Wallpaper and method for providing wallpaper

Abstract

A reusable wallpaper and method for producing reusable wallpaper for removable attachment to a wall or ceiling surface with wallpaper paste. The wallpaper includes only a flat base layer without a paste coating applied by the manufacturer. The flat base layer is in the form of a textile, in particular synthetic fibers.

Claims

1. A wallpaper which can be detachably applied to a wall or ceiling surface with wallpaper paste, the wallpaper consisting of a single sheet-like base layer of a textile with no adhesive, the base layer comprising a rear side for attachment to the wall or ceiling surface and a front side opposite the rear side, wherein the base layer comprises a plurality of holes, each of the plurality of holes having a perforated structure that extends from the rear side to the front side, such that the base layer allows liquid adhesive applied to the front side to transfer to the rear side and spread onto the wall or ceiling surface, and such that liquid adhesive on the wall or ceiling surface dries through the plurality of holes into ambient air.

2. The wallpaper according to claim 1, wherein the base layer is in the form of mesh fabric.

3. The wallpaper according to claim 2, wherein the mesh fabric is configured: with a treble stitch; and/or in a single-yarn system, 2-yarn system or 3-yarn system; and/or as a warp-knitted fabric; and/or as a stitch-bonded fabric.

4. The wallpaper according to claim 1, wherein the base layer is a non-woven.

5. The wallpaper according to claim 1, wherein the base layer is a woven fabric.

6. The wallpaper according to claim 1, wherein the base layer is made from at least 50% of a synthetic polymer comprising polyamide and/or polyacrylic and/or polypropylene and/or polyester.

7. The wallpaper according to claim 1, wherein the base layer has a weight per unit area of less than 200 g/m.sup.2.

8. The wallpaper according to claim 1, wherein the base layer is dimensionally stable in a state of the wallpaper wetted by the wallpaper paste present in a liquid and, resp., non-set state.

9. The wallpaper according to claim 1, wherein the base layer is non-swelling as regards water and/or as regards the wallpaper paste present in the liquid and, resp., non-set state.

10. The wallpaper according to claim 1, wherein the base layer has a longitudinally definable first elongation value at 100 N and/or a transversely definable elongation value at 100 N which is less than or equal to 25%.

11. The wallpaper according to claim 1, wherein the base layer and/or a textile yarn thread of the base layer and/or a single textile filament of the base layer has/have a tensile and/or tear strength of more than 800 MPa.

12. The wallpaper according to claim 1, wherein the base layer in a dried and, resp., set state of the wallpaper paste of the wallpaper attached to the wall or ceiling surface can be removed from the wall or ceiling surface almost or completely residue-free.

13. The wallpaper according to claim 1, wherein the base layer has an internal void volume portion ranging from 20% to 60% or has a surface tension ranging from 18 to 55 mN/m.

14. The wallpaper according to claim 1, wherein: a first wettability by water and/or by a hydrophilic solvent of the wallpaper paste onto the wall or ceiling surface is better than onto the base layer; and a second wettability by a disperse portion of the wallpaper paste onto the base layer is better than onto the wall or ceiling surface; and/or the first and/or second wettability is/are configured so that a height of a paste gap of the wallpaper paste forming in the liquid and, resp., non-set state between the base layer and the wall or ceiling surface is less than or equal to 100 nm.

15. The wallpaper according to claim 1, wherein the base layer is configured to be permeable to air in a dried and, resp., set state of the wallpaper paste applied to the base layer.

16. The wallpaper according to claim 1, wherein at least 50% of the base layer are made from a biodegradable material and/or compound.

17. The wallpaper according to claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of holes has an area of 0.2 to 2.0 mm.sup.2.

