Abstract
The invention relates to a formwork frame for a formwork element of a ceiling formwork, comprising: a first cross-support; a second cross-support; a connecting piece which is longer in comparison to the first and second cross-support, which is arranged substantially perpendicular to the first and second cross-support, and which connects the first cross-support to the second cross-support; a first lateral recess on the one longitudinal side of the formwork frame; and a second lateral recess on the other longitudinal side of the formwork frame.
Claims
1. A system, comprising: a formwork frame; and two first formwork props, the formwork frame having: a first cross-support, a second cross-support, a connecting piece which is longer than the first cross-support and the second cross-support, is arranged substantially perpendicular to the first cross-support and the second cross-support, and connects the first cross-support to the second cross-support, a first lateral recess on one longitudinal side of the formwork frame, and a second lateral recess on another longitudinal side of the formwork frame, wherein the first cross-support has two first retainers for detachable connection to the two first formwork props such that the formwork frame is arranged in an intermediate position inclined downwards from the first cross-support along the connecting piece in a direction of the second cross-support.
2. The system according to claim 1, wherein the first cross-support has a first receptacle and/or the second cross-support has a second receptacle for detachable connection to a longitudinal support and/or a panel element of the formwork element in the intermediate position of the formwork frame inclined downwards from the first cross-support along the connecting piece in the direction of the second cross-support.
3. The system according to claim 2, wherein the first receptacle has a first receiving groove and/or the second receptacle has a second receiving groove.
4. The system according to claim 3, wherein the first receiving groove has a first undercut and/or the second receiving groove has a second undercut for engagement with a hook element of the longitudinal support and/or a hook element of the panel element.
5. The system according to claim 4, wherein the first cross-support has a first retainer and/or the second cross-support has a second retainer for detachable connection to a formwork prop.
6. The system according to claim 5, wherein the first retainer and/or the second retainer has a retaining protrusion or a retaining opening in each case for connection to a formwork prop.
7. The system according to claim 1, wherein the connecting piece is connected to the first cross-support and the second cross-support displaceably in a transverse direction.
8. The system according to claim 1, wherein the connecting piece is formed by a double piece.
9. (canceled)
10. (canceled)
11. (canceled)
12. A ceiling formwork for producing a ceiling element, comprising: a formwork frame and two first ceiling props according to claim 1, the first cross-support of the formwork frame being supported on the first ceiling props; and two second ceiling props, on which the second cross-support of the formwork frame is supported.
13. The ceiling formwork according to claim 12, further comprising: a further formwork element; and two third ceiling props.
14. A method for constructing a ceiling formwork for producing a ceiling element, comprising: arranging two first ceiling props on a floor, providing a formwork frame having: a first cross-support, a second cross-support, a connecting piece which is longer than the first cross-support and the second cross-support, is arranged substantially perpendicular to the first cross-support and the second cross-support, and connects the first cross-support to the second cross-support, a first lateral recess on one longitudinal side of the formwork frame, and a second lateral recess on another longitudinal side of the formwork frame, connecting the first cross-support of the formwork frame of the formwork element to the two first ceiling props, the first cross-support having two first retainers for detachable connection to the two first formwork props, the formwork frame of the formwork element being arranged in an intermediate position inclined downwards from the first cross-support along the connecting piece in the direction of the second cross-support, arranging a panel element and/or a longitudinal support on the formwork frame in the intermediate position to obtain a formwork element; swinging the formwork element up from the intermediate position into a preferably substantially horizontal use position, and supporting the second cross-support of the formwork frame of the formwork element with two second ceiling props.
15. The method according to claim 14, wherein when the formwork element is arranged in the intermediate position, an obstacle, is arranged within the first lateral recess or within the second lateral recess of the formwork element.
16. The system according to claim 3, wherein the first receiving groove extends substantially in a direction of a longitudinal axis of the first cross-support and/or the second receiving groove extends substantially in a direction of a longitudinal axis of the second cross-support.
17. The system according to claim 1, wherein at least one panel element is arranged on the formwork frame.
18. The system according to claim 17, wherein exactly two identical panel elements are arranged on the formwork frame to form a rectangular formwork top.
19. The system according to claim 17, wherein at least one longitudinal support is arranged on the formwork frame.
19. The system according to claim 19, wherein at least one longitudinal support is arranged on each side of the connecting piece to support a formwork board.
Description
[0039] The invention is explained in more detail below using an exemplary embodiment shown in the drawings.
