ACTIVEWEAR GARMENT WITH ENHANCED TRACTION

Abstract

Athletic and/or work wear garment can have textile regions of differing friction to facilitate maintaining a grip between high friction textile regions and objects pressed against the high friction textile regions. In some embodiments, the high friction textile regions can facilitate carrying objects. In some embodiments, the garment can be a shirt. In some embodiments, the garment can be pants. In some embodiments, the garment can be an undergarment and the high friction textile regions can reduce shifting of an outer garment in contact with the undergarment.

Claims

1. A garment comprising: a sleeve having an exterior with a first textile surface and a second textile surface such that the first textile surface extends a majority of a length of the sleeve and over a first portion of a circumference of the sleeve and such that the second textile surface extends a majority of the length of the sleeve and over a second portion of the circumference of the sleeve, the first textile surface having a uniform smoothness, the second textile surface having a uniform smoothness, and the first textile surface having a higher coefficient of friction than the second textile surface.

2. The garment of claim 1 being configured to be worn by a player as a rules-compliant garment in the NFL™ and/or NCAA™.

3. The garment of claim 1, wherein the sleeve comprises a first open end and a second open end.

4. The garment of claim 1, wherein the sleeve comprises a first fabric comprising the first textile surface and a third textile surface on an interior of the sleeve and extending under a majority of the first textile surface, the third textile surface having a lower coefficient of friction than the first textile surface.

5. The garment of claim 4, wherein the first fabric comprises a knit structure having a different fiber pattern on the third textile surface than the first textile surface.

6. The garment of claim 5, wherein the difference in coefficient of friction of the first textile surface and the third textile surface is primarily due to the different fiber pattern on the first textile surface compared to the third textile surface.

7. The garment of claim 4, wherein the sleeve comprises a second fabric comprising the second textile surface and a fourth textile surface on an interior of the sleeve and extending under a majority of the second textile surface, the fourth textile surface having a higher coefficient of friction than the second textile surface.

8. The garment of claim 7, wherein the second fabric comprises a knit structure having a different fiber pattern on the second textile surface than the fourth textile surface.

9. The garment of claim 8, wherein the difference in coefficient of friction of the second textile surface and the fourth textile surface is primarily due to the different fiber pattern on the second textile surface compared to the fourth textile surface.

10. The garment of claim 1, further comprising: a torso having an exterior surface with the first textile surface and the second textile surface.

11. The garment of claim 10, further comprising: a pair of sleeves including said sleeve and a second sleeve, wherein the pair of sleeves and torso are joined to form a shirt.

12. The garment of claim 11, wherein the second textile surface is positioned on a torso-facing surface of each of the sleeves.

13. The garment of claim 1, wherein the second textile surface is configured to cover a majority of bicep muscles, cover a majority of triceps muscles, and extend distally from bicep and triceps muscles to wrists of a wearer wearing the garment.

14. The garment of claim 1, further comprising: at least one of polyurethane, polyamide, polypropylene, polyester, polyether-polyurea copolymer, and silicone elastomer.

15. A garment comprising: a waistband that encircles a waist of a wearer wearing the garment; two pant legs extending from the waistband; an exterior of the garment extending around the waistband and over an entirety of the two pant legs of the garment; one or more lower friction textile surfaces on a majority of the exterior of the garment; and one or more higher friction textile surfaces on the exterior of the garment each having a greater coefficient of friction compared to each of the one or more lower friction textile surfaces.

16. The garment of claim 15, wherein the one or more higher friction textile surfaces are configured to cover a superior portion of calf muscles and an inferior portion of quadriceps muscles, and wherein the one or more lower friction textile surfaces are positioned on a majority of the two pant legs and the waistband.

17. The garment of claim 16, wherein the one or more higher friction textile surfaces are configured to cover knees of the wearer, wherein the one or more lower friction textile surfaces are positioned on a majority of the two pant legs and the waistband.

18. The garment of claim 16, further comprising: a seamless transition between at least a portion of the one or more higher friction textile surfaces and at least a portion of the one or more lower friction textile surfaces.

19. The garment of claim 16, further comprising: one or more seams between at least a portion of the one or more higher friction textile surfaces and at least a portion of the one or more lower friction textile surfaces.

20. The garment of claim 19, wherein the garment is effective to protect knees of the wearer from contusions and lacerations, provide active cooling, and/or provide compression to increase strength, reduce muscle fatigue, and promote healing.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0081] FIG. 1 is an illustration of an example garment according to aspects of the present invention.

[0082] FIGS. 2A and 2B are additional views of the garment illustrated in FIG. 1.

[0083] FIG. 3 is a free body diagram of the garment and applied forces which can result in frictional forces at garment surfaces according to aspects of the present invention.

[0084] FIGS. 4A through 4C are an illustrations of another example garment according to aspects of the present invention.

[0085] FIGS. 5A through 5D are illustrations of example knit structures according to aspects of the present invention.

[0086] FIGS. 6A through 6I are illustrations of example shirts according to aspects of the present invention.

[0087] FIGS. 7A-7E are illustrations of example sleeveless garments according to aspects of the present invention.

[0088] FIGS. 8A-8E are illustrations of example vests according to aspects of the present invention.

[0089] FIGS. 9A-9B are illustrations of example pair of pants according to aspects of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0090] As used herein, the term “coefficient of friction” is a comparative property of a surface when compared to a “coefficient of friction” of another surface. A first surface having a higher or lower coefficient of friction as compared to a coefficient of friction of a second surface is understood to mean that a static coefficient of frication μ.sub.s and a kinetic coefficient of friction μ.sub.k between the first surface and skin or a majority of other common reference surfaces are each respectively higher or lower than a static coefficient of frication μ.sub.s and a kinetic coefficient μ.sub.k between the second surface and skin or the majority of other common reference surfaces. A surface with a lower coefficient of friction can have a smoother tactile feel and/or slide more easily over common reference surfaces compared to a surface with a higher coefficient of friction. A surface can be substantially flat or can have raised features positioned to affect the smoothness and coefficient of friction of the surface. As used herein, “static coefficient of friction”, “μ.sub.s”, “kinetic coefficient of friction”, and “μ.sub.k” have their plain and ordinary meaning as understood by a person skilled in the pertinent art as understood according to the teachings herein.

[0091] As used herein, the terms “tubular” and “tube” are to be construed broadly and are not limited to a structure that is a right cylinder or strictly circumferential in cross-section or of a uniform cross-section throughout its length. A tubular structure can have a linear, tapered or curved outer surface without departing from the scope of the present invention. As used herein, the term “circumference” in reference to a tube or tubular shape is in relation to a direction which circumscribes the tubular shape about an axis of the tubular shape. The circumference can vary in dimension along a tube unless specified otherwise.

[0092] Example garments illustrated and otherwise disclosed herein can function as a multifunctional piece of athletic or work wear, referred to herein generically is active wear. Garments include textile regions of differing coefficient of friction that can be worn as a sleeve, a shirt, or other garment. In some examples, a sleeve including textile regions of differing coefficient of frication can be worn to play rugby, American football and other ball-carrying sports (with oblong or round balls), the sleeve may provide increased ball security, protection from contusions and lacerations, active cooling, and/or compression to increase strength, reduce muscle fatigue and promote healing as a non-limiting list. In the industrial context, the garment can be a short sleeve shirt, vest, overall or pants.

[0093] Example garments can include a textile tube with an interior surface (skin facing) that, when in contact with skin results in a sufficiently low static coefficient of friction and sufficiently low kinetic coefficient of friction to promote donning and doffing the garment. Other properties of the skin-facing surface can include augmented thermal transport, moisture wicking, antimicrobial, antiviral, and odor control.

[0094] In some examples, the garment can have a tubular structure, can be worn as a sleeve, and can include two surfaces each over about half of the garment's circumference: an object contact surface and an outside facing surface, where the object contact surface is positioned inside the forearm (and potentially bicep) to press into the football when carried and the outside facing surface is positioned outside the forearm (and potentially bicep) to face a defender or tackler. The fabric of the object contact surface can include fiber material content and/or be woven and/or knitted in such a way as to provide a high static coefficient of friction and/or kinetic coefficient of friction between the object contact surface and the ball to promote ball security. In some examples, the static coefficient of friction and/or kinetic coefficient of friction between the object contact surface and the ball can be increased when the object contact surface becomes wet.

[0095] Knitted patterns can be 3D textured on the object contact surface. The static patterns can be random, periodic, and/or include symbols or letters/number to also provide information (plays, words, logos). The patterns, whether visibly raised or not, can provide a sufficiently high static and/or kinetic coefficient of friction between the ball and the object contact surface to improve ball security. Additionally, or alternatively, active displays can be knitted or woven within the sleeve as ‘pixels’ for transient information display. For instance, the object contact surface can include optical, light emitting fibers to provide remotely or locally programmable pixels. The light emitting from the pixels may be of visible, infrared, or ultraviolet wavelengths. The information displayed on the programmable pixels may be controlled directly by wearer input or remotely by radio frequency (Bluetooth®, Wi-Fi, 5G, UHF, VHF, etc.). The object contact surface can therefore provide a dual function by providing a high coefficient of friction to help prevent fumbles, as well as information and communication to promote correct alignment and play among teammates and remote coaching staff.

