Engineered timber products, components and methodologies

Abstract

A method of drying sticks, a related apparatus, resultant product and its uses where the method involves presenting a plurality of sticks in parallel as a single layer, pressing each stick with a bank of pressing members on and/or into at least one face of the sticks, each with plurality of protuberances, thereby to constrain the sticks against crook, and drying the sticks when so constrained. Preferably each bank of pressing members is an underside of a frame or lattice of a stack of such frames or lattices able to receive such a single layer of sticks between adjacent overlying/underlying frames or lattices, the protuberances preferably being only downwardly directed.

Claims

1. An apparatus for drying a plurality of sticks of square or rectangular cross-section, the apparatus comprising: an underlying frame to laterally receive sticks, and an overlying frame, the overlying frame carrying spaced penetrative members, the overlying frame with spaced penetrative members to penetrate an upper surface of the sticks to be received upon the underlying frame, the sticks to be received by the underlying frame to be constrained by squeezing of the overlying frame comprising of the spaced penetrative members upon the underlying frame, wherein the underlying frame and the overlying frame act as a pair of frames, such that a plurality of adjacently arranged pairs of frames are configured as a stack, the overlying frame and the underlying frame match rails or bars over rails or bars, and a spacing of the rails or bars of each of the overlying frame and the underlying frame are closer together near ends of the sticks than centrally of the sticks.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the sticks are contiguous on the underlying frame.

3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the sticks squeezed onto the underlying frame using the spaced penetrative members of the overlying frame provides for a top surface penetration by at least two of the spaced penetrative members for each stick at each of several positions along a length of the stick.

4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the overlying frame carrying the spaced penetrative members is configured such that there are at least three of the spaced penetrative members for each stick at each position along the length of the stick.

5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the underlying frame is of the rails or bars fixed in a spaced parallel relationship.

6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the spaced penetrative members are on or of an underside of the rails or bars of the overlying frame.

7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the spaced penetrative members are pins.

8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the pins are profiled from the rails or bars of the overlying frame.

9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the spaced penetrative members are of or from an underside of the rails or bars of the overlying frame.

10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the plurality of adjacently arranged pairs of frames are separable by an upward expansion to allow a separation of each overlying frame from a paired underlying frame.

11. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein a vertical expansion of the stack provides for a separation of the overlying frame from the underlying frame.

12. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the spaced penetrative members are each teeth-shaped, triangular-shaped or truncated triangular in shape.

13. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the spaced penetrative members are each spaced 15 mm apart.

14. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the apparatus comprises a stack of layers of skeletal adjacently arranged pairs of frames, each adjacent pair of frames to receive a layer of sticks therebetween with the sticks mutually at least substantially parallel by having been advanced laterally of their elongate axes on the underlying frame of each pair of frames and to then be squeezed onto the underlying frame of each pair of frames, each such overlying frame of the pair of frames comprising the spaced penetrative members configured to penetrate each stick on its upper face to constrain the sticks.

15. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the plurality of adjacently arranged pairs of frames are held within the confines of complementary links such that when there is an uplifting of a top most link of the stack, the pairs of frames are separable by an upward expansion and thus separation of the overlying frame from the underlying frame.

Description

(1) A preferred form of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompany drawings in which

(2) FIG. 1 an isometric view of an engineered product, being a lamination of, by way of example, nine engineered lamina (arrayed in the lamination by reference to strength properties so as to provide the strength characteristic for the engineered product required), the finger jointing [should there be finger jointing in any particular lamina] preferably being staggered throughout the engineered laminate,

(3) FIG. 2 shows a deeper lamination to that of FIG. 1,

(4) FIG. 3A shows a typical stick after drying by a process of the present invention showing an unprepared end at the right hand end with arrays of three pin holes resulting from penetration of the protuberances transversely across the broader face of the stick, the sets of such arrays being close together near the free end of the stick,

(5) FIG. 3B is the same stick of FIG. 3A but showing the right hand end prepared for finger jointing with a streamed complementary stick,

(6) FIG. 3C shows the stick of FIG. 3B finger jointed with a streamed-like stick, thereafter as a streamed engineered lamina to be taken to magazines for assembly as required into the profile of streamed characteristics required for the end use of a product, such as for example, depicted in FIG. 1 or FIG. 2,

