Polypeptide for hydrolytic cleavage of zearalenone and/or zearalenone derivatives, isolated polynucleotide thereof as well as a polypeptide containing an additive, use of same as well as a process

Abstract

The invention relates to a polypeptide for the hydrolytic cleavage of zearalenone and/or at least one zearalenone derivative, said polypeptide being a hydrolase having an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 1-15 or a functional variant thereof, wherein the sequence of the functional variant is at least 40% identical to at least one of the amino acid sequences. The invention also relates to: an additive containing the polypeptide; an isolated polynucleotide that encodes the polypeptide; and a method for the hydrolytic cleavage of zearalenone and/or of at least one zearalenone derivative using the polypeptide.

Claims

1. A method for hydrolytic cleavage of zearalenone or at least one zearalenone derivative selected from the group of α-ZEL ((2E,7R,11S)-7,15,17-trihydroxy-11-methyl-12-oxabicyclo[12.4.0]-octadeca-1(18),2,14,16-tetraen-13-one), β-ZEL (2E,7S,11S)-7,15,17-trihydroxy-11-methyl-12-oxabicyclo[12.4.0]octadeca-1(18),2,14,16-tetraen-13-one), α-ZAL ((7R,11S)-7,15,17-trihydroxy-11-methyl-12-oxabicyclo[12.4.0]octadeca-1(18),14,16-trien-13-one), β-ZAL ((7S,11S)-7,15,17-trihydroxy-11-methyl-12-oxabicyclo[12.4.0]octadeca-1(14),15,17-trien-13-one), Z14G ((2E,11S)-15-hydroxy-11-methyl-17-[(3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-tetrahydropyran-2-yl]oxy-12-oxabicyclo[12.4.0]octadeca 1(18)2,14,16-tetraene-7,13-dione), Z14S ([(2E,11S)-15-hydroxy-11-methyl-7,13-dioxo-12-oxabicyclo[12.4.0]octadeca-1(18),2,14,16-tetraen-17-yl] hydrogen sulfate) and ZAN ((11S)-15,17-dihydroxy-11-methyl-12-oxabicyclo-[12.4.0]octadeca-1(18),14,16-triene-7,13-dione), wherein the zearalenone or at least one zearalenone derivative is/are hydrolyzed by a polypeptide having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 11 or a functional variant thereof, wherein the sequence identity between the functional variant and the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 11 is at least 70%; and wherein the polypeptide having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 11 or the functional variant thereof has an α,β-hydrolase structure, which is suitable for oxygen-independent and cofactor-free hydrolytic cleavage of the ester group of zearalenone or at least one zearalenone derivative selected from the group of α-ZEL ((2E,7R,11S)-7,15,17-trihydroxy-11-methyl-12-oxabicyclo[12.4.0]-octadeca-1(18),2,14,16-tetraen-13-one), β-ZEL (2E,7S,11S)-7,15,17-trihydroxy-11-methyl-12-oxabicyclo[12.4.0]octadeca-1(18),2,14,16-tetraen-13-one), α-ZAL ((7R,11S)-7,15,17-trihydroxy-11-methyl-12-oxabicyclo[12.4.0]octadeca-1(18),14,16-trien-13-one), β-ZAL ((7S,11S)-7,15,17-trihydroxy-11-methyl-12-oxabicyclo[12.4.0]octadeca-1(14),15,17-trien-13-one), Z14G ((2E,11S)-15-hydroxy-11-methyl-17-[(3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-tetrahydropyran-2-yl]oxy-12-oxabicyclo[12.4.0]octadeca 1(18)2,14,16-tetraene-7,13-dione), Z14S ([(2E,11S)-15-hydroxy-11-methyl-7,13-dioxo-12-oxabicyclo[12.4.0]octadeca-1 (18),2,14,16-tetraen-17-yl] hydrogen sulfate) and ZAN ((11S)-15,17-dihydroxy-11-methyl-12-oxabicyclo-[12.4.0]octadeca-1(18),14,16-triene-7,13-dione).

2. A method for hydrolytic cleavage of zearalenone or at least one zearalenone derivative selected from the group of α-ZEL ((2E,7R,11S)-7,15,17-trihydroxy-11-methyl-12-oxabicyclo[12.4.0]-octadeca-1(18),2,14,16-tetraen-13-one), β-ZEL (2E,7S,11S)-7,15,17-trihydroxy-11-methyl-12-oxabicyclo[12.4.0]octadeca-1(18),2,14,16-tetraen-13-one), α-ZAL ((7R,11S)-7,15,17-trihydroxy-11-methyl-12-oxabicyclo[12.4.0]octadeca-1(18),14,16-trien-13-one), β-ZAL ((7S,11S)-7,15,17-trihydroxy-11-methyl-12-oxabicyclo[12.4.0]octadeca-1(14),15,17-trien-13-one), Z14G ((2E,11S)-15-hydroxy-11-methyl-17-[(3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-tetrahydropyran-2-yl]oxy-12-oxabicyclo[12.4.0]octadeca 1(18)2,14,16-tetraene-7,13-dione), Z14S ([(2E,11S)-15-hydroxy-11-methyl-7,13-dioxo-12-oxabicyclo[12.4.0]octadeca-1(18),2,14,16-tetraen-17-yl] hydrogen sulfate) and ZAN ((11 S)-15,17-dihydroxy-11-methyl-12-oxabicyclo-[12.4.0]octadeca-1(18),14,16-triene-7,13-dione), wherein the zearalenone or at least one zearalenone derivative is/are hydrolyzed by a polypeptide having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 11 or a functional variant thereof, wherein the sequence identity between the functional variant and the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 11 is at least 70%, wherein the polypeptide is used in an additive to yield feed products for pigs, poultry or aquaculture, for addition to foodstuffs or to distillers dried grain and solubles, and wherein the additive contains the polypeptide and auxiliary substances; and wherein the polypeptide having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 11 or the functional variant thereof has an α,β-hydrolase structure, which is suitable for oxygen-independent and cofactor-free hydrolytic cleavage of the ester group of zearalenone or at least one zearalenone derivative selected from the group of α-ZEL ((2E,7R,11S)-7,15,17-trihydroxy-11-methyl-12-oxabicyclo[12.4.0]-octadeca-1(18),2,14,16-tetraen-13-one), β-ZEL (2E,7S,11S)-7,15,17-trihydroxy-11-methyl-12-oxabicyclo[12.4.0]octadeca-1(18),2,14,16-tetraen-13-one), α-ZAL ((7R,11S)-7,15,17-trihydroxy-11-methyl-12-oxabicyclo[12.4.0]octadeca-1(18),14,16-trien-13-one), β-ZAL ((7S,11S)-7,15,17-trihydroxy-11-methyl-12-oxabicyclo[12.4.0]octadeca-1(14),15,17-trien-13-one), Z14G ((2E,11S)-15-hydroxy-11-methyl-17-[(3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-tetrahydropyran-2-yl]oxy-12-oxabicyclo[12.4.0]octadeca 1(18)2,14,16-tetraene-7,13-dione), Z14S ([(2E,11S)-15-hydroxy-11-methyl-7,13-dioxo-12-oxabicyclo[12.4.0]octadeca-1(18),2,14,16-tetraen-17-yl] hydrogen sulfate) and ZAN ((11S)-15,17-dihydroxy-11-methyl-12-oxabicyclo-[12.4.0]octadeca-1(18),14,16-triene-7,13-dione).

3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the polypeptide or the additive is mixed with a foodstuff or animal feed product contaminated with zearalenone or with at least one zearalenone derivative; the contaminated foodstuff or animal feed product is brought in contact with moisture, and the polypeptide or the additive hydrolyzes the zearalenone or at least one zearalenone derivative present in contaminated foodstuff or animal feed product.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein at least 70% of the zearalenone or at least one zearalenone derivative selected from the group of α-ZEL ((2E,7R,11S)-7,15,17-trihydroxy-11-methyl-12-oxabicyclo[12.4.0]-octadeca-1(18),2,14,16-tetraen-13-one), β-ZEL (2E,7S,11S)-7,15,17-trihydroxy-11-methyl-12-oxabicyclo[12.4.0]octadeca-1(18),2,14,16-tetraen-13-one), α-ZAL ((7R,11S)-7,15,17-trihydroxy-11-methyl-12-oxabicyclo[12.4.0]octadeca-1(18),14,16-trien-13-one), β-ZAL ((7S,11S)-7,15,17-trihydroxy-11-methyl-12-oxabicyclo[12.4.0]octadeca-1(14),15,17-trien-13-one), Z14G ((2E,11S)-15-hydroxy-11-methyl-17-[(3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-tetrahydropyran-2-yl]oxy-12-oxabicyclo[12.4.0]octadeca 1(18)2,14,16-tetraene-7,13-dione), Z14S ([(2E,11S)-15-hydroxy-11-methyl-7,13-dioxo-12-oxabicyclo[12.4.0]octadeca-1(18),2,14,16-tetraen-17-yl] hydrogen sulfate) and ZAN ((11S)-15,17-dihydroxy-11-methyl-12-oxabicyclo-[12.4.0]octadeca-1(18),14,16-triene-7,13-dione), is/are hydrolyzed.