[0096] Contrastingly, the outside facing surface, when in contact with skin, can result in a much lower static and/or kinetic coefficient of friction compared to the object contact surface and skin so that the outside facing surface is more difficult to grip by an opposing players compared to the object contact surface. Glancing hits to the arm can be mitigated by the smoothness of the outside facing surface. Information (logos, patterns, text, etc.) can be knitted and/or woven into the outside facing surface to present visual imagery either in the traditional ‘static’ sense, or as active ‘pixel-based’ displays. The information can be knitted and/or woven in a jacquard fabric, where the information is incorporated into the knit or weave of the fabric rather than being printed or dyed onto the surface of the fabric. The outside facing surface can include augmented thermal transport, moisture wicking, antimicrobial, antiviral, and odor control. In some examples, the static coefficient of friction and/or kinetic coefficient of friction between the outside facing surface and skin or other reference object can be reduced when the outside facing surface becomes wet.

[0097] Knitted patterns can be 3D textured on the outside facing surface. The static patterns can be random, periodic, and/or include symbols or letters/number to also provide information (plays, words, logos). Additionally, or alternatively, active displays can be knitted or woven within the sleeve as ‘pixels’ for transient information display. For instance, the outside facing surface can include optical, light emitting fibers to provide remotely or locally programmable pixels. The light emitting from the pixels may be of visible, infrared or ultraviolet wavelengths. The information displayed on the programmable pixels may be controlled directly by wearer input or remotely by radio frequency (Bluetooth®, Wi-Fi, 5G, UHF, VHF, etc.). The outside facing surface can therefore provide a dual function by providing a low coefficient of friction to help promote defender shedding, as well as information and communication to promote correct alignment and play among teammates and remote coaching staff.

[0098] Material on the inside of the bicep and wrist cuffs can be included to ensure a secure and comfortable fit. For instance, silicone or elastic strips can be included on inside of cuffs to provide a friction fit to skin. Cuffs can be made with additional layers of material to add cushion for impact and/or increase force required to stretch the cuffs. Cuffs can be adjustable in size e.g. with an adjustable elastic band, hook and loop closure, or other such means to provide adjustable fit in clothing. The garment can include fibers to detect human health condition (pulse, respiration rate, O2 levels, pH, etc.). The garment can include a pocket for a pulse rate, blood oxygen level, or other health tracking device in a location not likely to impede physical activity while wearing, e.g. on bicep near an armpit or on outside of wrist.

[0099] The garment can include a honeycomb patterned (or other suitable pattern) 3-D ‘padding’ on the outside facing surface to reduce the energy transfer of a hit. The honeycomb can be a jacquard pattern knitted or woven into fabric of the outside facing surface. The garment can include durable customized school or team logos, letters, numbers or other symbols via selectively knitting or weaving dyed thread (i.e., not screen-printed with ink). The garment can include materials (fibers, coatings, other functionalization, etc.) to asymmetrically alter the coefficient of friction of the sleeve (i.e., if wet, it decreases coefficient of friction, on outside surface, but provides greater coefficient of friction to the ball on the object contact surface).

[0100] The garment can include customization of textile composition/texture at differing locations on the sleeve, based on individual preference. The garment can have an elastic property to create a secure and comfortable fit. The garment can be produced in different sizes ranging from child to adult. As a sleeve, the garment can be fabricated with different styles, including but not limited to, forearm, 3/4, full arm, and clothing integration.

[0101] The garment can be treated with an anti-microbial such as a zinc, silver, copper, or chlorhexidine gluconate either entirely or in selective locations.

[0102] Some advantages over present technologies can include arm sleeve multifunctionality. When worn as a sleeve, the garment can be configured to offer athletes increased ball security, increased protection, cooling, compression, alignment cues, the option for customization to include logos and/or alphanumeric characters, as well as communication abilities, or any combination thereof.

[0103] The garment may also be worn advantageously in other contexts where the wearer can make use of contact friction between the object contact surface and any number of surfaces including skin, leather, wood, plastic, metal, cardboard, paper, vegetative debris, other textiles, fish scales, etc. and the smoother outside facing surface. For instance, the garment can be worn as a sleeve to carry objects moving boxes, performing construction work, performing farm work, performing yard work, performing warehousing delivery, moving appliances, catching large fish, etc. In some examples, it can be advantageous to wear the object contact surface against the skin to prevent the garment from moving out of place, and the smoother outside facing surface can be positioned against skin to facilitate donning and doffing of the garment by providing a smooth surface opposite the object contact surface against which skin can easily slide.

[0104] The garment can be abrasion or cut resistant. The garment can be effective to protect from contusions and lacerations. The garment can be effective to provide active cooling. The garment can be effective to provide compression to increase strength, reduce muscle fatigue and promote healing.

[0105] The garment can be effective to promote medical recovery and healing through the emission of visible, ultraviolet and infrared wavelengths of light.

[0106] FIG. 1 is an illustration of an example garment 100 in a shape as worn as a sleeve over and arm. FIGS. 2A and 2B are illustrations of opposite sides the garment 100 lying flat in a relaxed shape. The garment 100 can include any of the aforementioned features, benefits, and functionality. Aforementioned features not specifically illustrated can be incorporated into the garment 100 as understood by a person skilled in the pertinent art according to the teachings herein.

[0107] Referring collectively to FIGS. 1 through 2B, the garment 100 can have a tubular shape with a larger open end 112 sized to fit over a bicep and a smaller open end 114 sized to fit around a wrist. The outside of the tubular garment 100 can have two surfaces 102, 104 having differing surface properties to result in differing frictional forces when applied to a given surface such as skin, leather, carboard, wood, plastic, metal, etc. One of the two surfaces 102, 104 can be an object contact surface 102 that has surface properties to cause engagement by friction of the object contact surface 102 to a surface of an object that is carried by a wearer of the garment 100. The garment 100 can be worn so that the object contact surface 102 faces upwardly and/or toward the wearer's body, on the inside 110 of the elbow. The other of the two surfaces 104 can be an outside facing surface 104 that can be positioned on an opposite of the tubular shape from the contact surface 102, facing away from the wearer's body, on the outside 108 of the elbow. The outside facing surface 104 can have surface properties that are less likely to cause engagement by friction to a surface of a given object compared to the object contact surface 102. Preferably, the object contact surface 102 has a higher coefficient of friction than the other, outside facing surface 104, where “coefficient of friction” is contextually used as a comparative property of a surface as defined hereinabove. The outside facing surface 104 can be designed to have desirable material properties such as cooling, object deflection, impact protection, moisture wicking, antimicrobial, antiviral, odor control, display symbols such as text, numbers, logo, etc. The object contacting surface 102 can be designed to have desirable material properties such as cooling, impact protection, moisture wicking, antimicrobial, antiviral, odor control, display symbols such as text, numbers, logo, etc.

[0108] The object contact surface 102 can enable the wearer to maintain possession of an object carried against the object contact surface 102. The garment 100 can be worn as a sleeve by a user engaged in physical labor to help the wearer's arms to engage and carry boxes, bags, equipment, tools, appliances, etc. The garment 100 can be worn as a sleeve during a ball carrying sport such as (but not limited to) rugby or American football to help a ball carrier to secure the ball. For ball carrying sports, the outside facing surface 104 can be smooth to inhibit an opposing player from grabbing the sleeve and/or mitigate effects of glancing hits.

[0109] As an alternative, the example garment 100 can be configured to be worn inside out to as illustrated in FIG. 1. In which case, the higher friction object contact surface 102 can be configured to grip skin and maintain position of the garment 100 when worn during a physical activity, and the opposite surface 104 can be smoother than the object contact surface 102 to aid in donning and doffing the garment 100. As another alternative, the example garment 100 can be a shirt, pants, shin guard, socks, or other such garment. For instance, when worn inside out compared to as illustrated in FIG. 1 and worn as a shin guard over a lower leg, friction between the object contact surface 102 and skin of the leg can prevent the shin guard from changing position, slipping or falling down when the wearer is running, walking, jumping, hiking, orienteering, etc. The outside facing surface 104 can be sufficiently smooth so that the wearer can pull the outside facing surface 104 into skin of the leg and the object contact surface 102 away from skin of the leg to don and doff the shin guard.