18. The wallpaper according to claim 17, wherein each of the plurality of holes has an area of 0.3 to 0.8 mm.sup.2.

19. The wallpaper according to claim 1, wherein the textile is a synthetic fiber.

20. The wallpaper according to claim 1, wherein the passages comprise capillary liquid passages.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING FIGURES

(1) In the following, example embodiments of the present disclosure are described based on the pertinent figures:

(2) FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a state-of-the-art wallpaper mounted on a wall;

(3) FIG. 2 is an enlarged representation and, resp., top view of a base layer of a wallpaper according to a first preferred embodiment of the invention;

(4) FIG. 3 is a representation of a mounting kit for a wallpaper according to a preferred embodiment of a further aspect of the invention;

(5) FIGS. 4A to 4G illustrate steps to mount or attach a wallpaper by a mounting kit according to the preferred embodiment of FIG. 3;

(6) FIG. 5A is a schematic sectional view of a wallpaper mounted on a wall according to a second preferred embodiment of the invention;

(7) FIG. 5B is a schematic sectional view of the wallpaper according to the second preferred embodiment for illustration of the state when removing the wallpaper from the wall;

(8) FIG. 6A is a schematic sectional view of a wallpaper mounted on a wall according to a third preferred embodiment of the invention;

(9) FIG. 6B is a schematic sectional view of the wallpaper according to the third preferred embodiment for illustration of the state when removing the wallpaper from the wall;

(10) FIGS. 7A to 7C show enlarged top views of a base layer of a wallpaper in the form of knitted polyester fabric according to further preferred embodiments of the invention;

(11) FIGS. 8A and 8B show enlarged top views of a base layer of a wallpaper in the form of woven polyester fabric according to yet further preferred embodiments of the invention; and

(12) FIGS. 9A to 9C show enlarged top views of a base layer of a wallpaper in the form of knitted polyester fabric according to yet further preferred embodiments of the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

(13) FIG. 1 illustrates a conventional wallpaper 1 as known from the state of the art. More precisely, it is a paper wallpaper 1 that was glued in webs to a wall surface W by means of a glue (layer 2).

(14) Those wallpapers have the drawback that it is complicated to cover the wall with heavy paper or nonwoven webs and that it is just as complicated to completely remove the webs from the covered wall surface again.

(15) Applicant surprisingly found that, when using particular textile materials as base material for a wallpaper 1, especially advantageous properties are resulting, which shall be illustrated in detail in the following.

(16) The substantially rectangular (sole) base layer 4 of a wallpaper 1 according to a preferred example embodiment of the invention as shown enlarged in FIG. 2 consists of a knitted polyester fabric having a weight per unit area ranging from 60 g/m.sup.2 to 180 g/m.sup.2. Two particularly preferred textiles for use as base layer 4 are, on the one hand, a white (non-dyed) knitted polyester fabric (100% polyester) having a thickness of 0.18 mm and a weight per unit area of 67 g/m.sup.2, and a white knitted polyester fabric having a thickness of 0.38 mm and a weight per unit area of 176 g/m.sup.2. In the enlarged representation of the textile base layer 4 in FIG. 2, apart from the stitch courses M also holes 5 are visible which are uniformly knitted into the structure of the base layer 4. Moreover, FIG. 2 shows that the holes 5 in the preferred embodiment are knitted uniformly spaced from each other in each stitch course M at a space A. The equidistant courses of holes 5 are arranged to be offset against each other in respective adjacent stitch courses M. The individual holes 5 in the shown embodiment have a surface area of about 0.4 mm.sup.2. The structure including (micro) holes has turned out to be particularly advantageous for use as wallpaper 1, as said structure entails a lower weight of the wallpaper 1 and moreover reduces the effective adhesive surface, thus allowing the wallpaper to be easily stripped off a wall or ceiling surface covered with the same even in the dry state. A preferred hole area to full area ratio ranges from 1:10 to 1:5.

(17) The textile used as base layer 4 of the wallpaper 1 has a lower weight than conventional wallpapers, thus facilitating the handling during mounting. In addition, the holes cause, as mentioned already, a significant reduction of the adhesive surface between the base layer 4 and the surface W to be covered, wherein the viewer nevertheless gets an overall aesthetic impression due to the distance to the wallpaper 1, as the recess or the holes 5 are no longer visible to the naked eye even at a small distance. In the case of uniform hole patterns such as the one according to the preferred embodiment, moreover good printability of the fabric is maintained. In addition, the wallpaper 1 dries faster and the manufacture thereof is more cost-efficient, as the knitted fabric is not fully covered.

(18) The wallpaper 1 according to the preferred example embodiment is made from polyester. Synthetic textiles made from this material are highly resistant, tear-proof and durable. At the same time, they are robust and easy to clean, because they are washable. It is moreover favorable that polyester has a low weight and can be easily printed. The fabric absorbs little moisture and is mildew-proof, which is advantageous for the use as base material of a wallpaper.

