CHONDROITIN SULFATE POLYSACCHARIDE, AND SEMI-SYNTHETIC PREPARATION METHOD THEREFOR AND USE THEREOF

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of medicine, in particular to a chondroitin sulfate polysaccharide, and a semi-synthetic preparation method therefor and the use thereof. A metal salt of the chondroitin sulfate polysaccharide provided by the present invention has an anti-inflammatory effect, and can be used for preparing a drug against inflammatory diseases. In particular, the metal salt of the chondroitin sulfate polysaccharide provided by the present invention has anti-inflammatory and bone-protecting effects, and can be used for preparing a drug against rheumatoid arthritis and for preparing a drug against osteoarthritis. The present invention provides a method for preparing the metal salt of the chondroitin sulfate polysaccharide, and the metal salt of the chondroitin sulfate polysaccharide with different degrees of sulfation can be obtained by semi-synthetic means in the present invention. The method is simple to operate and suitable for large-scale production.

Claims

1. A metal salt of chondroitin sulfate glycan as represented by formula (I): ##STR00003## which is electrically neutral, and comprises a chondroitin sulfate glycan anion and a metal cation; wherein the chondroitin sulfate glycan anion has an average molecular weight in a range of from 1,000 Da to 15,000 Da; the chondroitin sulfate glycan anion has a molor ratio of —SO.sub.3.sup.− to —COO.sup.− in a range of from 1.46 to 2.73; and n for the chondroitin sulfate glycan anion is within a range of 2≤n≤45.

2. The metal salt of chondroitin sulfate glycan according to claim 1, wherein the chondroitin sulfate glycan anion has an average molecular weight in a range of from 4,000 Da to 15,000 Da; and the chondroitin sulfate glycan anion has a molor ratio of —SO.sub.3.sup.− to —COO.sup.− in a range of from 1.9 to 2.5.

3. The metal salt of chondroitin sulfate glycan according to claim 1, wherein the metal cation comprises a sodium ion and/or a calcium ion and/or a potassium ion.

4. A method for preparation of the metal salt of chondroitin sulfate glycan according to claim 1, comprising steps of: mixing a raw material of chondroitin sulfate glycan, a sulfating reagent, and an organic solvent for sulfation to provide a sulfation product system; and subjecting the sulfation product system successively to a first precipitating treatment, salification treatment, dialysis, a second precipitating treatment, and gel column purification to provide the metal salt of chondroitin sulfate glycan, wherein a salifying reagent used in the salification treatment is an aqueous metal hydroxide solution.

5. The method for preparation according to claim 4, wherein the raw material of chondroitin sulfate glycan comprises a chondroitin sulfate glycan A and a chondroitin sulfate glycan C; wherein the chondroitin sulfate glycan A has a content in range of from 70% to 90% by weight, and the chondroitin sulfate glycan C has a content in a range of from 10% to 30% by weight; the raw material of chondroitin sulfate glycan has an average molecular weight in a range of of from 20,000 Da to 23,000 Da; and the raw material of chondroitin sulfate glycan has a molor ratio of —SO.sub.3.sup.− to —COO.sup.− in a range of from 0.9 to 1.1.

6. The method for preparation according to claim 4, wherein the sulfating reagent comprises one or more selected from the group consisting of sulfur trioxide trimethylamine complex, sulfur trioxide pyridine complex, and sulfur trioxide triethylamine complex; and an equivalent ratio of the sulfating reagent to the repeating disaccharide units in the raw material of chondroitin sulfate glycan is in a range of (1-10):1.

7. The method for preparation according to claim 6, wherein the sulfation is performed at a temperature in a range of from 40° C. to 120° C. for a period of time of from 2 h to 36 h; and an equivalent ratio of the sulfating reagent to the repeating disaccharide units in the raw material of chondroitin sulfate glycan is in a range of (3-8):1.

8. The method for preparation according to claim 4, wherein salifying reagent is an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution and/or an aqueous potassium hydroxide solution; and the salifying reagent has a concentration in a range of from 1 mol/L to 4 mol/L.

9. The method for preparation according to claim 4, wherein a first precipitating reagent used in the first precipitating treatment is an aqueous ethanol solution with a volume fraction in a range of from 90% to 95%; a second precipitating reagent used in the second precipitating treatment is ethanol; and a dialysis bag used in the dialysis has a molecular weight cut-off in a range of from 3,000 Da to 12,000 Da.

10. A pharmaceutical composition, wherein the pharmaceutical composition comprises the metal salt of chondroitin sulfate glycan according to claim 1 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient.