[0110] The garment 100 can be a compression garment that, when worn, is stretched circumferentially (C) and provides a compression force to the portion of the wearer's body under the garment 100. Configured as such, the garment 100 can have physical, psychological, physiological, psychophysical, and/or psychophysiological benefits of a compression garment. For instance, the garment 100 can provide protection from contusions and lacerations, provide active cooling, and/or reduce muscle fatigue.

[0111] The garment 100 can be constructed to have several geometries and constructed by several methods as understood by a person skilled in the pertinent art. The garment 100 as illustrated includes seams 106 joining two fabrics respectively spanning the two surfaces 102, 104. The seams 106 can be made flat similar to seams of contemporary compression garments via sewing, fusing, adhesive gluing, ultrasonic welding, and/or thermal welding. Alternatively, the two fabrics of the two surfaces 102, 104 can be joined seamlessly through seamless knitting or weaving techniques.

[0112] The garment 100 can include surfaces with sufficiently high friction against skin on the interior, skin facing, surface of the tube to prevent the garment 100 from undesirably slipping out of position on the wearer's body. For instance, the garment 100 can include bands of elastic or silicone rubber material near each opening 112, 114 on the interior surface of the tube to resist slippage of the garment 100 against the wearer's skin when worn. Alternatively, the garment 100 need not include such high friction surfaces as the underside of the fabric of the object contact surface 102 and/or outside facing surface 104 can provide sufficient friction against skin to resist slippage of the garment 100 against the wearer's skin when worn.

[0113] The garment 100 can be constructed to have two open ends 112, 114, thereby forming a tubular shape. The tubular garment 100 can include skin-facing silicone or elastic bands at positions 116, 118 near one or both of the open ends 112, 114 to prevent shifting of the garment 100 while being worn and performing various physical activities including activities described herein. Alternatively, although not illustrated as such, the garment 100 can be incorporated into a larger article of clothing such as a shirt, jacket, shrug, body suit, glove, etc. and extend from either of the illustrated open ends 112, 114 to the larger article of clothing. In addition, or as alternative to the silicone bands, the garment 100 can include other structures at similar positions 116, 118 or elsewhere to prevent shifting of the garment 100 such as stretch stitching, increased material thickness, stretch hem knit/weave structures, etc. In some examples, dimensions of the circumference (C) of the garment 100 at one or both of the open ends 112, 114 can be adjustable in size e.g. with an adjustable elastic band, hook and loop closure, or other such means to provide adjustable fit in clothing.

[0114] The garment 100 can include fibers at positions 116, 118 near the open ends 112, 114 or elsewhere to sense and detect human health condition (pulse rate, respiration rate, blood oxygen levels, pH, moisture level, etc.).

[0115] The garment 100 can be constructed to have a pocket for a pulse rate, blood oxygen level, or other health tracking device in a location not likely to impede physical activity while wearing, e.g. on bicep near an armpit or on outside of wrist.

[0116] FIG. 3 is a free body diagram illustrating forces Fx, Fy1, Fy2 applied to surfaces S1, S2 the garment 100 when the garment 100 is rubbed and compressed between two masses M1, M2. The lower mass M2 can represent a body part having skin that presses against an interior surface S2 of the garment 100 with an upwardly directed normal force Fy2 when the garment 100 is worn. The upper mass M1 can represent an object pressed to an exterior surface S1 of the garment 100 with a downwardly directed normal force Fy1. In some instances, the upwardly directed force Fy2 from the lower mass M2 can be about equal to the downwardly directed normal force Fy1 from the upper mass M1. When the garment 100 provides significant compression, the compression can additionally contribute to the normal force Fy2 between the garment 100 and skin (of the lower mass M2 as illustrated). In other words, when compression is significant, normal force Fy2 to the interior surface S2 of the garment 100 can be greater than the normal force Fy1 applied to the exterior surface S1 of the garment 100. The normal force Fy2 between the garment 100 and skin can also be manipulated when the garment is moved during donning, doffing, or adjusting. When either mass M1, M2 is moved against its associated surface S1, S2 of the garment 100, oppositely directed parallel forces Fx of equal magnitude are applied to the respective surfaces S1, S2, assuming each surface S1, S2 is in contact with the respective mass M1, M2.

[0117] Static friction between a respective mass M1, M2 and a respective surface S1, S2 can prevent movement of a mass M1, M2 in relation to its respective surface S1, S2 when the respective mass M1, M2 is stationary in relation to its respective surface S1, S2. Static friction between two surfaces can be quantified by a static coefficient of friction μ.sub.s. Kinetic friction between a respective mass M1, M2 and a respective surface S1, S2 can impede movement of the respective mass M1, M2 across its respective surface S1, S2 when the respective mass M1, M2 is in motion across its respective surface S1, S2. Kinetic friction between two surfaces can be quantified by a kinetic coefficient of friction μ.sub.k. Coefficients of friction μ.sub.s, μ.sub.k can be calculated by methods known to a person skilled in the pertinent art.

[0118] In some examples, properties of the interior surface S2 can be designed to provide a desired static coefficient of friction μ.sub.s and/or kinetic coefficient of friction μ.sub.k between the interior surface S2 and skin of a body (M2 as illustrated). Increasing the static coefficient of friction μ.sub.s and/or kinetic coefficient of friction μ.sub.k between the interior surface S2 and skin can help keep a garment in place when worn. Decreasing the static coefficient of friction μ.sub.s and/or kinetic coefficient of friction μ.sub.k between the interior surface S2 and skin can increase ease of a user to don and doff the garment 100. While wearing, and when donning and doffing the garment 100, compression can be a significant factor which determines the normal force Fy2 of skin against the interior surface S2. Pressing an object to the exterior surface S1 of the garment 100 can also contribute to the normal force Fy2 of skin against the interior surface S2. When donning and doffing the garment, the static coefficient of friction μ.sub.s and/or kinetic coefficient of friction μ.sub.k between the interior surface S2 and skin is preferably low enough so that the wearer can readily apply a parallel force Fx that overcomes frictional force resulting from the normal force Fy2 between skin and the interior surface S2. When the garment 100 is worn, the static coefficient of friction μ.sub.s and/or kinetic coefficient of friction μ.sub.k between the interior surface S2 and skin is preferably high enough to cause a frictional force resulting from the normal force Fy2 that is sufficient to resist expected parallel force Fx that may occur during intended use of the garment 100.

[0119] In some examples, properties of the exterior surface S1 can be designed to provide a desired static coefficient of friction μ.sub.s and/or kinetic coefficient of friction μ.sub.k between the exterior surface S1 and surface of an object (M1 as illustrated). Increasing the static coefficient of friction μ.sub.s and/or kinetic coefficient of friction μ.sub.k between the exterior surface S1 and the surface of the object M1 can facilitate engagement between the object M1 and the garment 100. Decreasing the static coefficient of friction μ.sub.s and/or kinetic coefficient of friction μ.sub.k between the exterior surface S1 and the object M1 can increase ease of a user to deflect or disengage the object M1. Pressing the object to the exterior surface S1 of the garment 100 primarily contributes to the normal force Fy1 of the object against the exterior surface S1. The normal force Fy1 and parallel force Fx that may occur during intended use of the garment 100, and the intent of the exterior surface S1 for engagement or deflection are considerations that be used to determine desired static coefficient of friction μ.sub.s and/or kinetic coefficient of friction μ.sub.k between the exterior surface S1 and surface of the object M1.

[0120] Coefficient of friction μ.sub.s and kinetic coefficient of friction μ.sub.k between the exterior surface S1 and the object M1 are each dependent on surface properties of both the exterior surface S1 and the surface of the object M1, meaning contact of the exterior surface S1 to one object causes a different μ.sub.s and μ.sub.k compared to contact of the exterior surface S1 to a different object. For instance, μ.sub.s and μ.sub.k between the exterior surface S2 of the garment and leather can be different than μ.sub.s and μ.sub.k between the exterior surface S2 and cardboard, skin, plastic, wood, or metal, etc. Surface properties of objects expected to come into contact with the exterior surface S2 is therefore also a consideration that can be used to determine desired static coefficient of friction μ.sub.s and/or kinetic coefficient of friction μ.sub.k between the exterior surface S1 and surface of the object M1.

[0121] Referring again to FIGS. 1 through 2B, the relative smoothness of the object contact surface 102 compared to the outside facing surface 104 can be quantified based on static coefficient of friction μ.sub.s and/or kinetic coefficient of friction μ.sub.k between those surfaces 102, 104 and a given reference surface, where the smoother surface has lower μ.sub.s and/or μ.sub.k. In textiles, skin is often used as such a reference surface to quantify a touch quality of fabric. For use cases of the garment involving carrying of objects, a material of an object that might be carried in an intended use case can be used as the reference surface. For instance, wood, metal, leather, plastic, paper, cardboard, etc. can be used as the reference surface.