5. The method according to claim 4, wherein at least 80% of the zearalenone or at least one zearalenone derivative selected from the group of α-ZEL ((2E,7R,11S)-7,15,17-trihydroxy-11-methyl-12-oxabicyclo[12.4.0]-octadeca-1(18),2,14,16-tetraen-13-one), β-ZEL (2E,7S,11S)-7,15,17-trihydroxy-11-methyl-12-oxabicyclo[12.4.0]octadeca-1(18),2,14,16-tetraen-13-one), α-ZAL ((7R,11S)-7,15,17-trihydroxy-11-methyl-12-oxabicyclo[12.4.0]octadeca-1(18),14,16-trien-13-one), β-ZAL ((7S,11S)-7,15,17-trihydroxy-11-methyl-12-oxabicyclo[12.4.0]octadeca-1(14),15,17-trien-13-one), Z14G ((2E,11S)-15-hydroxy-11-methyl-17-[(3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-tetrahydropyran-2-yl]oxy-12-oxabicyclo[12.4.0]octadeca 1(18)2,14,16-tetraene-7,13-dione), Z14S ([(2E,11S)-15-hydroxy-11-methyl-7,13-dioxo-12-oxabicyclo[12.4.0]octadeca-1(18),2,14,16-tetraen-17-yl] hydrogen sulfate) and ZAN ((11S)-15,17-dihydroxy-11-methyl-12-oxabicyclo-[12.4.0]octadeca-1(18),14,16-triene-7,13-dione), is/are hydrolyzed.

6. The method according to claim 4, wherein at least 90% of the zearalenone or at least one zearalenone derivative selected from the group of α-ZEL ((2E,7R,11S)-7,15,17-trihydroxy-11-methyl-12-oxabicyclo[12.4.0]-octadeca-1(18),2,14,16-tetraen-13-one), β-ZEL (2E,7S,11S)-7,15,17-trihydroxy-11-methyl-12-oxabicyclo[12.4.0]octadeca-1(18),2,14,16-tetraen-13-one), α-ZAL ((7R,11S)-7,15,17-trihydroxy-11-methyl-12-oxabicyclo[12.4.0]octadeca-1(18),14,16-trien-13-one), β-ZAL ((7S,11S)-7,15,17-trihydroxy-11-methyl-12-oxabicyclo[12.4.0]octadeca-1(14),15,17-trien-13-one), Z14G ((2E,11S)-15-hydroxy-11-methyl-17-[(3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-tetrahydropyran-2-yl]oxy-12-oxabicyclo[12.4.0]octadeca 1(18)2,14,16-tetraene-7,13-dione), Z14S ([(2E,11S)-15-hydroxy-11-methyl-7,13-dioxo-12-oxabicyclo[12.4.0]octadeca-1(18),2,14,16-tetraen-17-yl] hydrogen sulfate) and ZAN ((11S)-15,17-dihydroxy-11-methyl-12-oxabicyclo-[12.4.0]octadeca-1(18),14,16-triene-7,13-dione), is/are hydrolyzed.

7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the polypeptide has at least one conserved amino acid sequence segment or a functional variant thereof, and wherein the functional variant of the amino acid sequence segment has a sequence identity of at least 70% with the at least one conserved amino acid sequence segment, and the at least one conserved amino acid sequence segment is selected from the group of amino acid sequences +79 to +87, +89 to +145, +177 to +193, +223 to +228, +249 to +255, +257 to +261, +272 to +279 of the sequence having the SEQ ID NO: 1.

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the polypeptide has at least one mutation of the amino acid sequence with respect to SEQ ID NO: 1 in at least one of the following positions selected from the group: 22, 23, 25, 26, 27, 29, 31, 32, 35, 37, 42, 43, 46, 51, 53, 54, 57, 60, 69, 72, 73, 78, 80, 84, 88, 95, 97, 99, 114, 118, 119, 123, 132, 141, 146, 148, 149, 154, 163, 164, 165, 169, 170, 172, 176, 180, 182, 183, 190, 191, 194, 196, 197, 198, 201, 204, 205, 206, 207, 208, 209, 210, 212, 213, 214, 216, 217, 220, 221, 222, 229, 231, 233, 238, 240, 244, 245, 246, 248, 249, 251, 254, 256, 260, 262, 263, 266, 269, 271, 277, 280, 281, 282, 283, 284, 285, 286, 287, 292, 296, 298, 302, 307, 308, 309, 311, 314, 317, 319, 321, 323, 325 and 326.

9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the polypeptide has at least one mutation of the amino acid sequence with respect to SEQ ID NO: 1 selected from the group D22A, S23Q, S23L, N25D, I26V, F27Y, F27H, S29P, R31A, F32Y, R35K, R35Q, V37A, V42I, V43T, F46Y, S51E, S51D, D53G, N54M, N54R, L57V, L60I, S69G, P72E, V73A, A78S, N80H, F84Y, I88L, T95S, T97A, R99K, I114M, I118V, K119R, V123I, L132V, A141S, I146V, I146L, A148G, A149V, A154P, P163T, A164T, Y165C, Y165H, V169I, L170R, A172G, A176M, A176V, Y180F, D182T, F183Y, I190V, G191S, K194T, K194E, F196Y, V197C, V197R, E198R, E198S, K201D, K201G, P204S, P204A, A205S, K206P, A207M, M208A, Q209R, L210A, L210S, ΔP212, T213V, P214A, E216T, E216G, A217I, N220H, L221M, K222R, K222Q, G229A, A231V, F233W, F233Y, F233H, A238G, H240N, H240S, D244E, R245Q, M246L, S248T, S248N, S248G, Q249R, K251N, I254V, I256L, A260M, T262D, T262G, I263T, E266D, E269H, E269N, L271V, L277E, E280A, E280L, H281R, H281Q, A282V, Q283R, D284L, D284R, I285L, I286M, R287E, R287D, R292K, R292T, Q296A, Q296E, H298V, L302S, L307Q, F308S, D309A, A311P, A314V, L317F, S319Q, S319P, S319R, S321A, S321T, T323A, P325A, A326P.

10. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the polypeptide is used in a zearalenone and/or zearalenone derivate cleaving, adjuvant-containing additive for feed for pigs, poultry and aquaculture, in food or in dry pasture.

11. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that the adjuvants contained in the additive are selected from at least one inert carrier and additional ingredients selected from vitamins, minerals, or enzymes for detoxifying mycotoxins.

12. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that the polypeptide is contained in the additive in a concentration of at most 10,000 U/g.

13. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that the additive is present in encapsulated or coated form.

14. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that the functional variant of the amino acid sequence segment has a sequence identity of at least 84% with the at least one conserved amino acid sequence segment.

15. The method according to claim 14, characterized in that the functional variant of the amino acid sequence segment has a sequence identity of at least 92% with the at least one conserved amino acid sequence segment.

16. The method according to claim 15, characterized in that the functional variant of the amino acid sequence segment has a sequence identity of at least 98% with the at least one conserved amino acid sequence segment.

Description

DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

(1) The invention is explained in greater detail below on the basis of exemplary embodiments as well as drawings, in which:

(2) FIG. 1 consists of FIGS. 1A, 1B, and 1C which show the degradation of ZEN and the increase in the metabolites HZEN and DHZEN over time for the polypeptide having the sequence ID no. 1, wherein the polypeptide in FIG. 1A has not been tagged, in FIG. 1B the polypeptide has a C-terminal 6×His tag, and in FIG. 1C the polypeptide has an N-terminal 6×His tag,

(3) FIG. 2 consists of FIGS. 2A and 2B which show in duplicate measurements the Michaelis-Menten kinetics of the polypeptide with sequence ID no. 1,

(4) FIG. 3 consists of FIGS. 3A to 3I which shows the degradation of ZEN and the increase in metabolites HZEN and DHZEN over time, due to purified polypeptides having the sequence ID numbers 1 (FIG. 3A), 2 (FIG. 3B), 5 (FIG. 3C), 6 (FIG. 3D), 7 (Figured 3E), 9 (FIG. 3F), 11 (FIG. 3G), 12 (FIG. 3H) and 15 (FIG. 3I), wherein all the sequences have a C-terminal 6×His tag.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Example 1: Modification, Cloning and Expression of Polynucleotides that Code for Polypeptides which are Capable of Hydrolytic Cleavage of ZEN and/or at Least One ZEN Derivative

(5) Amino acid substitutions, insertions or deletions were performed by mutation of the nucleotide sequences by means of PCR using the “quick change site-directed mutagenesis kits” (Stratagene) according to the instructions. As an alternative, complete nucleotide sequences were also ordered (GeneArt). The nucleotide sequences generated by means of PCR mutagenesis and/or ordered from GeneArt optionally also contained a C- or N-terminal 6×His tag on an amino acid level and were integrated by means of standard methods into expression vectors for expression in E. coli or P. pastoris, transformed in E. coli or P. pastoris and expressed in E. coli and P. pastoris (J. M. Cregg, Pichia Protocols, second edition, ISBN-10: 1588294293, 2007; J. Sambrook et al., 2012, Molecular Cloning, A Laboratory Manual, 4.sup.th edition, Cold Spring Harbor), wherein any other suitable host cell may also be used for this task.