11. A method for treating an inflammatory disease comprising administrating a pharmaceutical composition comprising the metal salt of chondroitin sulfate glycan according to claim 1 to a subject in need thereof.

12. The use according to claim 11, wherein the inflammatory disease is ulcerative colitis, osteoarthritis, or rheumatoid arthritis.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0055] FIG. 1 is a high performance liquid chromatogram of Glycan 1 prepared in Example 1;

[0056] FIG. 2 is a high performance liquid chromatogram of Glycan 2 prepared in Example 2;

[0057] FIG. 3 is a high performance liquid chromatogram of Glycan 3 prepared in Example 3;

[0058] FIG. 4 is a high performance liquid chromatogram of Glycan 4 prepared in Example 4;

[0059] FIG. 5 is a comparison diagram of change in body weight of UC mice in different groups in Experimental Example 3. Note: .sup.##p<0.01 vs. Con; and *p<0.05 vs. Mod;

[0060] FIG. 6 is a comparison diagram of colon lengths of UC mice in different groups in Experimental Example 3. Note: .sup.##p<0.01 vs. Con; and *p<0.05 vs. Mod;

[0061] FIG. 7 is a comparison diagram of disease activity index (DAI) scores of mice in different groups in Experimental Example 3. Note: .sup.##p<0.01 vs. Con; and **p<0.01, *p<0.05 vs. Mod;

[0062] FIG. 8 shows magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images of the knee joints of rats in different groups in Experimental Example 5. Note: In FIG. 8, the CON group shows a normal joint space, an intact and undamaged articular cartilage surface, a normal subchondral bone, a normal cartilage thickness, an appropriate amount of subpatellar fat, a synovial membrane, and a little synovial fluid; the MOD group shows a narrowed joint space, a damaged or even lost articular cartilage surface, an incomplete outer cartilage edge, an unclear cartilage shape, and a decreased cartilage thickness; and the 5H group shows a clear joint shape, a restored joint space, and a little synovial fluid.

[0063] FIG. 9 shows computed tomography (CT) images of the knee joints of rats in different groups in Experimental Example 5. Note: In FIG. 9, the CON group shows the shape of the knee joints of normal rats; the MOD model group shows the bone destruction and severe erosion in the subchondral bone of the knee joints, the formation of obvious cavities at the joints, and the deformation of bone joints; the POS positive drug and 5L groups show less bone destruction and erosion than the model group; and the 5M and 5H groups show significantly improved bone destruction and erosion as compared with the model group.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Example 1

[0064] (1) 26.8 g of commercially available glycan chondroitin sulfate A (Yantai Dongcheng pharmaceutical group Co., Ltd., NO. CSJ1170701) was dissolved in 360 mL of dimethyl sulfoxide. Then, 24 g of sulfur trioxide trimethylamine complex (3 eq.) was added. The resulting mixture was reacted at 50° C. under stirring for 6 h.

[0065] (2) The resulting reaction system was cooled to room temperature. Then, 400 mL of an aqueous ethanol solution with a volume fraction of 95% was added. The resulting mixture was stirred for 30 min, and then filtered. The resulting filter cake was dissolved with water (the ratio of the amount of water to the amount of the filter cake was 1 mL:1 g). The pH value was adjusted to 7.0 with a 2 mol/L aqueous NaOH solution. The resulting solution was put into a dialysis bag (with a molecular weight cut-off of 12,000 Da) for a dialysis of 2 d. Then, the resulting dialysate was subjected to rotary evaporation to provide a solid.

[0066] (3) The obtained solid was dissolved in an aqueous NaOAc solution at a concentration of 2% by mass. Then, absolute ethanol was added. The resulting mixture was subjected to sufficient precipitation and then centrifuged to give a crude product; wherein the ratio between the amount of the solid, the amount of aqueous NaOAc solution, and the amount of absolute ethanol was 1 g: 10 mL:40 mL.

[0067] (4) The obtained crude product was subjected to step (2) and step (3) once again. Then, the resulting product was purified on a G25 gel column (H.sub.2O was used as an eluent). Finally, the resulting eluate was lyophilized to give 21.3 g of a sodium salt of chondroitin sulfate glycan (referred to as Glycan 1).

Example 2

[0068] 4.4 g of a sodium salt of chondroitin sulfate glycan (referred to as Glycan 2) was prepared according to the steps in Example 1, except that, in step (1), 6.7 g of commercially available glycan chondroitin sulfate A was dissolved in 90 mL of dimethyl sulfoxide, then 8 g of sulfur trioxide trimethylamine complex (4 eq.) was added; and the resulting mixture was reacted at 60° C. under stirring for 24 h.

