Personal vaporizer having a heating element with multiple surfaces

Abstract

A personal vaporizer includes a heating element having a generally upside-down cup shape. An air warming space is defined within the cup shape, and intake air is delivered into the air warming space. Vaporization media is delivered adjacent a top wall of the heating element. The heating element warms the vaporization media so that it flows downwardly along a side wall of the heating element. The side wall of the heating element is heated sufficient to atomize the vaporization media. Warmed intake air from the air warming space is drawn through the atomized media, forming a vapor that can be inhaled by a user.

Claims

1. A personal vaporizer, comprising: an atomizer module having an atomizer bowl opening toward a top end and defining a bowl space; a heating element disposed within the atomizer bowl, the heating element having a top wall and a side wall extending downwardly from the top wall, the side wall being tubular, an air warming space defined within the heating element, the heating element configured to atomize a vaporization media when actuated; and a vaporization space defined between the side wall and the atomizer bowl, the vaporization media disposed in the vaporization space on a first surface of the side wall; wherein when the heating element is actuated and air is drawn through the vaporizer, the intake air is drawn into the air warming space and along a second surface of the side wall before flowing into the vaporization space.

2. The personal vaporizer of claim 1 additionally comprising a mouthpiece module releasably connectable to the atomizer module, the mouthpiece module comprising a media carrier adapted to carry the vaporization media, wherein when the mouthpiece module is connected to the atomizer module, the vaporization media carried by the media carrier is immediately adjacent a top surface of the heating element.

3. The personal vaporizer of claim 2, wherein the heating element is configured to, when actuated, melt but not atomize vaporization media upon the top surface so that the melted vaporization media flows off of the top surface to the first surface of the side wall in the vaporization space, and wherein the heating element is configured so that, when actuated, vaporization media at and adjacent the first surface of the side wall is atomized.

4. The personal vaporizer of claim 1, wherein the heating element is configured to be hotter along the tubular side wall than along the top wall.

5. The personal vaporizer of claim 4, wherein a bottom wall of the atomizer bowl comprises an air aperture configured to direct intake air into the air warming space.

6. The personal vaporizer of claim 5, wherein an elongated air guide extends through the bottom wall of the atomizer bowl, the air aperture being formed by the elongated air guide, and wherein a side wall of the elongated air guide extends proximally from the bottom wall of the atomizer bowl.

7. The personal vaporizer of claim 5, wherein a plurality of spaced apart blocks extend proximally from the bottom wall of the atomizer bowl, and wherein a distal end of the heating element side wall rests upon the blocks, and wherein a fluid path is defined through spaces between the spaced apart blocks.

8. A method of vaporizing a vaporization media, comprising: applying the vaporization media onto a first surface of a heating element; actuating the heating element to warm the first surface so that the vaporization media on the first surface of the heating element is melted but not atomized, so that the melted vaporization media flows to a second surface of the heating element; and actuating the heating element to heat the second surface sufficiently so that the vaporization media on the second surface is atomized.

9. The method of claim 8, additionally comprising directing an input air flow across a third surface of the heating element while the heating element is actuated so as to warm the input air, then directing the input air across the second surface and through the atomized vaporization media.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein the heating element has a first portion and a second portion, and wherein the first surface and the third surface are on the first portion and on opposite sides of the first portion, and wherein the second surface is on the second portion.

11. The method of claim 10, wherein when the heating element is actuated, the second portion is hotter than the first portion.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein the first portion comprises a transverse wall and the second portion comprises a side wall that is tubular and which extends from the transverse wall so that a space is defined by the transverse wall and the side wall.

13. The method of claim 12, wherein the third surface is disposed within the space.

14. The method of claim 13 comprising directing a flow of intake air into the space.

15. A method of vaporizing a vaporization media, comprising: actuating a heating element having a first surface and a second surface so that -a the vaporization media on the second surface is atomized, the heating element comprising a transverse wall and a side wall extending from the transverse wall so that a space is defined within the transverse wall and side wall, the second surface being outside of the space; drawing an input air across the first surface so that heat from the first surface warms the input air; and after the air has been warmed, drawing the input air across the second surface and through the atomized vaporization media; wherein no vaporization media is on the first surface.

16. The method of claim 15, additionally comprising changing a flow path direction of the input air more than 90° between the first surface and the second surface.