(7) FIG. 4 shows an example of one sequence of steps that can be utilised in order to provide products as referred to in FIGS. 1 and 2, the sticks provided being, for example substantially, as shown in FIG. 3A,

(8) FIG. 5A shows a plan view of a suitable lattice, frame or array of fillets, bars or the like of the present invention in plan, the view being from above and not showing the downwardly extending protuberances of each bar, fillet or the like, showing also the more close spacing of such bars or fillets near the end of the lattice, and showing transversely of the bars or fillets the lattice providing bars, tubes or the like, such linking members being parallel to the direction in which the sticks will lie between such lattices,

(9) FIG. 5B is a perspective view of the arrangement of FIG. 5A but from below,

(10) FIG. 5C shows the lattices of FIGS. 5A and 5B as they might be stacked to achieve the purpose of the present invention ie. to constrain layers of sticks in a drying environment,

(11) FIG. 5D is a view from one end of the stack of FIG. 5C,

(12) FIG. 6 shows a diagram of how the linking bars, tubes or the like can be uplifted by a tying member that loosely associates with each thereby to allow upward expansion and thus separation of the individual lattices thereby to allow stick advancement (the sticks being shown diagrammatically in transverse section), to be advanced to the left or to the right when the downwardly shown protuberances do not press into the individual sticks,

(13) FIG. 7 is a view transversely of the edge of individual sticks showing how in the penetrating condition downwardly extending protuberances of each bar, fillet or the like constrains the stick down onto the preferably non-protuberant smooth upper edge of the underlying lattice,

(14) FIG. 8 is another diagrammatic view from a similar direction as is FIG. 6,

(15) FIG. 9A is a plan view of apparatus carrying the stacks of for example FIGS. 5C and 5D,

(16) FIG. 9B is a side elevational view of the arrangement of FIG. 9A, and

(17) FIG. 9C is an end elevation of the arrangement shown in FIGS. 9A and 9B.

(18) During the process of timber drying crook (deviation or change in direction from the lengthwise axis while not deviating from the plane of the wide face of the cross-section) is eliminated and/or minimized by adding pins to the “fillets” used to stack the timber with air gaps to allow drying air flow.

(19) FIGS. 1 and 2 show just two of many different examples of laminated product that can be made for use structurally.

(20) Choice of properties of streamed stick engineered laminae can be profiled to address whatever bending moments the structural element is to resist. See the aforementioned patent specifications.

(21) In FIG. 1 it can be seen that the engineered elongate product 1 is made up of a plurality of engineered laminae 2. Most, if not all, include endwise finger joining, such as at 3.

(22) Shown on the top face of the engineered lamina 2 at the top of the assembly 1 are transversely spaced teeth or pin marks 4 which preferably number at least two in each instance. Near the ends of where the originating stick was, such spacing longitudinally near the finger joining 3 is preferably closer than elsewhere.

(23) Such marks 4 need not be identical along the length of the product or be of similar sets. Moreover, the bottom face of the engineered product, as shown in FIG. 1, may not show any such marks at all if the same orientation of the engineered laminae are kept consistent or there is not the use of protuberances on both sides of the individual sticks, as is preferred.

(24) Indeed, a judicious rotation during-assembly of the engineered laminae for the lamination, can result in no pin marking being exposed.

(25) FIG. 3A shows a typical stick of the kind contemplated in the aforementioned patent specifications for use in products of the kind disclosed in FIGS. 1 and 2. Shown near a end region 5 are the closer together transverse lines of teeth marks 6 as opposed to the more spaced teeth marks 7. Whilst each set of teeth marks 6 and 7 are shown as being the same (and three in each case) this is only a preferment. The longitudinal spacing between such sets and each sets number of teeth/pins is such as to provide a great pressure near the ends of each stick in the drying process.

(26) FIG. 3A of course shows the stick post the drying step. FIG. 3B shows the end trimmed ready for finger joining and FIG. 3C shows a matched stick to that of FIG. 3B actually finger jointed to provide a continuation of the engineered stick.

(27) Such finger jointing preferably is continuous for each stream and the cutting to length occurs just prior to lamination so that magazines hold the desired length for the purpose of the lamination.

