WASTEGATE ACTUATOR MECHANISM OF A WASTEGATE SYSTEM OF A TURBOCHARGER

Abstract

The invention relates to a wastegate actuator mechanism comprising an elongated link plate and a pin which are rotatable relative to each other. The wastegate actuator mechanism further comprises a sliding assembly including a bushing fixedly connected to the link plate and a sleeve fixedly connected to the pin. Assembly of the wastegate actuator mechanism involves pressing the bushing into the eye of the link plate and allowing material of the link plate to deform and to be received in recessed portions of the bushing in the process and/or arranging the sleeve on the pin and allowing material of the pin to deform and to be received in recessed portions of the sleeve in a process of forming an end section of enlarged diameter on the pin.

Claims

1-30. (canceled)

31. A wastegate actuator mechanism configured to be used in a wastegate system of a turbocharger, wherein the wastegate actuator mechanism comprises an elongated link plate and a pin that is attached to a lever plate, wherein the pin extends partially through an eye provided in the link plate, and wherein the link plate and the pin are rotatable relative to each other about a rotation axis extending in the longitudinal direction of the pin, wherein the wastegate actuator mechanism further comprises a sliding assembly arranged between the link plate and the pin at the position of the eye of the link plate, wherein the sliding assembly comprises a bushing that is fixedly connected to the link plate and a sleeve that is fixedly connected to the pin, and wherein an inner surface of the bushing and an outer surface of the sleeve are in sliding contact, and wherein at an interface of the bushing and the link plate, the bushing is provided with recessed portions and bulges of material of the link plate are received in the recessed portions and/or at an interface of the sleeve and the pin, the sleeve is provided with recessed portions and bulges of material of the pin are received in the recessed portions.

32. The wastegate actuator mechanism according to claim 31, wherein at the interface of the bushing and the link plate, the bushing is provided with recessed portions and bulges of material of the link plate are received in the recessed portions, and wherein the bushing comprises another material than the link plate, the material of the bushing having a higher hardness than the material of the link plate.

33. The wastegate actuator mechanism according to claim 32, wherein the bulges of material of the link plate and the recessed portions of the bushing are configured to prevent relative movement of the link plate and the bushing in a peripheral direction.

34. The wastegate actuator mechanism according to claim 32, wherein the recessed portions of the bushing are distributed on the bushing in a peripheral direction.

35. The wastegate actuator mechanism according to claim 32, wherein the recessed portions of the bushing comprise notches which are arranged in a chamfered outer rim of the bushing.

36. The wastegate actuator mechanism according to claim 35, wherein the chamfered outer rim of the bushing is present at each of two axial ends of the bushing.

37. The wastegate actuator mechanism according to claim 36, wherein the bushing is locked in the longitudinal direction between bulges of material of the link plate located at the two axial ends of the bushing.

38. The wastegate actuator mechanism according to claim 32, wherein the recessed portions of the bushing comprise grooves which extend along an outer surface of the bushing in the longitudinal direction.

39. The wastegate actuator mechanism according to claim 31, wherein at the interface of the sleeve and the pin, the sleeve is provided with recessed portions and bulges of material of the pin are received in the recessed portions, and wherein the sleeve comprises another material than the pin, the material of the sleeve having a higher hardness than the material of the pin.

40. The wastegate actuator mechanism according to claim 39, wherein the bulges of material of the pin and the recessed portions of the sleeve are configured to prevent relative movement of the pin and the sleeve in a peripheral direction.

41. The wastegate actuator mechanism according to claim 39, wherein the recessed portions of the sleeve are distributed on the sleeve in a peripheral direction.

42. The wastegate actuator mechanism according to claim 39, wherein at the interface of the sleeve and the pin, the sleeve is provided with spikes penetrating into the material of the pin.

43. The wastegate actuator mechanism according to claim 39, wherein at the interface of the sleeve and the pin, the pin has a conical portion that is shaped like a truncated cone, and wherein the inner surface of the sleeve tapers at the position of a portion of the sleeve that closely surrounds the conical portion of the pin.

44. A wastegate system of a turbocharger, including a wastegate actuator mechanism according to claim 31.

45. A turbocharger, comprising a wastegate system including a wastegate actuator mechanism according to claim 31.

46. A bushing that is configured to be included in a wastegate actuator mechanism of a wastegate system of a turbocharger, particularly to be pressed into an eye of a link plate of the wastegate actuator mechanism, wherein the bushing is provided with recessed portions at its outer surface.

