wherein at least one, preferably extendable, support, preferably at least four supports, is provided on the bearing means for support on the base.

25. The apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the apparatus is a trailer and/or that the individual components of the apparatus are a modular manner for arrangement in the frame.

26. The apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the apparatus, preferably the conveying devices, is configured such that the cross-section of the conveying stream in the conveying direction, in particular the cross-section transverse to the conveying direction, increases from the beginning to the end, in particular from the region of the inlet of the conveying stream to the region of the outlet of the conveying stream from the apparatus, preferably by at least 10%.

Description

[0137] Further features, advantages and possible applications of the present invention will be apparent from the following description of examples of embodiments with reference to the drawing and the drawing itself. In this connection, all the features described and/or illustrated constitute, individually or in any combination, the subject-matter of the present invention, irrespective of their summary in the claims and their relation back.

[0138] It shows:

[0139] FIG. 1 a schematic perspective view of an apparatus according to the invention,

[0140] FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a further embodiment of the apparatus according to the invention,

[0141] FIG. 3 a schematic top view of a further embodiment of the apparatus according to the invention,

[0142] FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of a method according to the invention,

[0143] FIG. 5 a schematic representation of a further embodiment of the method according to the invention,

[0144] FIG. 6 a schematic representation of the belt transfer according to the invention,

[0145] FIG. 7 a schematic perspective view of a further embodiment of the apparatus according to the invention,

[0146] FIG. 8 a schematic cross-sectional view of a further embodiment of the apparatus according to the invention,

[0147] FIG. 9 a schematic representation of a further embodiment of the method according to the invention and

[0148] FIG. 10 a schematic representation of a further embodiment of the belt transfer according to the invention.

[0149] FIGS. 4 and 5 schematically show the sequence of a method for separating feed material. The feed material comprises at least one ferromagnetic material fraction and at least one non-ferrous material fraction (a non-ferrous metallic material fraction and/or a non-magnetic metallic material fraction). In this context, the ferromagnetic material fraction is to be understood such that this material fraction comprises and/or consists of ferromagnetic components. The non-ferrous material fraction may also comprise and/or consist of non-ferrous components and/or non-ferrous metal particles.

[0150] FIG. 5 further shows that a conveying stream is fed to a first separation of a ferromagnetic material fraction. In particular, the first separation is carried out by means of a first magnetic separating device 1. Subsequently, the conveying stream is supplied to a second separation of a second ferromagnetic material fraction. In particular, the second separation takes place by means of a second magnetic separating device 2, as can be seen in FIGS. 4 and 5.

[0151] According to the method, it is provided that a redistribution and/or reallocation of the material of the conveying stream takes place between the first separation and the second separation.

[0152] A reallocation and/or redistribution of the material is to be understood in such a way that ultimately the material of the conveying stream is mixed and fed to the second separation in a predominantly changed arrangement.

[0153] If, for example, there is still a layering in the conveying stream, the reallocation can be understood in such a way that at least one “lower” layer—with respect to the cross-section of the conveying stream, in particular viewed transversely to the conveying direction—can be arranged in the “upper” layer region after the first separation.

[0154] Ultimately, those lower components of the conveying stream which are arranged at least substantially on the lower side—facing a base 17—before the first separation may be arranged on the upper side in the cross-section, in particular viewed transversely to the conveying direction, of the conveying stream—facing away from the base 17—after the first separation and before the second separation. This can apply both to the redistribution and to the reallocation.

[0155] The base 17 may be understood as the area on which the apparatus 9 carrying out the method is arranged and/or parked.

[0156] A redistribution of the material of the conveying stream can be understood in such a way that—if, for example, no layer structure is present—a strong mixing and a reallocation and/or a “turning upside down” of the material of the conveying stream takes place between the first magnetic separating device 1 and the second magnetic separating device 2. In particular, ferromagnetic material particles and/or components can be fed to the second separation, which were not separable and/or separated with the first separation, ultimately because they were not or only poorly accessible.

[0157] Consequently, a reallocation and/or redistribution of the material of the conveying stream leads to an increase in the degree of separation of the ferromagnetic material fractions.

[0158] FIG. 5 shows that the feed material is fed into a metering hopper device 3. The dosing hopper device 3 can be designed as a bunker and ultimately serve to store and bunker the feed material.