Example 3

[0069] 4.1 g of a sodium salt of chondroitin sulfate glycan (referred to as Glycan 3) was prepared according to the steps in Example 1, except that, in step (1), 6.7 g of commercially available chondroitin sulfate glycan A was dissolved in 90 mL of dimethyl sulfoxide, then 10 g of sulfur trioxide trimethylamine complex (5 eq.) was added; the resulting mixture was reacted at 60° C. under stirring for 24 h; and the dialysis bag had a molecular weight cut-off of 7,000 Da.

Example 4

[0070] 3.9 g of a sodium salt of chondroitin sulfate glycan (referred to as Glycan 4) was prepared according to the steps in Example 1, except that, in step (1), 6.7 g of commercially available chondroitin sulfate glycan A was dissolved in 90 mL of dimethyl sulfoxide, then 12 g of sulfur trioxide trimethylamine complex (6 eq.) was added, and a resulting mixture reacted at 70° C. for 20 h under stirring; and the dialysis bag had a molecular weight cut-off of 5,000 Da.

Example 5

[0071] 1.0 g of a sodium salt of chondroitin sulfate glycan (referred to as Glycan 5) was prepared according to the steps in Example 1, except that, in step (1), 1.0 g of commercially available chondroitin sulfate glycan A was dissolved in 13 mL of dimethyl sulfoxide, then 2.4 g of sulfur trioxide trimethylamine complex (8 eq.) was added; the resulting mixture was reacted at 100° C. under stirring for 36 h; and the dialysis bag had a molecular weight cut-off of 3,500 Da.

Pharmacological Experiments

Experimental Example 1

[0072] The compositions of the glycans 1 to 5 prepared in Examples 1 to 5 were analyzed, including an average molecular weight (Da), —SO.sub.3.sup.−/—COO.sup.− (a molar ratio), contents of —SO.sub.3.sup.−, alduronic acid, and hexosamine, an anticoagulation titer (IU), a content of degradable glycans, and proportions of ingredients of each subtype (the Glycans 1 to 5 prepared in Examples 1 to 5 were degraded with chondroitin sulfate ABC enzymes, and ingredients of each subtype were tested by high performance liquid chromatography, specifically referring to the proportions of chondroitin sulfate A, chondroitin sulfate C, and chondroitin sulfate E, wherein the Glycans 1 to 5 further contain a balance of chondroitin sulfate glycans of other subtypes, which were not further specified herein. The high performance liquid chromatograms of the Glycans 1 to 4 were shown in FIG. 1 to FIG. 4). The specific results were shown in Table 1.

TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Analysis results of the compositions of the Glycans 1 to 5 prepared in Examples 1 to 5 Average Degradable Alduronic Glycan —SO.sub.3.sup.− —SO.sub.3.sup.−/— molecular glycan Proportions of acid Hexosamine type content COO.sup.− weight IU content C/A/E content content Glycan 1 14.17 1.46 14414 <2.8 74.3 14.1/66.2/11.1 34.5 31.6 Glycan 2 16.43 2.11 12956 <2.8 66.3 16.3/47.4/22.4 31.4 25.9 Glycan 3 23.85 2.20 5895 <2.8 44.9 15.8/4.6/52.0 24.3 23.0 Glycan 4 26.77 2.58 4848 <2.8 26.0 16.6/0.0/44.9 20.7 22.4 Glycan 5 — 2.73 4656 <2.8 3.3 — — —

Experimental Example 2

[0073] Anti-inflammatory effects of the glycans 1 to 5 prepared in Examples 1 to 5 were evaluated, specifically as follows:

[0074] (1) Test method: experiments for evaluating pharmacodynamic activities of CS compounds in mouse ear acute swelling inflammation models caused by croton oil

[0075] Animals: Balb/c mice, male (20 g to 22 g); 8 mice per group.

[0076] Groups: model group, positive drug (indometacin) group (5 mg/kg), natural extract (CS-E) group (200 mg/kg), and glycan groups (200 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, and 50 mg/kg). Each of the positive drug and the compounds of CS series was formulated with sodium carboxymethylcellulose at a concentration of 0.5% by mass, and stored in a refrigerator at 4° C.

[0077] Administration and test: the mice were administered for 3 d, once a day. After the last administration, an induction rate on mouse ear swelling (%) and an inhibition rate on the ear swelling degree (%) by the compounds were calculated.

[0078] Statistical analysis: the experimental results were all expressed as “mean±standard deviation”. A statistical difference between two groups was calculated and analyzed by the t-test method. *represents p<0.05, and **represents p<0.01.

[0079] (2) The anti-inflammatory effects of glycans were shown in Tables 2 to 4.

TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Anti-inflammatory effects of the glycans Number of Swelling rate cases (%) Inhibition Group End/Start Mean ± SD rate (%) Model group (croton oil) 8/8 94.95 ± 18.42  0.00 Indometacin group 8/8 70.25 ± 20.97* 26.01 (5 mg/kg) Glycan 1 8/8 89.94 ± 25.35  5.33 (200 mg/kg) Glycan 3 8/8 56.13 ± 11.24* 40.92 (200 mg/kg)

TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Anti-inflammatory effects of the glycans Number of Swelling rate cases (%) Inhibition Group End/Start Mean ± SD rate (%) Model group 8/8 102.96 ± 1.25   0.00 (croton oil) Indometacin group 8/8 74.43 ± 20.97* 27.70 (5 mg/kg) Natural extract chondroitin 8/8 88.87 ± 17.49  12.87 sulfate glycan-E (200 mg/kg) Glycan 3 8/8 63.59 ± 29.51* 37.66 (200 mg/kg) Glycan 4 8/8 73.47 ± 13.92* 27.97 (200 mg/kg)

TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 Anti-inflammatory effects of the glycans Number of Swelling rate cases (%) Inhibition Group End/Start Mean ± SD rate (%) Model group (croton oil) 8/8 76.92 ± 8.07  0.00 Indometacin group 8/8 45.34 ± 6.92*  41.06 (5 mg/kg) Glycan 3 8/8 28.38 ± 5.61** 63.10 (200 mg/kg) Glycan 3 8/8 40.58 ± 11.09* 47.24 (100 mg/kg) Glycan 3 8/8 20.55 ± 6.63** 73.28 (50 mg/kg) Glycan 2 8/8 54.56 ± 11.65  29.06 (200 mg/kg) Glycan 5 8/8 47.52 ± 10.07* 38.21 (200 mg/kg)

[0080] It can be seen from Tables 2 to 4 that there was a structure-activity relationship between sulfation degree of the glycans 1 to 5 and the anti-inflammatory activity. The glycans 2 to 5 exhibited prominent anti-inflammatory effects on mouse ear swelling models, which were superior to that of naturally derived CS-E glycan. In particular, the Glycan 3 exhibited a significant anti-inflammatory effect at a concentration throughout a range of 50 mg/kg to 200 mg/kg, with a significant dose-dependent relationship.

Experimental Example 3

[0081] Pharmacodynamics of the Glycan 3 (referred to as SEMI5) prepared in Example 3 was evaluated on anti-DSS models, specifically as follows:

[0082] I. Materials and Methods

[0083] 1. Experimental Animals

[0084] C57BL/6J mice, male (18 g to 20 g), 6 mice per group, which were purchased from Beijing Huafukang Biotechnology Co., Ltd., with a license No.: SOCK (Beijing) 2014-0004.

[0085] 2. Experimental Groups

[0086] (1) Normal control group (control group): intragastrically administered with sodium carboxymethylcellulose at a concentration of 0.5% by mass.

[0087] (2) UC (Ulcerative colitis) model group (model group): intragastrically administered with sodium carboxymethylcellulose at a concentration of 0.5% by mass.

[0088] (3) SASP (a positive drug salazosulfapyridine) group: Shanghai Xinyi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (Batch No.: 036151102), 500 mg/kg, which was formulated with sodium carboxymethylcellulose at a concentration of 0.5% by mass and stored at 4° C., and intragastrically administered once a day.

[0089] (4) SEMI5-50 group: 50 mg/kg, which was formulated with distilled water and stored at 4° C., and intragastrically administered once a day.

[0090] (5) SEMI5-150 group: 150 mg/kg, which was formulated with distilled water and stored at 4° C., and intragastrically administered once a day.

[0091] 3. Experimental method After being adaptively raised for one week in an SPF animal house (experimental animal use license No.: SYXK (Beijing) 2014-0023), the C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into 5 groups according to the above protocols. Mice in the UC model group and administration groups were modeled with DSS (MP, CA9011-18-1, US) every day according to the modeling method for ulcerative colitis that had been established in the laboratory. The normal control group (control group) and UC model group (model group) were intragastrically administered with sodium carboxymethylcellulose at a concentration of 0.5% by mass once a day. The SASP group, SEMI5-50 group, and SEMI5-150 group were intragastrically administered once a day according to the experimental protocols in the section of “Experimental groups”. 7 d after modeling, typical UC pathological changes such as obvious listlessness, activity reduction, weight loss, watery stool, and hematochezia occurred in animals of the UC model group. The experiments were terminated, and animals in each group were sacrificed. Each of evaluation indexes related with colitis was detected (as shown in the subsequent section of experimental results). The anti-UC pharmacodynamic activity of each of the compounds was evaluated comprehensively.