17. The method of claim 15, wherein an air warming space is defined within the space, and the first surface is within the air warming space.

18. The method of claim 17, comprising the vaporization media being in direct contact with the second surface.

19. The method of claim 15, wherein and the second surface is arranged on the heating element side wall on a side opposite the air warming space.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a personal vaporizer assembled with a battery module;

(2) FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the vaporizer portion of the configuration of FIG. 1;

(3) FIG. 3 is a perspective cross-sectional view taken along line 3-3 of FIG. 2;

(4) FIG. 4 is an orthographic view of the configuration of FIG. 3;

(5) FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 5-5 of FIG. 2;

(6) FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the configuration of FIG. 3 with the mouthpiece module and heating element removed;

(7) FIG. 7 is an orthographic view of the configuration of FIG. 6;

(8) FIG. 8 is a perspective view of another embodiment of a vaporizer;

(9) FIG. 9 is an exploded perspective view of an embodiment of the vaporizer of FIG. 8;

(10) FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 10-10 of FIG. 9;

(11) FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 11-11 of FIG. 9;

(12) FIG. 12 is a perspective cross-sectional view of an embodiment of an atomizer case;

(13) FIG. 13 is an orthographic view of the configuration of FIG. 12;

(14) FIG. 14a is a cross-sectional view taken along line 14-14 of FIG. 8 depicted at a first instance during operation;

(15) FIG. 14b shows the configuration of FIG. 14a at a second instance during operation;

(16) FIG. 14c shows the configuration of FIG. 14a at a third instance during operation;

(17) FIG. 15 is a perspective view of a media carrier configured in accordance with an embodiment;

(18) FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 16-16 of FIG. 15;

(19) FIG. 17a is a cross-sectional view of a vaporizer incorporating the media carrier of FIG. 15, shown at a first instance during operation;

(20) FIG. 17b shows the configuration of FIG. 17a at a second instance during operation;

(21) FIG. 17c shows the configuration of FIG. 17a at a third instance during operation;

(22) FIG. 18 is a perspective view of another embodiment of a media carrier;

(23) FIG. 19 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 19-19 of FIG. 18;

(24) FIG. 20 is an exploded perspective view of yet another embodiment of a vaporizer;

(25) FIG. 21 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a media carrier employed in the vaporizer embodiment depicted in FIG. 20; and

(26) FIG. 22 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 22-22 of FIG. 20.

DESCRIPTION

(27) With initial reference to FIGS. 1 and 2, an embodiment of a personal vaporizer 30 is selectively attachable to a battery module 32. Applicant's U.S. Pat. No. 10,188,145 (the '145 patent) describes embodiments of personal vaporizers, attributes of personal vaporizers, and structure that is relevant to the embodiments disclosed herein. The '145 patent also discusses interaction of vaporizer embodiments with batteries. The entirety of the '145 patent is hereby incorporated by reference herein.

(28) The battery module 32 preferably comprises a rechargeable battery pack actuable via a button 34 that communicates inputs to an electronic controller enclosed within the module case. The controller can include electronic circuitry configured to detect button inputs and interpret such inputs so as to control how and when electric current is delivered by the battery module 32.

(29) The vaporizer 30 preferably comprises an upper, or proximal, end 36 and a lower, or distal, end 38. An atomizer module 40 extends proximally from the lower end 38. A battery mount 42 at the distal end 38 of the atomizer module 40 preferably is configured to engage a proximal mount boss of the battery module 32. A mouthpiece module 44 is detachably attached to the atomizer module 40 and extends proximally therefrom to the proximal end 36 of the vaporizer 30.

(30) With additional reference to FIGS. 3-7, the atomizer module 40 preferably comprises a bowl 50 enclosed within an atomizer case 52. The bowl 50 preferably is defined by a side wall 54 and a bottom wall 56, and is open at the top, or proximal, end. The bowl side wall 54 and bottom wall 56 preferably define a bowl space 58 therewithin. An air guide 60 extends through an aperture formed through the bottom wall 56. In the illustrated embodiment, the air guide 60 is formed separately from the bowl 50 and includes an elongated tubular portion 62 and an insert flange 64. The elongated air guide tubular portion 62 defines an air pathway through which intake air A can flow. As shown, the air guide 60 can be inserted through the aperture in the bottom wall 56 of the bowl 50 until the insert flange 64 engages the bottom wall 56, preventing further proximal advancement of the air guide 60.