[0159] The material to be conveyed can be transferred as a conveying stream from the metering hopper device 3 onto or to a metering device 4, in particular a belt feeder, preferably a hopper discharge belt. This is provided subsequent to the feeding of the feed material. The conveying stream is conveyed along the metering device 4.

[0160] FIGS. 4 and 5 show that the conveying stream is fed to the first separation—in particular to the first separating device 1—via a conveying device 5. The conveying device 5 can be designed as an accelerating belt. FIG. 4 shows that the conveying stream is transferred from the metering device 4 to the conveying device 5.

[0161] The conveying stream can be equalized along the conveying direction F of the conveying device 5. For this purpose, the speed of the conveying device 5 can be greater than the speed of the metering device 4. In particular, the speed is greater by at least 15%. An—at least partially provided—material separation can be achieved along the conveying device 5 in conveying direction F.

[0162] Furthermore, FIGS. 4 and 5 show that the conveying stream is fed to the second separation via a further conveying device 6. In the embodiment example shown in FIG. 2, the further conveying device 6 is designed as a vibrating chute which vibrates and/or oscillates to convey the conveying stream. In particular, the conveyed material is discharged from the further conveying device 6 onto the second magnetic separating device 2, as shown in FIG. 2.

[0163] FIG. 8 shows that the further conveying device 6 can also be designed as a conveyor belt.

[0164] In the embodiment example shown in FIG. 8, the second magnetic separating device 2 is arranged within or on the further conveying device 6. In the illustrated embodiment example, the second magnetic separating device 2 is designed as a magnetic deflecting roller of the further conveying device 6.

[0165] It is not shown that the first magnetic separating device 1 can also be arranged in or on the conveying device 5, in particular can be designed as a magnetic deflection roller in the area of the belt transfer 7.

[0166] FIG. 6 shows that the conveying direction F of the conveying device 5 runs at an angle α of greater than 90° to the conveying direction F of the further conveying device 6. In the illustrated embodiment example, the angle α is between 120° to 210°, in particular approximately 120°+/−20°. Due to the conveying directions F of the conveying device 5 and the further conveying device 6 extending at the angle α to each other, a redistribution and/or reallocation of the material can be achieved. Ultimately, the material flow to be conveyed can be subject to a reversal.

[0167] The further conveying device 6 is arranged below the conveying device 5 and projects over the discharge end of the conveying device 5 in the conveying direction F of the conveying device 5, so that the discharged material can be picked up by the further conveying device 6 without loss.

[0168] FIG. 2 shows that the conveying stream is discharged from the conveying device 5 onto the further conveying device 6. This can take place before the second separation and is ultimately provided in the area of the belt transfer 7 between the first conveying device 5 and the second conveying device 6.

[0169] The first separation can take place in the area of the belt transfer 7 of the conveying device 5 to the further conveying device 6. In particular, the first separation already takes place in the region of the belt end 12 of the conveying device 5, which faces away from the metering device 4.

[0170] FIG. 4 shows, as previously explained, that the conveying stream from the further conveying device 6 is dropped onto the second magnetic separating device 2, where the second separation takes place. By dropping the material onto the second magnetic separating device 2, a redistribution of the material can again be caused, which ultimately increases the degree of separation of the second separation.

[0171] FIG. 9 shows that the further conveying device 6 is designed as a conveyor belt, the second magnetic separating device 2 being designed as a deflecting roller and being arranged at the end, facing away from the belt transfer 7. Accordingly, the second separation can be made possible by the further conveying device 6 which is magnetic at the end.

[0172] FIG. 4 shows that a third separation of a non-magnetic and electrically conductive third material fraction (non-ferrous fraction) from the conveying stream takes place. In the illustrated embodiment, the third separation is provided after the second separation, wherein the third separation can be carried out by means of an eddy current separating device 13.

[0173] In addition, FIG. 4 shows that a fourth separation of a fourth fraction of material is carried out by means of an air separator 8. According to the embodiment example shown in FIG. 4, the fourth separation is performed after the third separation. In particular, the fourth separation may be carried out with the separated third material fraction which is non-magnetic and electrically conductive, comprising in particular the non-ferrous material fraction. Alternatively or additionally, the fourth separation may be carried out with the conveying stream separated from the third material fraction and/or with the residual fraction.

