Spotlight illumination system using optical element

Abstract

An illumination system for a vehicle includes a light source to emit light along an optical path and into an environment. A lens is positioned along the optical path and configured to collimate the light to a light beam. An optical element, having a body comprising four sides and a reflective member within the body, is positioned along the optical path and configured to redirect the light beam. The optical element is configured to move around an optical element axis to change a direction the light beam is transmitted into the environment. The illumination system is configured to receive a target position within the environment and move the optical element to fixate the light beam onto the target position.

Claims

1. An illumination system for a vehicle comprising: a light source to emit light along an optical path and into an environment; a lens positioned along the optical path configured to collimate the light to a light beam; and an optical element having a body comprising four sides and a reflective member within the body, the optical element positioned along the optical path and configured to redirect the light beam, the optical element configured to move around an optical element axis to change a direction the light beam is transmitted into the environment, wherein the illumination system is configured to receive a target position within the environment and move the optical element to fixate the light beam onto the target position.

2. The illumination system of claim 1, wherein a rotational position of the optical element around the optical element axis determines an azimuth direction of the light beam.

3. The illumination system of claim 1, wherein the light source is affixed to a stage, the stage configured to move orthogonal to the lens to change a direction the light beam is transmitted into the environment, wherein the illumination system is configured to move the light source to fixate the light beam onto the target position.

4. The illumination system of claim 1, wherein the light source includes a high irradiance white light source.

5. The illumination system of claim 1, further comprising a detection system configured to determine the target position within the environment.

6. The illumination system of claim 1, wherein the reflective member within the body comprises glass or an optical polymer.

7. The illumination system of claim 1, wherein the reflective member includes a reflective surface configured to interface with the light beam.

8. The illumination system of claim 1, wherein the reflective member forms a diagonal cross section of the optical element such that the reflective member forms an isosceles right triangular prism with two of the four sides.

9. A vehicle spotlight comprising: a spotlight housing having a transmissive side; a light source positioned within the spotlight housing, the light source configured to emit a light beam along an optical path and into an environment; a lens positioned within the spotlight housing between the light source and the transmissive side, the lens positioned along the optical path, the lens configured to receive the light beam from the light source and collimate the light; and an optical element positioned within the spotlight housing between the lens and the transmissive side, the optical element positioned along the optical path, the optical element having a body comprising four sides and a reflective member within the body, the optical element configured to move around an optical element axis to change a direction the light beam is transmitted through the transmissive side of the spotlight housing and into the environment, wherein the vehicle spotlight is configured to receive a target position within the environment and move the optical element to fixate the light beam onto the target position.

10. The vehicle spotlight of claim 9, wherein a rotational position of the optical element around the optical element axis determines an azimuth direction of the light beam.

11. The vehicle spotlight of claim 9, wherein the light source is affixed to a stage, the stage configured to move orthogonal to the lens to change a direction the light beam is transmitted into the environment, wherein the vehicle spotlight is configured to move the light source to fixate the light beam onto the target position.

12. The vehicle spotlight of claim 9, further comprising a detection system configured to determine the target position within the environment.

13. A method of illuminating a target position within an environment comprising: receiving, with an illumination system, data related to a target position within the environment; emitting light, with a light source of the illumination system, along an optical path and into the environment; collimating, with a lens of the illumination system, the light from the light source into a light beam; providing, by the illumination system, the light beam to an optical element of the illumination system, the optical element having a body comprising four sides and a reflective member within the body; actuating the optical element around an optical element axis to change a direction the light beam is transmitted into the environment based on the received target position within the environment.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein a rotational position of the optical element around the optical element axis determines an azimuth direction of the light beam.

15. The method of claim 13, further comprising: affixing the light source to a stage, the stage configured to move orthogonal to the lens; and moving the stage to shift a position of the light source relative the lens to change a direction the light beam is transmitted into the environment.

16. The method of claim 13, wherein the light source includes a high irradiance white light source.

17. The method of claim 13, further comprising generating data related to a target position within the environment using a sensor system including one or more of the following: LiDAR, LADAR, radar, camera, radio, GPS, GNSS, or map.

18. The method of claim 13, wherein the reflective member within the body comprises glass or an optical polymer.

19. The method of claim 13, wherein the reflective member includes a reflective surface configured to interface with the light beam.