47. The bushing according to claim 46, wherein the recessed portions are distributed on the bushing in a peripheral direction.

48. The bushing according to claim 46, wherein the recessed portions of the bushing comprise notches which are arranged in a chamfered outer rim of the bushing.

49. The bushing according to claim 48, wherein the chamfered outer rim is present at each of two axial ends of the bushing.

50. The bushing according to claim 46, wherein the recessed portions of the bushing comprise grooves which extend along its outer surface in the longitudinal direction.

51. The bushing according to claim 46, comprising a material that is considerably harder than stainless steel.

52. A sleeve that is configured to be included in a wastegate actuator mechanism of a wastegate system of a turbocharger, particularly to be arranged on a pin of the wastegate actuator mechanism, wherein the sleeve is provided with recessed portions at its inner surface.

53. The sleeve according to claim 52, wherein the recessed portions of the sleeve are distributed on the sleeve in a peripheral direction.

54. The sleeve according to claim 52, wherein the sleeve is provided with spikes at its inner surface.

55. The sleeve according to claim 52, wherein the inner surface of the sleeve tapers at the position of a portion of the sleeve.

56. The sleeve according to claim 52, comprising a material that is considerably harder than stainless steel.

57. A link plate that is configured to be included in a wastegate actuator mechanism of a wastegate system of a turbocharger, wherein the link plate is provided with an eye configured to receive a bushing that is to be pressed into the eye and wherein the link plate is provided with an edge extending at a transition position of one of its main body surfaces to the inner surface of the eye.

58. A pin that is configured to be included in a wastegate actuator mechanism of a wastegate system of a turbocharger, wherein the pin has a portion that is shaped like a truncated cone.

59. A method of fixing a bushing to a link plate that is configured to be included in a wastegate actuator mechanism of a wastegate system of a turbocharger, wherein the bushing is dimensioned to snugly fit into an eye of the link plate, wherein the bushing is provided with recessed portions at positions where the bushing is to contact the link plate, and wherein the link plate is provided with at least one edge extending at a position where the link plate is to contact the bushing, and wherein the method comprises pressing the bushing into the eye of the link plate and thereby causing deformation of the at least one edge of the link plate and inducing formation of bulges of material of the link plate at the position of the recessed portions of the bushing through flows of material of the link plate at the position of the at least one edge into the recessed portions of the bushing.

60. A method of fixing a sleeve to a pin that is configured to be included in a wastegate actuator mechanism of a wastegate system of a turbocharger, wherein the sleeve is provided with recessed portions at positions where an inner surface of the sleeve is to face an outer surface of the pin, and wherein the method comprises arranging the sleeve on the pin and exerting pressure on the pin for the purpose of forming an end section of enlarged diameter on the pin and thereby causing deformation of material of the pin and inducing formation of bulges of material of the pin at the position of the recessed portions of the sleeve through flows of material of the pin into the recessed portions of the sleeve.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Further features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the description of the invention by way of exemplary and non-limiting embodiments of a turbocharger and components of a wastegate actuator mechanism of a wastegate system of the turbocharger.

[0030] The person skilled in the art will appreciate that the described embodiments of the turbocharger and the components of the wastegate actuator mechanism according to the present invention are exemplary in nature only and not to be construed as limiting the scope of protection defined in the claims in any way. The person skilled in the art will realize that alternatives and equivalent embodiments of the wastegate actuator mechanism can be conceived and reduced to practice without departing from the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0031] Reference will be made to the figures on the accompanying drawing sheets. The figures are schematic in nature and therefore not necessarily drawn to scale. Further, equal reference numerals denote equal or similar parts. On the attached drawing sheets,

[0032] FIGS. 1 and 2 diagrammatically show a turbocharger according to an embodiment of the invention;

[0033] FIG. 3 diagrammatically shows a portion of an embodiment of a wastegate actuator mechanism of a wastegate system of the turbocharger;

[0034] FIG. 4 diagrammatically shows an embodiment of a link plate of the wastegate actuator mechanism;

[0035] FIG. 5 diagrammatically shows an embodiment of a bushing included in the wastegate actuator mechanism;

[0036] FIG. 6 diagrammatically shows an alternative embodiment of the bushing;

[0037] FIG. 7 diagrammatically shows a portion of an assembly of a link plate and a bushing, wherein the bushing is located in an eye of the link plate;