(31) In the illustrated embodiment, a check valve 70 is disposed distal of the air guide 60. The illustrated check valve 70 preferably resembles and operates in a manner similar to embodiments discussed in Applicant's US 2016/0183596 (the '596 publication), which also describes additional structure relevant to personal vaporizers, and which is also incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. The illustrated check valve 70 comprises an electrically conductive body comprising a connector pin 74 that extends distally of a base pin 76 defined at a distal end of the atomizer case 52. The atomizer case 52 preferably also is electrically conductive, and an insulating sleeve 78 preferably electrically insulates the atomizer case 52 from the conductive check valve 70. Preferably, the connector pin 74 and base pin 76 are configured so that when the vaporizer 30 is attached to the battery module mount boss, the connector pin 74 and base pin 76 engage opposite poles of the battery module 32.

(32) As noted above, the bowl side wall 54 and bottom wall 56 preferably define the bowl space 58 therewithin. In the illustrated embodiment, a heating element 80 is arranged in the bowl space 58. The illustrated heating element 80 is formed with an inverted cup shape defined by a tubular side wall 82, a top wall 84, and an open distal end. An air warming space 86 is defined within the heating element 80, and the air guide 60 extends into and opens into the air warming space 86.

(33) The illustrated heating element 80 is made of a ceramic and/or other heat-conductive material into which a heating wire is embedded, preferably in a coiled configuration. In a preferred embodiment, the heating wire comprises a resistance wire that is configured to generate substantial heat when electric current flows therethrough. A first wire end 93 and a second wire end 95 extend from distal ends of the side wall. When an electric current is applied between the first and second wire ends 93, 95, the heating element 80 is actuated. In some embodiments, the heating coil is embedded only within the side wall 82 so that the highest heat intensity is applied at the side wall 82. In some embodiments a portion of the heating wire may be embedded within the top wall 84, but at a much lower density than in the side wall 82 so that the maximum temperature of the heating element 80 is located along the side wall 82 and the top wall 84 generally is not as hot as the side wall 82.

(34) As best shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, a plurality of blocks 90 extend upwardly from the bottom wall 56 of the bowl 50. Spaces 92 are provided between adjacent blocks 90. Two of the blocks 90 include a wire slot 94, 96 configured to accommodate one of the first and second wire ends. Thus, as shown in FIG. 4, the first wire end 93 extends through the corresponding wire slot 94 and through the bottom wall 56 and into contact with the conductive check valve so as to be electrically in communication with a first pole of the battery module, and the second wire end 95 extends through the corresponding wire slot 96 and through the bottom wall 56 of the bowl 50 and is bent so as to be placed into engagement with the conductive atomizer case 52, and thus be in electrical communication with a second pole of the battery module 32.

(35) The distal surface of the heating element 80 rests upon the blocks 90. As such, the spaces 92 between blocks 90 define a pathway for air A within the air warming space 86 to pass between the side wall 82 distal surface and the bottom surface 56 of the bowl 50. Environmental air A can be drawn through the check valve 70 and flow proximally through the bowl bottom wall aperture and elongated air guide 60 into the air warming space 86, in which it is warmed and redirected 180° so as to flow distally between the heating element side wall 82 and the air guide 60 towards the bottom wall 56 of the bowl 50, and further through the spaces 92 between blocks 90 into a vaporization space 100 defined between the side wall 82 of the heating element 80 and the side wall of the bowl 50.

(36) The illustrated mouthpiece module 44 comprises an elongated mouthpiece body 104 through which a longitudinally-extending mouthpiece passage 106 is formed. A vapor outlet 108 opens at the proximal end of the mouthpiece body 104. A mouthpiece connector 110 is disposed in a distal portion of the mouthpiece body 104 and terminates at a media connector 112 which, in the illustrated embodiment, is a threaded connector. A plurality of redirect passages 114 immediately proximal of the media connector 112 and distal of the mouthpiece connector 110 extend in directions transverse to the mouthpiece passage. The redirect passages 114 communicate with the mouthpiece passage 106.