20. The method of claim 13, wherein the reflective member forms a diagonal cross section of the optical element such that the reflective member forms an isosceles right triangular prism with two of the four sides.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) So that those having ordinary skill in the art to which the disclosed system pertains will more readily understand how to make and use the same, reference may be had to the following drawings.

(2) FIG. 1 is an overhead schematic diagram of an illumination system for a vehicle in accordance with the subject technology.

(3) FIG. 2A is a front perspective view of an optical element component for the illumination system of FIG. 1.

(4) FIG. 2B is a bottom perspective view of the optical element of FIG. 3A.

(5) FIG. 3A-3C are overhead block diagrams of the illumination system of FIG. 1, showing optical element positions and corresponding optical paths of light in an azimuth plane.

(6) FIG. 4A-4B are front perspective views of an illumination system for a vehicle in accordance with the subject technology.

(7) FIGS. 5A-5C are side schematic diagrams of an illumination system for a vehicle in accordance with the subject technology

(8) FIG. 6 is a front perspective view of components of an illumination system in accordance with the subject technology

(9) FIGS. 7A-7B are overhead block diagrams of an example illumination system where a spotlight field-of-view is directed in a vertical direction and an azimuth plane.

(10) FIG. 8 is an overhead block diagram of an example illumination system using reflective lenses.

(11) FIG. 9 is a block diagram of an exemplary detection system that, in some implementations, is used in conjunction with the illumination system in accordance with the subject technology.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

(12) The subject technology overcomes many of the prior art problems associated with illumination systems. In brief summary, the subject technology provides an illumination system utilizing an optical element and reflective member for redirecting light. The advantages, and other features of the systems and methods disclosed herein, will become more readily apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art from the following detailed description of certain preferred embodiments taken in conjunction with the drawings which set forth representative embodiments of the subject technology. Like reference numerals are used herein to denote like parts. Further, words denoting orientation such as “upper”, “lower”, “distal”, and “proximate” are merely used to help describe the location of components with respect to one another. For example, an “upper” surface of a part is merely meant to describe a surface that is separate from the “lower” surface of that same part. No words denoting orientation are used to describe an absolute orientation (i.e. where an “upper” part must always be vertically above).

(13) Referring now to FIG. 1, an illumination system 100 for a vehicle in accordance with the subject technology is shown. The illumination system 100 can be mounted on or within a vehicle requiring illumination (not distinctly shown), such as a car, truck, locomotive, boat, robot, or like vessel. The illumination system 100 includes a housing 101 containing optical components of the system 100. The housing 101 may be a support structure in some implementations. The illumination system 100 employs a light source 102 configured to emit a light 106 along an optical path 110. When activated, the system 100 is designed to undergo an illumination event, illuminating a target position 116 within an environment 118 with light from the light source 102. The target position 116 is illuminated through automatic actuation of the illumination system 100 based on gathered data concerning the environment, described in further detail below.

(14) The target position 116 may include a traveling surface, or a vehicle path of travel, such as: surface impediments; hazardous or nonhazardous articles thereon; curves or turns in the traveling surface; or markers such as crosswalks or lane dividing lines. The target position 116 may include other articles such as vehicles or signs, and retroreflective surfaces thereon such as a license plate, light modules, or traffic signs. The target position 116 may be another object or characteristic of the environment.

(15) The light source 102 can generate light 106 from a single light source (e.g. a single LED or laser source) or from multiple light sources arranged in a column or array. In this regard, multiple sources may contribute along an azimuth direction (contribution of light along the “x-y” plane) or along a vertical direction (contribution of light along the “z” axis) to improve resolution, increase light coverage within the environment, or to enable other functions such as a fog lamp projection. As such, the light source 102 may include, for example, a vertical array of high brightness white, color, or near infra-red LEDs. The light source 102 may include an array of light sources collocated in or near an image plane of the light source 102.

(16) In some cases, the light source 102 may include a single or multiple white laser light sources such as one or more superluminescent diodes, which provide for increased visibility and is noticeable even in daytime lightning. The light source 102 may include a pure crystal of cerium doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Ce:YAG) for light conversion, enabling a small emitting area relative to in-glass or ceramic phosphor. In some implementations, the light source 102 may have an emitting area less than 0.25 millimeters. A smaller emitting area provides for higher efficiency applications and smaller optics and form factor. The light from a Ce:YAG crystal may include a yellow coloring. In other cases, a single or multiple infra-red laser sources may be used in order to provide active illumination to the system for night time operation and to avoid distracting or otherwise effecting the visibility of other drivers.