(6) The designation “expression vector” relates to a DNA construct that is capable of expressing a gene in vivo or in vitro. In particular this is understood to refer to DNA constructs that are suitable for transferring the polypeptide coding nucleotide sequence into the host cell to integrate into the genome there or to be present freely in the extrachromosomal space and to express the polypeptide coding nucleotide sequence intracellularly and optionally also to remove the polypeptide from the cell.

(7) The designation “host cell” refers to all cells containing either a nucleotide sequence to be expressed or an expression vector and being capable of synthesizing a polypeptide according to the invention. In particular this is understood to include prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic cells, preferably P. pastoris, E. coli, Bacillus subtilis, Streptomyces, Hansenula, Trichoderma, Lactobacillus, Aspergillus, plant cells and/or spores of Bacillus, Trichoderma or Aspergillus.

(8) The soluble cell lysate in the case of E. coli and/or the culture supernatant in the case of P. pastoris was/were used for determination of the catalytic properties of the polypeptides. To determine the K.sub.M value, v.sub.max, k.sub.cat and the specific activity, the polypeptides were selectively enriched chromatographically by standard methods over nickel-Sepharose columns. The determination of the protein concentration was performed by means of standard methods, either being calculated by the BCA method (Pierce BCA Protein Assay KitProd #23225) or preferably photometrically with the specific extinction coefficients for the respective proteins that are available online with the ProtParam program at (Gasteiger E. et al.; Protein Identification and Analysis Tools on the ExPASy Server, in John M. Walker (ed): The Proteomics Protocols Handbook, Humana Press, 2005, pp. 571-607).

Example 2: Determination of the Sequence Identity and the Conserved Amino Acid Sequence Segments

(9) The determination of the percentage sequence identity based on the total polypeptide length of the polypeptides with eh amino acid sequences having the sequence ID numbers 1 to 15 relative to one another (Table 1) was performed with the help of the BLAST program (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool), in particular with BLASTP, which can be used at homepage of the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). It is thus possible to compare two or more sequences with one another according to the algorithm of Altschul et al., 1997 (Nucleic Acids Res. (1997), 25:3389-3402). The basic settings were used as the program settings in particular. However. “max target sequence”=100; expected threshold”=10; “word size”=3; “matrix”=BLOSOM62; “gap costs”=“existence: 11; extension: 1”; “computational adjustment”=“conditional compositional score matrix adjustment.”

(10) To determine the conserved amino acid sequence segments, the polypeptides having sequence ID numbers 1 to 6, which have a sequence identity of at least 70% with one another, were compared with the help of the COBALT software (J. S. Papadopoulos and R. Agarwala, 2007, COBALT: Constraint-Based Alignment Tool for Multiple Protein Sequences, Bioinformatics 23:1073-79) while using the standard parameters, in particular the parameters (“gap penalties”: −11, −1; “end-gap penalties”: −5, −1; “use RPS BLAST”: on; “Blast E-value”: 0.003; “find conserved columns and recompute”: on; “use query clusters”: on; “word size”: 4; “may cluster distance”: 0, 8; “alphabet”: regular; “homology conversation setting”: 3 bits). The result of this analysis represents the conserved amino acids. The following ranges of at least five successive conserved amino acids were defined as the conserved amino acid sequence segments, namely with respect to the segment having the sequence ID no. 1, the segments A from position +24 to position +50, B from position +52 to position +77, C from position +79 to position +87, D from position +89 to position +145, E from position +150 to position +171, F from position +177 to position +193, G from position +223 to position +228, H from position +230 to position +237, I from position +239 to position +247, J from position +249 to position +255, K from position +257 to position +261, L from position +263 to position +270, M from position +272 to position +279, N from position +297 to position +301 and O from position +303 to position +313.

(11) The determinations of the percentage sequence identity of the polypeptides to one another and of the conserved amino acid sequence segments of the individual polypeptides relative to the conserved amino acid sequence segments of the sequence having the sequence ID no. 1 were formed as described above. The results are presented in Tables 1 and 2.

(12) TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Percentage sequence identity of the polypeptides to one another. SEQ ID SEQ ID SEQ ID SEQ ID SEQ ID SEQ ID SEQ ID No. 1 No. 2 No. 3 No. 4 No. 5 No. 6 No. 7 SEQ ID — 70% 71% 71% 71% 71% 64% No. 1 SEQ ID 70% — 81% 83% 81% 83% 63% No. 2 SEQ ID 71% 81% — 95% 99% 92% 60% No. 3 SEQ ID 71% 83% 95% — 95% 95% 60% No. 4 SEQ ID 71% 81% 99% 95% — 93% 60% No. 5 SEQ ID 71% 83% 92% 95% 93% — 61% No. 6 SEQ ID 64% 63% 60% 60% 60% 61% — No. 7 SEQ ID 57% 54% 54% 53% 53% 53% 53% No. 8 SEQ ID 50% 50% 53% 53% 53% 55% 51% No. 9 SEQ ID 55% 52% 55% 54% 55% 53% 52% No. 10 SEQ ID 53% 51% 53% 51% 51% 52% 54% No. 11 SEQ ID 50% 49% 50% 50% 50% 49% 51% No. 12 SEQ ID 55% 49% 51% 51% 51% 52% 54% No. 13 SEQ ID 73% 65% 69% 70% 69% 68% 80% No. 14 SEQ ID 79% 68% 71% 71% 71% 72% 63% No. 15 SEQ ID SEQ ID SEQ ID SEQ ID SEQ ID SEQ ID SEQ ID SEQ ID No. 8 No. 9 No. 10 No. 11 No. 12 No. 13 No. 14 No. 15 SEQ ID 57% 50% 55% 53% 50% 55% 73% 79% No. 1 SEQ ID 54% 50% 52% 51% 49% 49% 65% 68% No. 2 SEQ ID 54% 53% 55% 53% 50% 51% 69% 71% No. 3 SEQ ID 53% 53% 54% 51% 50% 51% 70% 71% No. 4 SEQ ID 53% 53% 55% 51% 50% 51% 69% 71% No. 5 SEQ ID 53% 55% 53% 52% 49% 52% 68% 72% No. 6 SEQ ID 53% 51% 52% 54% 51% 54% 80% 63% No. 7 SEQ ID — 50% 49% 51% 49% 48% 83% 51% No. 8 SEQ ID 50% — 51% 52% 69% 51% 67% 51% No. 9 SEQ ID 49% 51% — 76% 52% 52% 63% 56% No. 10 SEQ ID 41% 50% 76% — 52% 51% 58% 52% No. 11 SEQ ID 49% 52% 52% 52% — 49% 71% 51% No. 12 SEQ ID 48% 51% 52% 51% 49% — 54% 53% No. 13 SEQ ID 83% 67% 63% 58% 71% 55% — 72% No. 14 SEQ ID 51% 51% 56% 52% 51% 53% 72% — No. 15

