Abstract
A preliminary container upstream of a slurry container, a tube or pipe of a compressed air discharge line from the slurry container is inserted into the preliminary container, so that, even if a slurry flows back, the slurry is retained in the preliminary container and the slurry is prevented from flowing back upstream of the preliminary container. In addition, minute droplets are prevented from flowing back upstream, by using a protector, or an air-permeable screen.
Claims
1. A method for discharging or coating liquid, comprising: providing the device for discharging or coating the liquid among at least two containers, communicating the containers with the device for discharging or coating the liquid via a liquid flow passage, pressurizing the liquid filled in at least one of the containers to generate a differential pressure between the one of the containers and another container, transferring the liquid in the flow passage, reversing the differential pressure between the containers near a lower limit of liquid surface in the one of the containers to perform inverted transfer of the liquid between the containers automatically and repeatedly, and providing a reserve container having a larger volume than at least a total volume of the liquid at an upper stream of each of the containers to store in the reserve container the liquid that flows back to a reserve container for preventing a backflow of the liquid or droplets of the liquid to an upper stream of the reserve container.
2. The method for discharging or coating the liquid of claim 1, further comprising: extending compressed gas flow passages into both the containers via lids, connecting liquid flow passage pipings to the lids, inverting the containers after the container lids are removed and filled with the liquid, positioning each outlet of the compressed gas flow passages upstream of each liquid surface, pushing out the liquid inside the compressed gas flow passages, pressurizing the liquid coming from the outlet of the compressed gas flow passages by a compressed gas, and transferring the liquid by a pressure of the compressed gas via the liquid flow passages from one of the containers to the other container.
3. The method for discharging or coating the liquid of claim 1, further comprising: pressurizing the liquid in the container by the compressed gas, providing an automatic switching valve having an inflow port and an exhaust port of the compressed gas upstream of the reserve container, connecting a piping for the compressed gas to make the compressed gas exhaust enter the reserve container via an upper part of the container and an upper part of the reserve container and connecting the piping from a compressed gas inlet or outlet provided at another position on the upper part of the reserve container to the automatic switching valve for the compressed gas.
4. The method for discharging or coating the liquid of claim 1, further comprising: detecting a lower limit of a liquid level at a lower part of the container on a side in which the liquid descends, increasing at least a flow velocity in the liquid flow passage, controlling the level to repeat liquid transfer near the lower limit of the liquid level of the container and reverse the container automatically, and generating a swirling flow or jet of the liquid in the lower part of the container on a side in which the liquid flows in, at least in switching the liquid transfer, to improve liquid dispersion.
5. The method for discharging or coating the liquid of claim 4, further comprising: setting an average diameter of the liquid flow passage between the containers to 1.5 to 4.0 mm, and setting a liquid speed inside the flow passage to 0.4 m/s or more.
6. The method for discharging or coating the liquid of claim 5, further comprising: filling the container with the slurry or dispersion having a low viscosity of 500 mPa s or less as the liquid, the container having the lower part that is invertedly widened, bowl-shaped, or in a similar shape, and generating the swirling flow or jet of the liquid in switching transfer between the containers.
7. The method for discharging or coating the liquid of claim 6, further comprising: floating a ball on the liquid surface to prevent at least droplets generated by the swirling flow or jet from flowing back to the compressed gas passage at the upper part of the container.
8. The method for discharging or coating the liquid of claim 7, further comprising: putting a total volume of the liquid equal to or smaller than an internal volume of the one of the containers, providing a protector at a compressed gas inlet port on the upper part of the container to intrude into the container, the protector having breathability at least partially and blocking the liquid transfer, and preventing the liquid or droplets from flowing back by the protector.
9. A method for discharging or coating liquid, comprising: providing the device for discharging or coating the liquid among at least two containers, communicating the containers with the device for discharging or coating the liquid via a liquid flow passage, pressurizing the liquid filled in at least one of the containers to generate a differential pressure between the one of the containers and another container, transferring the liquid in the flow passage, reversing the differential pressure between the containers near a lower limit of liquid surface in the one of the containers to perform inverted transfer of the liquid between the containers automatically and repeatedly, and increasing a transfer speed of the liquid in the container by providing another passage such that a flow rate therein is higher than that in the flow passage.
