Method for reinforcing a steel component by carbonitriding

Abstract

A method for reinforcing a steel component, having a carbonitriding step providing a first substep of case-hardening, and a second substep of nitriding, the first and second substeps of case-hardening and of nitriding of the step of carbonitriding the component are performed in one and the same heat treatment cycle.

Claims

1. A method for reinforcing a steel component, comprising a carbonitriding step comprising a first substep of case-hardening, and a second substep of nitriding, w the first and second substeps of case-hardening and of nitriding of the step of carbonitriding the component are performed in one and the same heat treatment cycle.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the carbonitriding step is performed at a pressure less than or equal to 150 mbar.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the steel of the component is an M50NiL steel.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein nitrogen and carbon used in the carbonitriding step are brought to the surface of the steel of the component in the form of ammonia and acetylene respectively.

5. The method according to claim, further comprising a hardening step performed after the carbonitriding step and in the same heat treatment cycle.

6. The method according to claim 1, further comprising a hardening step and an annealing step, each of the steps of carbonitriding, of hardening and of annealing being performed in a heat treatment cycle specific to it, the annealing step being performed after the carbonitriding step and configured before the hardening step.

7. The method according to claim 5, wherein the hardening step comprises a first substep of austenitizing the component followed by a second substep of quenching the component, the method further comprising a post-treatment step performed after the hardening step and in a heat treatment cycle different from those of the other steps of the method.

8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the post-treatment step includes a tempering of the component.

9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the steel component is a rolling-contact bearing ring.

10. A rolling-contact bearing ring reinforced by implementing the reinforcing method according to providing a steel component, comprising a carbonitriding step comprising a first substep of case-hardening, and a second substep of nitriding, w the first and second substeps of case-hardening and of nitriding of the step of carbonitriding the component are performed in one and the same heat treatment cycle.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

[0029] At least one of the embodiments of the present invention is accurately represented by this application's drawings which are relied on to illustrate such embodiment(s) to scale and the drawings are relied on to illustrate the relative size, proportions, and positioning of the individual components of the present invention accurately relative to each other and relative to the overall embodiment(s). Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate from this disclosure that the present invention is not limited to the scaled drawings and that the illustrated proportions, scale, and relative positioning can be varied without departing from the scope of the present invention as set forth in the broadest descriptions set forth in any portion of the originally filed specification and/or drawings. In order to more clearly explain the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present disclosure, the drawings needed in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Further aims, features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from reading the following description, which is given purely by way of nonlimiting example and with reference to the appended drawings, in which:

[0030] FIG. 1 is a flowchart of the reinforcing method according to one embodiment of the invention;

[0031] FIG. 2 illustrates the changes in temperature during the reinforcing method according to the invention;

[0032] FIG. 3 illustrates the changes in hardness as a function of the distance from the surface for components treated by the method according to the invention;

[0033] FIG. 4 illustrates the mass percentages of nitrogen and of carbon content as a function of the distance from the surface for components treated according to the method of the invention; and

[0034] FIG. 5 illustrates a variant of the reinforcing method according to the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0035] Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate from this disclosure that when a range is provided such as (for example) an angle/distance/number/weight/volume/spacing being between one (1 of the appropriate unit) and ten (10 of the appropriate units) that specific support is provided by the specification to identify any number within the range as being disclosed for use with a preferred embodiment. For example, the recitation of a percentage of copper between one percent (1%) and twenty percent (20%) provides specific support for a preferred embodiment having two point three percent (2.3%) copper even if not separately listed herein and thus provides support for claiming a preferred embodiment having two point three percent (2.3%) copper. By way of an additional example, a recitation in the claims and/or in portions of an element moving along an arcuate path by at least twenty (20°) degrees, provides specific literal support for any angle greater than twenty (20°) degrees, such as twenty-three (23°) degrees, thirty (30°) degrees, thirty-three-point five (33.5°) degrees, forty-five (45°) degrees, fifty-two (52°) degrees, or the like and thus provides support for claiming a preferred embodiment with the element moving along the arcuate path thirty-three-point five (33.5°) degrees. In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present disclosure more apparent, the exemplary embodiments according to the present disclosure will be described in a clear and complete way below with reference to the drawings. The reinforcing method 1 according to one embodiment of the invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2.

[0036] The reinforcing method 1 comprises a carbonitriding step 10 comprising a first substep 10b of nitriding and a second substep 10a of case-hardening which is performed simultaneously or successively in relation to the first substep and in one and the same heat treatment cycle 2. The carbonitriding step 10 is preferably performed at a low pressure.