(17) In some implementations, the light source 102 may be positioned on a stage 104. The stage 104 may be positioned on a rail, track, or other movement enabling system such that the stage 104 is configured to move along an “x” axis, “y” axis, or “z” axis of the illumination system 100. In this regard, the light source 102 may emit light 106 from different angles and thus change a direction that light is transmitted, enabling the illumination system 100 to direct the light to the target position 116 of the surrounding environment.

(18) A collimating lens 108 is positioned along the optical path 110, in between the light source 102 and an optical element 112. The collimating lens 108 includes a curved mirror or lens to collimate the emitted light 106 from the light source 102. In this regard, the collimating lens 108 may reduce the divergence of the light 106 or align the light 106 along the “y” axis direction of the illumination system 100. As such, the collimating lens 108 is positioned along the optical path 110 to collimate light 106 into one or more light beams received by the optical element 112.

(19) While the properties of the optical element 112 are discussed in greater detail below, the optical element 112 is configured to move around an optical element axis to redirect the light beam 109 to a target position 116, such as an object in the surrounding environment, illuminating the object.

(20) The optical element 112 includes a reflective member 114 within a body in the shape of a prism. The optical element 112 can be affixed to rotate centrally around an optical element axis, such as the “z” axis of illumination system 100, to direct the light beam 109 in the azimuth direction (i.e. changing field of view along the “x-y” plane). In this regard, the optical element 112 can rotate in full, 360 degree rotations or can shift or oscillate to direct the light beam 109 to the target position 116 in the environment. Movement of the optical element 112 can be accomplished by coupling the optical element 112 to an actuator, not distinctly shown.

(21) In the arrangement shown, the light source 102, collimating lens 108, and the optical element 112 are arranged in a substantially straight line in the azimuth plane, that is, the “x-y” plane. In some implementations, light source 102, collimating lens 108, and optical element 112 may be positioned in an offset manner, such as to reduce a length of the illumination system 100. In other implementations, one or more reflective lenses (not distinctly shown) may be employed such that light source 102, collimating lens 108, and the optical element 112 can be positioned indiscriminately within illumination system 100.

(22) The system 100 can also include a processing module 120, which can be a processor connected to memory and configured to carry out instructions, the processing module 120 being configured to control the optical element 112 and stage 104 based on the target position 116 in the environment and to store and process any generated data relating to the environment. For example, where a detection system, described in further detail below, identifies a hazard on a roadway, processing module 120 can control the optical element 112 and stage 104 to direct the light beam 109 in the direction of the hazard on the roadway.

(23) Processing module 120 controls the light source 102 intensity (current pulse) through software via a current source driver via a current source driver. In this regard, the intensity is adjusted in real time by the processing module 120. The current adjusted depends on the position or angle of the light beam 106 relative the optical path 110 or depending on the target position 116 in the environment, as defined above, and background illumination.

(24) Referring now to FIGS. 2A-2B, the details of the optical element 112 are shown and described in further detail. The optical element 112 has a body in the shape of a rectangular prism with an exterior defined by four outer faces 206a, 206b, 206c, 206d (generally 206) forming the prism sides which extend between the faces 210a, 210b (generally 210) which form the prism ends. In general, the faces 206 sit at right angles to one another. The outer faces 206 are generally transmissive, allowing light to pass therethrough, and allowing light to pass through the body of the optical element 112, while redirecting the light as discussed in more detail below. Note that while a four sided prism is shown, the prism can include a different number of sides, such as 6, 8, etc., and still be used within the illumination system. In some implementations, the optical element 112 may define a polygonal prism, having fewer or more faces than 6, fewer or more edges than 12, or fewer or more vertices than 8.

(25) A flat rectangular reflective member 114 with opposing reflective surfaces 208a, 208b forms a diagonal cross section of the optical element 112. The reflective member 114 extends the length of the optical element 112 between the ends 210, running parallel to the outer faces 206. In particular, two of the transmissive faces 206b, 206c are on a first side 208a of the reflective member 114, light passing through those transmissive faces 206b, 206c interacting with the first side 208a. In effect, the sides 206b, 206c form an isosceles right triangular prism with the first side 208a of the reflective member 114 and with the reflective member 114 being the hypotenuse. Similarly, the other two transmissive faces 206a, 206d are on a second side 208b of the reflective member 114, allowing light passing through to interact with the second side 208b of the reflective member 114. The transmissive faces 206a, 206d likewise form an isosceles right triangular prism with the second side 208b of the reflective member 114 and with the reflective member 114 being the hypotenuse.