10. A method for discharging or coating liquid, comprising pressurizing at least one of containers with a compressed gas, pressuring liquid filled in one of the containers to transfer the liquid via a plurality of liquid flow passages to the other container in which a pressure is lower than an atmospheric pressure or a pressure in the other container, detecting liquid levels of the both containers, suctioning and pressurizing the liquid in the other container by pump to form a circulatory circuit by putting the liquid back to the one of the containers, increasing a liquid transfer speed, and maintaining at least a liquid pressure of the discharging device constant at any time.
Description
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0081] FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a container communicated to a discharging device among at least two containers, liquid flow passages, and a constitution of a gas piping for pressurization, relating to the embodiment of the present invention.
[0082] FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a reserve container for handling a backflow and an intake/exhaust structure of a compressed gas, relating to the embodiment of the present invention.
[0083] FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a container relating to the embodiment of the present invention, wherein a container size is optional, and a protector for preventing backflow at an upper part of the container filled with liquid is mounted.
[0084] FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a state where a flow passage having a large piping diameter other than a flow passage of a discharging or coating device between two containers is provided.
[0085] FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the container showing how a swirling flow of liquid is formed at a bottom of the container.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0086] Hereinafter, preferable embodiments of the present invention will be explained with reference to the drawings. It should be noted that the following embodiments are examples to facilitate understanding of the invention, and additions, substitutions, modifications, and the like performed by those skilled in the art are not excluded within the scope of the technical concept of the present invention.
[0087] The drawings schematically show preferable embodiments of the present invention.
[0088] In FIG. 1, the embodiment is explained by regarding one of the containers as a first container and the other container as a second container. The first container 1 is connected to the second container 1′ via a discharging device 3 connected by a flow passage 109 and further via a flow passage 109′. An extended gas flow passage is inserted deeply from the upper part of the second container 1′ into a reserve container 2′ via an upper part of the reserve container 2′ via a gas piping 8′. The upper part of the reserve container 2′ is connected to an automatic switching valve 6′ through a piping 9′. A compressed gas flows in from the upper part of the second container 1′ via a regulator 7′ and via the second reserve container 2′ after the automatic switching valve 6′ is put ON, which pressurize unshown liquid being filled in the second container 1′, the liquid is transferred at a high speed via a liquid flow passage 109′, inside of the discharging device 3, and a flow passage 109, and flows into the container 1 via a lower part thereof, by which the liquid is filled. In this case, since the automatic switching valve 6 is OFF, an exhaust port of the automatic switching valve 6 is communicated to the first container 1 via a piping 8, a reserve container 2, and a piping 9, by which the liquid is transferred toward the upper part of the container 1 due to an atmospheric pressure. It should be noted that a material for sealing a moving spool to switch the switching valve 6, the compressed gas flow passage, and the exhaust port is preferably a metal seal, a ceramics seal, a fluorocarbon resin, or a coating member therefor, which has low sliding resistance and is not swollen by solvent vapor. An automatic switching valve 6′ is put OFF by an unshown controller when an unshown liquid surface of the second container 1′ reaches near a vicinity of level sensors 4′ and 5′, the second container 1′ is exposed to an atmospheric pressure, and the automatic switching valve is put ON, by which a compressed gas regulated by a regulator 7 pressurizes an unshown liquid surface of the first container 1. When the liquid surface descends and reaches the vicinity of level sensors 4′ and 5′ of the first container 1, it is detected to operate the automatic switching valve 6 and 6′ by an unshown controller, by which liquid in flow passages 109 and 109′ is automatically inverted and transferred. By repeating this inversion, transfer such as continuous circulation is repeated, and liquid is discharged or coated by a discharging device 3. Even if liquid flows back to reserve containers 2 and 2′ through pipings 8 and 8′, since a compressed gas piping flow passage extends toward a lower part of the reserve container and is largely separated from an upper part of the reserve container by a space inside the container, and liquid falls by its own weight, liquid filled with a volume smaller than those of the reserve containers 2 and 2′ does not flow back to the automatic switching valves 6 and 6′. If fine particles of liquid are generated, particles and the like that enter the upper part of the reserve container can be blocked by setting a breathable nonwoven fabric sheet or screen, or the like. Furthermore, if an expensive slurry or the like flows back, it can be easily recycled by removing an unshown cap under the reserve container or by opening a small cock or the like. If the liquid in the container cannot be detected due to transparent material such as PFA and PP, an ultrasonic sensor or the like can be used to detect the liquid level.