(13) TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Percentage sequence identity of the conserved amino acid sequence segments A to O. Sequence identity relative to the sequence ID no. 1 Segment Segment Segment Segment Segment Segment Polypeptide A B C D E F SEQ ID No. 1  100%  100%  100%  100%  100%  100% SEQ ID No. 2 59.6% 76.9% 88.9% 87.7% 77.3% 76.5% SEQ ID No. 3 63.0% 76.9% 77.8% 89.5% 86.4% 76.5% SEQ ID No. 4 63.0% 80.8% 77.8% 91.2% 86.4% 76.5% SEQ ID No. 5 63.0% 76.9% 77.8% 87.7% 86.4% 76.5% SEQ ID No. 6 63.0% 80.8% 77.8% 91.2% 86.4% 76.5% SEQ ID No. 7 44.7% 69.2% 77.8% 78.9% 68.2% 64.7% SEQ ID No. 8 40.7% 50.0% 66.7% 82.5% 59.1% 64.7% SEQ ID No. 9 51.9% 57.7% 55.6% 73.7% 45.5% 58.8% SEQ ID No. 10 44.4% 61.5% 77.8% 75.4% 47.8% 76.5% SEQ ID No. 11 44.4% 50.0% 66.7% 71.9% 43.5% 58.8% SEQ ID No. 12 51.9% 53.8% 55.6% 71.9% 50.0% 58.8% SEQ ID No. 13 18.5% 61.5% 55.6% 77.2% 54.5% 52.9% SEQ ID No. 14 55.6% 69.2% 77.8% 84.2% 54.5% 52.9% SEQ ID No. 15 74.1% 86.7% 88.9% 89.0% 77.3% 88.2% Sequence identity relative to the SEQ ID No. 1 Segment Segment Segment Segment Segment Segment Polypeptide G H I J K L SEQ ID No. 1 100%  100%  100%  100%  100%  100% SEQ ID No. 2 100% 87.5% 66.7% 85.7% 80.0% 75.0% SEQ ID No. 3 100% 87.5% 77.8% 57.1% 80.0% 75.0% SEQ ID No. 4 100% 87.5% 77.8% 57.1% 80.0% 75.0% SEQ ID No. 5 100% 87.5% 77.8% 57.1% 80.0% 75.0% SEQ ID No. 6 100% 75.0% 77.8% 85.7% 80.0% 87.5% SEQ ID No. 7 100% 87.5% 66.7% 71.4%  100% 50.0% SEQ ID No. 8 100% 62.5% 44.4% 57.1% 80.0% 62.5% SEQ ID No. 9 100% 12.5% 44.4% 42.9% 60.0% 62.5% SEQ ID No. 10 100% 62.5% 55.6% 71.4% 80.0% 50.0% SEQ ID No. 11 100% 50.0% 55.6% 57.1% 80.0% 50.0% SEQ ID No. 12 100% 12.5% 22.2% 57.1% 80.0% 52.5% SEQ ID No. 13 100% 50.0% 44.4% 57.1% 80.0% 75.0% SEQ ID No. 14  0%  8.3%   0% 14.3%   0% 25.0% SEQ ID No. 15 100% 87.5%  100% 85.7%  100% 75.0% Sequence identity relative to the SEQ ID No. 1 Polypeptide Segment M Segment N Segment O SEQ ID No. 1  100%  100%  100% SEQ ID No. 2 87.5% 80.0% 81.8% SEQ ID No. 3 87.0% 80.0% 81.8% SEQ ID No. 4 87.5% 80.0% 81.8% SEQ ID No. 5 87.5% 80.0% 81.8% SEQ ID No. 6 87.5% 80.0% 72.7% SEQ ID No. 7 75.0% 40.0% 36.4% SEQ ID No. 8 75.0% 60.0% 54.5% SEQ ID No. 9 62.5% 40.0% 54.5% SEQ ID No. 10 62.5% 40.0% 54.5% SEQ ID No. 11 75.0% 40.0% 54.5% SEQ ID No. 12  100% 40.0% 54.5% SEQ ID No. 13 50.0% 40.0% 63.6% SEQ ID No. 14  6.2%   0%   0% SEQ ID No. 15 87.5% 80.0% 63.6%

Example 3: Hydrolysis of ZEN by Polypeptides in Cell Lysates

(14) To determine their ability to degrade ZEN into the nontoxic or less toxic metabolites HZEN and DHZEN, the polypeptide with the sequence ID no. 1, coded by the nucleotide sequence having the sequence ID no. 17 was synthesized as such and with a C-terminal and/or N-terminal 6×His tag in E. coli as described in example 1. The polypeptides with the amino acid sequences having the sequence ID numbers 2 to 15 which were coded by the nucleotide sequences having the sequence ID numbers 18 to 31, were labeled with 6×His exclusively at the C-terminus. 100 mL portions of an E. coli culture having an optical density (OD 600 nm) of 2.0-2.5 were harvested by centrifugation at 4° C. and resuspended in 20 mL Brunner mineral medium (DSMZ microorganisms medium number 462, 2012). The cell suspensions were lysed by treating three times with a French press at 20,000 psi. The resulting cell lysates were used in a 1:10, 1:100 or 1:1000 dilution prepared in Brunner mineral medium including 0.1 mg/mL BSA (bovine serum albumin). For the ZEN degradation experiments, 9.9 mL Brunner mineral medium was used, including 0.1 mg/mL BSA, 0.1 mL dilute cell lysate and 31 μL ZEN substrate stock solution. On the whole, the cell lysates were thus diluted 1:1000, 1:10,000 and/or 1:100,000. The ZEN substrate stock solution used was a 2.08 mM ZEN solution (40 vol % CAN+60 vol % H.sub.2O). To prepare this solution, ZEN in crystalline form (Biopure Standard from Romer Labs, article no. 001109, purity at least 98%) was weighed and dissolved accordingly. Each degradation batch was carried out in 25 mL glass vials and incubated at 25° C. and 100 rpm for a total of 120 hours with agitation. At the times 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 5, 24, 47, 72 and 120 h, a sample of 1 mL was taken each time, the polypeptides were heat inactivated for 10 minutes at 99° C. and stored at −20° C. After thawing the sample, the insoluble constituents were separated by centrifugation. ZEN, HZEN and DHZEN were analyzed by means of LC/MS/MS. To do so, the metabolites were separated chromatographically on a Phenomenex Luna C18(2) column having the dimensions 250 mm×3 mm and a particle size of 5 μm, using as the mobile phase an acetonitrile-water mixture with a formic acid concentration of 1 mL/L. The UV signal at 270 nm was recorded using electrospray ionization (ESI) as the ionizing source. ZEN, HZEN and DHZEN were quantified by means of QTrap/LC/MS/MS (triple quadrupole, Applied Biosystems) in the enhanced mode. After 24 hours at the latest, substantial amounts of ZEN could not be detected any more in any of the batches. Most of the ZEN, i.e., more than 80%, was converted into HZEN or DHZEN.

(15) FIG. 1 shows the degradation of ZEN over time and the increase in HZEN as well as DHZEN for a 1:10,000 diluted cell lysate solution as an example for untagged (FIG. 1A) as well as for C-terminal 6×His tagged (FIG. 1B) and N-terminal 6×His tagged (FIG. 1C) polypeptide with the sequence ID no. 1. It can be seen here clearly that 1) the reaction of ZEN takes place directly and completely because almost no ZEN could be detected any longer in the first sample (0 h), which was taken immediately after the start of the experiment, and 2) no mentionable losses of activity occurred as a result of attaching a tag, whether C-terminal or N-terminal.

Example 4: Hydrolysis of ZEN Derivatives by Polypeptides in Cell Lysates

(16) To determine the capability of polypeptides to also transform ZEN derivatives, in addition to ZEN, into nontoxic and/or less toxic metabolites, the polypeptides having the sequence ID numbers 1 to 15 were prepared as described in Example 3 with C-terminal His tag and the respective synthetic nucleotide sequences with the sequences having sequence ID numbers 17 to 31 were used as the cell lysates in degradation 15.

(17) The degradation experiments were performed as described in Example 3, where each polypeptide was tested with each ZEN derivative selected from the group comprised of α-ZEL, β-ZEL, α-ZAL, β-ZAL, Z14G, Z14S and ZAN, The cell lysates were used in a total dilution of 1:10,000. Instead of a 2.08 mM ZEN solution (40 vol % CAN+60 vol % H.sub.2O), equimolar, i.e., 2.08 mM solutions of the ZEN derivatives were used as the substrate stock solution. α-ZEL, β-ZEL, α-ZAL, β-ZAL and ZAN were obtained from Sigma and used as standards for the analysis. Z14G and Z14S were prepared in a purity of at least 90% according to the methods such as those described by P. Krenn et al., 2007 (Mykotoxin Research, 23, 4, 180-184) and M. Sulyok et al., 2007 (Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 289, 1505-1523) and used as standards for the analysis. Another difference in comparison with Example 3 is that only one sample was taken, namely after 24 hours. The reduction in concentration of the ZEN derivatives during the degradation experiment was quantified by means of LC/MS/MS. α-ZEL, β-ZEL, Z14G and Z14S were measured by the method of M. Sulyok et al. (2010, Food Chemistry, 119, 408-416); α-ZAL, β-ZAL and ZAN were measured by the method of P. Songsermaskul et al. (2011, J. of Animal Physiol. and Animal Nutr., 97, 155-161). It was surprisingly found that only 0 to max. 13% of the starting amounts of the ZEN derivatives was present after 24 hours of incubation in all the degradation experiments.

Example 5: Specific Activity and Enzyme Kinetic Parameters of the Polypeptides as Well as Variants Thereof

(18) The specific activity of the polypeptides and variants thereof was determined photometrically, wherein all the polypeptides used had a C-terminal 6×His tag. The preparation, enrichment and purification of the polypeptides and/or variants thereof were performed as described in example 1. Degradation of ZEN to HZEN was measured on the basis of the reduction in absorption at the wavelength of 315 nm. The molar extinction coefficients (ϵ) of ZEN and HZEN were determined experimentally and were found to amount to 0.0078895 L μmol.sup.−1 cm.sup.−1 and 0.0030857 L ρmol.sup.−1 cm.sup.−1. The extinction coefficients have a strong dependence on pH and therefore the activity must always be measured precisely at the same pH and preferably also in the same matrix. The measurements were performed in a 50 mM Tris-HCl pH=8.2 buffer solution in quartz cuvettes in a wavelength range of 200 to 2500 nm in a UV-VIS photometer (Hitachi U-2001) at 32° C.