[0174] FIG. 5 shows that the air separator 8 can also be arranged in the area of the belt transfer 7. The fourth separation may take place after and/or before and/or during the first separation.

[0175] In the embodiment example shown in FIG. 5, no further air separator 8 is provided downstream of the third separation. However, this may be provided in further embodiments not shown.

[0176] In the embodiment example shown in FIG. 5, the third separation is designed in such a way that at least two non-magnetic and electrically conductive third material fractions can be separated. In this respect, the eddy current separating device 13 can be designed in such a way that the non-ferrous metals to be separated can be separated from one another, in particular according to their material. For example, separate separation of aluminium, bronze, brass and/or copper can be performed.

[0177] In the method, it can be provided in principle that the conveying stream is again fed to the metering hopper device 3 as feed material after the third separation and/or the fourth separation. In this way, the conveying stream can pass through the method several times, in particular at least twice. For effective separation of the ferromagnetic material fractions, however, a single pass through the method is sufficient.

[0178] Before the feed material is fed in, it may have been previously comminuted and/or separated. In particular, the material stream to be processed is to be treated in such a way that the material fractions to be separated can also be separated via individual components that can be separated from each other. Preferably, a multiple method run may also be performed for the separated third substance fraction and/or the separated third substance fractions. The non-ferrous material fractions may be fed again, so that the selective throw-off behavior of the eddy current separating device 13 is utilized and/or an extraordinary separation efficiency for the non-ferrous metals is achieved. This can be done within a post-cleaning method with a significantly reduced fraction, preferably automatically by dosing from the metering hopper device 3. For example, this can be done within a night shift. During a day shift—in which the apparatus 9 is used—the primary volume of process material or feed material can be processed—which represents the usual method sequence.

[0179] The separated material fractions and/or the residual fraction can be separated and/or collected via material discharge means 22a-22h. Material discharge means 22a-22h may be conveyor belts, chutes and/or containers or the like. Ultimately, this serves to discharge the separated material fractions.

[0180] The material discharge means 22a shows a means for material discharge for the first material fraction, the material discharge means 22b shows a means for material discharge for the second material fraction, whereas the material discharge means 22f-22h each show a means for material discharge after the third separation.

[0181] As can be seen from FIG. 9, the second material fraction can be divided and/or separated into at least two material fractions—on the basis of their magnetic properties. Separating means 23, which may be formed as a separating plate and/or as a separating apex plate, may be used for this purpose, for example.

[0182] FIG. 9 shows that at least two separating means 23 are provided for the second material fraction. The second material fraction may be supplied to the material discharge means 22c and 22d via separating means 23. For example, the material discharge means 22c can be used to separate a stainless steel fraction of the second material fraction which has lower ferromagnetic properties than the ferrous fraction of the second material fraction which can be discharged via the material discharge means 22d.

[0183] It is not shown that separating means 23 for “sub-fractionation” may also be provided for the first material fraction, which may perform separation on the basis of magnetic properties. In this context, it is understood that a plurality of material discharge means 22 may also be provided for the first material fraction.

[0184] FIG. 10 shows that one separating means 23 may be formed as an angled apex sheet and another separating means 23 may be formed as a straight, non-angled sheet.

[0185] Not shown is that only one separating agent 23 can be used to sub-fractionate the second ferromagnetic material fraction.

[0186] It is not shown that an extension and/or widening of the passage cross-section of the conveying stream in conveying direction F is provided. Preferably, the conveying means transporting the conveying stream, in particular the conveying means 5, the further conveying means 6 and/or eddy current separating means 13, become wider along or in the conveying direction F. This can be done by a gradual widening of the conveyor belts. Preferably, the width of the conveyor belts increases in total by at least 15%.

[0187] FIG. 1 shows an apparatus 9 for carrying out the method according to one of the embodiments described above. The apparatus 9 is provided for separating feed material. The feed material comprises at least one ferromagnetic material fraction and at least one non-ferrous material fraction. The apparatus 9 comprises a first magnetic separating device 1 for first separation of a first ferromagnetic material fraction. Furthermore, the apparatus 9 comprises a second magnetic separating device 2 for second separation of a second ferromagnetic material fraction. A conveying device 5 is provided for supplying the conveying stream to the first magnetic separating device 1. A further conveying device 6 is in turn provided for supplying the conveying stream to the second magnetic separating device 2, wherein the conveying device 5 and the further conveying device 6 are arranged in such a way that a redistribution and/or reallocation of the material of the conveying stream takes place between the first magnetic separating device 1 and the second magnetic separating device 2.