[0089] FIG. 1′ is an example of the present invention, where bubbles are mixed into liquid such as slurry to prevent sedimentation of solid particles and the like by using bubble effects, a piping for a compressed gas is inserted into the lower part of the container 1 (near an inlet/outlet of liquid) to stabilize dispersion, and a bubble generator 160 is provided beyond that, thereby mixing bubbles into liquid 161. The piping 8 is inserted into the inside of the reserve container 2, and if liquid flows back, it can be stored in the container 2. In the present invention, there may or may not be a solvent bubbler container 150 that generates bubbles humidified with solvent vapor. Also, the piping 8 is branched on the midway such that a piping 170 is connected to the upper part of the first container, thereby enabling to pressurize liquid 161. Keeping a balance with a flow rate in the bubble generator 160, the flow rate in the piping 170 can be adjusted with a flow regulator, a fixed orifice, or the like that is not shown in FIG. 1′. The upper part of the reserve container 2 is connected to the upper part of the solvent bubbler container 150 via a piping 153. The inside of the solvent 151 filled in the solvent bubbler container 150 is connected to the automatic switching valve 6 by a piping 154 via the upper part of the bubbler container 150, and there is a compressed gas regulator 7 at the upper stream. Solvent vapor is generated in the bubbler container 150 when the solvent is pressurized with a compressed gas, and the solvent vapor is mixed into the inside of the bubbles of the liquid 161, to minimize volatilization of the solvent in the liquid. It should be noted that the upper part of the opposite liquid container, which is not shown in FIG. 1′, has the same configuration and therefore the explanation thereof will be omitted.
[0090] Similarly, FIG. 1″-a is an example of the present invention. The liquid container and the reserve container may be made, but can be provided by inexpensively making or modifying a commercially available containers such as bottles, especially lids of glass or plastic containers such as bottles having a wide mouth lid. In a case that a lid 111 of the container 1, which is commercially available and transparent or semi-transparent, is processed to provide a flow passage for the liquid and the compressed gas, a gas flow passage 180 reaches the vicinity of the bottom of the container 1.
[0091] A reaching position of the compressed gas flow passage port can be adjusted freely, depending on a liquid surface. The flow passage may be extended by fixing the piping 8 such as a PFA tube at the middle of the connector that is not shown in FIG. 1″-a, and another piping may be provided. Besides, a means leading to the liquid flow passage such as a connector that fixes PFA or the like having a chemical resistance can be attached to the lid 111. The lid may be made specially. The type of the container or lid for filling liquid is not limited to PP, PE, PFA, metal, glass, ceramics, or the like, but PFA is preferred in terms of chemical resistance and easy releasing of liquid. Since the container 2 may be disposable, an inexpensive PP or PE container can be selected. Since the structure of the upper part (the lid) is the same as that shown in FIG. 1, the explanation thereof will be omitted. Since the pressure of the compressed gas may be 100 kPa or lower and 50 kPa or lower as well, a commercially available container has no problem in terms of pressure resistance. FIG. 1″-b shows a posture 190 in filling liquid. The desired amount of liquid is filled by removing a lid 111′. When the lid is closed and the container is inverted, the posture shown in FIG. 1″-a is realized. The liquid that flowed into a piping 180 can be pushed out into the container by manually or automatically putting ON instantaneously a flow passage leading to the compressed gas piping 8.
[0092] It should be noted that the inner diameters of the tube and the pipings are preferably small, for example, smaller than 2 mm, to minimize the amount of liquid inside the piping 180 and the gas piping 8 in inverting the container. Furthermore, the bottom of the reserve container 2 is preferably above the liquid level of the liquid in the container to minimize liquid inflow into the gas piping.
[0093] FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of the reserve container 2 in FIG. 1, where an exhaust (compressed gas) piping (tube) 14 leading from the container filled with liquid is inserted through the connector for setting an unshown piping of an upper adapter 12 of the reserve container 11 and into the reserve container 11. The piping inserted into the reserve container 11 may be provided with another flow passage such as a piping. It is enough that the insertion position of the inserted piping or the like is determined based on a liquid property and is near the upper part 12 of the reserve container 11, for example, at the position of ⅕ to ¼ from the upper part. When the specific gravity is small or viscosity is low, the insertion position is at the position of ⅓ from the upper part of the reserve container or deeper. If the unshown liquid in the reserve container that flowed back can be easily recycled by opening a simple cock attached to the lower part of the unshown reserve container, by removing a plug 17 or the like, or by doing something like these.