[0040] FIGS. 1 to 4 show the construction of a ceiling formwork according to the invention, in which first an I-frame is attached to two formwork props (FIG. 1), two panel elements are hooked in while the I-frame is still in an inclined intermediate position (FIGS. 2a and 2b), before the formwork element formed of the I-frame and the panel elements is swung up into a horizontal concreting position (FIG. 3) and is supported in the concreting position with two further formwork props (FIG. 4).
[0041] FIG. 5 shows a ceiling formwork having four formwork elements according to FIG. 4 in the concreting position, each formwork element being formed by an I-frame and two panel elements held in a reversibly detachable manner therein.
[0042] FIGS. 6 to 9 show, corresponding to FIGS. 1 to 4, the construction of a further ceiling formwork according to the invention, in which the I-frame is again attached to two formwork props in the oblique position (FIG. 6), multiple longitudinal supports are inserted into the I-frame in the oblique position, in order to produce a formwork grate (FIG. 7), then the formwork grate is swung up (FIG. 8) and supported with two further formwork props (FIG. 9).
[0043] FIG. 10 shows a further ceiling formwork having four formwork elements according to FIG. 9 in the concreting position, each formwork element being formed by an I-frame with two further longitudinal supports.
[0044] FIG. 11 shows a preferred application of the ceiling formwork for building around an obstacle, in this case a concrete pillar, which is inserted into a lateral recess of the I-frame, before the lateral recess of the I-frame is closed by a longitudinal support.
[0045] FIG. 12a shows a ceiling formwork having four formwork elements, in which three formwork elements are formed according to FIG. 5 with panel elements, and one formwork element is formed with longitudinal supports according to FIG. 10 to build around a concrete pillar.
[0046] FIG. 12b shows a ceiling formwork having four formwork elements consisting of I-shaped formwork frames with longitudinal supports accommodated therein, on which are arranged standard formwork boards on one side and formwork boards 38 cut to size in the region of a pillar on the other side.
[0047] FIG. 13 shows an I-frame according to the invention having a first cross-support, a second cross-support, and a connecting piece which connects the first cross-support to the second cross-support and, in the variant shown, is displaceable in the transverse direction.
[0048] FIG. 14 shows the I-frame of FIG. 13, with the connecting piece shifted to one longitudinal side of the I-frame.
[0049] FIGS. 15a, 15b and 16 each show a further I-frame according to the invention which, in this variant, has a second connecting piece to form a double piece.
[0050] FIG. 17 shows a panel element for hooking into the I-frame according to the invention.
[0051] FIG. 18 shows a longitudinal support for hooking into the I-frame according to the invention.
[0052] FIGS. 1 to 4 show the construction of a ceiling formwork 1 to produce a ceiling or floor element by pouring concrete on the ceiling formwork 1.
[0053] According to FIG. 1, two elongate formwork props 2 are arranged in a vertical supporting position on the floor 3. The formwork props 2 have a prop upper part 2a and a prop lower part 2b. The prop upper part 2a is arranged in a telescoping manner on the prop lower part 2b, which is supported on the floor 3 by means of a foot plate 2c. To set the desired length of the formwork prop 2, the prop upper part 2a has pairs of opposing through-openings 4 spaced from each other in the longitudinal direction, and the prop lower part 2b has opposing slots 5, through which a securing element 6, in this case a securing bolt, can be inserted. Furthermore, a union nut 7 is provided for fine adjustment of the vertical position. The formwork props 2 are stabilised on the floor 3 using prop legs 8. At the top, the formwork props 2 have a head part 9 with four engagement elements 10, which protrude upwards from a head plate 11 of the head part 9. The engagement elements 10 provided in the embodiment shown are hooks, but the engagement elements 10 can also be formed by lugs, profiles or grooves.