(37) A media carrier 120 is releasably attachable to the media connector. In the illustrated embodiment, the media carrier 120 comprises a threaded proximal connector adapter 122 to be threaded onto the media connector 112. Distal of the proximal connector adapter 122, the illustrated media carrier 120 has a tapered tab shape and terminates at a tip 124.

(38) A mouthpiece receiver 126 is disposed within the atomizer case 52 proximal of the bowl 50. The mouthpiece connector 110 is sized to fit complementarity within the mouthpiece receiver 126 and comprises a pair of O-rings 128. As such, the mouthpiece connector 110 can be advanced into the mouthpiece receiver 126 so that the O-rings 128 sealingly engage the inner surface of the mouthpiece receiver 110 and hold the mouthpiece module 44 securely, though releasably, in place connected to the atomizer module 40 so that the mouthpiece passage 106 communicates with the bowl space 58 via the redirect passages 114. Also, when the mouthpiece module 44 is attached to the atomizer module 40, the media carrier 120 extends into the bowl space 58 so that the tip 124 of the media carrier 120 is immediately proximal of the top wall 84 of the heating element 80. A fluid pathway is thus established from air inlets of the check valve 70 through the air warming space 86 to the vaporization space 100 and further through the bowl space 58 past the media carrier 120 to and through the redirect passages 114 into the mouthpiece passage 106 and out the vapor outlet 108.

(39) With reference next to FIGS. 8-13, another embodiment of a vaporizer 30 shares many similarities with the embodiment just described. However, an adapter module 130 is disposed between the atomizer module 40 and the mouthpiece module 44. The modules are detachably connectable one to another. In the illustrated embodiment, the adapter module 130 threadingly attaches to the proximal end of the atomizer module 40 and comprises the mouthpiece receiver 126 configured to receive the mouthpiece module 44 in a secure yet detachable configuration.

(40) The atomizer module 40 comprises an atomizer case 52 enclosing a bowl 50, such as a heat-tolerant ceramic bowl 50 in which a surface of the bottom wall 56 and a surface of the side wall 54 define a bowl space 58. In the illustrated embodiment, an elongated tubular air guide 60 is integrally formed as part of the bowl 50 and defines an air pathway through the bottom wall aperture. The tubular air guide 60 comprises a plurality of spaced-apart slots 61 extending distally from its proximal end. Preferably, a plurality of spaced apart blocks 90 are configured to support an inverted cup-shaped heat element in the manner as discussed above.

(41) With additional reference to FIGS. 14a-c, when the mouthpiece module 44 is removed from the atomizer module 40, a user can use the tab-shaped media carrier 120 to scoop up a portion of vaporizing medium M from the source of such media. This embodiment is particularly relevant to semi-solid media M such as waxes. Upon connecting the mouthpiece module 44 to the atomizer module 40, the portion of wax media M is deposited onto the top surface of the top wall 84 of the heating element 80, as depicted in FIG. 14a.

(42) In accordance with one embodiment, once the vaporizer 30 is loaded with wax media M as depicted in FIG. 14a, the user can press the button 34 on the battery module 32 to signal the battery to supply electric current to the heating element 80. Preferably, the current causes the heating element 80 to heat up sufficient to warm, but not atomize, the media M. As such, and as shown in FIG. 14b, the media M will melt, becoming less viscous, and flow off of the top surface of the top wall 84 and into the vaporization space 100. Most preferably, the user holds the vaporizer 30 in an upright position during the warming phase.

(43) With referenced next to FIG. 14c, after the media has been warmed and has fully or partially flowed into the vaporization space 100, the user can again press the button 34, and the controller will direct sufficient current to the heating element 80 to atomize media M within the vaporization space 100 adjacent the side wall 82. The top wall 84 of the heating element 80 is also warmed, but preferably is not as hot as the side wall 82, so that media remaining on the top wall 84 continues to be melted so as to flow into the vaporization space 100. While the media M in the vaporization space 100 is being atomized, the user also draws a breath through the mouthpiece. As such, environmental air A is drawn through air inlets into and through the check valve 70 and air guide 60 into the air warming space 86.