[0038] FIG. 8 is an enlarged view of a detail of FIG. 7;

[0039] FIG. 9 illustrates a form closed arrangement of the link plate and the bushing;

[0040] FIG. 10 diagrammatically shows an embodiment of a sleeve included in the wastegate actuator mechanism;

[0041] FIG. 11 diagrammatically shows an assembly of a lever plate, a pin and a sleeve of the wastegate actuator system; and

[0042] FIG. 12 illustrates a form closed arrangement of the pin and the sleeve.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

[0043] FIGS. 1 and 2 diagrammatically show a turbocharger 100 according to an embodiment of the invention. The general design of the turbocharger 100 is comparable to general designs of commonly known turbochargers and will therefore only be shortly elaborated on in the present text.

[0044] The turbocharger 100 comprises a turbine wheel accommodated in a turbine housing 110 and a compressor wheel accommodated in a compressor housing 120. The turbine wheel and the compressor wheel are connected to each other via a rotation shaft so as to be integrally rotatable. An inlet 130 of the turbocharger 100 is connectable to an outlet of exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine. During operation, an incoming flow of exhaust gas causes rotation of the interconnected turbine wheel and compressor wheel. The compressor wheel acts to compress air, and the compressed air thus obtained is let out through an outlet 140 of the turbocharger 100 that is connectable to an air inlet of the internal combustion engine.

[0045] The turbocharger 100 comprises a wastegate system 200 providing a bypass path for the incoming flow of exhaust gas and comprising a valve arranged in the bypass path and a wastegate actuator mechanism 300 for controlling the position of the valve. For example, when the engine discharges an excessive amount of exhaust gas, the wastegate actuator mechanism 300 is operated to open the valve so that only a portion or all of the exhaust gas is allowed to bypass the turbine wheel. In that way, excessive increase of rotation speed of the turbine is prevented and boost pressure is kept limited.

[0046] In the shown embodiment, the wastegate actuator mechanism 300 comprises a lever plate 330 coupled to the valve, an actuator 340 arranged at the compressor housing 120, and an elongated link plate 310 extending from the actuator 340 to the lever plate 330, wherein the link plate 310 is coupled to the lever plate 330 by engaging on a pin 320 that is attached to the lever plate 330. The actuator 340 may also include a lever plate as is the case in the shown embodiment. The pin 320 extends partially through an eye 311 provided in the link plate 310, and the link plate 310 and the pin 320 are rotatable relative to each other about a rotation axis R extending in the longitudinal direction of the pin 320. During operation, the link plate 310 functions to transfer a driving force from the actuator 340 to the valve.

[0047] With reference to FIG. 3, it is noted that the wastegate actuator mechanism 300 further comprises a sliding assembly 400 arranged between the link plate 310 and the pin 320 at the position of the eye 311 of the link plate 310. The sliding assembly 400 comprises a bushing 410 that is fixedly connected to the link plate 310 and a sleeve 420 that is fixedly connected to the pin 320, wherein an inner surface 413 of the bushing 410 and an outer surface 424 of the sleeve 420 are in sliding contact. Advantageously, the bushing 410 and the sleeve 420 are made of a hard/durable material such as tungsten carbide, whereas the link plate 310 and the pin 320 may be made of another, less durable material such as stainless steel.

[0048] FIG. 4 illustrates the option of the link plate 310 being provided with a bushing 410 in each of two eyes 311 thereof. This implies that a sliding assembly 400 comprising a bushing 410 and a sleeve 420 can also be applied at the position of the actuator 340.

[0049] FIG. 5 diagrammatically shows an embodiment of the bushing 410. The bushing 410 is generally ring-shaped and has a generally circular inner periphery as well as a generally circular outer periphery. In the first place, it is emphasized that the bushing 410 has a smooth inner surface 413 that is configured to function as one of two cooperating sliding contact surfaces of the sliding assembly 400. In the second place, it is noted that the bushing 410 is provided with chamfered outer rims 412 at each of its two axial ends and recessed portions 411 which are arranged in the respective chamfered outer rims 412. In each of the respective chamfered outer rims 412, the recessed portions 411 are distributed on the bushing 410 in a peripheral direction, in a regular pattern according to which a peripheral distance between two adjacent recessed portions 411 is the same for any two adjacent recessed portions 411. In the embodiment of the bushing 410 shown in FIG. 5, the recessed portions 411 comprise notches. FIG. 6 diagrammatically shows an alternative embodiment of the bushing 410 in order to illustrate the fact that the recessed portions 411 may further comprise grooves which extend along an outer surface 414 of the bushing 410 in the longitudinal direction.