[0092] II. Experimental Results

[0093] 1. Effect of SEMI5 at each concentration on the body weight of DSS-induced UC model mice (Table 5 and FIG. 5).

TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 5 Data of change in body weight of UC mice in different groups Number of Body weight (g) Change cases X ± SD in body Group End/Start Start End weight (%) Normal control 6/6 21.12 ± 1.33 22.25 ± 2.21 ↑5.14 group UC model group 6/6 21.97 ± 1.42 18.41 ± 1.82 ↓16.17.sup.## SASP group 6/6 21.97 ± 0.71 18.76 ± 1.09 ↓14.55 SEMI5-50 6/6 21.46 ± 0.71 19.52 ± 1.21 ↓9.09* (50 mg/kg) SEMI5-150 6/6 21.72 ± 0.88 18.68 ± 1.04 ↓13.92 (150 mg/kg) .sup.##p < 0.01 vs. Con; *p < 0.05 vs. Mod

[0094] It can be seen from Table 5 and FIG. 5 that, as compared with mice in the normal control group, the mice in the UC model group had a significantly reduced body weight with statistically significant difference, indicating the success of UC modeling. The SASP group and the SEMI5-150 group failed to effectively alleviate the body weight reduction of DSS-induced acute UC C57 BL/6J mice, while the SEMI5-50 group effectively alleviated the body weight reduction as compared with the UC model group, with statistically significant difference.

[0095] 2. Effect of SEMI5 at each concentration on colon contracture of UC mice (Table 6 and FIG. 6).

TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 6 Comparative data of colon contracture of UC mice among different groups Number of Colon cases Colon length contracture Group End/Start (cm) percentage (%) Normal control group 6/6 7.71 ± 0.59  0 UC model group 6/6  4.76 ± 0.54.sup.## 38.26.sup.## SASP group 6/6 5.29 ± 0.61  31.39 SEMI5-50 (50 mg/kg) 6/6 5.66 ± 0.68* 26.59* SEMI5-150 (150 mg/kg) 6/6 5.70 ± 0.94* 26.07* .sup.##p < 0.01 vs. Con; *p < 0.05 vs. Mod

[0096] It can be seen from Table 6 and FIG. 6 that, on the DSS-induced C57 BL/6J acute UC animal models, as compared with the normal control group, the UC model group exhibited a significantly reduced colon contracture, with statistically significant difference. The SASP group failed to effectively alleviate the colon contracture in the model animals. However, the SEMI5-50 group and the SEMI5-150 group can effectively alleviate the colon contracture as compared with the UC model group, with statistically significant difference.

[0097] 3. Effect of SEMI5 at each concentration on the disease complex index DAI scores of UC mice (Table 7 and FIG. 7).

TABLE-US-00007 TABLE 7 Comparative data of DAI and composite index inhibition rate among different groups DAI complex Number of Disease index cases activity inhibition Group End/Start index DAI rate (%) Normal control group 6/6 0.27 ± 0.14  — UC model group 6/6 3.63 ± 0.46.sup.##  0 SASP group 6/6 3.10 ± 0.59*  14.68* SEMI5-50 (50 mg/kg) 6/6 1.87 ± 0.38** 48.62** SEMI5-150 (150 mg/kg) 6/6 2.67 ± 0.62** 26.61** .sup.##p < 0.01 vs. Con; **p < 0.01, *p < 0.05 vs. Mod

[0098] It can be seen from Table 7 and FIG. 7 that, as compared with mice in the normal control group, the mice in the UC model group had a significantly increased disease complex index DAI, with statistically significant difference, indicating the success of modeling. Compared with the UC model group, the SEMI5-50 group and the SEMI5-150 group could significantly reduce the scores of disease complex index DAI of experimental animals, with statistically significant difference. The SASP group was improved to some extent, with statistically significant difference. The animals were evaluated by the DAI scores in terms of indexes such as animal body weight loss, stool property, hematochezia. The lower the DAI score was, the closer was the condition of the animal to a normal physiological status. The criteria for DAI scoring were shown in Table 8.

TABLE-US-00008 TABLE 8 DAI scoring criteria Percentage of body Hematochezia Score weight loss (%) Stool property severity 0 0   normal normal 1 1~ loose (+) Occult blood positive (+) 2 5~ loose (++) Occult blood positive (++) 3 10~  watery (+) gross hematochezia (+) 4 >15   watery (++) gross hematochezia (++) Notes: {circle around (1)} Normal stools: formed stools; {circle around (2)} loose stools: pasty and half-formed stools inadherent to anus; {circle around (3)} watery stools: water-like stools.