(44) In preferred embodiments, the heating element 80 emits heat not only from the outer surfaces of the side wall 82 and top wall 84 but also from the inner surfaces of such walls. Thus, air A is heated as it flows through the air warming space 86. Also, as depicted in the illustrated embodiment, the air flow path changes direction 180° within the air warming space 86, inducing a turbulent air flow enhancing distribution of air A within the air warming space 86 and increasing uniformity of warming. The warmed, turbulent air flows through the spaces 92 into the vaporization space 100 where it proceeds through atomized media M. Preferably, the airflow remains turbulent. Atomized media M becomes entrained in the air A so as to form a vapor V. The vapor makes its way upwardly through the bowl space 58, past the media carrier 120, to and through the redirect passages 114 and into the mouthpiece passage 106, from which it exits through the vapor outlet 108 and into the user's mouth.

(45) With reference next to FIGS. 15 and 16, another embodiment of a media carrier 120 comprises a wax container 140 made up of a proximal zone 142 having a threaded proximal connector 144 and a container portion 146 comprising a tubular wall 148 defining a container space 150. Preferably, a distal end of the container space 150 is open. In a preferred embodiment, the container space 150 can be substantially filled with a wax media M. In some embodiments, the container space 150 is preloaded—filled at a location remote from where the user plans to use the media M. In some embodiments, a film 152 can be applied across the open distal end of the container space 150. A film 154 can also be applied across an aperture that may be formed in the proximal connector or, in some embodiments, a distal portion of the threaded proximal connector 144 can include a transverse wall so that there is no such aperture. As such, a preloaded wax container 140 can be provided which is remotely pre-filled with media M and sealed from the environment by the film layer(s). In some embodiments, the distal film layer 152 is configured with a tab so that a user can peel the film layer(s) off before using the filled wax container. In another embodiment, the distal film can be made of a membrane material that is configured to readily melt upon application of warming heat. Preloaded containers 140 enclosed with a film layer 152 can also be advantageously used with other types of vaporization media, such as ground herbs and low-viscosity fluids such as oils or e-liquids.

(46) In some embodiments, a wax container 140 as in FIGS. 15 and 16 can be provided empty. A user attaches the container's proximal connector 144 to the media connector 112 of the vaporizer 30 mouthpiece. The user can then scoop vaporizing media M from a source of media using the open distal end of the container portion 146. In some such embodiments, the proximal portion 142 can include one or more air passages 156 so that a user can advance the container portion 146 directly into a source of media M, and air within the container space 150 can evacuate through the air passage 156 as media fills the container space 150.

(47) With additional reference next to FIGS. 17a-c, a filled wax container 140 is attached to the mouthpiece module 44, which is then reattached to the rest of the vaporizer 30. The mouthpiece module 44 is then attached to the atomizer module 40 so that the distal end of the container portion 146 is disposed immediately adjacent a top surface 84 of the heating element 80. Upon application of heat by the heating element 80, the film 152 (if present) will readily melt, media M will also melt and will exit the container space 150 and flow across the top wall 84 downwardly into the vaporization space 100. In some embodiments, and as indicated in FIG. 17b, melted media can flow downwardly into contact with the bottom wall 56 of the bowl 50 and a portion can further flow through the spaces 92 adjacent the heating element distal end and proximally so that portions of media M are disposed on both sides of the heating element side wall 82. Upon application of atomizing heat and drawing of a breath by the user, air A is heated and drawn through atomized media M to form a vapor V. It is to be understood that spaces on both sides of the heating element side wall 82 can be considered vaporization spaces 100.

(48) FIGS. 17a-c depict a heating element 80 embodiment in which a top surface of the heating element top wall 84 is rounded so as to be tapered downwardly from a center, or axial, part of the top surface. Thus, melted media M is more readily directed off of the top wall 84 and into the vaporization space 100. It is to be understood that various configurations of heating elements can be provided and configured to preferentially direct flow of melted media. In the illustrated embodiment, intake air is delivered along the axis of the vaporizer 30, and the vaporization space 100 is defined concentrically surrounding the heating element 80. Additional embodiments may employ different configurations, such as the top surface of the heating element extending to the side wall 54 of the bowl 50 along a portion of its circumference and the air warming space 86 being disposed generally on the same side. Preferably, air from the air warming space 86 is directed to the opposite side of the bowl 50 so that the vaporization space 100 is also defined along only a part of the circumference of the bowl 50. Further, the heating element can be shaped so as to direct melted media M toward the side-arranged vaporization space 100. In additional embodiments the top wall can be configured with a spike-shaped member configured to puncture the film layer when the media carrier 120 is advanced into position with the mouthpiece module 44.