(19) A 2.08 mM ZEN solution (40 vol % ACN+60 vol % H.sub.2O) was used as the ZEN substrate stock solution. To prepare this solution, ZEN in crystalline form (Biopure Standard from Romer Labs, article no. 001109, purity at least 98%) was weighed and dissolved accordingly. The ZEN substrate dilutions (0.79 μM, 1.57 μM, 2.36 μM, 3.14 μM, 4.71 μM, 6.28 μM, 7.85 μM, 9.42 μM, 10.99 μM, 12.56 μM, 14.13 μM, 15.71 μM, 17.28 μM and 18.85 μM) were prepared with 50 mM Tris-HCl pH=8.2. The polypeptide solutions were diluted to a final concentration of approximately 70 ng/mL using 50 mM Tris-HCl buffer pH=8.2. The ZEN substrate dilutions were preheated to 32° C. in a water bath. 100 μL portions of the respective ZEN substrate dilution were mixed with 0.2 μL polypeptide solution, and the absorption was measured for 5 minutes, whereupon each combination of polypeptide solution and ZEN substrate dilution was measured at least twice.

(20) Taking into account the extinction coefficients of ZEN and HZEN, the reaction rate was calculated for each substance concentration on the basis of the slope in the absorption over time.

(21) The designations “K.sub.M value” or “Michaelis-Menten constant” relate to a parameter for describing the enzymatic affinity of the units μM or mM, which are calculated with the help of the linear Hanes plots according to H. Bisswang (2002, Enzyme Kinetics, ISBN 3-527-30343-X, page 19), wherein the function “enzyme kinetics, single substrate” in the SigmaPlot 12.0 program is preferably used for this purpose. The designations “catalytic constant of the enzyme reaction” or “k.sub.cat value” relate to a parameter for describing the conversion rate of a polypeptide and/or enzyme, which is given in s- and is preferably calculated with the help of the “enzyme kinetic, single substrate” function of the SigmaPlot 12.0 program. The “maximum enzyme rate” or “v.sub.max value” is given in units of μM/s or mM/s and is determined with the help of the linear Hanes plot by analogy with the K.sub.M value, wherein the function “enzyme kinetic, single substrate” of the SigmaPlot 12.0 program is preferably used for this.

(22) The specific activity was calculated by means of v.sub.max and the enzyme concentration used according to the equation

(23) $\mathrm{Specific}\mathrm{activity}\left(U/\mathrm{mg}\right)=\frac{v_{\max }\left(\mathrm{.Math.M}/s\right)\times 60\left(s/\min \right)}{\mathrm{enzyme}\mathrm{concentration}\left(\mathrm{mg}/L\right)}$
wherein one unit is defined as hydrolysis of 1 μmol ZEN per minute at 32° C. in 50 mM Tris-HCl buffer solution, pH=8.2.

(24) The raw data for determination of the enzyme parameters K.sub.M, v.sub.max, k.sub.cat and the specific activity are given below for the polypeptide having the sequence ID no. 1. Table 3 shows the reaction rates at the respective ZEN substrate concentrations, while FIG. 2 shows the respective Michaelis-Menton graphs and Table 4 shows the corresponding enzyme kinetic parameters. The enzyme solution that was used had a concentration of 68 ng/L.

(25) TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Reaction rates of the polypeptide with sequence ID no. 1 at different ZEN concentrations. ZEN substrate Measurement 1 Measurement 2 dilution (μM) reaction rate (μM/s) reaction rate (μM/s) 0.79 0.0073 0.0071 1.57 0.0087 0.0082 2.36 0.0095 0.0080 3.14 0.0101 0.0073 4.71 0.0103 0.0087 6.28 0.0096 0.0088 7.85 0.0084 0.0088 9.42 0.0111 0.0087 10.99 0.0093 0.0081 12.56 0.0100 0.0086 14.13 0.0089 0.0101 15.71 0.0089 0.0090 17.28 0.0100 0.0074 18.85 0.0100 0.0085

(26) TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 Enzyme kinetics parameters of the polypeptide having sequence ID no. 1. Specific activity v.sub.max (μM/s) K.sub.M (μM) k.sub.cat (s.sup.−1) (U/mg) Measurement 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 Value 0.00993 0.008756 0.2172 0.1898 5.44 4.79 8.76 7.73 Average 0.009343 0.2035 5.12 8.25

(27) The specific activities of the polypeptides tested are 8.25 U/mg for sequence ID no. 1, 10.56 U/mg for sequence ID no. 2, 8.36 U/mg for sequence ID no. 3, 8.33 U/mg for sequence ID no. 4, 8.56 U/mg for sequence ID no. 5, 9.95 U/mg for sequence ID no. 6, 3.83 U/mg for sequence ID no. 7, 2.57 U/mg for sequence ID no. 8, 4.87 U/mg for sequence ID no. 9, 5.12 U/mg for sequence ID no. 10, 3.88 U/mg for sequence ID no. 11, 2.78 U/mg for sequence ID no. 12, 6.43 U/mg for sequence ID no. 13, 3.33 U/mg for sequence ID no. 14 and 7.76 U/mg for sequence ID no. 15.

(28) The specific activities of the polypeptide variants tested are listed in Table 5 and Table 6.