Experimental Example 4

[0099] The Glycan 3 (referred to as SEMI5) prepared in Example 3 was evaluated on anti-type I collagen-induced toe swelling mouse models, specifically as follows:

[0100] I. Materials and Methods

[0101] 1. Animals. DBAI mice, male (20 g to 22 g); 7 mice per group.

[0102] 2. Groups: blank control group, model group, positive drug indomethacin group (5 mg/kg), CSA group (200 mg/kg), CSE group (200 mg/kg), CS-E-semi3 group (200 mg/kg), and CS-Semi-5 group (200 mg/kg). Each of the positive drug and the compounds of CS series was formulated with 0.5% sodium carboxymethylcellulose, and stored in a refrigerator at 4° C.

[0103] 3. Administration frequency: the mice were administered for 3 d, once a day.

[0104] 4. Experimental method: according to an established method in the laboratory, after primary immunization, the body weight was measured every week for mice in each group. After the secondary shock immunization on day 21 of the experiment, the joint swelling degree was observed every week for mice in each group and the joint swelling index scoring was scored.

[0105] 5. Statistical analysis: the experimental results were all expressed as “mean±standard deviation”. A statistical difference between two groups was calculated and analyzed by the t-test method. *represents p<0.05, and **represents p<0.01.

[0106] II Experimental Results

TABLE-US-00009 TABLE 9 Effects of different drugs on the body weight of mice Number of cases End/ Group Start 3 4 5 6 7 Normal control 7/7 21.61 ± 0.42 22.26 ± 0.40.sup.  23.21 ± 0.43.sup.  22.93 ± 0.45.sup.   23.76 ± 0.54.sup.   group CIA model group 6/7 20.55 ± 0.61 19.73 ± 0.98.sup.# 20.05 ± 1.06.sup.# 19.48 ± 0.96.sup.## 19.76 ± 0.61.sup.## Positive drug 7/7 22.11 ± 0.22 20.34 ± 0.23.sup.  21.66 ± 0.48.sup.  20.47 ± 0.34.sup.   18.81 ± 0.39.sup.   group (0.25 mg/kg) CS-A (200 mg/kg) 6/7 20.98 ± 0.54 18.62 ± 1.00.sup.  19.58 ± 0.94.sup.  19.98 ± 0.86.sup.   20.90 ± 1.02.sup.   CS-E (200 mg/kg) 7/7 21.53 ± 0.26 19.23 ± 0.72.sup.  19.83 ± 0.68.sup.  20.03 ± 0.64.sup.   20.39 ± 0.29.sup.   SEMI5 (200 7/7 22.90 ± 0.46 22.40 ± 0.55* .sup. 23.29 ± 0.53* .sup. 23.03 ± 0.49** .sup. 22.63 ± 0.52** mg/kg) .sup.##represents p < 0.01 vs. normal control group. *represents p < 0.05, and **represents p < 0.01 vs. CIA model group.

TABLE-US-00010 TABLE 10 Effects of different drugs on the joint index scores of mice Number of cases Group End/Start 35 d 38 d 42 d 45 d Normal control group 7/7 0.00 ± 0.00 0.00 ± 0.00 0.00 ± 0.00 0.00 ± 0.00 CIA model group 6/7 .sup. 7.83 ± 1.11.sup.## .sup. 8.00 ± 1.37.sup.## .sup. 8.17 ± 1.56.sup.## .sup. 9.83 ± 1.33.sup.## Positive drug group 7/7   0.29 ± 00.29**   1.29 ± 00.64**   0.29 ± 00.29**   0.86 ± 00.59** (0.25 mg/kg) CS-A (200 mg/kg) 6/7 9.17 ± 2.17 8.50 ± 2.17 8.83 ± 2.57 8.17 ± 2.64 CS-E (200 mg/kg) 7/7 6.57 ± 1.70 7.29 ± 1.99 9.14 ± 1.83 8.86 ± 1.65 SEMI5 (200 mg/kg) 7/7  2.43 ± 0.99**  2.86 ± 1.06*  3.71 ± 1.15*  5.43 ± 1.17* .sup.##represents p < 0.01 vs. normal control group. *represents p < 0.05, and **represents p < 0.01 vs. CIA model group. A value is expressed as “mean ± sem”.