[0122] Although μ.sub.s and μ.sub.k may vary depending on the reference surface, it is likely that if the object contact surface 102 is found to have a higher μ.sub.s and/or μ.sub.k for a given reference surface (compared to μ.sub.s and/or μ.sub.k between the outside facing surface 104 and the same reference surface), then the object contact surface 102 will also have a comparatively higher μ.sub.s and/or μ.sub.k against additional reference surfaces (compared μ.sub.s and/or μ.sub.k between the outside facing surface 104 and the each respective additional reference surface). Further, although it is possible for one surface in contact to a reference surface to have a higher μ.sub.s and lower μ.sub.k (or vice versa) compared to another surface in contact with the reference surface, when a significant difference in smoothness between the two surfaces exists, both μ.sub.s and μ.sub.k are higher for one surface and lower for the other. To that end, although neither μ.sub.s nor μ.sub.k are inherent properties of a given material, for ease of discussion, and as used herein, a surface is described as having a higher (or lower) “coefficient of friction” than another surface when both μ.sub.s and μ.sub.k are higher (or lower) when the former aforementioned surface is pressed to skin or a majority of other common reference surfaces compared to when the latter surface is pressed to skin or the majority of other common reference surfaces.

[0123] Referring again to the garment 100 illustrated in FIGS. 1 through 2B, the object contact surface 102 can have a higher coefficient of friction compared to the outside facing surface 104. Although a crude test, difference in coefficient of friction between the object contact surface 102 and the outside facing surface 104 can be observed by sliding a finger against each surface 102, 104, maintaining approximately constant pressure and speed, and observing greater resistance to the sliding finger on the object contact surface 102 compared to the outside facing surface 104.

[0124] The object contact surface 102 can have a substantially uniform smoothness over a majority of its surface area. The outside facing surface 104 can have a substantially uniform smoothness over a majority of its surface area. Configured as such, the majority of the surface area of the object contact surface 102 can have a coefficient of friction that is greater than a coefficient of friction of the majority of the surface area of the outside facing surface 104. When the garment 100 is worn as a sleeve as illustrated in FIG. 1, the object contact surface 102 extends from the wearer's wrist (at the wrist opening 114) to bicep (at the bicep opening 112) on approximately half of the circumference (C) of the sleeve 100. The outside facing surface 104 extends the remainder of the circumference (C) of the sleeve 100. In some applications, the object contact surface 102 can extend only between the wrist and elbow 110 as the interior of the forearm is more likely than the bicep to engage objects when the wearer is carrying objects. The sleeve can be cut short so that it extends only to the elbow, or the bicep portion of the sleeve can include fabric of the outward facing surface 104 around the entire circumference of the bicep.

[0125] FIGS. 4A through 4C is an illustration of another example garment 200. The garment 200 can be worn as a sleeve as illustrated in FIGS. 4A and 4B. The garment 200 is illustrated in a flat, relaxed shape in FIG. 4C. The garment 200 as illustrated includes a tubular outer surface that has substantially uniform smoothness with the exception of raised strips 210 of comparatively higher coefficient of friction and an elbow pad 208. The strips 210 are positioned on the inside of the wearer's forearm to define an object contact surface 202. A dashed line 212 is drawn in FIGS. 4A and 4C is illustrated to roughly demark a boundary between the object contact surface 202 and a remainder 204 of the exterior surface of the garment 200. The remainder 204 includes a portion of the garment 200 surrounding the bicep and a portion of the garment 200 worn on the outside of the forearm.

[0126] Features of the garment 200 illustrated in FIGS. 4A through 4C can be combined with features of the garment 100 illustrated in FIGS. 1, 2A, and 2B. For instance, elbow padding 208 and/or strips 210 of the garment 200 illustrated in FIGS. 4A through 4C can be added to the garment 100 illustrated in FIGS. 1, 2A, and 2B. Likewise, the garment 200 illustrated in FIGS. 4A through 4C can include fabrics having different coefficient of friction similar to the configuration of the object contact surface 110 and outside facing surface 108 of the garment 100 illustrated in FIGS. 1, 2A, and 2B.

[0127] The garment 200 can function as a full-length compression arm sleeve. The elbow pad 208 can include closed cell foam or other suitable padding. The strips 210 can include silicone rubber, or other suitable materials to increase the coefficient of friction of the object contact surface 202 compared to the coefficient of friction of the remainder 204 of the exterior surface.

[0128] The strips 210 can be raised from the fabric of the garment 200, or otherwise configured, such that an object coming into contact with the object contact surface 202 primarily engages the strips 210. The strips 210 can be angled inward to encourage an incoming pass of a sports ball (e.g. football or rugby ball) to be brought to the wearer's body. The strips 210 can have a similar texture to silicone rubber material blends used in current American National Football League (NFL™) wide receiver gloves. The strips 210 can be added to the object contact surface 102 of the garment 100 illustrated in FIGS. 1, 2A, and 2B to enhance grip of the object contact surface 102.

[0129] The garment 200 illustrated in FIGS. 4A through 4C can be worn similar to the garment 100 illustrated in FIGS. 1, 2A, and 2B to carry objects or inside out so that the object contact surface 202 inhibits movement of the garment 200 against the wearer's skin. The garment 200 can additionally include features of an example garment described hereinabove that are not specifically illustrated in FIGS. 4A through 4C. Such features can be incorporated into the garment 200 as understood by a person skilled in the pertinent art.

[0130] The elbow pad 208 illustrated in FIGS. 4B and 4C can be added to the garment 100 illustrated in FIGS. 1, 2A, and 2B. A closed cell foam allows for high energy absorption while using a minimal amount of padding. Closed cell foams can be made of many materials but are commonly made from polyethylene. Low-density polyethylene foam (LDPE) has a low Young's modulus and low density. This allows the foam to return to its original shape following an impact, which can be effective to maintain energy absorption properties of the material. The closed-cell foam pad on the elbow can be fractured into small pieces to increase athlete comfort. By fracturing the pad, multiple flex points are formed along the elbow area; this can allow the athlete to have free range of motion and provide protection in sensitive areas around the elbow. The elbow pad 208 can additionally, or alternatively include padding other than closed cell foam and/or a pocket into which padding can be inserted. For instance, the fabric in the region of the elbow pad 208 can be thicker than the fabric in the majority of the garment. A garment shaped to be worn elsewhere on the body can include a similarly constructed pad to protect shoulders, knees, wrists, hips, neck, ankles, etc.

[0131] The garment 200 can include surfaces with sufficiently high friction against skin on the interior, skin facing, surface of the tube to prevent the garment 200 from undesirably slipping out of position on the wearer's body. For instance, the garment 200 can include bands of elastic or silicone rubber material near each opening 112, 114 on the interior surface of the tube to resist slippage of the garment 200 against the wearer's skin when worn.

[0132] Currently, many sports leagues and associations (e.g. NFL™ and National Collegiate Athletic Association, NCAA™) prohibit adhesive materials on clothing or equipment for American football and other sports. The garments 100, 200 described herein can include rules-compliant materials to achieve the desired surface properties.

[0133] The materials used in the garments 100, 200 illustrated and otherwise described herein and variations thereof can be selected to facilitate proper function as well as athlete comfort. Particularly at higher levels of play, an athlete will not use a product if it is uncomfortable or not aesthetically pleasing. In general, materials used in compression garments have desirably low density, low Young's modulus, low cost, high yield strength, and high tensile strength. High yield strength and tensile strength can be effective to avoid material failure when the garment is stretched or pulled. A low Young's modulus can be effective to allow the material to be flexible to conform to the shape of the wearer's body. Polyurethane (spandex), polyether-polyurea copolymer (Lycra®), and polyamide (nylon) have desired characteristics as materials for a compression garment. Polyurethane provides a desirably low Young's modulus while polyamide provides desirably high yield strength and tensile strength. Polyamide provides structural integrity for the garment 100, 200, air and moisture permeability, and low heat retention for cooling while polyurethane provides compression to increase blood flow to the arm and effectively minimize swelling and soreness and also enables the garment 100, 200 the ability to return to a consistent relaxed form once stretched.

[0134] Choice of the materials in the garments 100, 200 can also affect surface properties of garment fabrics. Referring again to FIGS. 1, 2A, and 2B, the garment 100 can include fabrics with differing material composition so that the object contact surface 102 has a higher coefficient of friction compared to the outside facing surface 104. A fabric in the object contact surface 102 can include higher density of polyester and/or silicone composite while a fabric in the outside facing surface 104 can include higher density of polyurethane, polyamide, and/or polypropylene. In one example, the garment can include a blend of approximately 80% spandex and approximately 20% polyester on the outside facing surface and a blend of approximately 80% polyester and approximately 20% spandex on the object contact surface. As used herein, the terms “about” or “approximately” for any numerical values or ranges indicate a suitable dimensional tolerance that allows the part or collection of components to function for its intended purpose as described herein. More specifically, “about” or “approximately” may refer to the range of values ±10% of the recited value, e.g. “about 80%” may refer to the range of values from 70% to 90% and “about 20%” may refer to the ranges of values from 10% to 30%. For designs with higher tolerance, “about” or “approximately” may refer to the range of values ±20% of the recited value.