(19) Hereinafter, a preferred method of providing a reusable (large) wallpaper 1 according to the afore-described embodiments of the invention shall be illustrated.

(20) At first, the dimensions of the desired wallpaper are retrieved via an (online/internet) configurator, for example. E.g., height and width dimensions of the wall surface W to be covered can be retrieved. In this way, a large wallpaper 1 can be provided for covering an entire wall surface W in one piece, eliminating the need for laborious laying of webs and the need for a pasting table and allowing the wallpaper 1 to be removed in one piece again.

(21) The retrieved values are used to cut a textile semi-finished product—i.e., a material (knitted polyester fabric) as afore-described—to the desired dimensions so as to produce the base layer 4 of the wallpaper 1.

(22) In a next (optional) step, a pattern or motive equally chosen in the (online/internet) configurator (or provided/uploaded by the user) can be printed on the cut base layer 4 in a digital printing method, more precisely in a sublimation printing method, to complete the wallpaper 1.

(23) According to a preferred aspect of the invention, the reusable wallpaper 1 is provided in a mounting kit 10 (referred to herein as “Easy-Kit”) schematically shown in FIG. 3. The Easy-Kit 10 basically consists of a defined amount of glue 4, a number of mounting clips 6, a ceiling brush 8, a scalpel (not shown) as well as an aluminum L-profile of 30 cm in length (not shown). Optionally, depending on the width of the motive, another package of glue and another mounting clip are added to the Easy-Kit.

(24) The glue 2 is added to the mounting kit 10 in defined units (here: 200 g). Depending on a surface area determined based on the retrieved dimensions, a number of glue units is calculated which is contained in the mounting kit 10.

(25) The glue added to the mounting kit 10 is based on cellulose and starch, but at the same time also portions of synthetic resin (in this case a polyvinylchloride resin) are added to increase the initial adhesion and the adhesive performance. This guarantees that even large-area wallpapers 1 can be processed without coming off the wall again afterwards.

(26) Hereinafter, an exemplary method for covering a wall W with a wallpaper 1 and with the aid of a mounting kit 10 according to the afore-described embodiment will be explained.

(27) As shown in FIG. 4A, at first the glue 2 supplied within the mounting kit 10 is stirred with water free from lumps.

(28) After a swell time, the glue 2 is generously applied to a wall W to be wallpapered by means of the brush 8 supplied within the mounting kit (see FIG. 4B).

(29) The wallpaper 1 can be delivered and, resp., stored in the folded state. For easier attaching to the wall, in a next step the wallpaper 1 is rolled up except for a predetermined projection (here 20 cm) (see FIG. 4C). The rolled wallpaper is fixed by means of the clips 6 of the mounting kit 10 so that the wallpaper cannot unroll (see FIG. 4D). Accordingly, one clip 6 is used to fix 2 m of wallpaper width.

(30) The projection is aligned in parallel at the adjacent edge of the wall W and is pressed onto the glued wall.

(31) As is shown in FIG. 4F, the clips are released (as soon as the projection is fastened along the entire width) and the wallpaper 1 is unrolled by a particular length (e.g., 20 cm) and is fixed by the clips 6 again. Now the wallpaper 1 is tightened at a small distance from the wall W and then is pressed onto the wall W. Subsequently, the wallpaper 1 is smoothed out against the wall W. This operation is repeated until the wallpaper is completely fastened to the wall. Excess glue residues outside the area of the wallpaper must be removed with the aid of a towel.

(32) In a last step shown in FIG. 4G, the entire wallpaper 1 is once again coated with glue 2 by means of the brush 8.

(33) The use of the clips 6 allows for easy mounting even in the case of very wide wallpapers 1. Of preference, one person can assist per running 2 m of wallpaper width.

(34) The wallpaper 1 can be removed residue-free and non-destructively without using any tool and without any (chemical) substances. The removed wallpaper 1 can be washed, stored (in the folded state) and redecorated somewhere else. The removed wallpaper 1 can be replaced by a different wallpaper 1, e.g., having a different motive. In this way, a “change of scene” can be easily and very quickly carried out.

