CHAMBER BOTTOM FOR A PLASMA THRUSTER

Abstract

Chamber bottom for a plasma thruster making it possible to combine several functions in a single piece and, in particular, to fasten certain insulating parts of the plasma thruster, the chamber bottom having, in a single piece, a chamber bottom surface for closing an annular chamber formed by the chamber bottom and at least one insulating part attached to the chamber bottom, and at least a first set of tabs including fastening tabs for fastening the at least one insulating part to the chamber bottom.

Claims

1. A chamber bottom for a plasma thruster, comprising, in a single piece, a chamber bottom surface for closing an annular chamber formed by the chamber bottom and delimited by at least one insulating part attached to the chamber bottom, and at least a first set of tabs comprising fastening tabs for fastening said at least one insulating part to the chamber bottom.

2. The chamber bottom according to claim 1, made of a metallic material.

3. The chamber bottom according to claim 1, produced by additive manufacturing.

4. The chamber bottom according to claim 1, wherein the chamber bottom surface has in section a generally U-shaped profile, having at least one point of inflection.

5. The chamber bottom according to claim 1, comprising a first inner set of tabs, comprising fastening tabs for fastening a first insulating part to the chamber bottom, and a second outer set of tabs, comprising fastening tabs for fastening a second insulating part to the chamber bottom.

6. The chamber bottom according to claim 1, wherein at least one set of tabs comprises dummy tabs configured so as not to cooperate with said at least one insulating part.

7. The chamber bottom according to claim 1, further comprising at least one distribution cavity communicating with the chamber via injection orifices opening onto the chamber bottom surface.

8. The chamber bottom according to claim 7, comprising a first distribution cavity communicating with a second distribution cavity via a first series of injection orifices, the second distribution cavity communicating with the chamber via a second series of injection orifices.

9. A plasma thruster, comprising a chamber bottom according to claim 1, and at least one insulating part fastened to the chamber bottom using at least the first set of tabs.

10. The plasma thruster according to claim 9, comprising a first radially inner insulating part forming a radially inner wall of the chamber, and a second radially outer insulating part forming a radially outer wall of the chamber.

11. The chamber bottom according to claim 1, wherein the chamber bottom surface has in section a generally U-shaped profile, having at least two points of inflection.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0054] The appended drawings are schematic and are intended above all to illustrate the principles of the disclosure.

[0055] In these drawings, from one figure to another, identical elements (or portions of elements) are identified by the same reference signs. Furthermore, elements (or portions of elements) belonging to different exemplary embodiments but having a similar function are identified in the figures by numerical references incremented by 100, 200, etc.

[0056] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a first example of a chamber bottom.

[0057] FIG. 2 is a perspective and sectional view of the first example.

[0058] FIG. 3 is a sectional view of the first example according to another sectional plane.

[0059] FIG. 4 is a sectional view of the chamber bottom equipped with insulating parts.

[0060] FIG. 5 is a sectional view illustrating the manufacture of the first example.

[0061] FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a second example of a chamber bottom.

[0062] FIG. 7 is a sectional view of a third example of a chamber bottom.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

[0063] In order to make the description more concrete, examples of chamber bottoms are described in detail below, with reference to the appended drawings. It is recalled that the invention is not limited to these examples.

[0064] FIG. 1 represents a first example of a chamber bottom 1 for a plasma thruster. This same chamber bottom 1 is shown in axial section, along two different section planes, in FIGS. 2 and 3. This chamber bottom 1 is circular, of main axis A, forming a central passage 2. Most of its features are axisymmetric relative to this main axis A.

[0065] The chamber bottom 1 comprises a chamber bottom surface 10 which is invariant by rotation about the axis A and having in axial section a profile having a general U-shape within the meaning of the present disclosure. The chamber bottom surface 10, opening upwards on the upper face 3 of the chamber bottom 1, thus forms a chamber bottom cavity 11 which is open on the upper face 3.

[0066] The surface profile of the chamber bottom 10 is irregular: its outer, descending portion, includes a convex segment 10a followed by a concave segment 10b while its inner, rising portion is more regular, however with a change of slope 10c. The chamber bottom cavity 11 thus has a first funnel-shaped upper portion 11a, and a second lower portion 11b, forming a fold.