TABLE-US-00011 TABLE 11 Test results of bone density of mouse toes Number of Bone density cases (g/cm.sup.3) Group End/Start mean ± sem Normal control group 7/7 5262.0 ± 233.3 CIA model group 6/7 .sup. 3131.0 ± 194.4.sup.## Positive drug group (0.25 mg/kg) 7/7  4089.0 ± 206.1* CS-A (200 mg/kg) 6/7 3759.0 ± 61.6* CS-E (200 mg/kg) 7/7 2852.0 ± 669.8 SEMI5 (200 mg/kg) 7/7  4581.0 ± 156.6** The bone density was measured in an area within 1.00 mm to a joint. .sup.##represents p < 0.01 vs. normal control group. *represents p < 0.05, and **represents p < 0.01 vs. CIA model group.

[0107] It can be seen from the comparison results of body weights of mice at the end in Table 9 that the SEMI5 drug exhibited a significant restoration effect on weight loss of mice. It can be seen from Table 10 that joints of mice usually began to swell at 4 w, developing from toes to soles and even ankle joints, and experienced a lesion peak at 5 w to 6 w, with a modeling rate of 100%. The SEMI5 drug significantly improved the joint swelling. It can be seen from Table 11 that the SEMI5 drug showed a significant improvement effect on bone density, which was superior to the positive drug. The above results indicate that the semi-synthetic SEMI5 drug has an anti-RA activity.

Experimental Example 5

[0108] The Glycan 3 (referred to as SEMI5) prepared in Example 3 was evaluated on anti-papain-induced OA models, specifically as follows:

[0109] I. Materials and Methods:

[0110] 1. Animals:

[0111] SD rats, male (180 g to 220 g); 6 mice per group, which were purchased from Beijing Vital River Laboratory Animal Technology Co., Ltd., with license No.: SCXK (Beijing) 2012-0001.

[0112] 2. Groups:

[0113] (1) Normal control group (Con group): intragastrically administered with DDW.

[0114] (2) Model group (Mod group): intragastrically administered with DDW.

[0115] (3) Positive drug celecoxib group (Pos group): the drug was purchased from Pfizer (W47055), formulated with DDW, stored at 4° C., and intragastrically administered once a day.

[0116] (4) Compound SEMI5 at a low dosage group (5L group): 50 mg/kg, which was formulated with DDW, stored at 4° C., and intragastrically administered once a day.

[0117] (5) Compound SEMI5 at a medium dosage group (5M group): 100 mg/kg, which was formulated with DDW, stored at 4° C., and intragastrically administered once a day.

[0118] (6) Compound SEMI5 at a high dosage group (5H group): 200 mg/kg, which was formulated with DDW, stored at 4° C., and intragastrically administered once a day.

[0119] II Experimental Results

[0120] 1. Net Width of Knee Joints

[0121] A vernier caliper was used to measure the width of a skin-free and fat-free knee joint. The swelling degree of the joint could be visually measured.

TABLE-US-00012 TABLE 12 Net width of knee joint in each of the groups Number of cases Group End/Start Width of knee joint (cm) Normal control group 6/6 8.55 ± 0.08.sup.  OA model group 6/6  9.07 ± 0.15** Positive drug group 6/6 8.75 ± 0.11.sup.  5L 6/6 8.53 ± 0.09.sup.## 5M 6/6 8.48 ± 0.06.sup.## 5H 6/6 8.49 ± 0.07.sup.## Notes: As compared with animals in the normal control group (Con), animals in the model group (Mod) had knee joints with a significantly increased net width, with statistically significant difference. It suggests that the joints of animals in the model group were obviously swollen. There was no statistically significant difference between the positive drug group (Pos) and the model group. In terms of the net width of knee joints, animals in each of the administration groups showed a statistically significant difference from that in the model group (Mod). It suggests that the compound had a prominent anti-inflammatory activity. **p < 0.01 vs. Con; .sup.##p < 0.01 vs. Mod.

[0122] 2. Magnetic Resonance Imaging Results

[0123] The damage degree of rat knee articular cartilage was detected by magnetic resonance imaging (as shown in FIG. 8). The data of change in a cartilage gray value as measured were calculated under respective conditions, which indicates a water content of articular cartilage in each of the groups. The higher the water content was, the closer was the condition of the articular cartilage to a normal physiological status (as shown in Table 13).

TABLE-US-00013 TABLE 13 Gray values of knee joints (n = 6) Group Gray value Normal control group 20.54 ± 2.90.sup.  OA model group .sup. 8.12 ± 0.53** 5H 14.33 ± 1.67.sup.##

[0124] It can be seen from Table 13 that, in terms of the gray value, animals in the model group (Mod) showed a statistically significant difference from that in the normal control group (Con). It suggests that an obvious cartilage destruction and a successful modeling. In terms of the gray value, animals in the high dosage administration group showed a statistically significant difference from that in the model group (Mod). The above results suggest that the cartilage was heavily damaged in the model group, while the administration group showed a significant improvement effect. **p<0.01 vs Con; ##p<0.01 vs Mod.