(28) FIG. 4 shows a preferred process whereby products such as shown in FIG. 1 can be made whilst going through the process mentioned with respect to FIGS. 3A to 3C.

(29) FIG. 5A shows the plan view of a preferred frame or lattice of rails, bars or fillets from that upper side. Sticks, in the absence of upward protuberances, can be slid laterally of the stick axis along each of the bars when substantially horizontal as a support.

(30) Set down from the top surface of each of the bars onto which sticks are to be positioned (none being shown), are spacing bars, tubes or the like which will serve the purpose of holding the individual rails, bars or fillets as a single frame.

(31) It can be seen that a stick can be positioned on all of the bars 8 between extremities AA.

(32) The spanning tubes or bars 9 are preferably the means by which there is a linking of the stack of frames as shown in FIGS. 5C and 5D in the arrangement hereafter described. FIG. 5B shows from below each bar 8 with a plurality of teeth 10 positioned on each underside these teeth are preferably triangular or truncated triangular (eg. plateaued).

(33) Any suitable form can be used however that ensures pressing across the width of a stick in order to hold it constrained.

(34) In the absence of such penetrative members there is the prospect that some part of the lateral width of a face may not have any constraint bearing down on it. At least with the penetrative members it is possible to ensure that there is a spaced constraint on a plurality of places across the face and at different positions along the stick length. All these constraint requires less force owing to the penetrative protuberances.

(35) Preferably each member 8 is being aligned above another to act in reaction as an anvil appropriate so that clamping can take place.

(36) FIGS. 6, 7 and 8 as described show teeth 10 as they might bear into parallel and juxtaposed sticks 11 between bars 8.

(37) Shown in FIG. 6 are parts of the transverse members 9 loosely held within the confines of complementary links 12, 13, etc such that when there is an uplifting of a top most link of the vertical series, the size of the openings of each about a bar or tube 9 provides for a lifting of, say bar 8A from bar 8B, thereby to allow the teeth 10 to be pulled from the individual sticks 11 and thereafter to allow the sticks to be slid, for example, to the left as depicted by the arrow 14.

(38) The fillet spacing and pin spacing on the fillets is a function of the dimension of the wide face of the timber cross section, length of the stick, the number of pins in contact on each piece, the degree of crook minimization and the final weight applied to achieve adequate penetration into the timber for the holding required.

(39) By way of example, for rectangular section sticks, 49 mm×11 mm, are preferred a fillet spacing of 100 mm over the middle section reduced to 50 mm near the ends where the distortion forces are the same but the restraining moment is reduced, are preferred. The rationale is that the closer together the fillets the better is the resistance to crook occurring but because this implies more pins the load required to ensure-pin penetration into the timber is increased and more pin marks are potentially visible in the product. An option, as shown, is to reduce the spacing towards the ends.

(40) A preferred pin spacing for preferred 11 mm×49 mm sticks is 15 mm which gives a minimum of three pins across each stick face of 49 mm. Two pins may have been adequate but at least near the ends one pin is not as timber will try to twist/rotate locally near the ends. There is no reason why four, five or six etc, pins across each stick face could not be used except that increased of load is required on the pins in order to drive them into the timber. In prospect is having more pins near the ends and less through the centre.

(41) There is no reason why pins could not be both sides of the fillet but this can make automatic loading and unloading difficult. Both sides would double the holding ability. Single sided allows sliding between lattice frame pairs when the pins are not upward from the underlying frame, lattice or the like but are only downwardly from the overlying frame, lattice or the like.

(42) The pin shape should allow good penetration but easy “break off” (ie. dislodgement or release) from the timber, while having practical resistance to rough handling and ease of manufacture.

(43) Any suitable weight application or pressure application to a preferred vertically expanding stack of the frames can be used so that even the top squeezed layer of sticks is under sufficient hold down loading.

(44) In this specification where reference has been made to patent specifications, other external documents, or other sources of information, this is generally for the purpose of providing a context for discussing the features of the invention. Unless specifically stated otherwise, reference to such external documents is not to be construed as an admission that such documents, or such sources of information, in any jurisdiction, are prior art, or form part of the common general knowledge in the art.