[0094] FIG. 2′ shows a strict preventive measure against a backflow of the liquid that has low viscosity and is prone to be easily turned into droplets by less energy. Fine droplets can also be removed by providing, for example, an inexpensive non-woven fabric on the upper part, such as a screen 18 that is a net or the like, to prevent a backflow of droplets or liquid by the component and the protector 19, the component being in contact with an inner periphery and has a hole near an outer periphery. There is a need to carefully consider the desired number of holes of the component in contact with the protector, and a selection of porous base materials of the screen, the non-woven fabric, or the like, because they affect a moving speed of a compressed gas or an exhaust for each application.
[0095] FIG. 3 shows that the container to be filled with liquid 32 can be made as a container assembly and used. It can be made in a desired size to fit the discharging device. It has also an advantage as a structure because a desired member and the like can be attached thereto. In addition, since it can be easily disassembled and assembled, it is particularly effective in cleaning a contact surface. An upper lid 36, a tube 31 that is made of a transparent, semi-transparent, or metal material such as PFA, PP, and tempered glass, and a lower lid 33 are fixed by fastening with a bolt 38, a nut 34, and a nut 35. The upper lid 36 may be fixed by setting the bolt 38 from the lower lid to the upper lid, as opposite to FIG. 3, and by fastening it with nuts 34 and 35. Instead of the bolt, a long screw can be used to sandwich the upper and lower lids with nuts from both sides as with the lower lid and to fasten them appropriately. The upper and lower lids may be made of a plastic such as PEEK and PFA, or metal. A seal 355 between both ends of the transparent tube 31 and the upper and lower lids 33 and 36 has desirably a chemical resistance, and may be an O-ring or a PTFE ring. A complete seal for a pressurized compressed gas or liquid can be made by fastening it with the nut 35 and by fixing it with the nut 34. The seal of the upper lid, which may handle a compressed gas, may be an O-ring such as NBA and Viton, but a seal of the lower lid is preferably a PTFE gasket, or an O-ring made of perfluoro ethylene or the like, which does not swell in a solvent or the like. This is the basic of the container assembly, and can be utilized as a container assembly of the present invention or the inventions other than the present invention. If the tube is made of metal or ceramics particularly for an application of melted bodies, an inner surface can be honing-processed to increase an accuracy, enabling to easily perform mirror finishing or the like. A tube shape should be hollow but is not particularly limited. It may be a square, polygon, or ellipse. The upper and lower lids or a seal may be processed depending on the shape.
[0096] Since the container of the present invention can be disassembled and assembled, countermeasure components can be set inside thereof. For example, the upper lid 36 of the container can be provided with an opening for filling liquid. In other words, the upper lid can be plugged. Besides, an opening on the opposite side of the plug can be used to fill liquid, and the plug can also be used as a reflector 20 to splash liquid and droplets that flow back. A backflow of a material having high specific gravity and relatively high viscosity, and a backflow of liquid and droplets can be easily prevented only by this. For this reason, a flow passage 350 of a compressed gas can be provided at the deep position of the backside of the tip of the reflector 20 to prevent liquid inflow. Furthermore, with the reflector 20 set in place, a hollow porous disk 25 for filling the space between the outer periphery of the reflector and the inner periphery of the container tube 31 can be provided.
[0097] On the other hand, the filter screen 301 can be set on the lower lid 33, and the seal 355 can be set thereabove, or thereabove and therebelow, and the tube 31 can be fastened with the bolt 38 and the nut 35 and finally fixed with the nut 34. The size of the opening of the filter screen 301 can be selected from 2/1000 to 20/1000 inches, based on the size or shape of the particles or short fibers in the slurry, and the size of the agglomerates of the slurry. The shape of the opening is not limited. The size may be smaller or larger than that, and may be 1 mm. The filter screen is effective for not only filtration but also dispersion of slurry and the like because liquid pressure is applied.
[0098] FIG. 3′ further shows a method for easily eliminating a need for the reserve tank. It can be proposed as the method that a screen assembly 354 having a hollow middle part is attached to the upper part of the tube, and an O-ring 357 is attached and fixed between that and the tube. The tip of the protector 20 is set to push the screen 354. Droplets are completely blocked by this, enabling a compressed gas or an exhaust to be transferred via the screen around the protector. The screen may be made of an inexpensive non-woven fabric and is not particularly limited if it has a breathability and no influence on a liquid pressure and an exhaust speed.