(29) TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 5 Specific activity of functional variants of the polypeptides having sequence ID no. 1; conserved amino acid sequence segments, in which the mutation(s) is/are located, and sequence identity of the functional variants for the parental sequence having sequence ID no. 1. The position of the mutations is given in relation to the amino acid sequence having sequence ID no. 1. The sequence identity was determined by means of BLAST, as described in Example 2. Identity Specific Mutation(s) with SEQ activity n Mutation(s) in range ID No. 1 (U/mg) ZH1-A-001 N25D A 99.7% 8.10 ZH1-A-002 F27Y A 99.7% 7.93 ZH1-A-003 F27H A 99.7% 7.78 ZH1-A-004 R35K A 99.7% 8.98 ZH1-A-005 R35Q A 99.7% 8.56 ZH1-A-006 N25D/S29P/V421/V43T A 98.8% 7.84 ZH1-A-007 I26V/R31A/F32Y/F46Y A 98.8% 8.61 ZH1-A-S02 N25D/I26V/F27Y/529P/R31A/F32Y/ A 96.6% 8.73 R35K/V37A/V42I/V43T/F46Y ZH1-A-S03 N25D/I26V/F27H/S29P/R31A/F32Y/ A 97.0% 8.52 R35Q/V42I/V43T/F46Y ZH1-B-001 D53G B 99.7% 8.10 ZH1-B-002 N54M B 99.7% 8.41 ZH1-B-003 N54R B 99.7% 8.33 ZH1-B-004 S69G B 99.7% 8.06 ZH1-B-005 P72E B 99.7% 8.65 ZH1-B-006 P72R B 99.7% 8.78 ZH1-B-S02 N54M/L57V/L60I/569G/P72E/V73A B 98.2% 8.51 ZH1-B-S03 D53G/N54R/L57V/L60I/P72E/V73A B 98.2% 8.56 ZH1-B-S04 N54R/L57V/L60I/P72E/V73A B 98.5% 8.96 ZH1-B-S14 N54R/L58V/L59P/L60V/T64G/P72R/ B 97.6% 8.68 G75P/L77P ZH1-C-001 N80H C 99.7% 8.24 ZH1-C-002 N80D C 99.7% 8.48 ZH1-C-003 F84Y C 99.7% 8.65 ZH1-C-S06 N80H/F84Y C 99.4% 8.88 ZH1-C-S10 N80H/F84H C 99.4% 8.32 ZH1-C-S14 E79R/N80D C 99.4% 8.45 ZH1-D-001 T95S D 99.7% 8.53 ZH1-D-002 R99K D 99.7% 8.25 ZH1-D-003 V123I D 99.7% 8.17 ZH1-D-004 A125G D 99.7% 8.36 ZH1-D-005 G126A D 99.7% 8.41 ZH1-D-006 G130A D 99.7% 8.69 ZH1-D-007 G130V D 99.7% 8.54 ZH1-D-008 G131A D 99.7% 8.71 ZH1-D-009 N127D D 99.7% 8.29 ZH1-D-010 N1270 D 99.7% 8.34 ZH1-D-011 A1415 D 99.7% 8.67 ZH1-D-012 F106W D 99.7% 7.84 ZH1-D-013 I118V D 99.7% 8.37 ZH1-D-014 I118V/V123L D 99.4% 8.55 ZH1-D-015 I118V/K119R/L132V D 99.1% 8.86 ZH1-D-016 W960/F106W/L116G/V122A D 98.8% 8.65 ZH1-D-017 Q91R/N105D/K119G/A1415/M142K D 98.5% 8.46 ZH1-D-S02 T955/197A/R99K/I118V/V123I/L132 D 97.7% 8.66 V/A1415 ZH1-D-S03 I955/R99K/I118V/K119R/L132V/A1 D 98.2% 9.32 41S ZH1-D-S04 I955/R99K/I118V/L132V/A141S D 98.5% 9.15 ZH1-D-S05 I955/R99K/I114M/I118V/K119R/L13 D 97.7% 8.84 2V/A141S ZH1-D-S07 R99G/A115D/K119G/P121T/V1231/A D 96.3% 8.79 I255/L132V/L133V/S138A/Y140F/A 141S/M142L ZH1-D-S08 R93K/W96Q/R99G/D104N/N105L/F D 97.0% 8.86 106M/A115S/V123I/A1255/G144N ZH1-D-S09 R99G/5102N/D104N/N105T/F106W/ D 95.4% 8.99 L110V/V111E/A115D/K119G/V122T/ V123L/L132V/L133I/S138A/M142K ZH1-D-S10 W96R/S1021/F106I/I114L/A115S/L1 D 96.0% 9.12 16G/K119G/V122A/V123F/A125S/A 134S/Y140F/M142E ZH1-D-S11 W96R/R99G/S102T/F106V/I114L/A1 D 95.1% 8.54 15D/L116G/K119G/V122A/V123F/A 125S/N127L/L133A/A1345/Y140F/M 142K ZH1-D-S12 S94T/R99G/S102T/N105I/L110V/A1 D 95.1% 8.69 15D/K119G/P121E/V122T/V123L/V1 24I/L133I/A134G/S138A/Y140F/M14 2K ZH1-D-S13 R93Q/R99G/N105T/R112K/A115D/L D 96.0% 8.47 116I/A125S/N127L/L132V/L133V/A1 34S/Y140F/M142K ZH1-D-S14 Q91R/W96R/N105D/I114L/I118V/K1 D 97.3% 8.55 19R/V122A/L132V/L137S ZH1-E-001 Y165C E 99.7% 8.46 ZH1-E-002 Y165H E 99.7% 8.33 ZH1-E-003 P163T E 99.7% 7.95 ZH1-E-004 A154P/Y165C E 99.4% 8.13 ZH1-E-S02 P163T/A164T/Y165C/V169I/L170R E 98.5% 8.83 ZH1-E-S05 A154P/Y165H/L170R E 99.1% 9.65 ZH1-F-001 Y180F F 99.7% 8.35 ZH1-F-002 D182T F 99.7% 8.41 ZH1-F-003 D182K F 99.7% 8.19 ZH1-F-004 Y180F/R181V/I190V F 99.1% 8.56 ZH1-F-S04 Y180F/D182T/F183Y/I190V/G191S F 98.5% 8.56 ZH1-F-S06 Y180F/D182T/F183Y/I190V F 98.8% 8.64 ZH1-F-S10 E178A/R181V/D182K/F183Y F 98.8% 7.55 ZH1-H-001 T236K H 99.7% 8.09 ZH1-H-002 V237F H 99.7% 8.11 ZH1-H-003 E234G H 99.7% 8.54 ZH1-H-S02 F233W H 99.7% 8.37 ZH1-H-S03 F233Y H 99.7% 8.64 ZH1-H-S04 F233H H 99.7% 8.36 ZH1-H-S06 A231V/F233Y H 99.4% 8.54 ZH1-H-S09 F232W/F233A/E234T/G235D/L239A H 98.5% 8.83 ZH1-I-001 H240N 1 99.7% 8.54 ZH1-I-002 H240S 1 99.7% 8.79 ZH1-I-003 D244E/R245Y 1 99.4% 8.42 ZH1-I-S02 D244E/R245Q/M246L 1 99.1% 8.36 ZH1-I-S03 H240N/D244E 1 99.4% 9.26 ZH1-I-S06 H2405/D244E 1 99.4% 9.02 ZH1-I-S07 L2390/H240T/R245Y 1 99.1% 8.41 ZH1-J-001 Q249R J 99.7% 8.36 ZH1-J-002 T252V J 99.7% 7.94 ZH1-J-S02 I254V J 99.7% 8.55 ZH1-J-S03 Q249R/K251N/I254V J 99.1% 9.03 ZH1-J-S507 T252V/I254M J 99.4% 7.81 ZH1-J-S10 T252V/I254V J 99.4% 7.97 ZH1-K-505 A260M K 99.7% 8.64 ZH1-K-511 A260F K 99.7% 8.82 ZH1-K-513 A2605 K 99.7% 9.01 ZH1-L-001 E266Y L 99.7% 8.46 ZH1-L-002 E266D L 99.7% 8.31 ZH1-L-003 T262G L 99.7% 8.32 ZH1-L-004 T262D/E266D/ L 99.4% 8.56 ZH1-L-005 T262G/I263T/ L 99.4% 8.68 ZH1-L-S02 E266D/E269H L 99.4% 8.59 ZH1-L-S04 I263T/E269N L 99.4% 8.73 ZH1-L-S06 E269N L 99.7% 8.69 ZH1-L-S13 E266Y/E269N L 99.4% 8.33 ZH1-M-001 L274M M 99.7% 8.29 ZH1-M-002 L274C M 99.7% 8.37 ZH1-M-S02 L277E M 99.7% 8.96 ZH1-M-S07 L274M/A279V M 99.4% 8.23 ZH1-M-S08 L274T/L277F M 99.4% 8.63 ZH1-M-S11 L2740/L277I M 99.4% 8.51 ZH1-N-001 H297L N 99.7% 8.27 ZH1-N-002 H298V/L302S N 99.4% 9.03 ZH1-N-S02 H298V N 99.7% 8.94 ZH1-N-S09 H298L/P299D N 99.4% 8.37 ZH1-O-001 L307Q O 99.7% 8.62 ZH1-O-002 F308S O 99.7% 8.57 ZH1-O-S02 L307Q/A311P O 99.4% 8.34 ZH1-O-S03 L307Q/F308S O 99.4% 8.74 ZH1-O-S06 L307Q/F308S/D309A O 99.1% 9.18 ZH1-B/H- D53G/N54R/L57V/L60I/P72E/V73A/ B + H 97.3% 9.26 001 F233V/E234G/V237F ZH1-C/D- N8OH/F84Y/T95S/R99K/I118V/K119 C + D 97.6% 9.31 001 R/L132V/A141S ZH1-D/K- T95S/T97A/R99K/I118V/V123I/L132 D + K 97.6% 9.66 001 V/A141S/A260M ZH1-D/M- T95S/T97A/R99K/I118V/V123I/L132 D + M 97.6% 10.63 001 V/A141S/L277E ZH1-K/N- A260M/H298V K + N 99.4% 8.94 001 ZH1-K/L- A260M/I262D/E266D/E269H K + L 98.8% 9.03 001 ZH1-K/L- A260M/1262G/I263T/E269N K + L 98.8% 8.84 002 ZH1-N/O- Q296A/H298V/L3070/A311P N + O 98.8% 9.26 001 ZH1-N/O- Q296E/H298V/L302S/L3070/F308S N + O 98.5% 9.46 002 ZH1-C/D/J- N80H/F84Y/I95S/R99K/I118V/L132 C + D + J 97.0% 9.97 001 V/A141S/Q249R/K251N/I254V ZH1-B/D/K- D53G/N54R/L57V/L60I/P72E/V73A/ B + D + K 95.7% 10.78 001 T95S/R99K/I114M/I18V/K119R/L13 2V/A141S/A260M ZH-J/K/L- I254V/I256L/A260M/T262G/I263T/E J + K + L 98.2 % 9.11 001 269N ZH1- I254V/I256L/A260M/T262D/E266D/E J + K + 97.7% 9.14 J/K/LM-001 269H/L271V L + M ZH1- E79R/N80D/D53G/N54R/L57V/L60I/ B + C + 92.1% 11.31 B/C/D/J- P72E/V73A/W96R/R99G/S102T/F10 D + J 002 6V/I114L/A115D/L116G/K119G/V12 2A/V123F/A125S/N127L/L133A/A13 4S/Y140F/M142K/1252V/1254V ZH1-DEL- ΔP212 — 99.7% 8.56 001 ZH1-DEL- ΔG5/ΔT6/AR7/ΔS8/ΔE9/ΔA10/ΔA11/ — 95.4% 8.37 002 ΔD12/ΔA13/ΔA14/ΔT15/ΔQ16/ΔA17/ ΔR18/ΔQ19 ZH1-DEL- ΔN327/ΔD328 — 99.4% 8.27 003 ZH1-A/B/C- N25D/I26V/F27Y/S29P/R31A/F32Y/ A + B + C 89.6% 9.54 001 R35K/V37A/V42I/V43T/F46Y/N54R/ L58V/L59P/L60V/T64G/P72R/G75P/ L77P/R99G/S102N/D104N/N105T/F 106W/L110V/V111E/A115D/K119G/ V122T/V123L/L132V/L133I/S138A/M 142K ZH1- ΔG5/ΔT6/ΔR7/ΔS8/ΔE9/ΔA10/AA11/ B + C + 86.6% 11.52 DEL/B/C/D/ ΔD12/ΔA13/ΔA14/ΔT15/ΔQ16/ΔA17/ D + J J-001 ΔR18/ΔQ19/ΔP212/ΔN327/ΔD328/E 79R/N80D/D53G/N54R/L57V/L60I/P 72E/V73A/W96R/R99G/S102T/F106 V/I114L/A115D/L116G/K119G/V122 A/V123F/A125S/N127L/L133A/A134 S/Y140F/M142K/T252V/I254V ZH1- AG5/ΔT6/ΔR7/ΔS8/ΔE9/ΔA10/ΔA11/ A + B + 83.3% 10.92 DEL/A/B/C/ ΔD12/ΔA13/ΔA14/AT15/AQ16/ΔA17/ C + D + J D/J-001 ΔR18/ΔQ19/ΔP212/ΔN327/ΔD328/N 25D/I26V/F27Y/S29P/R31A/F32Y/R 35K/V37A/V42I/V431/F46Y/E79R/N 80D/D53G/N54R/L57V/L601/P72E/V 73A/W96R/R99G/S1021/F106V/I114 L/A115D/L116G/K119G/V122A/V123 F/A125S/N127L/L133A/A1345/Y140 F/M142K/T252V/I254V ZH1-001 L302S — 99.7% 8.31