[0135] Generally, a fabric that is substantially a blend of polyester and spandex can include a ratio of greater polyester to spandex on the object contact surface to achieve greater grip and a ratio of greater spandex to polyester on the outside facing surface to provide stretch to the garment and a smoother surface. The blends on the outside facing surface versus the object contact surface need not be inverse of each other as in the above example and various combinations can be suitable to meet the needs of various uses including those described herein. In one example, the garment can include a blend of approximately 90% spandex and approximately 10% polyester on the outside facing surface. In another example, the garment can include a blend of approximately 80% spandex and approximately 20% polyester on the outside facing surface. In another example, the garment can include a blend of approximately 70% spandex and approximately 30% polyester on the outside facing surface. In another example, the garment can include a blend of approximately 60% spandex and approximately 40% polyester on the outside facing surface. In one example, the garment can include a blend of 90% polyester and approximately 10% spandex on the object contact surface. In another example, the garment can include a blend of 80% polyester and approximately 20% spandex on the outside facing surface. In another example, the garment can include a blend of 70% polyester and approximately 30% spandex on the outside facing surface. In another example, the garment can include a blend of 60% polyester and approximately 40% spandex on the outside facing surface.

[0136] Geometry of fibers and weave/knit of the fabric can also affect surface properties, compression, comfort, aesthetics, cooling, and other functionality of the garment 100, 200. For instance, a seamlessly knitted triangular hollow nylon, and can be knitted with a weft-plain knitting weave to provide desirable moisture-wicking, low heat retention, and high air permeability.

[0137] FIGS. 5A through 5D are illustrations of example knit structures. Although the garments 100, 200 illustrated and described herein (and variations thereof) can be constructed from woven fabrics, knitted fabrics can generally provide greater stretch and are therefore preferred. FIG. 5A is an example of a warp knit. FIG. 5B is an example of a hybrid warp-weft knit. FIGS. 5C and 5D are examples of weft knits. Variations of knitted structures are too numerous to illustrate, and many more can be used to achieve desired properties of fabrics for the example garments 100, 200 described herein and variations thereof.

[0138] Knitted techniques which include individually and simultaneously knitting two or more individual yarns can also be incorporated (e.g. double knitting, fair isle knitting, etc.). Double knitting typically is weft knit in a double layered stockinette pattern using two yarns that produces a double thick fabric with knit sides of each fabric layer facing outward, purl sides of each fabric layer together, and where visible patterns on opposite sides are negative images of each other. Fair isle knitting is typically weft knit in a stockinette pattern with two or more yarns in a single layer where yarns not used for a stitch are carried along rows of a purl side of the fabric and an image is visible on the knit side of the fabric. Resulting patterns from multiple-yarn knitting techniques are jacquard patterns. When using yarns having differing material blends, the resulting jacquard pattern can affect coefficient of friction of fabric surfaces. The yarns can also be dyed so that the resulting jacquard pattern provides a readily visible pattern. Additionally, or alternatively, a jacquard pattern based on texture can be knitted into a fabric by any of a number of knitting techniques too numerous to list such as selectively positioning knit and purl stitches, cabling, alternating increase/decrease stitches, slipping stitches across rows, etc. A textured jacquard pattern can affect coefficient of friction of fabric surfaces.

[0139] In some examples, the knit pattern can be selected to affect the smoothness or comparative coefficient of friction of the surfaces of the garment. For instance, the object contact surface 102 and the outside facing surface 104 can have differing knit patterns to contribute to their differing coefficient of friction. In some examples, the object contact surface 102 can have a 3-D textured knitted surface that has a greater coefficient of friction than the outside facing surface 104.

[0140] The knitted structures illustrated in FIGS. 5A, 5B, and 5C produce a fabric that has different fiber patterns on either side of the fabric. For instance, a stockinette stitch knitted fabric has a knit side and a purl side, wherein the fiber pattern on the knit side is different than the fiber pattern on the purl side. In some examples, the difference in fiber patterns can result in a higher coefficient of friction on one side of the fabric compared to the other. In one example, a stockinette stitch knitted fabric uses a single yarn that is present on both sides of the fabric and has a higher coefficient of friction on the knit side compared to the purl side. This difference in coefficient in friction is therefore by virtue of the difference in fiber pattern and not because of a difference in yarn composition. In other examples, the knitted fabric can have any number of knitted structure that results in a different fiber pattern on either side of the fabric, and the difference in fiber pattern contributes to difference in coefficient of friction.

[0141] The knitted structure in FIG. 5D is a rib stitch that has similar fiber patterns on either side of the fabric and therefore has coefficients of friction on either side that are about equal to each other. The knit and purl patterns of each fabric can further be tailored to provide a jacquard pattern to display an illustration such as text, numbers, a logo, a random pattern, or a periodic pattern such as a honeycomb pattern.

[0142] In examples, FIGS. 5A and 5B illustrate where higher friction fibers 502 are knitted with lower friction fibers 504. That is to say, the higher friction fibers 502 have a higher coefficient of friction (as discussed throughout) in comparison to the lower friction fibers 504. In examples, the higher friction fiber 502 can be a different material than the lower friction fiber 504, or the higher friction fiber 502 can be the same material as the lower friction fiber 504 and just coated with a high friction coating before knitting.

[0143] Note, that contrary to garments in the prior art, the examples of the present invention have the higher friction fiber 502, which creates a higher friction surface, knitted or woven into the garment, or integral with the fabric. Garments in the prior art place friction altering coating or patches on top of an existing fabric and are not integral. This example of an integrally knitted and/or woven fabric can be understood as having higher friction textile surfaces and/or lower friction textile surfaces.

[0144] Referring to FIG. 3, the garment 100 can be knit (or woven) such that the exterior surface S1 has a higher coefficient of friction than the interior surface S2 or vice versa. Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2A, the fabric of the garment 100 spanning the object contact surface 102 can be knit or woven such that the object contact surface 102 (being the exterior surface S1 in FIG. 3) can have a higher coefficient of friction compared to an interior surface S2 of the fabric under the object contact surface 102. For instance, the garment 100 can include a warp knit fabric (e.g. as in FIG. 5A or variation thereof) that includes the object contact surface 102 on the exterior of the garment 100 that has a different fiber pattern than on the interior of the garment 100 under the object contact surface 102 to cause the interior of the fabric to have a lower coefficient of friction than the object contact surface 102. Configured as such, the garment 100 can be easy enough to don and doff while providing desirable grip on the object contact surface 102. Similarly, the outside facing surface 104 (being the exterior surface S1 in FIG. 3) can have a lower coefficient of friction compared to an interior surface S2 of the fabric under the outside facing surface 104. Configured as such, the garment 100 can provide grip against the wearer's skin to prevent slippage of the garment 100 when worn while also providing a smooth outside facing surface 104 to deflect objects.

[0145] Further, any of the textile surfaces can have a coefficient of friction that differs based on direction of travel over the surface, e.g. traveling across rows of a knitted fabric surface can result in a different coefficient of friction compared to traveling across columns of the same knitted fabric surface. Additionally, or alternatively, the garment can be constructed from two layers of fabric that are stitched, glued, ultrasonic welded, thermal welded, knitted (e.g. double layer knit), and or rely on friction to function together, where the differing layers provide differing coefficient of friction for the exterior surface S1 compared to interior surface S2. The differing layers can include other differing material properties as advantageous for the application, for instance an athletic sleeve can have an inner layer with enhanced moisture wicking properties.

[0146] Referring to FIGS. 1, 2A, and 2B, preferably, the garment 100 includes a knit fabric having differing fiber patterns on opposite sides of the fabric so that the object contact surface 102 has a higher coefficient of friction compared to the coefficient of friction of the interior surface under the object contact surface 102. Preferably, the difference in coefficient is significant enough to be observable in a crude test where a finger is moved across the object contact surface 102 then subsequently across the interior surface under the object contact surface 102 at a similar pressure and speed and a noticeable resistance to movement is observed when moving across the object contact surface 102 compared to the interior surface.

[0147] FIGS. 6A through 6I are illustrations of example shirts 300A-I, each having respective surfaces 302A-I, 304A-I having differing surface properties to result in differing frictional forces when applied to a given surface such as skin, leather, cardboard, wood, plastic, metal, another textile, etc. Each shirt 300A-I includes higher friction surfaces 302A-I and lower friction surfaces 304A-I. The higher friction surfaces 302A-I of a given shirt 300A-I have a higher coefficient of friction than the lower friction surfaces 304A-I of that shirt 300A-I, where “coefficient of friction” is contextually used as a comparative property of a surface as defined hereinabove.