(35) FIGS. 5A and 5B illustrate a schematic sectional view of a wallpaper 1 according to a second preferred embodiment of the invention, this embodiment relating to the wallpaper 1 having one (single) base layer in the form of a knitted fabric 4 (or mesh fabric 4). On the one hand, FIG. 5A shows a state in which the wallpaper 1 is mounted on and, resp., glued to a wall surface W. The schematic exemplary representation of FIG. 5A basically comprises all states in which a wallpaper glue 2 has (completely) wetted the base layer 4 as well as the wall surface W. In other words, irrespective of how far advanced the process of setting of the wallpaper glue, i.e., in the case of wallpaper glue present as dispersion adhesive: of drying of the wallpaper glue, is to be regarded. On the other hand, FIG. 5B shows a later state in which the wallpaper 1 and, resp., the base layer 4 is removed from the wall surface W again or, resp., is stripped by applying an especially manually exerted tensile force or removing force F.

(36) The knitted fabric 4 (or mesh fabric 4) extends as an elongate web fabric, for example in a roll assembly, in a longitudinal direction x, particularly for forming the height of a wallpaper web of the wallpaper 1. Free from mechanical tensile forces, the original textile basic structure related to the knitted fabric 4 becomes clear virtually unchanged even in the state coated with the wallpaper glue 2 shown here: The knitted fabric 4 has a height of the base layer H.sub.4 corresponding to the fabric thickness of the knitted fabric 4 in a height direction z. Accordingly, the knitted fabric 4 further extends in a transverse direction y, in particular for forming the width of a web of the wallpaper 1. From one yarn thread 12 (infinite by approximation) a plurality of the looped and knitted stitches of the knitted fabric 4 is formed. The yarn thread 12 in this context is twisted out of a plurality of individual strands 11, 11 as individual filaments of a polymeric spinning fiber. The plurality of stitches of the knitted fabric 4 forms a plurality of loop-shaped holes or pores. They have a (mean or nominal) stitch diameter D.sub.pore as diameter of the hole. The plurality of the stitches of the knitted fabric 4 is arranged regularly at a first space equal (on average or virtually, at least along any sectional plane) between the holes A by the textile manufacturing process.

(37) A wallpaper glue 2 applied to the wall W to be wallpapered as wall or ceiling surface and being in the liquid, such as freshly stirred, state, for example from the category of the dispersion adhesives, wets the wall-side surface of the knitted fabric 4 after attaching the wallpaper 1 to the full surface of the wall W. In this way and, resp., subsequently, a glue gap having a height of the glue gap H.sub.glue gap as adhesion-promoting intermediate layer (not shown true-to-scale, can ideally spread or lie in the nanometer range). The adhesion promotion is sufficiently high already in the still non-set, viz. liquid, state of the wallpaper glue in order to prevent the wallpaper 1 from slipping or falling from the wall W because of its dead weight. The still liquid wallpaper glue 2 wets the plurality of the stitches having the stitch diameter D.sub.pore and (almost) completely penetrates the knitted fabric 4 in an internal void volume. An excess of wallpaper glue 2 exits the stitches to form an (e.g., closed) surface film having a height of a wallpaper glue layer H.sub.2 remote from the wall on the side of the knitted fabric 4 remote from the wall.

(38) In the following, the wallpaper glue 2 sets for forming the final adhesive compound. This can be achieved especially by evaporation of an aqueous portion or a moisture of the wallpaper glue 2 into the environment and, resp., by drying of the wallpaper 1 according to the invention. Evaporation into the ambient air is determined particularly by material transport operations (in particular diffusion, solubility etc.) inside (the matrix) of the wallpaper glue 2. Accordingly, a variability of the drying or setting process of the wallpaper glue 2 along the height direction z and/or along a time axis (or in time) has to be assumed.

(39) In the course of a drying operation for setting, where necessary, the polymeric portions of the wallpaper glue wet the polymeric knitted fabric 4 more strongly than the hydrophilic wall (concrete, gypsum, minerally plastered, etc.). As a result, the wallpaper glue tends to concentrate more strongly toward the knitted fabric 4 than toward the wall during the setting process, from a (surface-)physical and/or chemical point of view. This causes or supports the removability of the wallpaper 1 in the set state (ideally residue-free removability: without any residues of filaments 11 and/or yarn thread 12).