[0050] As mentioned in the foregoing, in the wastegate actuator mechanism 300, the bushing 410 is fixedly connected to the link plate 310. With reference to FIGS. 7, 8 and 9, and with reference to the foregoing description of the embodiment of the bushing 410 shown in FIG. 5, a practical way in which the fixed connection may be realized will now be explained. It is noted that it is important to have the fixed connection in order to avoid (micro)movements between the bushing 410 and the link plate 310, both in peripheral direction and longitudinal direction.

[0051] According to the invention, the bushing 410 is pressed into an eye 311 of the link plate 310 during an assembling process of the wastegate actuator mechanism 300. The bushing 410 is dimensioned to snugly fit into the eye 311 of the link plate 310. An outer diameter of the bushing 410 may be chosen so as to be the same as or to be just slightly larger than an inner diameter of the eye 311. Further, the link plate 310 is designed with special peripheral deformation areas A, B, wherein an entry deformation area A is located at a transition position of one of the main body surfaces 312, 313 of the link plate 310 to the inner surface 314 of the eye 311, and wherein a stop deformation area B is located at a transition position of the other of the main body surfaces 312, 313 of the link plate 310 to the inner surface 314 of the eye 311. The stop deformation area B comprises a machined peripheral stop edge 315.

[0052] When the bushing 410 is pressed into the eye 311, this is done from the side of the link plate 310 where the entry deformation area A is present. The movement of the bushing 410 is stopped when the chamfered outer rim 412 of the bushing 410 that is at the front as seen in the direction of movement of the bushing 410 reaches the stop edge 315. Under the influence of the pressure that is exerted on the bushing 410, the stop edge 315 is deformed and formation of bulges of material 316 of the link plate 310 is induced at the position of the recessed portions 411 of the bushing 410 through flows of material of the link plate 310 at the position of the stop edge 315 into the recessed portions 411 of the bushing 410. Further, at the position of the deformation area A, formation of bulges of material 316 of the link plate 310 is induced as well by exerting pressure on the deformation area A by means of a suitable pressing tool and thereby displacing material of the link plate 310 in a direction that is radially inward. In the process, as a result of the displacement of the material, a peripheral recess 317 is formed in the deformation area A. On the basis of the bulges of material 316 of the link plate 310 being received in the recessed portions 411 of the bushing 410, at both axial ends of the bushing 410, relative movement of the link plate 310 and the bushing 410 in both a peripheral direction and the longitudinal direction is prevented.

[0053] FIG. 10 diagrammatically shows an embodiment of the sleeve 420. The sleeve 420 is generally ring-shaped and has a generally circular inner periphery as well as a generally circular outer periphery. In the first place, it is emphasized that the sleeve 420 has a smooth outer surface 424 that is configured to function as one of two cooperating sliding contact surfaces of the sliding assembly 400. Advantageously, the outer surface 424 has a slightly convexly curved outline in the longitudinal direction, so that sliding contact between the sleeve 420 and the bushing 410 takes place along defined, more or less central portions of the outer surface 424 of the sleeve 420 and the inner surface 413 of the bushing 410. In the second place, it is noted that the inner surface 425 of the sleeve 420 tapers at the position of a widened portion 423 of the sleeve 420 that is intended to surround a conical portion 321 of the pin 320 that is shaped like a truncated cone, as can be seen in FIGS. 11 and 12. In the third place, it is noted that the sleeve 420 is provided with recessed portions 421 in the inner surface 425 thereof. The recessed portions 421 are distributed on the sleeve 420 in a peripheral direction, in a regular pattern according to which a peripheral distance between two adjacent recessed portions 421 is the same for any two adjacent recessed portions 421. In the embodiment of the sleeve 420 shown in FIG. 10, the recessed portions 421 comprise notches extending along a considerable part of the sleeve 420 as seen in the longitudinal direction. Further, the sleeve 420 is provided with spikes 422 which are arranged so as to project inwardly from the inner surface 425 of the sleeve 420.

[0054] As mentioned in the foregoing, in the wastegate actuator mechanism 300, the sleeve 420 is fixedly connected to the pin 320. A practical way in which the fixed connection may be realized will now be explained. It is noted that it is important to have the fixed connection in order to avoid (micro)movements between the sleeve 420 and the pin 320, both in peripheral direction and longitudinal direction.