[0148] The lower friction surfaces 304A-I can be designed to have desirable material properties such as cooling, object deflection, impact protection, moisture wicking, antimicrobial, antiviral, odor control, display symbols such as text, numbers, logo, etc. The higher friction surfaces 302A-I can enable the wearer to maintain possession of an object carried against the respective higher friction surface 302A-I. The shirts 300A-I can be worn by a user engaged in physical labor to help the wearer to engage and carry boxes, bags, equipment, tools, appliances, etc. The shirts 300A-I can respectively be worn as an undergarment to inhibit shifting of outer garments. As an alternative, the shirts 300A-I can be worn inside out to as illustrated in FIGS. 6A through 6I; in which case, the higher friction surfaces 302A-I can be configured to grip skin and maintain position of the shirt 300 when worn during physical activity. The lower friction surfaces 304A-I can be smoother than the higher friction surfaces 302A-I to aid in donning and doffing the shirts 300A-I. As another alternative, the shirts 300A-I can include surfaces 302A-I, 304A-I having differing coefficient of friction on the outside of the shirt as illustrated while also including surfaces of having differing coefficient of friction on the inside of the shirt to grip skin and maintain position of the garment while also being easily donned and doffed.

[0149] The shirts 300A-I can be compression garments that, when worn, are stretched to provide a compression force to the torso and/or arms of the wearer. Configured as such, the shirts 300A-I can have physical, psychological, physiological, psychophysical, and/or psychophysiological benefits of a compression garment. For instance, the shirts 300A-I can provide protection from contusions and lacerations, provide active cooling, and/or reduce muscle fatigue.

[0150] The shirts 300A-I can be constructed to have several geometries and constructed by several methods as understood by a person skilled in the pertinent art. The shirts 300A-I as illustrated include seams. The seams can be made flat similar to seams of contemporary compression garments via sewing, fusing, adhesive gluing, ultrasonic welding, and/or thermal welding. The shirts 300A-I can include seams between torso and sleeves, which as illustrated, depict a raglan sleeve style. Alternatively, the shirts 300A-I can include a set-in sleeve or other such sleeve seam as understood by a person skilled in the pertinent art. As another alternative, the shirts 300A-I can lack a sleeve seam and the shoulder shaping of the garment can be accomplished by knitting techniques such as increasing, decreasing, invisible joins, etc. The shirts 300A-I can further include seams between the higher friction surfaces 302A-I and the lower friction surfaces 304A-I. Alternatively, two fabrics of the two surfaces 302A-I, 304A-I can be joined seamlessly through seamless knitting or weaving techniques. As another alternative, the two surfaces 302A-I, 304A-I can be formed of a single fabric with a common yarn, wherein the difference between coefficient of friction between the two surfaces is accomplished via different knitting patterns and/or techniques. The shirts 300A-I as illustrated include a ribbed collar at the neck and ribbed cuffs at the wrists of the sleeves. Alternatively, the collar and cuffs can be constructed using other techniques as understood by a person skilled in the pertinent art. In some examples, the sleeves can terminate at the wrists similar to the smaller opening 114 of the garments 100, 200 illustrated in FIGS. 1, 2A, 2B, and 4A through 4C.

[0151] The shirts 300A-I can be modified to include features of the tubular garments 100, 200 illustrated herein and variations thereof as understood by a person skilled in the pertinent art. The shirts 300A-I can further include features, benefits, and/or functionality of example garments disclosed herein, including those not specifically illustrated. Textiles and fabrics of the shirts 300A-I can have features, benefits, and/or functionality of textiles disclosed herein and variations thereof as understood by a person skilled in the pertinent art. For instance, the shirts 300A-I can each include a textile having an outer surface on the exterior of the shirt and an interior surface on the interior of the shirt, and outer and interior surfaces of the textile can have differing coefficients of friction. For instance, the outer surface of the textile can have a higher coefficient of friction than the interior surface of the shirt so that the exterior surface of the textile makes up at least a portion of the higher friction surface of the shirt. The lower friction of the interior surface of the textile can make up at least a portion of an interior surface of the shirt to facilitate donning and doffing of the shirt.

[0152] The shirts 300A-I as illustrated include a symmetrical pattern of higher friction surfaces 302A-I and low friction surfaces 304A-I. Alternatively, the shirts 300A-I can be modified to be asymmetrical to meet the needs of a specific activity of the wearer.

[0153] FIG. 6A illustrates an example shirt 300A having higher friction surfaces 302A positioned to be worn over tops of shoulders and a lower friction surface 304A over the remainder of the exterior of the shirt 300A. The higher friction surfaces 302A can be configured to cover a majority of deltoid muscles. The higher friction surfaces 302A can be configured to extend across a superior portion of the deltoids.

[0154] FIG. 6B illustrates an example shirt 300B having higher friction surfaces 302B positioned to be worn on a torso-facing surface of an arm and a lower friction surface 304B over the remainder of the exterior of the shirt 300B. The higher friction surfaces 302B can be configured to cover medial portions of triceps and biceps and medial portions of muscles of the forearm including flexor muscles. The higher friction surfaces 302B can be positioned similarly to the object contact surface 102 of the garment 100 illustrated in FIG. 1. The sleeves of the shirt 300B can be configured similarly to the garment 100 illustrated in FIG. 1.

[0155] FIG. 6C illustrates an example shirt 300C having higher friction surfaces 302C positioned over a majority of the sleeves of the shirt 300C and a lower friction surface over the torso of the shirt. The higher friction surfaces 302C can be configured to cover a majority of the deltoid muscles and extend over each arm from the deltoid, distally to the wrists. Alternatively, the shirt 300C can include a set-in sleeve; in which case the higher friction surfaces 302B can be configured to cover a majority of the bicep and triceps muscles and extend over each arm from the triceps and biceps, distally to the wrists.

[0156] FIG. 6D illustrates an example shirt 300D having a higher friction surface 302D over a front, anterior and lower, inferior portion of the torso and a lower friction surface 304D over the remainder of the shirt 300D. The higher friction surface 302D can be configured to cover a majority of oblique and abdominal muscles.

[0157] FIG. 6E illustrates an example shirt 300E having a higher friction surface 302E positioned over the chest and a lower friction surface over the remainder of the shirt 300E. The high friction surface 302E can be configured to cover a majority of the pectoral muscles. As illustrated, the high friction surface 302E may not cover a majority of the clavicular head of the pectoralis major due to the raglan sleeve design of the shirt 300E. The shirt 300E can alternatively have a set-in sleeve; in which case the high friction surface 302E can cover a majority of the clavicular head of the pectoralis major as well as an anterior portion of each deltoid muscle. The high friction surface 302E can have a downward, inferior oriented V-shaped edge.

[0158] FIG. 6F illustrates an example shirt 300F having a higher friction surface 302F in an hour-glass shape over a front, anterior portion of the torso and a lower friction surface 304F over the remainder of the shirt 300F. The high friction surface 302F can be configured to cover a majority of the pectoral muscles similar to as illustrated and described in relation to FIG. 6E as well as a majority of the abdominal muscles and lower, inferior portions of oblique muscles.

[0159] FIG. 6G illustrates an example shirt 300G having higher friction surfaces 302G extending from armpit to waistline on the sides of the torso and lower friction surfaces 304G over the remainder of the shirt 300G. The high friction surfaces 302G can be configured to cover lateral portions of oblique and serratus anterior muscles.

[0160] FIG. 6H illustrates an example shirt 300H having a higher friction surface 302H extending across the tops of the sleeves and top portion of the front of the torso and a lower friction surface 304H over the remainder of the shirt 300G. The high friction surface 302 F can be configured to cover a majority of the deltoid muscles and a majority of the pectoral muscles, particularly the upper, superior region portions of the pectoral muscles. The higher friction surface 302H can extend across the seams joining the sleeves to the front of the torso of the shirt. The higher friction surface 302H may extend across the upper, superior region of the back torso of the shirt 300H, or the back torso of the shirt may have the lower friction surface 304H over its entirety.

[0161] FIG. 6I illustrates an example shirt 300I having a higher friction surface 302I extending in a column down the front, anterior portion of the torso from neck to waist and a lower friction surface 304I over the remainder of the shirt 300I. The higher friction surface 302I can be configured to cover medial portions of the pectoral muscles and a majority of pectoral muscles, particularly medial portions of the pectoral muscles.

[0162] FIGS. 7A through 7E are illustrations of example sleeveless shirts 400A-E, each having respective surfaces 402A-E, 404A-E having differing surface properties to result in differing frictional forces when applied to a given surface such as skin, leather, cardboard, wood, plastic, metal, another textile, etc. Each shirt 400A-E includes higher friction surfaces 402A-E and lower friction surfaces 404A-E. The higher friction surfaces 402A-E of a given shirt 400A-E have a higher coefficient of friction than the lower friction surfaces 404A-E of that shirt 400A-E, where “coefficient of friction” is contextually used as a comparative property of a surface as defined hereinabove.