(40) Moreover, the afore-described higher wetting affinity of the polymeric portions of the wallpaper glue to the polymeric knitted fabric 4 has the advantageous effect that, when removing the wallpaper 1 as illustrated in FIG. 5B, in accordance with removing the knitted fabric 4 as few residues R in the form of remainders or fragments of the wallpaper glue 2 as possible will remain on the wall W.

(41) FIG. 5B further illustrates that a removing force F applied as tensile force causes removal of the wallpaper 1 at a (by far) later point-in-time. The tension vector preferably can have a small vector part in the height direction z. In other words, the wallpaper 1 can be ideally stripped in a planar manner. I.e., preferably the wallpaper 1 and, resp., the knitted fabric 4 is stripped or removed by a tension vector (portion) exerted in (or close to) a plane spanned by the longitudinal direction x and the transverse direction y.

(42) FIG. 5B further illustrates that the removing force F applied as tensile force slightly stretches the knitted fabric, resulting in an appropriately stretched second space between the stretched holes B. A ratio between the second space B and the first space A is determined from a textile expansion behavior inherent to the knitted fabric 4 and/or a dimensional stability related to the knitted fabric 4. The latter may be dependent on the direction, for example, and/or do not correlate linearly (not according to Newton) to the removing force F applied as tensile force. Further, the hole dimensions of the plurality of stitches change to form a (mean or nominal) diameter of a stretched hole b.

(43) FIG. 5B further illustrates that, by the wetting of the wallpaper glue 2 into the (holes of the) knitted fabric 4, in the set state of the wallpaper glue at least partially undercutting solid-solid structures or base layer-wallpaper glue structures are formed. This supports a, preferably complete, removability of the wallpaper 1 from the wall W which is ideally free from residues R. In other words, the wallpaper glue 2 can be stripped off the wall W together with the knitted fabric 4 and, resp., the base layer.

(44) FIGS. 6A and 6B illustrate, analogously to the FIGS. 5A and 5B for the second preferred embodiment, a schematic sectional view of a wallpaper 1 according to a third preferred embodiment of the invention, wherein this embodiment relates to a wallpaper 1 having a base layer configured as a woven fabric 4 rather than a base layer configured as a knitted fabric. In this respect, reference numerals similar to those of FIGS. 5A and 5B denote like features or parts and effects, and the foregoing description is referred to regarding the common features or parts and effects.

(45) The woven fabric 4 extends as an elongate web fabric, such as in a rolled assembly, in a longitudinal direction x, particularly for forming the height of a wallpaper web of the wallpaper 1. In this way, it can be printed in a continuous printing machine, such as in a roller printing method such as offset, sublimation, etc., at very high web rates equally in the longitudinal direction x.

(46) The base layer configured as woven fabric 4 has (at least) one (possibly infinite) warp yarn 13 in a longitudinal direction of the woven fabric 4 and (at least) one (possibly infinite) weft yarn 14 in a (substantially) transverse direction y of the woven fabric 4. In other words, the warp yarn 13 is crossed by the weft yarn 14 in a, preferably right-angled, crossing yarn system for forming a textile fabric. By mutual integration of the warp yarn 13 and the weft yarn 14, the woven fabric 4 is dimensionally stable. Furthermore, FIG. 6A illustrates, especially in comparison to the analogous FIG. 5A for the second embodiment with a base layer in the form of a knitted fabric, that the optionally close tight weaving implies the fact that comparatively narrow gaps or holes having a smaller diameter of the hole D.sub.pore are formed between the crossing points of the warp yarn 13 and the weft yarn 14. Also, in FIG. 6A an void volume portion of the knitted fabric 4 is illustrated which appears to be smaller vis-á-vis the void volume portion of the knitted fabric 4 shown in FIG. 5A.

(47) Given otherwise comparable conditions, it follows from the above that a different proportional height distribution of the wallpaper glue 2 is resulting, if in the area of the height H.sub.4 of the knitted fabric 4 there is little (less) space for (an excess of) wallpaper glue 2. Compared to the situation shown in FIG. 5A (for the knitted fabric), in this way the height of a wallpaper glue layer H.sub.2 remote from the wall and/or the height of the glue gap H.sub.glue gap are formed to be more definite and elevated, resp., for the woven fabric 4.