(49) With reference next to FIGS. 18 and 19, another embodiment of a media carrier 120 comprises a barrel scoop 160 having a proximal portion 162 with a proximal connector 164 adapted to be threadingly attached to the mouthpiece's media connector 112. A tubular side wall 166 extends distally from the proximal portion 162 and terminates in a bottom wall 168. A container space 170 is defined within the tubular side wall 166. A portion of the side wall is removed, defining a scoop opening 172. A plurality of apertures 174 are formed through the bottom wall 168, and guide structures 176 are configured to direct melted media M that may be within the container space 170 toward the apertures. In this embodiment, when the barrel scoop 160 is attached to the mouthpiece module 44, the user may scoop media M using the opening 172, thus loading the container space 170. After the mouthpiece module 44 is attached to the vaporizer 30 and heat is applied so as to melt the media M, the media will flow through the apertures 174 to the top wall 84 of the heating element 80 and further to the vaporization space 100.

(50) With reference next to FIGS. 20-22 still another embodiment of a vaporizer 30 is illustrated in which, as depicted in FIG. 22, intake air A can flow through a bottom wall aperture 59 to enter the air warming space 86. However, the aperture 59 does not, in this embodiment, comprise an elongated tubular air guide 60. Also, and as depicted in this embodiment, the media carrier 120 comprises a proximal connector 180 configured to attach to the media connector 112 of the mouthpiece module 44. A side support 182 extends distally from a portion of the proximal connector radially spaced from an axis of the atomizer module 40. A pair of scooper tongs 184 extend transversely from a distal end of the side support 182. The illustrated scooper tongs 184 have an arcuate shape generally corresponding to the circumferential cross-sectional shape of the bowl 50 but extending along only a portion of the circumference of the bowl 50. In the illustrated embodiment, the scooper tongs 184 extend transversely about halfway across the bowl 50. In use, a user scoops wax media M from a source of such media using the scooper tongs 184 so that the media is supported on the tongs 184. The mouthpiece module 44 is then inserted into the atomizer module 40. Due to the spacing of the scooper tongs 184, media M supported by the scooper tongs 184 is placed generally centrally above the top wall 84 of the heating element 80 within the vaporizer 30.

(51) In the embodiments discussed above, intake air enters the vaporizer 30 distal of the vaporization space 100. It is to be understood that, in additional embodiments, other configurations can be employed so that, for example, intake air enters the vaporizer 30 proximal of the vaporization space 100.

(52) The controller actuated by the button can employ a plurality of different methods and modes for directing electric current to the heating element 80. For example, in some embodiments, a first button push will supply only heat to warm, not atomize, the media, and a second button push supplies increased heat that is sufficient to atomize media within the vaporization space 100. In some embodiments, warming is accomplished only when the first button is being held down; in others, a single push triggers warming for a predetermined time and/or until a sensor within the vaporization space 100 has detected a preselected temperature for a predetermined time. In still other embodiments, a single button push triggers warming, and a double-push triggers atomization heat. Further, in some embodiments, a user can use the button and/or a remote computing device to access the controller and select aspects such as operation modes and selected temperatures.

(53) Although inventive subject matter has been disclosed in the context of certain preferred or illustrated embodiments and examples, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the inventive subject matter extends beyond the specifically disclosed embodiments to other alternative embodiments and/or uses of the invention and obvious modifications and equivalents thereof. In addition, while a number of variations of the disclosed embodiments have been shown and described in detail, other modifications, which are within the scope of the inventive subject matter, will be readily apparent to those of skill in the art based upon this disclosure. It is also contemplated that various combinations or subcombinations of the specific features and aspects of the disclosed embodiments may be made and still fall within the scope of the inventive subject matter. Accordingly, it should be understood that various features and aspects of the disclosed embodiments can be combined with or substituted for one another in order to form varying modes of the disclosed inventive subject matter. Thus, it is intended that the scope of the inventive subject matter herein disclosed should not be limited by the particular disclosed embodiments described above, but should be determined only by a fair reading of the claims that follow.