[0067] The chamber bottom 1 also comprises an injector 20 including here a first distribution cavity 21 and a second distribution cavity 22. An injection funnel 23 extends from the lower face 4 of the chamber bottom 1: it is provided with a central injection channel 23a making it possible to introduce a propellant gas into the first distribution cavity 21. The first distribution cavity 21 is connected to the second distribution cavity 22 using a plurality of first injection orifices 24 distributed in a regular manner along the circumference of the first distribution cavity 21. The second distribution cavity 22 is in turn connected to the bottom cavity of the chamber 11 by means of a plurality of second injection orifices 25 distributed evenly along the circumference of the second distribution cavity 22. The second injection orifices 25 open into the folded portion 11b of the chamber bottom cavity 11.

[0068] In the present example, the chamber bottom 1 comprises 10 first injection orifices 24 and 30 second injection orifices 25; the diameter of the injection orifices 24, 25 is equal to 1 mm.

[0069] The chamber bottom 1 also comprises a first set of tabs 30 and a second set of tabs 40.

[0070] The first set of tabs 30 comprises a plurality of first fastening tabs 31 disposed in a ring uniformly along the inner circumference of the chamber bottom 1. Each fastening tab 31 extends rectilinearly upwards from a circular base 32 protruding within the passage 2, at a level closer to the lower face 4 than to the upper face 3. Each fastening tab 31 thus extends within the passage 2, along the inner surface 5 of the chamber bottom 1, before protruding on the upper face 3.

[0071] The end of each fastening tab 31 is provided with a protrusion 33 directed radially outwards. Each tab 31 is connected to its neighbors by arches 34 whose apex angle a is less than 60°, in this case equal to 40°.

[0072] In the present example, each tab 31 has a length 11 of 29 mm measured from the base 32 and a length 12 of 24 mm measured from the start of the arches 34; each tab 31 has a width m of 16.5 mm and a thickness n of 1 mm.

[0073] In the present example, the first set of tabs 30 comprises 6 fastening tabs 31.

[0074] The second set of tabs 40 comprises a plurality of second fastening tabs 41 disposed in a ring uniformly along the outer circumference of the chamber bottom 1. Each fastening tab 41 extends rectilinearly upwards from a circular base 42 protruding from the outer surface 6 of the chamber bottom 1, at a level closer to the lower face 4 than to the upper face 3, in this case at the same level as the base 32 of the first set of tabs 30. Each fastening tab 41 thus extends along the outer surface 6 of the chamber bottom 1, before protruding on the upper face 3.

[0075] The end of each fastening tab 41 is provided with a protrusion 43 directed radially inward. Each tab 41 is connected to its neighbors by arches 44.

[0076] In the present example, each tab 41 has a geometry similar to that of the tabs 31 of the first set of tabs 30 with, in particular, identical lengths, widths and thicknesses.

[0077] In the present example, the second set of tabs 40 comprises 6 fastening tabs 41.

[0078] Moreover, the chamber bottom 1 also comprises fastening lugs 51 extending axially from the lower face 4; it also comprises an inner shoulder 52, rotationally symmetrical, provided on the inner edge between the lower face 4 and the inner surface 5, and an outer shoulder 53, rotationally symmetrical, provided on the outer edge between the lower face 4 and the outer surface 6.

[0079] The assembly of the chamber bottom 1 with the insulating parts 60 will now be described with reference to FIG. 4.

[0080] These insulating parts 60, made of ceramic material, comprise a first inner insulating ring 61, and a second outer insulating ring 62. These two insulating rings 61, 62 are invariant by rotation about the axis A.

[0081] The inner insulating ring 61 has an outer surface 61a, which is smooth and rectilinear in the axial direction, and an inner surface 61b provided with a circular groove 61c. The outer insulating ring 62 has, in turn, an inner surface 62a, which is smooth and rectilinear in the axial direction, and an outer surface 62b provided with a circular groove 62c.