[0163] The lower friction surfaces 404A-E can be designed to have desirable material properties such as cooling, object deflection, impact protection, moisture wicking, antimicrobial, antiviral, odor control, display symbols such as text, numbers, logo, etc. The higher friction surfaces 402A-E can enable the wearer to maintain possession of an object carried against the respective higher friction surface 402A-E. The sleeveless shirts 400A-E can be worn by a user engaged in physical labor to help the wearer to engage and carry boxes, bags, equipment, tools, appliances, etc. The sleeveless shirts 400A-E can respectively be worn as an undergarment to inhibit shifting of outer garments. As an alternative, the sleeveless shirts 400A-E can be worn inside out to as illustrated in FIGS. 7A through 7E; in which case, the higher friction surfaces 402A-E can be configured to grip skin and maintain position of the sleeveless shirt 400 when worn during physical activity. The lower friction surfaces 404A-E can be smoother than the higher friction surfaces 402A-E to aid in donning and doffing the sleeveless shirts 400A-E. As another alternative, the sleeveless shirts 400A-E can include surfaces 402A-E, 404A-E having differing coefficient of friction on the outside of the shirt as illustrated while also including surfaces of having differing coefficient of friction on the inside of the shirt to grip skin and maintain position of the garment while also being easily donned and doffed.

[0164] The sleeveless shirts 400A-E can be compression garments that, when worn, are stretched to provide a compression force to the torso and/or arms of the wearer. Configured as such, the sleeveless shirts 400A-E can have physical, psychological, physiological, psychophysical, and/or psychophysiological benefits of a compression garment. For instance, the sleeveless shirts 400A-E can provide protection from contusions and lacerations, provide active cooling, and/or reduce muscle fatigue.

[0165] The sleeveless shirts 400A-E can be constructed to have several geometries and constructed by several methods as understood by a person skilled in the pertinent art. The sleeveless shirts 400A-E as illustrated include seams. The seams can be made flat similar to seams of contemporary compression garments via sewing, fusing, adhesive gluing, ultrasonic welding, and/or thermal welding. The sleeveless shirts 400A-E can further include seams between the higher friction surfaces 402A-E and the lower friction surfaces 404A-E. Alternatively, two fabrics of the two surfaces 402A-E, 404A-E can be joined seamlessly through seamless knitting or weaving techniques. As another alternative, the two surfaces 402A-E, 404A-E can be formed of a single fabric with a common yarn, wherein the difference between coefficient of friction between the two surfaces is accomplished via different knitting patterns and/or techniques. The sleeveless shirts 400A-E as illustrated include a ribbed collar at the neck. Alternatively, the collar can be constructed using other techniques as understood by a person skilled in the pertinent art.

[0166] The sleeveless shirts 400A-E can be modified to include features of the tubular garments 100, 200 illustrated herein and variations thereof as understood by a person skilled in the pertinent art. The sleeveless shirts 400A-E can further include features, benefits, and/or functionality of example garments disclosed herein, including those not specifically illustrated. Textiles and fabrics of the sleeveless shirts 400A-E can have features, benefits, and/or functionality of textiles disclosed herein and variations thereof as understood by a person skilled in the pertinent art. For instance, the sleeveless shirts 400A-E can each include a textile having an outer surface on the exterior of the shirt and an interior surface on the interior of the shirt, and outer and interior surfaces of the textile can have differing coefficients of friction. For instance, the outer surface of the textile can have a higher coefficient of friction than the interior surface of the shirt so that the exterior surface of the textile makes up at least a portion of the higher friction surface of the shirt. The lower friction of the interior surface of the textile can make up at least a portion of an interior surface of the shirt to facilitate donning and doffing of the shirt.

[0167] The sleeveless shirts 400A-E as illustrated include a symmetrical pattern of higher friction surfaces 402A-E and low friction surfaces 404A-E. Alternatively, the sleeveless shirts 400A-E can be modified to be asymmetrical to meet the needs of a specific activity of the wearer.

[0168] FIG. 7A illustrates an example sleeveless shirt 400A having a higher friction surface 402A over a front, anterior and lower, inferior portion of the torso and a lower friction surface 404A over the remainder of the sleeveless shirt 400A. The higher friction surface 402A can be configured to cover a majority of oblique and abdominal muscles.

[0169] FIG. 7B illustrates an example sleeveless shirt 400B having a higher friction surface 402B positioned over the chest and a lower friction surface over the remainder of the sleeveless shirt 400B. The high friction surface 402B can be configured to cover a majority of the pectoral muscles. As illustrated, the high friction surface 402B may not cover a majority of the clavicular head of the pectoralis major due to the raglan sleeve design of the sleeveless shirt 400B. The sleeveless shirt 400B can alternatively have a set-in sleeve; in which case the high friction surface 402B can cover a majority of the clavicular head of the pectoralis major as well as an anterior portion of each deltoid muscle. The high friction surface 402B can have a downward, inferior oriented V-shaped edge.

[0170] FIG. 7C illustrates an example sleeveless shirt 400C having a higher friction surface 402C in an hour-glass shape over a front, anterior portion of the torso and a lower friction surface 404C over the remainder of the sleeveless shirt 400C. The high friction surface 402C can be configured to cover a majority of the pectoral muscles similar to as illustrated and described in relation to FIG. 7B as well as a majority of the abdominal muscles and lower, inferior portions of oblique muscles.

[0171] FIG. 7D illustrates an example sleeveless shirt 400D having higher friction surfaces 402D extending from armpit to waistline on the sides of the torso and lower friction surfaces 404D over the remainder of the shirt 400D. The high friction surfaces 402D can be configured to cover lateral portions of oblique and serratus anterior muscles.

[0172] FIG. 7E illustrates an example sleeveless shirt 400E having a higher friction surface 402E extending in a column down the front, anterior portion of the torso from neck to waist and a lower friction surface 404E over the remainder of the sleeveless shirt 400E. The higher friction surface 402E can be configured to cover medial portions of the pectoral muscles and a majority of pectoral muscles, particularly medial portions of the pectoral muscles.

[0173] FIGS. 8A through 8E are illustrations of example vests 600A-E, each having respective surfaces 602A-E, 604A-E having differing surface properties to result in differing frictional forces when applied to a given surface such as skin, leather, cardboard, wood, plastic, metal, another textile, etc. Each vest 600A-E includes higher friction surfaces 602A-E and lower friction surfaces 604A-E. The higher friction surfaces 602A-E of a given vest 600A-E have a higher coefficient of friction than the lower friction surfaces 604A-E of that vest 600A-E, where “coefficient of friction” is contextually used as a comparative property of a surface as defined hereinabove.

[0174] The lower friction surfaces 604A-E can be designed to have desirable material properties such as cooling, object deflection, impact protection, moisture wicking, antimicrobial, antiviral, odor control, display symbols such as text, numbers, logo, etc. The higher friction surfaces 602A-E can enable the wearer to maintain possession of an object carried against the respective higher friction surface 602A-E. The vests 600A-E can be worn by a user engaged in physical labor to help the wearer to engage and carry boxes, bags, equipment, tools, appliances, etc. The vests 600A-E can respectively be worn as an undergarment to inhibit shifting of outer garments. As an alternative, the vests 600A-E can be worn inside out to as illustrated in FIGS. 8A through 8E; in which case, the higher friction surfaces 602A-E can be configured to grip skin and maintain position of the vest 600 when worn during physical activity. The lower friction surfaces 604A-E can be smoother than the higher friction surfaces 602A-E to aid in donning and doffing the vests 600A-E. As another alternative, the vests 600A-E can include surfaces 602A-E, 604A-E having differing coefficient of friction on the outside of the vest as illustrated while also including surfaces of having differing coefficient of friction on the inside of the vest to grip skin and maintain position of the garment while also being easily donned and doffed.

[0175] The vests 600A-E can be compression garments that, when worn, are stretched to provide a compression force to the torso and/or arms of the wearer. Configured as such, the vests 600A-E can have physical, psychological, physiological, psychophysical, and/or psychophysiological benefits of a compression garment. For instance, the vests 600A-E can provide protection from contusions and lacerations, provide active cooling, and/or reduce muscle fatigue.