(26) The reflective member 114 may include a glass material or an optical polymer material such as polymethyl methacrylate, polycarbonate, polystyrene, liquid silicon or the like. The outer faces 206 similarly include glass or an optical polymer. In this regard, the optical element 112 is made of a material having a refractive index varying from a medium surrounding the optical element 112. In some implementations, the optical element 112 is made of a solid piece of glass with a high refractive index. In some implementations, the refractive index N is greater than 1.5. As such, internal reflection of light beam 109 may occur at the faces 206, 210 of the optical element 112, described by Snell's law of refraction.

(27) FIGS. 3A-3C, are overhead views of variously directed optical paths by illumination system 100, showing positions of optical element 112 for a spotlight pattern in the azimuth direction. In the arrangement shown, the light source 102, collimating lens 108, and the optical element 112 are arranged in a substantially straight line in the azimuth plane, that is, the “x-y” plane (understanding there might be an offset of some components in other implementations, for example, as shown with respect to reflective lenses 602 in FIG. 6 and FIG. 8).

(28) As mentioned prior, collimating lens 108 receives the light 106 from the light source 102 to collimate the light, such as reducing the divergence of light 106 or aligning the light 106 in the direction of the “y” axis. As such, the collimating lens 108 is positioned along the optical path 110 to direct a collimated light beam 109 to the optical element 112. The configuration of illumination system 100, with an optical path 110 straight along the azimuth plane between the light source 102, collimating lens 108, and optical element 112 allows for rotation of the optical element 112 to provide a large, 270 degree field of view of the environment.

(29) FIG. 3A shows an exemplary position of the optical element 112 rotated along the optical element axis, “z” axis of illumination system 100, such that the reflective member 114 within the optical element 112 is substantially in line with the optical path 110. For explanatory purposes, it is described that the reflective member 114 of the optical element 112 is at an angle of rotation approaching 0 degrees relative the boresight of light source 102. The boresight of the light source 102 is parallel to the “y” axis of illumination system 100 in some implementations. In this regard, the optical path 110 is not substantially altered by the reflective member 114, as the light beam 109 passes through the body of the optical element 112 toward a target position 116. In fact, the body of the optical element 112 helps redirect light around the reflective member 114 so that it does not interfere with the transmission of light into the environment.

(30) FIG. 3B shows a second example position of the optical element 112 rotated along the “z” axis such that the reflective member 114 within the optical element 112 intersects the light beam 109 at an angle. FIG. 3B shows the reflective member 114 rotated counterclockwise at an angle of rotation approaching 25 degrees with respect to the boresight of the light source 102. This allows for the spotlight field of view to reach 45 degrees relative the boresight of light source 102 or the “y” axis of illumination system 100, as the light beam 109 leaving collimating lens 108 reflects from the angled surface of the reflective member 114.

(31) FIG. 3C shows a third example position of the optical element 112 rotated along the “z” axis such that the reflective member 114 within the optical element 112 intersects the light beam 109 at an angle. In FIG. 3C, the reflective member 114 is rotated counterclockwise at an angle of rotation approaching 45 degrees relative the boresight of light source 102. This allows for the spotlight field of view to reach 85 degrees relative the boresight of light source 102 or the “y” axis of illumination system 100, as light leaving collimating lens 108 reflects from the angled surface of the reflective member 114.

(32) In other implementations, the reflective member 114 may shift counterclockwise from the positon shown in FIG. 3A to an angle approaching −45 degrees relative the boresight of the light source 102, opposite the position of reflective member 114 shown in FIG. 3C. In this regard, the reflective member 114 may reflect light from the illumination system 100 to the other side of the vehicle as compared to FIGS. 3B and 3C. This allows for the spotlight field of view to reach −85 degrees with respect to the boresight of the light source 102 and the “y” axis of illumination system 110, as light leaving collimating lens 108 reflects from the angled surface of the reflective member 114. Note that while a greater field of view is achievable by the components of the system 100, the components themselves may start to block the field of view of the system 100 at spotlight field of view angles such as 90 degrees with respect to the boresight of the light source 102. Though, a 270 degree field of view in the azimuth direction may occur as the optical element 112 rotates between positions.