(30) TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 6 Specific activities of functional variants of the polypeptide having sequence ID no. 2. The position of the mutation(s) is relative to the amino acid sequence with sequence ID no. 2. The sequence identity was determined by means of BLAST as described in example 2. Identity Specific with SEQ activity Variant Mutation(s) ID No. 2 (U/mg) ZH2-001 D3D(GTRSEAADAATQARQL) 93.6% 10.15 ZH2-002 D8N/V9I/Y10F 99.0% 10.42 ZH2-003 M37N/E55P/A56V/V101I/S124A/F194 97.0% 10.58 FP/T146P/T147A/C148Y ZH2-004 S187P/S188A/P189K/M190A/A191M/ 97.7% 10.43 R192Q/Y193L ZH2-005 A262E/R263H/R2650/L266D/L2671/M 97.7% 10.68 268I/E269R ZH2-006 D3D(GTRSEAADAATQARQL)/M37N/ 86.1% 10.71 E55P/A56V/V101I/S124A/F194FP/T14 6P/T147A/C148Y/S187P/S188A/P189 K/M190A/A191M/R192Q/Y193L/A262 E/R263H/R265Q/L266D/L267I/M268I/ E269R

Example 6: Degradation of ZEN and ZEN Derivatives in Contaminated Corn

(31) To determine the capabilities of polypeptides to degrade naturally occurring ZEN and ZEN derivatives in a complex matrix and at a low pH, contaminated corn was mixed with different concentrations of one of the polypeptides having the sequence ID numbers 1 to 6 and the degradation of ZEN and ZEN derivatives was tracked.

(32) The contaminated corn was ground and used in the degradation experiment wherein a batch would consist of 1 g ground contaminated corn, 8.9 mL 100 mM acetate buffer pH 4.0 and 0.1 mL polypeptide solution. Enriched and purified polypeptide solutions were prepared as described in example 5, diluting them to a concentration of 10 mU/mL, 100 mU/mL and/or 1000 mU/mL. Thus in absolute amounts 1 mU (=1 mU per gram corn), 10 mU (=10 mU per gram corn) and/or 100 mU (=100 mU per gram of corn) were used in the batch. Each degradation batch was carried out in 25 mL and incubated at 37° C. and 100 rpm with agitation. Before adding the enzyme and/or after 1 hour of incubation, a sample of 1 mL was taken, the polypeptide was heat inactivated at 99° C. for 10 minutes and the sample was stored at −20° C. After thawing the sample, the insoluble constituents were separated by centrifugation. Concentrations of ZEN and ZEN derivatives were measured by means of LC/MS/MS as described by M. Sulyok et al. (2007, Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 289, 1505-1523). The ZEN and ZEN derivative content in this corn was 238 ppb for ZEN, 15 ppb for α-ZEL, 23 ppb for β-ZEL, 32 ppb for Z14G and 81 ppb for Z14S. Table 7 shows the percentage reduction in the ZEN and ZEN derivative content in the degradation experiment.

(33) TABLE-US-00007 TABLE 7 Reduction in ZEN and ZEN derivatives in percentage based on the starting content in the degradation experiment with different polypeptides and amounts of polypeptides. Amount in Polypeptide the batch ZEN α-ZEL β-ZEL Z14G Z14S SEQ 0.1 mU 83% >80% 70%  78% 80% ID No. 1 1 mU 96% >80% 76% >80% 92% 10 mU 97% >80% >85%  >80% 94% SEQ 0.1 mU 87% >80% 73% >80% 84% ID No. 2 1 mU 97% >80% 78% >80% 90% 10 mU 99% >80% >85%  >80% 96% SEQ 0.1 mU 79%  79% 67%  73% 75% ID No. 3 1 mU 85% >80% 72%  79% 82% 10 mU 92% >80% 78% >80% 88% SEQ 0.1 mU 82%  78% 65%  76% 80% ID No. 4 1 mU 89% >80% 73% >80% 86% 10 mU 93% >80% 82% >80% 91% SEQ 0.1 mU 79%  76% 66%  78% 80% ID No. 5 1 mU 83% >80% 73% >80% 81% 10 mU 91% >80% 79% >80% 86% SEQ 0.1 mU 93% >80% 75% >80% 90% ID No. 6 1 mU 95% >80% 82% >80% 92% 10 mU 98% >80% >85%  >80% 96%

Example 7: Additives Containing Polypeptide for Hydrolytic Cleavage of ZEN and/or ZEN Derivatives

(34) To prepare additives for hydrolytic cleavage of ZEN, fermentation supernatants of polypeptides expressed by P. pastoris and having the sequence ID numbers 1, 2, 6 and 13 were purified by microfiltration and ultrafiltration (exclusion limit: 10 kDa) under standard conditions and concentrated up to a dry substance concentration of approximately 9% by weight. Following that, these polypeptide-containing solutions were also processed further to form dry powders under standard conditions in a spray dryer (Mini B290 from Büchi). These four powders were subsequently designated as Z1, Z2, Z6 and Z13. Z1, Z2, Z6 and/or Z13 were additionally mixed with bentonite having an average grain size of approximately 1 μm in a ratio of 1% by weight of additives Z1, Z2, Z6 and/or Z13 and 99% by weight bentonite in an overhead agitator. The resulting additives are designated as additives Z1.B, Z2.B, Z6.B and Z13.B. In addition, Z1, Z2, Z6 and Z13 were mixed with bentonite and a vitamin trace element concentrate in a ratio of 0.1% by weight additive Z1, Z2, Z6 and/or Z13, 0.9% by weight vitamin trace elements concentrate and 99% by weight bentonite in an overhead agitator. The resulting additives were designated as additive Z1.BVS, Z2.BVS, Z6.BVS and Z13.BVS. 100 g of the additives Z1.BVS, Z2.BVS, Z6.BVS and Z13.BVS contained 200 mg iron sulfate, 50 mg copper sulfate, 130 mg zinc oxide, 130 mg manganese oxide, 2.55 mg calcium carbonate, 160 mg vitamin E, 6.5 mg vitamin K3, 6.5 mg vitamin B1, 14 mg vitamin B2, 15 mg vitamin B6, 0.15 mg vitamin B12, 150 mg nicotinic acid, 30 mg pantothenic acid and 5.3 mg folic acid.

(35) The additives were extracted for 30 minutes in a 50 mM Tris-HCl buffer pH=8.2 and diluted further in the same buffer so that the final concentration of polypeptide was approximately 70 ng/mL.

(36) Following that, the zearalenone-degrading effect of these solutions was determined as described in Example 5. The corresponding activities were 8.230 U/g for Z1, 9.310 U/g for Z2, 9.214 U/g for Z6, 83 U/g for Z1.B, 92 U/g for Z2.B, 90 U/g for Z2.C, 57 U/g for Z13.B, 8 U/g for Z1.BVS, 9 U/g for Z2.BVS, 9 U/g for Z6.BVS and 6 U/g for Z13.BVS.

(37) The ability to degrade ZEN derivatives α-ZEL, β-ZEL, α-ZAL, β-ZAL, Z14G, Z14S and ZAN by the additives Z1, Z2, Z6, Z13, Z1.B, Z2.B, Z6.B, Z13.B, Z1.BVS, Z2.BVS, Z6.BVS and Z13.BVS was tested as described in Example 4, but instead of 100 μL of a cell lysate, 100 μL of a polypeptide solution with a polypeptide concentration of approximately 70 ng/mL was used. After incubating for 6 hours, only max. 15% of the starting amount was present as unhydrolyzed ZEN derivative.