[0188] FIG. 6 shows that the conveying direction F of the conveying device 5 runs at an angle α of greater than 90° to the conveying direction F of the further conveying device 6. In the illustrated embodiment example, the angle α is approximately 120°+/−20°.

[0189] The redistribution and/or reallocation of the material of the conveying stream has been explained at the beginning, and reference may be made to these explanations in this context.

[0190] The apparatus 9 is ultimately designed in such a way that a double ferromagnetic separation can take place, wherein in addition the, in particular metallic, non-ferrous material fraction can be separated from the conveying stream. In particular, the metallic fractions of the feed material can be separated.

[0191] The apparatus 9 shown in FIG. 1 is designed as a mobile unit. The mobile unit can be transported, in particular moved, for example along roads. Consequently, the apparatus 9 can be used at different locations. A towing vehicle can be provided for moving the apparatus 9.

[0192] Due to the redistribution and/or reallocation of the material and thus due to the particular arrangement of the conveying device 5 and the further conveying device 6, a compact longitudinal design of the apparatus 9 can be made possible, which ultimately also ensures its design as a mobile unit. The individual components can be arranged in areas one above the other or one below the other, so that the available space can be utilized at least substantially in the best possible way.

[0193] By means of the second magnetic separating device 2, in particular small parts of the conveying stream which have not been separable by the first magnetic separating device 1 can be separated. This second separation can, for example, take place with a contacting surface to which the second ferromagnetic material fraction can adhere.

[0194] FIG. 3 shows a top view of the apparatus 9. Furthermore, FIG. 3 shows that a metering hopper device 3 is provided. In the illustrated embodiment example, the metering hopper device 3 is arranged at the top of the apparatus 9, facing away from a base 17.

[0195] The metering hopper device 3 is used for feeding the feed material and ultimately also for storing and metered addition of the feed material as a conveying stream to the units carrying out the method.

[0196] The metering hopper device 3 has a feed opening 10 for feeding the feed material. A metering opening 11 of the metering hopper device 3 is provided on the underside of the metering hopper device 3, facing the base 17, as can be seen in FIG. 5.

[0197] It is not shown that the metering opening 11 can also be adjusted, in particular closed and/or opened. Ultimately, the metering hopper device 3 may be formed as an at least substantially truncated pyramid-shaped and/or cuboid-shaped receptacle. Ultimately, the dosing hopper device 3 may have at least substantially oblique side walls tapering towards the metering opening 11.

[0198] The feed of the material onto the metering hopper device 3 can take place in longitudinal direction—that is in longitudinal extension of the apparatus 9. In this way, the material can be given a longitudinal orientation in the direction of material flow. A conveyor belt can also be arranged on the metering hopper device 3, which feeds the feed material to the metering hopper device 3.

[0199] Furthermore, at least one, in particular height-adjustable, metering means 14 can be provided. The metering means 14 can be arranged on and/or in the metering hopper device 3—as shown schematically in FIG. 4. In particular, the metering means 14 may be formed as one or more dosing rollers and/or as a slider. The metering rollers can be arranged within the metering hopper device 3 on the upper side—facing away from the base 17—of the metering opening 11. The feed material can first be guided over the metering rollers before being fed to the conveying device 5, so that in particular a separation and/or loosening of the feed material takes place.

[0200] The slider can serve to equalize the feed material in the metering hopper device 3. The metering hopper device 3 can ultimately also be of two-part design, in particular if metering rollers are provided in the metering hopper device 3, wherein the metering rollers can be arranged in an upper part of the metering hopper device 3.

[0201] In FIG. 1 it is shown that a metering means 14 designed as a pivotable flap is provided, wherein the feed material of the metering hopper device 3 can be transferred in the longitudinal direction of the apparatus 9 via the pivotable flap. The flap thus represents the rear short side of the feed hopper and/or of the metering hopper device 3.