[0099] Of course, the container can be used effectively as a liquid container without providing countermeasures against backflows.
[0100] In FIG. 4, since the liquid 401′ such as slurry, which was filled in a relatively large container 41′, is pressurized by connecting the inside of the container 41′ with the compressed gas regulator 47′ by putting ON the automatic switching valve 400′, the liquid is transferred into the container 41 via the flow passages 44′ and 44. In the present invention, another flow passage 402 that communicate the container 41 to the container 41′ can be provided to increase the amount of transfer per unit time of the liquid 401 and the liquid 401′ in the containers. The shorter the flow passage 402 is, the better it is, as it offers less resistance for a higher flow rate. In that case, it does not matter how large or small the inner diameter is. The inner diameter can be made large in a desired size particularly if the passage needs to be long to increase a transfer speed of the liquid 401′ in the container 41′. One of or a plurality of unshown flow rate adjusting valves or the like may be provided in the middle of the flow passage or at a desired position. Another flow passage 402 may a plurality of passages. The flow passage may be branched into multiple flow passages.
[0101] Liquid transfer can be switched automatically by detecting the liquid surface with an unshown sensor or the like at the lower part of the container and by operating the automatic switching valves 400 and 400′ in the compressed gas lines with a similarly unshown controller. Of course, it can be switched by time with a timer. Time adjustment may be done in 0.1 or 0.001 second increments and is not limited. One compressed gas regulator may be branched, or as shown in FIG. 4, two regulators may be used to fine-tune subtle variations of individual resistances or the like for making the amounts of transfers per unit time the same as each other. Operation of transfer, coating, and the like are the same as those shown in FIG. 1.
[0102] In the present invention, particularly if the size of the container is large, agitating devices 460 and 460′ can be provided. For example, blades of the agitating device can also be rotated when the liquid level is equal to or above the blade level. In the present invention, a part of the lid of the container can be made of tempered glass and be provided with sensors 46 and 46′ to detect the level from outside the container.
[0103] FIG. 4′ shows that the liquid 401 in the container 41 is transferred via the flow passages 44, 44′, and 402 to the container 41′, in which the pressure inside thereof is an atmospheric pressure or lower than that in the container 41, by pressurization with a compressed gas, and a continuous circulatory circuit can be formed by suctioning the liquid with the pump 303 from the container outlet 300 via the piping 302, by pressurizing it, and by transferring it to the container 41, when the level of the liquid 401′ is at a desired level. The above-mentioned flow passage 402 and the flow passage 44′ via the discharging device can transfer liquid by setting the piping outlet at the desired position of the container 41′ from the lowest part or the desired lower part of the container 41, or at the desired position inside the container 41′ via the upper lid or the like, using piping and the like. In this case, in addition to the above-mentioned container outlet 301, a suction piping leading to the pump may also be at the desired position, for example, may be set from the lowest part of the container 41′. Furthermore, the liquid can be transferred by pressurization to the desired position of the container 41 through the piping, the position being the destination of pressure feeding. It can be pressure-fed from the inside of the container 41′ to the desired position of the one of the containers 41 via the upper lid and the like. In the case that mixing of bubbles into not only the liquid from the outlet of the pressure-feeding line of the piping or the like leading from the container 41 but also the liquid from the pressure-feeding line of the piping or the like leading from the pump are disliked, the liquid is preferably flowed out along the inner wall of the container to prevent the mixing of gases. Since such a configuration enables the liquid pressure fluctuation to be completely isolated, the liquid pressures in the flow passages 41 and 41′ leading to the discharging device are not influenced at all. The pump may be operated continuously or intermittently. In this method, since the liquid is pressurized with a precisely controlled compressed gas and almost no pulsation occurs up to the discharging device, and since the large area of the liquid inside the other container is in contact with, for example, an atmospheric pressure, and therefore no pulsation problem exists near the discharging device, the liquid pump such as a plunger pump, a snake pump, a gear pump, a tube pump, and a diaphragm pump may be used. The liquid pressure near the discharging device can be made constant since the pressures of the liquid and the compressed gas in the flow passage 44 or in the discharging device can be made constant by using a precise regulator having a high precision relief. Pulsation may occur when using the pump such as the above-mentioned diaphragm pump, and an inexpensive pump such as an intermittently feeding single plunger pump may be used. In particular, in the case that solid content is sedimented in the container, the liquid transfer speeds in the flow passage 402 and the container need to be increased. When the liquid surface in the container 41′ reached below the desired liquid surface, it may be detected by an unshown sensor or the like of the container 41′ to stop the pump automatically, and the lower limit liquid level in the container 41 can also detected to fill liquid having the amount used in the liquid discharging device or the like. The transfer flow rate by pump can be determined or adjusted according to the transfer flow rate in the container or the transfer amounts in the flow passages 44, 44′, and 402 to perform circulation always in a stable condition. Of course, in the present invention, the same reserve container as in FIG. 1 can be provided upstream of the large container, even if the large container is used. The compressed gas can be humidified by the solvent bubbler or the like.