[0054] As can also be seen from FIG. 1, a formwork frame 12, which is I-shaped when viewed from above, is attached to the formwork prop 2. The formwork frame forms the base for a formwork element 13 (cf. FIG. 2a). The formwork frame 12 has a first cross-support 14, a second cross-support 15 and a connecting piece 16 arranged at right angles thereto. One end of the connecting piece 16 is connected to the first cross-support 14, the other end of the connecting piece 16 is connected to the second cross-support 15, in each case in a non-tilting and captive manner. The first cross-support 14, the second cross-support 15 and the connecting piece 16 are in the form of linear elements having distinct longitudinal axes. The connecting piece 16 has a longer length (i.e. a greater extent in the direction of the longitudinal axis) than both the first cross-support 14 and the second cross-support 15, which have substantially the same length. Preferably, the ratio between the length of the connecting piece 16 and the length of the first cross-support 14 or the second cross-support 15 is more than 1.5:1, preferably more than 2:1, but in particular less than 4:1. A first lateral recess 17 is formed on one longitudinal side (i.e. longer side) of the formwork frame 12, and a second lateral recess 18 is formed on the other longitudinal side of the formwork frame 12. The first lateral recess 17 extends from one longitudinal side of the connecting piece 16 to one end of the first cross-support 14 and the second cross-support 15. The second lateral recess 18 extends from the other outer side of the connecting piece 16 to the other end of the first cross-support 14 and the second cross-support 15. The first lateral recess 17 and the second lateral recess 18 thus each have the same length as the connecting piece 16. The width of the first lateral recess 17 and the second lateral recess 18 corresponds to the distance from the respective longitudinal side of the connecting piece 16 to the corresponding ends of the first cross-support 14 and the second cross-support 15. In the embodiment shown, the connecting piece 16 protrudes substantially from the middle of the first cross-support 14 and the second cross-support 15, in relation to the longitudinal extent thereof, so that the formwork frame 12 has an I-shaped outline (i.e. in the viewing direction perpendicular to the formwork lining plane).
[0055] As can also be seen in FIG. 1, the first cross-support 14 has a first retainer 19, and the second cross-support 15 has a second retainer 20, which are designed for detachable connection to the first formwork props 2. The formwork frame 12 can thus be hooked into the formwork prop 2 and removed therefrom again. In the embodiment shown, the first retainer 19 on the first cross-support 14 and the second retainer 20 on the second cross-support 15 each have a retaining opening 21, with which the engagement elements 10, in this case in the form of hooks, can be brought into engagement on the head parts 11 of the associated formwork props 2. The connection between the retaining openings 21 on the first cross-support 14 and the engagement elements 10 on the formwork props 2 is such that the formwork frame 12 is held independently, i.e. without support under the second cross-support 15 and without manual holding of the second cross-support 15, in the intermediate position according to FIG. 1, in which the formwork frame 12 is inclined obliquely downwards from the first cross-support 14 along the connecting piece 16 in the direction of the second cross-support 15. The I-frame can be arranged at an angle of 5° to 45°, in particular 10° to 40°, for example substantially 20°, to the longitudinal axis of the formwork props 2, that is, to the vertical. The second cross-support 15 can thereby be situated in the vicinity of the lower end of the formwork prop 2, that is, close to the floor 3. This makes it easier to complete the formwork element 13; cf. FIG. 2a. The first cross-support 14 also has a first receptacle 22, and the second cross-support 15 has a second receptacle 23, which is needed in the next step of constructing the ceiling formwork 1.
[0056] As can be seen in FIGS. 2a and 2b, the first receptacle 22 and the second receptacle 23 (cf. FIG. 13) are used to arrange panel elements 24 on the formwork frame 12 in order to form the formwork element 13. The panel element 24 has a panel 24a, the top of which forms the formwork lining, i.e. the surface in contact with the concrete. On the underside of the panel 24a, the panel element 24 has two longitudinal struts 24b (cf. FIG. 17). In the embodiment shown, the panel elements 24 are dimensioned such that exactly two identical panel elements 24 form a rectangular top or formwork lining corresponding to the external outline of the formwork frame 12. In the embodiment shown, the first receptacle 22 has a first receiving groove 25, which extends substantially in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the first cross-support 14. Correspondingly, the second receptacle 23 has a second receiving groove 26 (cf. in particular FIG. 2b), which extends substantially in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the second cross-support 15. The first receiving groove 25 has a first undercut 27, and the second receiving groove 26 has a second undercut 28 (cf. FIGS. 15a and 15b), into which hook elements 29 are hooked at the opposing ends of the longitudinal struts 24b of the panel element 24 (cf. FIG. 17).
[0057] As can further be seen in FIG. 2a, a tool 30 in the form of a temporary prop is then brought into engagement with the second cross-support 15 of the formwork frame 12 in order to swing the formwork element 13 up from the intermediate position (FIG. 2a) into the horizontal use position (FIG. 3).