[0037] A heat treatment cycle is characterized by an increase in temperature from a low initial temperature to a high temperature, a holding at the high temperature, and a lowering of the temperature to a temperature close to the low initial temperature.

[0038] The way the temperature changes during the reinforcing method 1 is depicted in the temperature-time diagram of FIG. 2 and illustrates the succession of heat treatment cycles to which the components treated by the method of the invention are subjected.

[0039] FIG. 2 depicts four heat treatment cycles, numbered from 2 to 5. The treatment cycles 2 to 5 are different and successive heat treatment cycles.

[0040] The heat treatment cycle 2, which corresponds to the carbonitriding step 10, begins with the case-hardening substep 10a which uses acetylene to supply additional carbon and continues with the nitriding substep 10b which uses ammonia to supply additional nitrogen. The high temperature of the heat treatment cycle 2 may for example be comprised between 800° C. and 1000° C. and is sustained for the time necessary to achieve the desired carbon and nitrogen enrichment of the superficial layers of the treated components. Step 10 ends with a rapid lowering of the temperature of the treated components. The treated components are, for example, brought back down to ambient temperature. The carbonitriding treatment may last from 10 to 50 hours depending on the chosen thickness of case-hardening (from 1 to several millimetres). As indicated previously, the carbonitriding step is preferably performed at a low pressure of less than or equal to 150 mbar.

[0041] During the next step 11, the components are annealed in order to improve their ductility. The annealing step 11 corresponds to the heat treatment cycle 3. During this cycle, the treated components are heated and held for a given length of time at a determined temperature, then cooled slowly, for example down to ambient temperature. The high temperature of the heat treatment cycle 3 is lower than the high temperature of the heat treatment cycle 2. For example, the annealing phase takes place in a temperature range comprised between 650-700° C., and for an approximate duration of 4 to 5 hours.

[0042] During the next step 12, the components are hardened by a substantial heating making it possible to achieve austenitization of the components (substep 12a) followed by rapid cooling to quench the components (substep 12b). The step 12 of hardening the components corresponds to the heat treatment cycle 4. The high temperature of the heat treatment cycle 4 is substantially equal to that of the earlier heat treatment cycle 2. The austenitization may be performed at a temperature of 1080-1120° C. and for a short duration ensuring thermal homogeneity of the component while avoiding coarsening of the grain size. This complete quenching operation can in general not exceed 2 hours in duration.

[0043] During the last step 13, tempering post-treatments are performed in order to increase the resilience of the components. The post-treatment step 13 corresponds to the heat treatment cycle 5. The high temperature of the heat treatment cycle 5 is lower than that of the earlier heat treatment cycle 2. A succession of cooling and tempering steps (tempering in the range 530-560° C.) is applied for a total method time of, for example, between 8 and 12 hours.

[0044] The method was optimized for enriching the superficial layer of the treated components to depths in excess of 1 mm.

[0045] Following treatment according to the method of the invention, the components have a superficial layer containing martensite enriched with carbon and with nitrogen, finer carbides and carbonitrides. Tests conducted by the applicant have revealed that the thickness of this layer could attain values of between 0.35 mm to 0.40 mm, namely values sufficient for applications in the field of rolling-contact bearing raceways.

[0046] The hardness curve illustrated in FIG. 3 shows the changes in hardness as a function of the distance from the surface for components treated according to the method of the invention. The values obtained are comparable with those obtained by case-hardening alone.

[0047] FIG. 4 illustrates the mass percentages of nitrogen (curve 22) and of carbon (curve 21) content as a function of the distance from the surface for components treated according to the method of the invention.

[0048] The tests conducted by the applicant have made it possible to achieve nitrogen enrichment extending down to depths of as much as 400 μm with a minimal mass percentage of nitrogen of 0.35%, which is significant and sufficient to make it possible to obtain microstructures with superior performance to those obtained by case-hardening alone. At the same time, surface carbon content is found to be high just beyond 200 μm with a value of 0.66%. Indeed, the optimal combination of carbon and of nitrogen makes it possible to achieve the best surface properties and notably to improve the hardness of the carbonitrided surface layer (minimum 770-780 HV shown in FIG. 3). Beyond 100 μm, the residual stresses are compression stresses. Following optimized treatment and grinding operations, it is expected that the surfaces treated according to the method of the invention will exhibit only compressive residual stresses which are beneficial to good fatigue strength.

[0049] FIG. 5 shows a variant of the reinforcing method 1 according to the invention, whereby the carbonitriding step 10 and the hardening step 12 are performed in the same heat treatment cycle 6 and without recourse to the annealing step 11. This variant of the method further reduces the duration of the production cycle.