[0055] According to the invention, the sleeve 420 is arranged on the pin 320 during an assembling process of the wastegate actuator mechanism 300, while the pin 320 is in a manufacturing state in which the pin 320 is not yet provided without the end section 322 of enlarged diameter as shown in FIGS. 11 and 12. As suggested in the foregoing, a correct position of the sleeve 410 on the pin 320 involves the widened portion 423 of the sleeve 420 surrounding the conical portion 321 of the pin 320. Subsequently, the combination of the pin 320 and the sleeve 420 arranged on the pin 320 is put in place relative to the lever plate 330, wherein a portion of the pin 320 is inserted through an eye of the lever plate 330. A fixed configuration of the pin 320, the sleeve 420 and the lever plate 330 is realized in a process of forming the end section 322 of enlarged diameter under the influence of pressure, i.e. in a riveting process of the pin 320. As a result of the riveting process, a configuration is obtained in which the lever plate 330 and the sleeve 420 are clamped between the end section 322 of the pin 320 on the one side and the conical portion 321 of the pin 320 on the other side. During the riveting process, material of the pin 320 is made to deform and formation of bulges of material 323 of the pin 320 is induced at the position of the recessed portions 421 of the sleeve 420 through flows of material of the pin 320 into the recessed portions 421 of the sleeve 420. Also, the spikes 422 of the sleeve 420 penetrate into the material of the pin 320.

[0056] On the basis of the bulges of material 323 of the pin 320 being received in the recessed portions 421 of the sleeve 420, relative movement of the pin 320 and the sleeve 420 in a peripheral direction is prevented. On the basis of the fact that the spikes 422 of the sleeve 420 penetrate into the material of the pin 320, further fixation results are achieved. On the basis of the widened portion 423 of the sleeve 420 surrounding the conical portion 321 of the pin 320, a configuration that is adapted to compensate for differences of thermal expansion of the sleeve 420 and the pin 320 is obtained. During operation, the pin 320 expands in both the longitudinal direction and a radial direction. At the position of the conical outer surface 324, the expansion causes transmission of force from the pin 320 to the sleeve 420. The cone angle of the conical portion 321 of the pin 320 and the widened portion 423 of the sleeve 420 can be chosen such that in situations involving a rise of temperatures, the pin 320 is not overstressed so that deformation of the material of the pin 320 under the influence of contact to the sleeve 420 is prevented.

[0057] For the sake of clarity, it is noted that in the above-described process of putting the bushing 410 in place in the eye 311 of the link plate 310, it is the relatively soft material of the link plate 310 that is made to locally displace and deform, whereas the relatively hard material of the bushing 410 maintains its initial shape, and that in the above-described process of putting the sleeve 420 in place on the pin 320, it is the relatively soft material of the pin 320 that is made to locally displace and deform, whereas the relatively hard material of the sleeve 420 maintains its initial shape.

[0058] It is a practical possibility to apply a washer 426 between the sleeve 420 and the lever plate 330, as shown in FIGS. 11 and 12. In such a case, it is a stack of the lever plate 330, the washer 426 and the sleeve 420 that is clamped between the end section 322 of the pin 320 on the one side and the conical portion 321 of the pin 320 on the other side. Advantages involved in applying a washer 426 involve reduction of thermal expansion differences in the longitudinal direction and a possibility to save on the relatively expensive material of the sleeve 420 by reducing the dimension of the sleeve 420 in the longitudinal direction.

[0059] It follows from the foregoing that according to the invention, the combination of the bushing 410 and the link plate 310 and the combination of the sleeve 420 and the pin 320 can be designed in such a way that during assembly of the respective combinations, a fixed connection is obtained on the basis of material of the one component being deformed in a predetermined way as the other component is put in place in/on the one component, wherein the other component is provided with recessed portions 411, 421 for receiving bulges of material 316, 323 from the one component, and wherein it is further possible for the one component to be provided with specific deformation features such as the above-mentioned stop edge 315 of the link plate 310. Although good fixation results may be obtained on the basis of the form closed configuration including the recessed portions 411, 421 and the bulges of material 316, 323, the invention does not exclude an application of additional fixation measures such as an application of a locking pin that is arranged to extend through both of the components to be fixedly connected. Further, it may be advantageous if both the combination of the bushing 410 and the link plate 310 and the combination of the sleeve 420 and the pin 320 involve the form closed configuration relying on bulges of material 316, 323 being accommodated in recessed portions 411, 421, but that does not alter the fact that the invention also covers an option of such form closed configuration being applied to only one of the respective combinations.