(33) Referring now to FIGS. 4A-4B, the system 100 is shown from a front perspective view, isolated from a vehicle. FIG. 4B is similar to FIG. 4A except that a printed circuit board 430 and glass housing 432 are shown in FIG. 4B and omitted from FIG. 4A for simplicity. A housing 101 is shown upon which the other components of illumination systems can be affixed or encapsulated within. Note, other structural mechanisms attaching the components to the housing 101 are omitted for ease of reference. The housing 101 also serves to shield internal components of the system 400. The printed circuited board 430 is located behind the housing 101 and can include circuitry or the like for carrying out the control and processing functions of the illumination system 100. The protective glass housing 432 surrounds the optical element 112 and collimating lens 108, connecting to the housing 101 to form a secure covering. The protective glass housing 432, also referred to herein as a transmissive face, is configured to allow light to travel therethrough. In this regard, the light travels along an optical path 110, within an interior of the spotlight housing 101, through the transmissive face, and to a target position 116 in a surrounding environment.

(34) An actuator 436 may be affixed to the optical element 112 to cause it to oscillate or rotate around the vertical axis, changing the face 206 and reflective surface 208 interfacing with the emitted light beams 109 to change a direction of the optical path 110 of the illumination system 100 in the azimuth direction. The actuator 436 can be, for example, a brushless motor, a step motor or a voice coil actuator coupled to the housing 101. The optical element 112 can then be connected to the housing 101 via coupling to a bearing or bushing 438.

(35) Referring back to FIG. 1, in other embodiments, actuator 436 may be affixed to the optical element 112 to cause it to move along the “x”, “y”, or “z” axis of illumination system 100 to change a direction of the optical path 110. As the emitted light passes through the moving optical element 112, the reflective member 114 partially or completely reflects light which contacts its surface. As mentioned prior, the optical element 112 may also be rotated to a position by the actuator 436 in order to target an object in the surrounding environment with the light beam from the spotlight, illuminating the object.

(36) Referring now to FIGS. 5A-5C, an illumination system 500 is shown from several perspective views. It should be understood that the components of the illumination system 500 can function similarly to those of the other illumination systems herein, except as otherwise shown and described herein. Example illumination system 500 has a light source 102 held in place by a mount 504, and a collimating lens 108 also held in place by a mount 506. The mount 504 for the light source 102 includes a flex cable to connect to the printed circuited board 430. In this regard, a power and/or data connector 502 may transmit power, data, or both to the printed circuited board 430 and subsequently to the light source 102.

(37) The light source 102 is positioned on a rail system 512 relative the mount 504 such that the light source 102 can move along an “x”, “y”, or “z” axis of illumination system 500. The mount 504 is positioned on a step motor 510 such that light source 102 can move relative the “z” axis of illumination system 500, or adjust elevation. Similarly, the optical element 112 is positioned on a step motor 508 such that the optical element 112 can move relative the “z” axis of illumination system 500, or adjust a vertical elevation.

(38) Referring now to FIG. 6, a front perspective view of components of illumination system 600 in accordance with the subject technology is shown. It should be understood that the components of the illumination system 600 can function similarly to those of the other illumination systems herein, except as otherwise shown and described herein. FIG. 6 shows example optics wherein a reflective mirror 602 is employed between the collimating lens 108 and the optical element 112. Reflective mirror 602 redirects the light collimated by lens 108 to the optical element 112. In this regard, reflective mirror 602 and the optical element 112 are positioned in alignment with respect to the azimuth plane (although not necessarily at a shared elevation). In this implementation, the illumination system 600 may providing a compact optical path with components in closer proximity such that the components fit into a spotlight housing 101, while still allowing for a spotlight field-of-view in the azimuth and elevation directions. As with other detection systems shown and described herein, after reflecting from the reflective mirror 602, which can oscillate, rotate, or move along a stage 104 to change the field of view of the system in the elevation direction, the light beams interact with the optical element 112 before entering the surrounding environment.