[0082] The inner insulating ring 61 is attached to the chamber bottom 1 by engaging its inner surface 61b around the tabs 31 of the first set of tabs 30, the latter then deforming elastically inward, and by pushing the ring 61 up to the stop against the upper face 3 of the chamber bottom 1: the protrusions 33 of the fastening tabs 31 then engage in the groove 61c of the inner ring 61 and block the position of the inner ring 61 by elastic release of the tabs 31.

[0083] Similarly, the outer insulating ring 62 is attached to the chamber bottom 1 by engaging its outer surface 62b around the tabs 41 of the first set of tabs 30, the latter then deforming elastically outwardly, and by pushing the ring 62 up to the stop against the upper face 3 of the chamber bottom 1: the protrusions 43 of the fastening tabs 41 then engage in the groove 62c of the outer ring 62 and block the position of the outer ring 62 by elastic release of the tabs 31.

[0084] Thus, once mounted, the insulating rings 61, 62 and the chamber bottom 1 define a discharge chamber 63, rotationally symmetrical, delimited by the outer wall 61a of the inner ring 61, the inner wall 62a of the outer ring 62 and the chamber bottom surface 10 of the chamber bottom 1.

[0085] The manufacture of the chamber bottom 1 will now be described with reference to FIG. 5.

[0086] The chamber bottom 1 is made of metal by additive manufacturing. In accordance with the general principles of additive manufacturing techniques, the chamber bottom 1 is manufactured layer by layer by partial melting of a metal powder using a high energy beam, such as a laser or an electron beam. Manufacturing takes place in the direction of the main axis A from a manufacturing plate P; the chamber bottom is manufactured from its upper face 3 towards its lower face 4. In the present example, the chamber bottom is made of a nickel-based alloy, for example Inconel 718.

[0087] In order to facilitate the manufacture of the chamber bottom 1 by additive manufacturing, sacrificial part portions and/or additional elements such as supports can be added to the target geometry of the final part. In particular, in the present case, the inner 12′ and outer 13′ walls of the chamber bottom cavity 11′ of the blank 1′ extend to the distal end of the tabs 31 and 41 in order to be manufactured directly from the production plate P. Additional dummy tabs can also be added, in particular within the second set of tabs 40 in order to reduce the range of the arches 44, thus limiting the angle formed by the latter.

[0088] Furthermore, a cylindrical inner shell 71 is manufactured just along the inner tabs 31, without contact, in order to support the latter during manufacture. Such a technique is described in patent application FR 10 55281 of the applicant. Likewise, a cylindrical outer shell 72 is manufactured just along the outer tabs 41, without contact, in order to support the latter during manufacture. The inner 71 and/or outer 72 shells can be sectored to facilitate their removal after manufacture.

[0089] Dust removal holes 73 may also be provided in some sacrificial part portions and/or in the shells 71, 72 in order to allow the discharge of the non-solidified powder from the cavities formed during manufacture.

[0090] Once the blank 1′ is obtained and dedusted, the shells 71, 72 are removed and the blank 1′ is positioned on a machining tool using its shoulders 52 and 53 in order to remove the sacrificial portions, in particular the dummy tabs 45, which results in the final chamber bottom 1.

[0091] FIG. 6 illustrates a second embodiment of a chamber bottom 101 in which the dummy tabs 145 were not machined. It will be noted on this occasion that the dummy tabs 145 do not have a protrusion at their end and therefore do not interact with the insulating ring.

[0092] FIG. 7 illustrates a third exemplary embodiment of a chamber bottom 201 in which the injector 210 only comprises a single distribution cavity 211. In such a case, the first distribution cavity 211 is supplied by the injection channel 223a of the injection funnel 223 and directly connected to the chamber bottom cavity 211 by injection orifices 225.

[0093] Although the present invention was described with reference to specific embodiments, it is obvious that modifications and changes can be made to these examples without departing from the general scope of the invention as defined by the claims. In particular, individual features of the different illustrated/mentioned embodiments can be combined in additional embodiments. Consequently, the description and the drawings should be taken in an illustrative rather than a restrictive sense.

[0094] It is also obvious that all the features described with reference to a method can be transposed, alone or in combination, to a device, and conversely, all the features described with reference to a device can be transposed, alone or in combination, to a method.