(48) FIG. 6A shows the non-limiting example that the warp yarn 13 and the weft yarn 14 of the knitted fabric 4 are made from a yarn thread 12 equal as regards the inner and/or outer dimensions. The diameter of the yarn thread D.sub.12 results from the diameter of the bundle of the plurality of individual fibers 11, 11 as filaments each of which has a diameter of the filament D.sub.11.

(49) FIGS. 7A to 7C illustrate enlarged top views of a base layer of a wallpaper in the form of a warp-knitted polyester fabric according to further preferred embodiments of the invention. In each case, at the top of the picture, a centimeter scale subdivided into ten millimeter spaces is shown. FIGS. 8A and 8B show enlarged top views of a base layer of a wallpaper in the form of warp-knitted polyester fabric according to yet further preferred embodiments of the invention. And FIGS. 9A to 9C illustrate enlarged top views of a base layer of a wallpaper in the form of warp-knitted polyester fabric according to yet further preferred embodiments of the invention.

(50) In the following, a comparative test series is disclosed for the further preferred embodiments of the invention shown in FIGS. 7A to 9C:

1. Test Rig

(51) A total of 12 different flat fabric samples were mounted or wallpapered as a base layer or, resp., a textile fabric. These fabric samples were dismounted and, resp., removed from the wall again after drying and, resp., setting of the wallpaper glue.

(52) The fabric samples were initially cut to a uniform size of a 50 cm×50 cm square cut. Then these fabric samples were flatly glued onto a conventional gypsum board evenly covered with a wallpaper glue for simulating a standard wall surface. Uniform application was ensured by flatly removing an excess of the wallpaper glue by means of a rubber lip stripper.

(53) As wallpaper glue, in this case a conventional liquid wallpaper glue was used (produced by Henkel KGaA, type designation “Metylan Spezialkleister”). The liquid formulation ensures, in accordance with better experimental reproducibility, that the wallpaper glue is used being already formulated to be stabilized as regards its viscosity. Thus, the influence of an otherwise time-variable viscosity build-up of the wallpaper glue, in particular on the flow behavior as well as the dynamic and/or static wetting angle, is most largely eliminated. Also, in the wallpaper glue used here the otherwise relatively short processing window is increased by means of the specific formulation, and possible effects of wrong mixing or stirring of the wallpaper glue by the user are disregarded, which is equally selected in accordance with an optimized reproducibility of the test series disclosed here. Comparative tests with a conventional wallpaper glue (dry filling for mixing by the customer) showed comparable results, however, so that the invention is by no means limited to the use of a liquid wallpaper glue.

(54) After drying and, resp., setting of the wallpaper glue, the maximum stripping forces required for dismounting or removing the fabric samples from the wall was measured in Newton by means of a linear tension measuring instrument. To this end, removal was carried out along the gypsum board as wall surface, viz. at an angle of virtually 0°, i.e., the direction of tension being parallel to the wall surface. The respective fabric sample was stripped from a first corner (e.g., top left) to a diametrically opposed second corner (e.g., bottom right) flatly (onto itself) so that the stripping force was exerted at an angle of (about) 45° with an upper edge or lateral edge of the fabric sample.

(55) In the comparative test series, the following fabric samples were used:

(56) a) Apparel fabrics (not shown in Figures) 100% viscose, woven fabric 100% polyester, woven fabric 100% linen, woven fabric 100% cotton, woven fabric

(57) b) Fabrics for flags by Georg+Otto Friedrich GmbH (64846 Gross-Zimmern, Germany) 6043 KFL, knitted fabric 6144 GS, knitted fabric 7137 KGFS, knitted fabric

(58) c) Fabrics for flags by Gebrüder Aurich GmbH (42477 Radevormwald, Germany) No. 637, woven fabric No. 624, woven fabric No. 386, knitted fabric No. 254, knitted fabric No. 261, knitted fabric

2. Test Results

(59) a) Apparel fabrics 100% polyester (not shown in Figures) mounting deformation when applied to adhesive surface; non-uniform penetration of the fabric by the glue; fraying at the edges; dismounting dimensional stability during drying; removable as a whole without residues, maximum stripping force 12 N; fraying at the edges. 100% viscose (not shown in Figures) mounting deformation when applied to adhesive surface; non-uniform penetration of the fabric by the glue; fraying at the edges; dismounting dimensional stability during drying; not non-destructively removable, maximum stripping force 90 N; fraying at the edges. 100% linen (not shown in Figures) mounting deformation when applied to adhesive surface; non-uniform penetration of the fabric by the glue; fraying at the edges; dismounting dimensional stability during drying; removable as a whole without residues, maximum stripping force 41 N; fraying at the edges. 100% cotton (not shown in Figures) mounting deformation when applied to adhesive surface; non-uniform penetration of the fabric by the glue; fraying at the edges; dismounting dimensional stability during drying; removable as a whole without residues, maximum stripping force 17 N; fraying at the edges.