(39) FIGS. 7A-7B are overhead views of optical paths by illumination system 700, showing example implementations of a spotlight field of view in a vertical and horizontal direction. It should be understood that the components of the illumination system 700 can function similarly to those of the other illumination systems herein, except as otherwise shown and described herein. As mentioned prior, illumination systems herein may include a stage 104 on which a light source 102 of the spotlight is affixed to. The stage 104 may be positioned on a rail, track, or other movement enabling system such that the stage 104 is configured to move along an “x” axis, “y” axis, or “z” axis relative the collimating lens 108. In this regard, the light source 102 may emit light 106 along optical path 110, the light arriving at the collimating lens 108 at an angle. In other implementations, collimating lens 108 or optical element 112 may be actuated to move along a stage 104 in an “x” axis, “y” axis, or “z” axis relative the light source 102. In this regard, the light source 102 may emit light 106 along optical path 110, the light arriving into the environment at an angle, enabling position targeting. In other implementations, the light source 102, the collimating lens 108, the optical element 112, or any combination of the light source 102, the collimating lens 108, or the optical element 112 may be actuated with stage 104, or several stages positioned in illumination system 700, in an “x” axis, “y” axis, or “z” axis direction of the illumination system 700 such that the light arrives into the environment at an angle, enabling position targeting.

(40) FIG. 8 shows another implementation of an illumination system 800 in accordance with the subject technology. It should be understood that the components of the illumination system 800 can function similarly to those of the other illumination systems herein, except as otherwise shown and described herein. Illumination system 800 includes a two reflective mirrors 602 in front of a light source 102 emitting light 106. Reflective mirrors 602 are offset from the boresight of light source 102 in the azimuth plane. Reflective mirrors 602 are situated before the collimating lens 108 along the optical path 110 in contrast to the reflective mirrors 602 situated after the collimating lens 108 in the illumination system shown in FIG. 6. As shown, the two reflective mirrors 602 redirect a portion of the light 106 emitted from the light source 102 into separate, substantially parallel beams 808 along the optical path 110. In this regard, the light 106 is divided between a fixed pattern (low beam) 802 and a central beam 806, the central beam 806 passing through the collimating lens 108 and optical element 112. As mentioned prior, optical element 112 may shift along the azimuth direction, that is, the “x-y” plane, such as in illumination system 100, to redirect the central beam 806 to a target position 116 within a surrounding environment. The optical path in illumination system 800 may enable functions such as a fog lamp projection alongside a spotlight projection.

(41) FIG. 9 is a block diagram of an exemplary detection system 900 that, in some implementations, is used in conjunction with illumination system described herein. Detection system 900 can include multiple sensing modules such as LiDAR, LADAR, radar, camera, radio, GPS, GNSS, map, and other like detection modules. In this regard, detection system 900 may regularly scan the environment for data concerning the environment such as: surface impediments; hazardous or nonhazardous articles thereon; curves or turns in the traveling surface; or markers such as crosswalks or lane dividing lines. The target position 116 may include other articles such as vehicles or signs, and retroreflective surfaces thereon such as a license plate, light modules, or traffic signs. The target position 116 may be another object or characteristic of the environment.

(42) In an exemplary implementation, system 900 includes a laser transmitter 902, a processor 904, and a receiver 906. Laser transmitter 902 is configured to emit laser pulses and/or wavelength-converted pulses 908 while receiver 906 is configured to receive reflected and/or returned laser pulses 910 scattered from a target object and/or terrain. Processor 904 may perform functions such as, without limitation, streaming cross-correlations, artifact corrections, target acquisitions, and tracking and discrimination of targets. Processor 904 may generate image data and/or information for other systems such as an illumination system described herein, or an automatic target recognizer system. Processor 904 may communicate with a processing module 120 on illumination systems described herein to actuate the optical element 112 and/or stage 104 to direct the light 106 emitted from the light source 102 to direct the optical path 110 to a target position in the environment based on data concerning the environment.

(43) In this regard, illumination system systems described herein can selectively target and direct a spotlight in both a vertical and azimuth plane with very few moving parts, both in the day time or night time. As such, illumination systems can automatically direct a light beam emitted by the spotlight at a high illuminance toward an identified target position, thus alerting a driver of an article, impediment, or the like without driver intervention.

(44) It will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the pertinent art that the functions of several elements may, in alternative embodiments, be carried out by fewer elements or a single element. Similarly, in some embodiments, any functional element may perform fewer, or different, operations than those described with respect to the illustrated embodiment. Also, functional elements (e.g. processors, circuitry, and the like) shown as distinct for purposes of illustration may be incorporated within other functional elements in a particular implementation.

(45) While the subject technology has been described with respect to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that various changes and/or modifications can be made to the subject technology without departing from the spirit or scope of the subject technology. For example, each claim may depend from any or all claims in a multiple dependent manner even though such has not been originally claimed.