[0202] FIG. 2 shows that a metering device 4 for conveying the conveying stream is provided at least in regions below the metering hopper device 3, in particular below the metering opening 11 and/or facing away from the feed opening 10. In the embodiment example shown, the metering device 4 is designed as a belt feeder, in particular as a hopper discharge belt. By feeding onto the metering device 4, the feed material is fed as a conveying stream to the first magnetic separating device 1.

[0203] In the embodiment example shown in FIG. 2, the conveying device 5 is arranged in such a way that the conveying stream can be transferred from the metering device 4 to the conveying device 5. Upon transfer from the metering device 4 to the conveying device 5, the conveying stream can be discharged onto the conveying device 5. As shown in the illustrated embodiment example, the conveying device 5 is designed as a transport and acceleration belt.

[0204] The speed of the conveying device 5 may be greater, in particular at least 15% greater and/or between 100% and 500% greater, than the speed of the metering device 4. Along the conveying device 5, the conveying stream is equalized in conveying direction F, wherein the material of the conveying stream is at least substantially separated.

[0205] FIG. 1 shows that the first magnetic separating device 1 is designed as an overband magnetic separator. The first magnetic separating device 1 is arranged above the conveying device 5. FIG. 2 shows that the first magnetic separating device 1 is arranged in the region of the belt transfer 7 between the conveying device 5 and the further conveying device 6 and in the region of the belt end 12 of the conveying device 5 facing away from the metering device 4. The arrangement of the first magnetic separating device 1 is thereby provided in such a way that along the conveying direction F of the conveying device 5 the first ferromagnetic material fraction can be separated from the conveying stream.

[0206] After separation of the first ferromagnetic material fraction via the first magnetic separating device 1, the first ferromagnetic material fraction can be fed to a material discharge means 22a, in the illustrated embodiment example according to FIG. 1 a chute.

[0207] It is not shown that a container and/or a conveyor belt may also be provided as the material discharge means 22a of the first magnetic separating device 1.

[0208] The first magnetic separating device 1 is designed in such a way that the first ferromagnetic material fraction adhering to it can be separated via the material discharge means 22, wherein the magnetic connection between the first ferromagnetic material fraction and the magnetic separating device 1 designed as an overband magnetic separator can be released—for example by a separator.

[0209] It can be seen from FIG. 2 that the first conveying device 5 is inclined upwards with respect to the base 17 on which the apparatus 9 is arranged.

[0210] The metering means 4 may extend at least substantially parallel to the base 17, and the metering means 4 may include an angle of at most 15°+/−5° with respect to the base 17.

[0211] The conveying device 5 can enclose an angle of 45°+/−20° with respect to the metering device 4 and/or the base 17 and ultimately convey the conveying stream upwards—that is, away from the base 17—whereby the compact design and the road-mobile design of the apparatus 9 can be made possible.

[0212] The first magnetic separating device 1 designed as an overband magnetic separator and/or the further conveying device 6 may be arranged at least substantially parallel to the metering device 4 and/or the base 17, in particular with an angular deviation of +/−10°.

[0213] FIG. 2 shows that the further conveying device 6 is arranged in such a way that the conveying stream can be transferred from the conveying device 5 to the further conveying device 6. In the method sequence shown in FIG. 4, it is provided that the conveying stream is discharged from the conveying device 5 onto the further conveying device 6.

[0214] Furthermore, FIG. 2 shows that the further conveying device 6 is arranged, at least in some regions, below the conveying device 5, facing away from the first magnetic separating device 1.

[0215] The further conveying device 6 may be designed as a vibrating chute, which transports the material to be conveyed as a conveying stream to the second magnetic separating device 2 by means of vibrations and/or oscillations.

[0216] FIG. 8 shows that the further conveying device 6 can be designed as a transport and/or conveyor belt.

[0217] It is further apparent from FIGS. 8 and 9 that the second magnetic separating device 2 may be arranged on and/or in the further conveying device 6, which is in the form of a conveyor belt. In the illustrated embodiment example, the second magnetic separating device 2 is designed as a magnetic deflecting roller. Accordingly, the conveying stream from the further conveying device 6 is not discharged onto the second magnetic separating device 2, but the second separation takes place along the conveying direction F of the further conveying device 6. By means of the second magnetic separating device 2, which is designed as a deflecting roller, a further sub-fractionation of the second ferromagnetic material fraction can take place, in particular wherein stainless steel particles can be separated via the material discharge means 22d.