[0060] It will be clear to a person skilled in the art that the scope of the present invention is not limited to the examples discussed in the foregoing but that several amendments and modifications thereof are possible without deviating from the scope of the present invention as defined by the attached claims. In particular, combinations of specific features of various aspects of the invention may be made. An aspect of the invention may be further advantageously enhanced by adding a feature that was described in relation to another aspect of the invention. While the present invention has been illustrated and described in detail in the figures and the description, such illustration and description are to be considered illustrative or exemplary only, and not restrictive.

[0061] The present invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments. Variations to the disclosed embodiments can be understood and effected by a person skilled in the art in practicing the claimed invention, from a study of the figures, the description and the attached claims. In the claims, the word “comprising” does not exclude other steps or elements, and the indefinite article “a” or “an” does not exclude a plurality. The mere fact that certain measures are recited in mutually different dependent claims does not indicate that a combination of these measures cannot be used to advantage. Any reference numerals in the claims should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.

[0062] Notable aspect of the invention are summarized as follows. The invention relates to a wastegate actuator mechanism 300 comprising an elongated link plate 310 and a pin 320 that is attached to a lever plate 330. The pin 320 extends partially through an eye 311 provided in the link plate 310, and the link plate 310 and the pin 320 are rotatable relative to each other about a rotation axis R extending in the longitudinal direction of the pin 320. The wastegate actuator mechanism 300 further comprises a sliding assembly 400 that is arranged between the link plate 310 and the pin 320 at the position of the eye 311 of the link plate 310, and that comprises a bushing 410 that is fixedly connected to the link plate 310 and a sleeve 420 that is fixedly connected to the pin 320, wherein an inner surface 413 of the bushing 410 and an outer surface 424 of the sleeve 420 are in sliding contact. At an interface of the bushing 410 and the link plate 310, the bushing 410 is provided with recessed portions 411, and bulges of material 316 of the link plate 310 which have been shaped under pressure during assembly of the bushing 410 and the link plate 310 are received in the recessed portions 411. Additionally or alternatively, at an interface of the sleeve 420 and the pin 320, the sleeve 420 is provided with recessed portions 421, and bulges of material 323 of the pin 320 which have been shaped under pressure during assembly of the sleeve 420 and the pin 320 are received in the recessed portions 421. In terms of assembly of the wastegate actuator mechanism 300, this implies an action of fixedly connecting the bushing 410 to the link plate 310 by pressing the bushing 410 into the eye 311 of the link plate 310 and allowing material of the link plate 310 to deform and to be received in recessed portions 411 of the bushing 410 in the process and/or an action of fixedly connecting the sleeve 420 on the pin 320 by arranging the sleeve 420 on the pin 320 and allowing material of the pin 320 to deform and to be received in recessed portions 421 of the sleeve 420 in a process of forming an end section 322 of enlarged diameter on the pin 320.

REFERENCE LIST

[0063] 100 Turbocharger [0064] 110 Turbine housing [0065] 120 Compressor housing [0066] 130 Inlet of the turbocharger [0067] 140 Outlet of the turbocharger [0068] 200 Wastegate system [0069] 300 Wastegate actuator mechanism [0070] 310 Link plate [0071] 311 Eye of the link plate [0072] 312, 313 Main body surfaces of the link plate [0073] 314 Inner surface of the eye [0074] 315 Stop edge [0075] 316 Bulges of material of the link plate [0076] 317 Peripheral recess [0077] 320 Pin [0078] 321 Conical portion of the pin [0079] 322 End section of the pin [0080] 323 Bulges of material of the pin [0081] 324 Outer surface of the pin [0082] 330 Lever plate [0083] 340 Actuator [0084] 400 Sliding assembly [0085] 410 Bushing [0086] 411 Recessed portions of the bushing [0087] 412 Chamfered outer rim [0088] 413 Inner surface of the bushing [0089] 414 Outer surface of the bushing [0090] 420 Sleeve [0091] 421 Recessed portions of the sleeve [0092] 422 Spikes [0093] 423 Widened portion of the sleeve [0094] 424 Outer surface of the sleeve [0095] 425 Inner surface of the sleeve [0096] 426 Washer [0097] A Entry deformation area [0098] B Stop deformation area [0099] R Rotation axis