(60) b) Fabrics for flags by Georg+Otto Friedrich GmbH (64846 Gross-Zimmern, Germany) No. 6043 KFL, knitted fabric (enlarged top view in FIG. 7a) flame-retardant finishing; standard fabric for flags; excellent printability; extra thermal fixing and conditioning for digital print; weight 110 g/m.sup.2; mounting attachable to the glue without deformation; very uniform penetration of the fabric by the glue; no fraying at the edges; dismounting dimensional stability during drying; removable as a whole without residues, maximum stripping force 57 N; no fraying at the edges. No. 6144 GS, knitted fabric (enlarged top view in FIG. 7b) flame-retardant; machine-washable at 40° C.; professional dry-cleaning; transfer print and/or direct print with sublimation inks; weight 110 g/m.sup.2; mounting attachable to the glue without deformation; very uniform penetration of the fabric by the glue; no fraying at the edges; dismounting dimensional stability during drying; removable as a whole without residues, maximum stripping force 62 N; no fraying at the edges. No. 7137 KGFS, knitted fabric (enlarged top view in FIG. 7c) flame-retardant; transfer print and/or direct print with sublimation inks and/or with UV hardening inks and/or with latex inks; weight 120 g/m.sup.2; mounting attachable to the glue without deformation; very uniform penetration of the fabric by the glue; no fraying at the edges; dismounting dimensional stability during drying; removable as a whole without residues, maximum stripping force 38 N; no fraying at the edges.

(61) c) Fabrics for flags by Gebrüder Aurich GmbH (42477 Radevormwald, Germany) No. 637, woven fabric (enlarged top view in FIG. 8a) light taffeta-type woven for interior decoration; application: indoor, exhibitions, decoration; weight 68 g/m.sup.2; sublimation direct print; mounting deformation when applied to adhesive surface; non-uniform penetration of the fabric by the glue; fraying at the edges; dismounting dimensional stability during drying; removable as a whole without residues, maximum stripping force 35 N; fraying at the edges. No. 624, woven fabric (enlarged top view in FIG. 8b) woven flag fabric free from stress whitening, longer durability, very resistant, strong print through, edge sharpness; application: extremely durable flags, indoor and outdoor; weight 155 g/m.sup.2; sublimation direct print; mounting deformation when applied to adhesive surface; non-uniform penetration of the fabric by the glue; fraying at the edges; dismounting dimensional stability during drying; removable as a whole without residues, maximum stripping force 32 N; fraying at the edges. No. 386, knitted fabric (enlarged top view in FIG. 9a) warp-knitted flag for high wind forces with indicated hole structure, 3-yarn system; weight 115 g/m.sup.2; screen printing and/or transfer print and/or sublimation direct print; mounting attachable to the glue without deformation; very uniform penetration of the fabric by the glue; no fraying at the edges; dismounting dimensional stability during drying; removable as a whole without residues, maximum stripping force 38 N; no fraying at the edges. No. 254, knitted fabric (enlarged top view in FIG. 9b) warp-knitted flag for extremely high printing resolution, 2-yarn system; weight 115 g/m.sup.2; screen printing and/or transfer print and/or sublimation direct print; mounting applicable to the glue without deformation; very uniform penetration of the fabric by the glue; no fraying at the edges; dismounting dimensional stability during drying; removable as a whole without residues, maximum stripping force 66 N; no fraying at the edges. No. 261, knitted fabric (enlarged top view in FIG. 9c) warp-knitted flag for high printing resolution; dense structure by textured use of yarn; 2-yarn system; weight 115 g/m.sup.2; screen printing and/or transfer print and/or sublimation direct print; mounting attachable to the glue without deformation; very uniform penetration of the fabric by the glue; no fraying at the edges; dismounting dimensional stability during drying; removable as a whole without residues, maximum stripping force 25 N; no fraying at the edges.