[0218] It is not shown that the first magnetic separating device 1 may also be designed as a magnetic deflection roller, which may be arranged on and/or in the conveying device 5.

[0219] Moreover, FIG. 2 shows that the second magnetic separating device 2 is arranged at least in some regions below the further conveying device 6, facing away from the first magnetic separating device 1. The conveying stream can be discharged from the further conveying device 6 onto the second magnetic separating device 2. In the illustrated embodiment example, the second magnetic separating device 2 is formed as a rotatable magnetic drum. The rotatable magnetic drum may ultimately have a contactive surface, so that it may be formed as a magnetic separator roller. Small parts in particular, which could not be separated with the first magnetic separating device 1 designed as an overband magnetic separator, adhere to the contactive surface of the magnetic drum.

[0220] Accordingly, the second ferromagnetic material fraction 2 adheres to the contactive surface of the second magnetic separating device 2, which can be transferred to a material discharge means 22. The transfer to the material discharge means 22, which is in the form of a chute, is shown in FIG. 2.

[0221] Not shown is that the material discharge means 22 may also be in the form of a conveyor belt and/or container.

[0222] The second magnetic separating device 2 is designed in such a way that the second ferromagnetic material fraction can be transferred to the material discharge means 22. The conveying stream freed from the second ferromagnetic material fraction can be transported further in conveying direction F, as can be seen from FIG. 4.

[0223] Consequently, before the third separation, the ferrous parts and/or the stainless steel components of the conveying stream can be separated, in particular divided.

[0224] FIG. 1 shows that an eddy current separating device 13 is provided for separating at least one non-magnetic and electrically conductive third material fraction. The third material fraction may comprise and/or include the non-ferrous material fraction. As the non-ferrous material fraction, non-magnetic metals may be extracted from the conveying stream. The non-ferrous metals (NF metals) are primarily light metals and/or copper, brass and/or bronze particles and/or stainless steel and/or aluminum.

[0225] In the embodiment example shown in FIG. 5, the eddy current separating device 13 is designed such that two different non-ferrous material fractions or two different third material fractions can be separated. These material fractions may differ with respect to their material. For example, particles and/or components of the conveying stream comprising copper, aluminum, brass and/or bronze and/or stainless steel can be separated separately. Also, the third material fraction may be discharged via at least one material discharge means 22 (shown: 22f and 22g), which may be in the form of a chute, conveyor belt and/or container.

[0226] The eddy current separating device 13 can be designed in such a way that the non-ferrous metal fraction (third material fraction) is separated by induced magnetic fields. The eddy current separating device 13 may also be referred to as a non-ferrous separator. The eddy current separating device 13 may comprise a magnet system, in particular a rotor, which is made of and/or comprises permanent magnet material, in particular neodymium. Longitudinal grooves may be arranged on the circumference of the rotor with alternating magnetic poles. The rotor can rotate as a pole wheel, over which the conveyor belt with the bulk material and/or the conveying stream runs. The conveying stream is subjected to an alternating magnetic field in the eddy current separating device 13, whereby eddy currents perpendicular to the alternating magnetic flux are generated within the particles. These eddy currents in turn set up magnetic fields opposing the induced fields. This results in a repulsive force effect. The conductive particles are thrown off and collected in the conveying direction F of the conveyor belt by the magnetic force effect. The non-conductive residual fraction (the remaining conveying stream) falls down at the end of the conveyor belt in a discharge parabola unaffected by the magnetic field and/or is discharged via a material discharge means 22h.

[0227] FIG. 2 shows that the eddy current separating device 13 can be arranged at least substantially below the further conveying device 6 and in particular below the second magnetic separating device 2—facing the base 17. This further supports the compact design of the apparatus 9. Furthermore, the eddy current separating device 13 may also be arranged below the conveying device 5 and, at least in regions, below the metering device 4.

[0228] FIGS. 4 and 5 show that an air separator 8 is provided for separating a fourth material fraction. The air separator 8 can be arranged in such a way that the conveying stream and/or the third material fraction can be transferred from the eddy current separating device 13 to the air separator 8, as can be seen in FIG. 4. Downstream of the air separator 8, a material discharge means 22 (in FIG. 5 22e) can be arranged, which serves to collect the fourth material fraction separated by the air separator 8.