[0104] FIG. 5 shows that a dispersing means such as a dispersing implement 451 such as a liquid jetting means and a swirling flow is provided. An unshown filter screen, which has a dispersion assisting effect and is used for filtration, may be provided instead of or jointly with the dispersing implement 451. The filter screen may be provided at the upper or lower stream of the dispersion implement.
[0105] The lower part of the container 51 is desirably tapered or bowl-shaped such that liquid is transferred smoothly without stagnation. The dispersion method may be provided at any individual point near the position from the lower part of the container to the container inlet/outlet 452. The swirling flow 450 of the liquid in the flow passage can be large or small, and strong or weak, depending on the shape of the swirling means. In particular, when the liquid is switched or the liquid level is low to the extent that the own weight is low, slurries or the like can be ideally mixed and dispersed. This method is effective even if the diameter of the container is large.
[0106] Furthermore, the level can be detected with the sensors 440 and 440′ for emitting and receiving light by enabling the light to pass through at least a part of the container near the lower limit of the liquid surface at the time of liquid descending, which is near the lower part of the container 51, to detect the level. An organic solvent may be used for the solvent for slurry. In the case of using the liquid container in a booth, a sensor for emitting and receiving light, which uses an optical fiber and does not need an electrical wiring, may be used. If roughly switching is enough, switching the liquid transfer may be performed by time without using sensors. A minimum unit adjustment of 0.1 or 0.001 seconds can be performed timewise. The switching time of the two containers can also be adjusted subtly by enabling to set a desired time.
[0107] In the present invention, an extremely small amount of liquid such as slurry can be discharged or sprayed with at least an inkjet or dispenser while dispersing the liquid by using small containers or the like. Besides, an object can be coated with at least a small inkjet, dispenser, spraying device, slot nozzle device, or the like.
[0108] On the other hand, in the present invention, a large amount of liquid such as slurry can be discharged, sprayed, or coated with at least one of the inkjet, the dispenser, the spraying device, and the slot nozzle device for production by using a large container, enabling handling of a production line and mass production as well.
[0109] According to the present invention, in the case of using a small amount of liquid such as slurry for experiments and the like such as granulation of pharmaceuticals and electrode formation for next-generation batteries, or in the case of using a large amount of liquid on the large-scale production line therefor to produce products, manufacturing can be performed in high quality.
TABLE-US-00001 Reference Sign List 1, 1′, 41, 41′,51 Container 2,2′,11 Reserve container 3, 42, 352 Discharging (coating) device 43,353 Nozzle 4, 4′, 5, 5′, 46, 46′, 440, 440′ Level sensor 6, 6′, 16, 22, 400, 400′ Automatic switching valve 7, 7′, 21, 47, 47′ Compressed gas regulator 8,8′,9,9′,14,15,23,48,48′,153,154,170 Compressed gas piping 12 Container lid 17 Plug 18 Screen 19 Breathable reflector 20 Reflector 25 Ventilation hole part 31 Tube 32,161,401,401′,480 Liquid 33 Lower lid 34,35 Nut 36 Upper lid 38 Bolt 43 Nozzle 44,44′,109,109′,302,304,351,351′ Liquid piping 150 Bubbler container 151 Solvent 152 Bubble generator (solvent) 160 Bubble generator (liquid) 300 Container outlet 301 Filter screen 303 Pump 350 Inlet/outlet of compressed gas 354 Screen 355 Seal 356, 357 O-ring 402 Another flow passage (liquid) 450 Swirling flow 451 Dispersing implement 452 Container inlet/outlet flow passage 460, 460′ Agitating device