[0176] The vests 600A-E can be constructed to have several geometries and constructed by several methods as understood by a person skilled in the pertinent art. The vests 600A-E as illustrated include seams. The seams can be made flat similar to seams of contemporary compression garments via sewing, fusing, adhesive gluing, ultrasonic welding, and/or thermal welding. The vests 600A-E can further include seams between the higher friction surfaces 602A-E and the lower friction surfaces 604A-E. Alternatively, two fabrics of the two surfaces 602A-E, 604A-E can be joined seamlessly through seamless knitting or weaving techniques. As another alternative, the two surfaces 602A-E, 604A-E can be formed of a single fabric with a common yarn, wherein the difference between coefficient of friction between the two surfaces is accomplished via different knitting patterns and/or techniques. The vests 600A-E as illustrated include a ribbed collar at the neck. Alternatively, the collar can be constructed using other techniques as understood by a person skilled in the pertinent art.

[0177] The vests 600A-E can be modified to include features of the tubular garments 100, 200 illustrated herein and variations thereof as understood by a person skilled in the pertinent art. The vests 600A-E can further include features, benefits, and/or functionality of example garments disclosed herein, including those not specifically illustrated. Textiles and fabrics of the vests 600A-E can have features, benefits, and/or functionality of textiles disclosed herein and variations thereof as understood by a person skilled in the pertinent art. For instance, the vests 600A-E can each include a textile having an outer surface on the exterior of the vest and an interior surface on the interior of the vest, and outer and interior surfaces of the textile can have differing coefficients of friction. For instance, the outer surface of the textile can have a higher coefficient of friction than the interior surface of the vest so that the exterior surface of the textile makes up at least a portion of the higher friction surface of the vest. The lower friction of the interior surface of the textile can make up at least a portion of an interior surface of the vest to facilitate donning and doffing of the vest.

[0178] The vests 600A-E as illustrated include a symmetrical pattern of higher friction surfaces 602A-E and low friction surfaces 604A-E. Alternatively, the vests 600A-E can be modified to be asymmetrical to meet the needs of a specific activity of the wearer.

[0179] FIG. 8A illustrates an example vest 600A having a higher friction surface 602A over a front, anterior and lower, inferior portion of the torso and a lower friction surface 604A over the remainder of the vest 600A. The higher friction surface 602A can be configured to cover a majority of oblique and abdominal muscles.

[0180] FIG. 8B illustrates an example vest 600B having a higher friction surface 602B positioned over the chest and a lower friction surface over the remainder of the vest 600B. The high friction surface 602B can be configured to cover a majority of the pectoral muscles. As illustrated, the high friction surface 602B may not cover a majority of the clavicular head of the pectoralis major due to the raglan sleeve design of the vest 600B. The vest 600B can alternatively have a set-in sleeve; in which case the high friction surface 602B can cover a majority of the clavicular head of the pectoralis major as well as an anterior portion of each deltoid muscle. The high friction surface 602B can have a downward, inferior oriented V-shaped edge.

[0181] FIG. 8C illustrates an example vest 600C having a higher friction surface 602C in an hour-glass shape over a front, anterior portion of the torso and a lower friction surface 604C over the remainder of the vest 600C. The high friction surface 602C can be configured to cover a majority of the pectoral muscles similar to as illustrated and described in relation to FIG. 8B as well as a majority of the abdominal muscles and lower, inferior portions of oblique muscles.

[0182] FIG. 8D illustrates an example vest 600D having higher friction surfaces 602D extending from armpit to waistline on the sides of the torso and lower friction surfaces 604D over the remainder of the vest 600D. The high friction surfaces 602D can be configured to cover lateral portions of oblique and serratus anterior muscles.

[0183] FIG. 8E illustrates an example vest 600E having a higher friction surface 602E extending in a column down the front, anterior portion of the torso from neck to waist and a lower friction surface 604E over the remainder of the vest 600E. The higher friction surface 602E can be configured to cover medial portions of the pectoral muscles and a majority of pectoral muscles, particularly medial portions of the pectoral muscles.

[0184] FIGS. 9A through 9B are illustrations of example pants 700A-B, each having respective surfaces 702A-E, 704A-E having differing surface properties to result in differing frictional forces when applied to a given surface such as skin, leather, cardboard, wood, plastic, metal, another textile, etc. Each pair of pants 700A-B include higher friction surfaces 702A-B and lower friction surfaces 704A-B. The higher friction surfaces 702A-B of a given pair of pants 700A-B have a higher coefficient of friction than the lower friction surfaces 704A-B of that pair of pants 700A-B, where “coefficient of friction” is contextually used as a comparative property of a surface as defined hereinabove.

[0185] The lower friction surfaces 704A-B can be designed to have desirable material properties such as cooling, object deflection, impact protection, moisture wicking, antimicrobial, antiviral, odor control, display symbols such as text, numbers, logo, etc. The higher friction surfaces 702A-B can enable the wearer to maintain possession of an object carried against the respective higher friction surface 702A-B. The pants 700A-B can be worn by a user engaged in physical labor to help the wearer to engage and carry boxes, bags, equipment, tools, appliances, etc. The pants 700A-B can respectively be worn as an undergarment to inhibit shifting of outer garments. As an alternative, the pants 700A-B can be worn inside out to as illustrated in FIGS. 7A through 7B; in which case, the higher friction surfaces 702A-B can be configured to grip skin and maintain position of the pants 700 when worn during physical activity. The lower friction surfaces 704A-B can be smoother than the higher friction surfaces 702A-B to aid in donning and doffing the pants 700A-B. As another alternative, the pants 700A-B can include surfaces 702A-B, 704A-B having differing coefficient of friction on the outside of the pants as illustrated while also including surfaces of having differing coefficient of friction on the inside of the pants to grip skin and maintain position of the garment while also being easily donned and doffed.

[0186] The pants 700A-B can be compression garments that, when worn, are stretched to provide a compression force to the hips, knees and/or legs of the wearer. Configured as such, the pants 700A-B can have physical, psychological, physiological, psychophysical, and/or psychophysiological benefits of a compression garment. For instance, the pants 700A-B can provide protection from contusions and lacerations, provide active cooling, and/or reduce muscle fatigue.

[0187] The pants 700A-B can be constructed to have several geometries and constructed by several methods as understood by a person skilled in the pertinent art. The pants 700A-B as illustrated include seams. The seams can be made flat similar to seams of contemporary compression garments via sewing, fusing, adhesive gluing, ultrasonic welding, and/or thermal welding. The pants 700A-B can further include seams between the higher friction surfaces 702A-E and the lower friction surfaces 704A-E. Alternatively, two fabrics of the two surfaces 702A-E, 704A-E can be joined seamlessly through seamless knitting or weaving techniques. As another alternative, the two surfaces 702A-E, 704A-E can be formed of a single fabric with a common yarn, wherein the difference between coefficient of friction between the two surfaces is accomplished via different knitting patterns and/or techniques.

[0188] The pants 700A-B can be modified to include features of the tubular garments 100, 200 illustrated herein and variations thereof as understood by a person skilled in the pertinent art. The pants 700A-B can further include features, benefits, and/or functionality of example garments disclosed herein, including those not specifically illustrated. Textiles and fabrics of the pants 700A-B can have features, benefits, and/or functionality of textiles disclosed herein and variations thereof as understood by a person skilled in the pertinent art. For instance, the pants 700A-B can each include a textile having an outer surface on the exterior of the pants and an interior surface on the interior of the pants, and outer and interior surfaces of the textile can have differing coefficients of friction. For instance, the outer surface of the textile can have a higher coefficient of friction than the interior surface of the pants so that the exterior surface of the textile makes up at least a portion of the higher friction surface of the pants. The lower friction of the interior surface of the textile can make up at least a portion of an interior surface of the pants to facilitate donning and doffing of the pants.

[0189] The pants 700A-B as illustrated include a symmetrical pattern of higher friction surfaces 702A-B and low friction surfaces 704A-B. Alternatively, the pants 700A-B can be modified to be asymmetrical to meet the needs of a specific activity of the wearer.

[0190] FIG. 9A illustrates example pants 700A having higher friction surfaces 702A positioned to be worn over the knees and a lower friction surface 704A over a remainder of the exterior of the pants 700A. The higher friction surfaces 702A can be configured to cover a superior portion of the calf muscles and an inferior portion of the quadriceps muscles. The higher friction surface 702A can be configured to cover the knees. The pants 700A may be useful to protect the during physical labor, for example construction work, flooring, etc.

[0191] FIG. 9B illustrates example pants 700B having higher friction surfaces 702B positioned on an interior surface of the pants 700B and a lower friction surface 704B over the exterior of the pants 700B. The higher friction surfaces 702B can be configured to prevent the pants 700B from undesirably slipping out of position on the wearer's body.

[0192] The above disclosure describes several variations of a garment including, but not limited to, variations in materials, variations in configuration of surfaces having differing smoothness or coefficient of friction, variations in construction methods (e.g. weaving, knitting, seam construction), variations in methods of wearing and use, etc. Additional variations may be apparent to a person skilled in the pertinent art upon reading the present disclosure. Variations understood to a person skilled in the pertinent art according to the teachings herein are intended to be covered in the scope of the claims which follow.