[0229] The air separator 8 can be designed in such a way that in particular light, preferably non-metallic particles can be separated—such as plastic films or the like. The air separator 8 may lead to the separation of a fourth material fraction by a wind flow directed towards the conveying stream, which may be blown out of the conveying stream on the basis of its inertial and/or gravitational properties.

[0230] In the embodiment example shown in FIG. 5, it is provided that the air separator 8 is arranged between the conveying device 5 and the further conveying device 6—namely in the region of the belt transfer 7. Accordingly, in the region of the belt transfer 7, both the first separation of the first ferromagnetic material fraction and the fourth separation of the fourth material fraction can take place.

[0231] It is not shown that at least two air separators 8 may also be provided, wherein one air separator 8 may be arranged downstream of the eddy current separating device 13, in particular for separating the fourth stock fraction from the third stock fraction. Moreover, a further air separator 8 may also be arranged in the region of the belt transfer 7.

[0232] In FIG. 1 it is shown that a cage-like frame 15 is provided. The cage-like frame 15 may be provided in regions on the outside of the apparatus 9 and serve in particular for arranging, fastening and/or supporting the individual, preferably modular, components of the apparatus 9. The cage-like frame 15 may be constructed at least in some areas by struts—that is, by longitudinal and/or transverse struts.

[0233] FIG. 7 shows that the first magnetic separating device 1 is displaceably mounted along rails arranged on the frame 15. In FIG. 7, the first magnetic separating device 1 is displaced obliquely downwards in comparison with the arrangement shown in FIG. 1, in particular parallel to the longitudinal extent of the conveying device 5, in such a way that it faces the belt end of the conveying device facing the metering device 4 and/or is arranged in regions above this belt end. In particular, the position of the first magnetic separating device 1 shown in FIG. 7 is provided for moving the apparatus 9. In particular, the first magnetic separating device is hydraulically lowered by a chain.

[0234] A bearing means 16 of the frame 15 may be provided for supporting the apparatus 9, as can be seen from FIG. 1. In particular, the bearing means 16 is arranged on the underside of the apparatus 9, facing the base 17. The bearing means 16 may be formed as a grid and/or, at least in some areas, as a bearing plate, and ultimately constitutes the base of the frame 15.

[0235] Furthermore, at least one axle 18, preferably two axles 18, may be provided on the bearing means 16 or on the frame 15. At least two wheels 19 may be arranged on one axle 18.

[0236] FIG. 1 shows that a drawbar 20 can also be provided on the bearing means 16. For support on the base 17, supports 21 and/or a support 21 may be provided, which are in particular extendable.

[0237] The apparatus 9 shown in FIG. 1 is designed as a trailer. Furthermore, the apparatus 9 as a whole with its individual components has a modular structure. Thus, the individual devices of the apparatus 9 can be added and/or removed—depending on the intended use. However, the apparatus 9 comprises at least the first magnetic separating device 1, the second magnetic separating device 2 as well as the conveying device 5 and the further conveying device 6.

[0238] Furthermore, the apparatus 9 may be configured in such a way that in a further—not shown—embodiment example the cross-section and/or the width of the conveying stream increases and/or widens in conveying direction F. Preferably, the cross-section and/or the width may increase by at least 10% from the beginning to the end. For this purpose, the conveying devices 5, 6 and/or the conveyor belts of the apparatus 9 can be designed accordingly, so that ultimately the passage cross-section of the material flow along the method path can be made wider.

REFERENCE LIST

[0239] 1 First magnetic separating device [0240] 2 Second magnetic separating device [0241] 3 Metering hopper device [0242] 4 Metering device [0243] 5 Conveying device [0244] 6 Further conveying device [0245] 7 Belt transfer [0246] 8 Air separator [0247] 9 Apparatus [0248] 10 Feed opening [0249] 11 Metering opening [0250] 12 Belt end [0251] 13 Eddy current separating device [0252] 14 Metering means [0253] 15 Frame [0254] 16 Bearing means [0255] 17 Base [0256] 18 Axle [0257] 19 Wheels [0258] 20 Drawbar [0259] 21 Support [0260] 22a-h Material discharge means [0261] 23 Separating means [0262] F Conveying direction [0263] α Angle