Example 8: Optimum Temperature

(38) To determine the temperature optimum of the polypeptides having SEQ ID numbers 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 9, 11, 12 and 15, they were cloned with a C-terminal 6×His tag as described in example 1, expressed in E. coli and purified. In preliminary experiments, the concentration at which a complete conversion of ZEN could be ensured under the experimental conditions was determined (Teorell-Stenhagen buffer (Teorell and Stenhagen, A universal buffer for the pH range of 2.0 to 12.0. Biochem Ztschrft, 1938, 299:416-419), pH 7.5 with 0.1 mg/mL BSA at 30° C.) after an experimental time of 3 hours. The preparations were used in the concentrations thus determined in the degradation batches for determining the optimum temperature. The experiments were carried out in a PCR Cycler (Eppendorf) using the temperature gradient function at 20° C.±10° C., at 40° C.±10° C. and, if necessary, at 60° C.±10° C. (10 temperatures in the respective range; temperatures predefined by the PCR cycler). For the batches Teorell-Stenhagen buffer was mixed with the corresponding enzyme concentration and 0.1 mg/mL BSA plus 5 ppm ZEN at the respective optimum pH. Batches with 0.1 mg/mL BSA and 5 ppm ZEN without addition of an enzyme were used as negative controls. After 0 h, 0.5 h, 1 h, 2 h and 3 h incubation time, a sample was taken per incubation temperature, heat inactivated for 10 minutes at 99° C. and stored at −20° C. After thawing, the samples were transferred to HPLC vials. ZEN, HZEN and DHZEN were analyzed by HPLC-DAD. To do so the metabolites were separated chromatographically on a Zorbax SB-Aq C18 column with the dimensions 4.6 mm×150 mm and a particle size of 5 μm. A methanol-water mixture with 5 mM ammonium acetate was used as the mobile phase. The UV signal at 274 nm was recorded. The metabolites were quantified by including entrained standard series. The optimum temperatures were determined on the basis of the slopes determined for the degradation curves, where the optimum temperature was defined as the temperature at which the slope was the greatest. Table 8 shows the optimum temperatures.

(39) TABLE-US-00008 TABLE 8 Optimum temperatures of the polypeptides. SEQ ID SEQ ID SEQ ID SEQ ID SEQ ID SEQ ID SEQ ID SEQ ID SEQ ID No. 1 No. 2 No. 5 No. 6 No. 7 No. 9 No. 11 No. 12 No. 15 38° C. 41° C. 50° C. 51° C. 31° C. 35° C. 50° C. 26° C. 41° C.

Example 9: Thermal Stability

(40) To determine the thermal stability of polypeptides with the SEQ ID numbers 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 9, 11, 12 and 15, they were cloned with a C-terminal 6×His tag as described in Example 1, expressed in E. coli and purified. They were then incubated in the PCR cycler with a gradient function at the respective optimum temperature ±10° C. After 0 min, 15 min, 30 min and 60 min, one sample was taken per batch and per temperature. These pre-incubated samples were then used in a degradation experiment in the Teorell-Stenhagen buffer at the respective optimum pH with 0.1 mg/mL BSA and 5 ppm ZEN. In preliminary experiments, the concentration at which a complete reaction of ZEN could be ensured after an experimental duration of 3 hours under the experimental conditions (Teorell-Stenhagen buffer, pH 7.5 with 0.1 mg/mL BSA at 30° C.) was determined for each polypeptide. The respective enzyme concentration thereby determined was used in the batches. The degradation batches were incubated at 30° C. Sampling was performed after 0 h, 0.5 h, 1 h, 2 h and 3 h incubation time. Next, the polypeptides were heat-inactivated for 10 minutes at 99° C. and the samples were stored at −20° C. After thawing the samples were transferred to HPLC vials and analyzed by HPLC-DAD, as described in Example 8.

(41) Thermal stability is defined as the temperature at which the polypeptides have a 50% residual activity in comparison with the optimum temperature after 15 minutes of pre-incubation. As a measure of the activity, the slope in the degradation curves is used. The temperature stabilities are shown in Table 9.

(42) TABLE-US-00009 TABLE 9 Temperature stability of the polypeptides (50% residual activity after pre-incubation for 15 minutes). SEQ ID SEQ ID SEQ ID SEQ ID SEQ ID SEQ ID SEQ ID SEQ ID SEQ ID No. 1 No. 2 No. 5 No. 6 No. 7 No. 9 No. 11 No. 12 No. 15 38° C. 34° C. 54° C. 61° C. 28° C. 44° C. 55° C. 40° C. 49° C.

Example 10: Optimum pH

(43) To determine the optimum pH of the polypeptides having the SEQ ID numbers 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 9, 11, 12 and 15, they were cloned with a C-terminal 6×His tag as described in Example 1, expressed in E. coli and purified. In preliminary experiments, the concentration at which a complete conversion of ZEN could be ensured after an experimental duration of 3 hours under the experimental conditions was determined for each polypeptide (Teorell-Stenhagen buffer, pH 7.5 with 0.1 mg/mL BSA at 30° C.). The respective enzyme concentration was used in the batches. The degradation batches were carried out in Stenhagen buffer at pH levels of 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 5.5, 6.0, 6.5, 7.0, 7.5, 8.0, 8.5, 9.0, 9.5, 10.0, 11.0 and 12.0. For the degradation batches with 0.1 mg/mL BSA and 5 ppm ZEN, incubation was done at 30° C. Batches in Teorell-Stenhagen buffer were used as the negative controls at pH 3.0, pH 7.0 and pH 12.0 with 0.1 mg/mL BSA and 5 ppm ZEN. Sampling was performed after an incubation time of 0 h, 0.5 h, 1 h, 2 h and 3 h. Next the polypeptides were heat-inactivated for 10 minutes at 99° C. and the samples were stored at −20° C. After thawing, the samples were transferred to HPLC vials and analyzed by HPLC-DAD as described in Example 8. The optimum pH was determined on the basis of the slopes found for the degradation curves, wherein the pH at which the slope was the greatest was defined as the optimum pH. Table 10 shows the optimum pH levels.

(44) TABLE-US-00010 TABLE 10 Optimum pH of the polypeptides. SEQ ID SEQ ID SEQ ID SEQ ID SEQ ID SEQ ID SEQ ID SEQ ID SEQ ID No. 1 No. 2 No. 5 No. 6 No. 7 No. 9 No. 11 No. 12 No. 15 8.2 8.5 7.0-8.0 7.0-7.5 7.5-8.5 7.0-7.5 8.0 7.0-7.5 7.5

Example 11: pH Stability at pH 5.0

(45) To determine the pH stability, the polypeptides from Example 10 were incubated for one hour at 25° C. in Teorell-Stenhagen buffer at pH 5.0 and at the respective optimum pH. These pre-incubated samples were used in a degradation experiment in the same concentrations of the respective polypeptide as those used to determine the optimum pH in 100 mM Tris-HCl buffer at the respective optimum pH with 0.1 mg/mL BSA and 5 pm ZEN in the batch. The batches were incubated at the respective optimum temperature. Sampling was performed after 0 h, 0.5 h, 1 h, 2 h and 3 h incubation time. Next the polypeptides were heat inactivated for 10 minutes at 99° C. and the samples were stored at −20° C. After thawing, the samples were transferred to HPLC vials and analyzed by means of HPLC-DAD as described in Example 8. The pH stability is defined as the percentage residual activity of the polypeptides at pH 5.0 relative to the activity at the respective optimum pH. The pH stabilities for 5.0 are shown in Table 11.

(46) TABLE-US-00011 TABLE 11 pH stability of the polypeptides at pH 5.0. SEQ ID SEQ ID SEQ ID SEQ ID SEQ ID SEQ ID SEQ ID SEQ ID SEQ ID No. 1 No. 2 No. 5 No. 6 No. 7 No. 9 No. 11 No. 12 No. 15 3% 17% 79% 80% 100% 22% 87% 98% 19%

Example 12: ZEN Degradation Experiment

(47) The degradation of ZEN to HZEN and DHZEN was performed as an example for the polypeptides with sequence ID numbers 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 9, 11, 12 and 15. The degradation batches were carried in Teorell-Stenhagen buffer pH 7.5 with 0.1 mg/mL BSA and 5 ppm ZEN. The degradation batches were incubated at 30° C. Sampling was performed after 0 h, 0.5 h, 1 h, 2 h and 3 h incubation time. Next the polypeptides were heat-inactivated for 10 minutes at 99° C. and the samples were stored at −20° C. After thawing, the samples were transferred to HPLC vails and analyzed by HPLC-DAD, as described in Example 8. The polypeptide concentration was selected so that complete degradation was achieved after approximately 3 hours. FIG. 3 shows the degradation kinetics, where the y axis shows the concentration of ZEN, HZEN and DHZEN in micromoles per liter (μmol/L) and the x axis shows the incubation time in hours (h). μM denotes micromolar and corresponds to the unit μmol/L