[0125] 3. CT Test Results

[0126] A subchondral bone of the rat knee joint can be detected by CT to determine the remodeling of the subchondral bone.

[0127] III. Experimental Conclusions

[0128] 1. Pharmacodynamic evaluation on anti-DSS-induced acute ulcerative colitis models

[0129] 1) Animals in the UC model group showed significant body weight loss, hematochezia, watery stools, colon contracture, and increase of DAI complex index scores and colon histopathological scores, indicating a success modeling of DSS-induced ulcerative colitis model of mice. The system is reliable and suitable for evaluating the activities of anti-UC compounds.

[0130] 2). The SASP group failed to effectively alleviate the body weight loss of UC model animals in this experiment, but improved the phenomena such as watery stools, hematochezia, and colon contracture in UC model animals. It indicates that SASP exhibited a certain anti-UC activity.

[0131] 3). The SEMI5-50 group could effectively alleviate the body weight loss of model animals, and exhibited certain anti-UC activities in respects such as watery stools, hematochezia, reduction of DAI scores and the like in UC model animals, with statistically significant difference. The above results show that, in the test system, the SEMI5-50 exhibited a significant therapeutic effect on the DSS-induced UC animal models.

[0132] 4). The SEMI5-150 group failed to alleviate the body weight loss of UC model animals with any statistically significant difference, but could improve the colon contracture with a statistically significant difference, and exhibited anti-UC activities in aspects such as watery stools, hematochezia, and reduction of DAI and histological scores in UC model animals with a statistically-significant difference. The above results show that, in the test system, the SEMI5-150 exhibited a certain therapeutic effect on the DSS-induced UC animal models.

[0133] 2. Pharmacodynamic evaluation on anti-type I protein-induced toe swelling mouse models

[0134] 1). It can be known from the comparison results of body weights of mice at the end that the SEMI5 exhibited a significant restoration effect on the weight loss of arthritis mice.

[0135] 2). The SEMI5 showed a significant improvement effect on joint swelling.

[0136] 3). The SEMI5 showed a significant improvement effect on articular bone density, which was superior to the improvement effect of the positive drug. The above results indicate that the semi-synthetic SEMI5 has anti-RA activity.

[0137] 3. Pharmacodynamic evaluation on anti-papain-induced osteoarthritis rat models

[0138] 1). As compared with animals in the normal control group (Con), animals in the model group (Mod) had knee joints with a significantly increased net width, with statistically-significant difference. It suggests that the joints of animals in the model group were obviously swollen. There was no statistically significant difference between the positive drug group (Pos) and the model group. In terms of the net width of knee joints, animals in each of the administration groups showed a statistically significant difference from that in the model group (Mod), suggesting that the SEMI5 exhibited a superior anti-inflammatory activity.

[0139] 2). The CON group showed a normal joint space, an intact and undamaged articular cartilage surface, a normal subchondral bone, a normal cartilage thickness, an appropriate amount of subpatellar fat, a synovial membrane, and a little synovial fluid. The MOD group showed a narrowed joint space, a damaged or even lost articular cartilage surface, an incomplete outer cartilage edge, an unclear cartilage shape, and a decreased cartilage thickness. The SEMI5H group showed a clear joint shape, a restored joint space, and a little synovial fluid.

[0140] 3). In terms of the gray value, animals in the model group (Mod) showed a statistically significant difference from that in the normal control group (Con), suggesting an obvious cartilage destruction and a successful modeling. In terms of the gray value, animals in the high-dosage SEMI5 group showed a statistically significant difference from that in the model group (Mod). The above results suggest that the cartilage was heavily damaged in the model group and the administration group showed a significant improvement effect.

[0141] 4). As compared with the shape of the normal rat knee joint shape in the CON group, the MOD model group showed a bone destruction and severe erosion in the subchondral bone of the knee joints, formation of obvious cavities at the joints, and deformation of bone joints. The POS positive drug and SEMI5L groups showed less bone destruction and erosion than the model group. The SEMI5M and SEMI5H groups showed a significantly improved bone destruction and erosion as compared with the model group.

[0142] The above results indicate that the semi-synthetic SEMI5 has an anti-OA activity.

[0143] The above descriptions are merely preferred embodiments of the present disclosure. It is to be noted that a person of ordinary skill in the art may make certain improvements and modifications without departing from the principle of the present disclosure. Such improvements and modifications should be deemed as falling within the protection scope of the present disclosure.