[0058] As can be seen in in FIGS. 3 and 4, the formwork element 13 is first supported in the use position by the temporary prop on the floor 3, before two second formwork props 32a are attached to the second cross-support 15. The temporary prop can be removed again.
[0059] As can be seen in FIG. 5, further formwork elements 13 can be provided to obtain a ceiling formwork 1 having the desired horizontal extent of the formwork lining. Third formwork props 32b are provided for this. Two adjacent formwork elements 13 share two (first, second, third) formwork props 2, 32a, 32b in each case. Up to four formwork elements 13 can be attached to each formwork prop 2, 32a, 32b by means of the four engagement elements 10.
[0060] FIGS. 6 to 10 show an alternative embodiment; only the differences from FIGS. 1 to 5 are discussed below.
[0061] In this embodiment, the formwork frame 12 is likewise first attached to the first formwork prop 2 in the inclined intermediate position (FIG. 6).
[0062] As can be seen in FIG. 7, longitudinal supports 33 are then connected to the formwork frame 12. To this end, the longitudinal supports 33 have, at the ends, hook elements 33a (cf. FIG. 18), which are hooked into the first receiving groove 25 on the first cross-support 14 and in the second receiving groove 26 on the second cross-support 15. In the embodiment shown, two longitudinal supports 33 are provided on both sides of the connecting piece 16 of the formwork frame 12.
[0063] The formwork element 13 is swung up into the use position (FIG. 8) and supported with the second formwork prop (FIG. 9) as in the embodiment of FIGS. 1 to 5.
[0064] As can be seen in FIG. 10, the ceiling formwork 1 can have multiple, for example four, formwork elements 13. Formwork boards 34 (cf. FIG. 12), which are not shown in FIG. 10, can then be laid on the formwork elements 13. The tops of the formwork boards 34 form the formwork lining of the ceiling formwork 1.
[0065] FIG. 11 shows a preferred application of the ceiling formwork 1 for cutting out an obstacle, in this case a concrete pillar 35. In the inclined intermediate position of the formwork frame 12, the concrete pillar 35 is received in the first lateral recess 17 of the I-frame 12, before a longitudinal support 33 is arranged on the side of the pillar 35 facing away from the connecting piece 16. In the embodiment shown, the second lateral recess 18 is closed by a panel element 24. However, at least one further longitudinal support 33 can alternatively be arranged in the second recess 18, as shown in FIG. 7.
[0066] FIG. 12a shows the ceiling formwork 1 by way of example with four formwork elements 13, in which three formwork elements 13 are formed according to FIG. 5 with panel elements 24, and the fourth formwork element 13 is formed with longitudinal supports 33 according to FIG. 11 to build around the concrete pillar 35. Formwork boards which have been cut to size (not shown in FIG. 12a) are then laid on the longitudinal supports 33 to complete the formwork top.
[0067] FIG. 12b shows an alternative embodiment in which the formwork elements are constructed with longitudinal supports 33, which are provided with standard formwork boards 34 on the other side of the pillar 35 and formwork boards 38 which have been cut to size in the region of the pillar 35.
[0068] FIGS. 13 and 14 show a further embodiment of the formwork frame 12 in which the connecting piece 16 is displaceable in the transverse direction 36 (i.e. in the longitudinal direction of the first cross-support 14 and the second cross-support 15).
[0069] FIG. 13 shows the connecting piece 16 in a central position in which the first lateral recess 17 and the second lateral recess 18 have substantially the same extent along the formwork lining plane.
[0070] According to FIG. 14, the connecting piece 16 has been shifted from the central position into an end position closer to one longitudinal side than the other longitudinal side of the formwork frame 12. As a result, the first lateral recess 17 has a larger horizontal extent than the second lateral recess 18. However, the second lateral recess 18 does not disappear completely.
[0071] FIGS. 15a, 15b and 16 each show a further embodiment of the formwork frame 12, the connecting piece 16 in this embodiment being formed by a double piece 37 consisting of two parallel piece elements 37a, 37b. However, the distance between the piece elements 37a, 37b is smaller, in particular smaller by a multiple, than the width of the first recess 17 and the second recess 18 (i.e. their extent in the longitudinal direction of the first cross-support 14 and the second cross-support 15), so that the I-shape of the formwork frame 12 is retained.
[0072] FIG. 17 shows the panel element 24 for hooking into and removal from the formwork frame 12 of the formwork element 13.
[0073] FIG. 18 correspondingly shows the longitudinal support 33 for hooking into and removal from the formwork frame 12.
