Atmospheric water generator apparatus

Abstract

An atmospheric water generator apparatus. In one embodiment, the apparatus includes a fluid cooling device. A water condensing surface is thermally connected to the fluid cooling device, the water condensing surface having a superhydrophobic condensing surface, a superhydrophilic condensing surface, or a combination thereof. An air-cooled heat rejection device is in fluid communication with a fluid cooling device. An air fan is configured to induce airflow across the water condensing surface in order to condense and extract water from the atmosphere.

Claims

1. An atmospheric water generator apparatus, which comprises: a fluid heating device; a fluid cooling device, wherein said fluid cooling device is a vapor compression refrigerator; means to enhance water capture from ambient air on a water condensing surface, said water condensing surface thermally connected to said fluid cooling device, said water condensing surface includes a plurality of protruding fin-like surfaces protruding from a tube, said water condensing surface comprising a superhydrophobic coating on the water condensing surface, a superhydrophilic coating on the water condensing surface, or a combination thereof; an air-cooled heat rejection device in fluid communication with said fluid heating device; and an air fan configured to induce airflow across said water condensing surface.

2. The atmospheric water generator apparatus as set forth in claim 1 wherein said water condensing surface includes at least one plate.

3. The atmospheric water generator apparatus as set forth in claim 1 wherein said air-cooled heat rejection device includes at least one plate.

4. The atmospheric water generator apparatus as set forth in claim 1 wherein said air-cooled heat rejection device includes a plurality of fins.

5. The atmospheric water generator apparatus as set forth in claim 1 wherein said air fan is configured to induce airflow across said heat rejection device.

6. The atmospheric water generator apparatus as set forth in claim 1 wherein cold refrigerant fluid is moved from said vapor compression refrigerator past said water condensing surface, through said fluid heating device, through said heat rejection device, and back to said vapor compression refrigerator.

7. The atmospheric water generator apparatus as set forth in claim 1 wherein said superhydrophobic coating on the condensing surface comprises nanostructured surfaces of deposited nanoscale structures.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) FIGS. 1 and 2 illustrate schematic diagrams of a first preferred embodiment of an atmospheric water generator apparatus constructed in accordance with the present invention;

(2) FIGS. 3 and 4 illustrate schematic diagrams of a second preferred embodiment of the present invention;

(3) FIGS. 5 and 6 illustrate schematic diagrams of a third preferred embodiment of the present invention;

(4) FIGS. 7 and 8 illustrate schematic diagrams of a fourth preferred embodiment of the present invention; and

(5) FIGS. 9 and 10 illustrate schematic diagrams of a fifth preferred embodiment of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

(6) The embodiments discussed herein are merely illustrative of specific manners in which to make and use the invention and are not to be interpreted as limiting the scope.

(7) While the invention has been described with a certain degree of particularity, it is to be noted that many modifications may be made in the details of the invention's construction and the arrangement of its components without departing from the scope of this disclosure. It is understood that the invention is not limited to the embodiments set forth herein for purposes of exemplification.

(8) Referring to the drawings in detail, FIGS. 1 and 2 illustrate simplified schematic diagrams of a first preferred embodiment 10 of the apparatus of the present invention utilizing vapor compression. A fluid heating device 12 is utilized to heat or warm a refrigerant liquid or gas fluid. Non-limiting examples of a refrigerant are R-134A, R-22, R-410A, HFE-7100, and R-600.

(9) One example of the fluid heating device 12 would be a compressor which raises both the temperature and pressure of the refrigerant fluid. Electric or other power (not shown) may be used to power the compressor.

(10) The warm refrigerant fluid is passed via a line 13 to and through an air-cooled heat rejection device 14 which may take the form of fins extending from a tube or tubes. Heat will be rejected to ambient air or to ambient air cooled by a fan 22. The refrigerant fluid is thereafter directed via a line 15 to a fluid cooling device 16, such as a vapor compression refrigerator, including a throttle.

(11) The fluid cooling device 16 is a part of or is in fluid communication via a line 17 with a water condensing surface. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the water condensing surface includes a plurality of fins 18 that may extend from a tube or tubes conveying the refrigerant fluid therethrough. Ambient air is forced over the fins by force of air from the fan 22, as illustrated by arrows 26, resulting in water condensation.

(12) In the embodiment shown in FIG. 2 utilizing vapor compression, the water condensing surface may be in the form of a plate 20 in communication with a tube or tubes conveying the refrigerant fluid therein. Ambient air is forced over the plate by force of air from the fan 22, resulting in water condensation.

(13) The refrigerant fluid thereafter is cycled back to the fluid heating device 12 via a line 19 and the process proceeds in a continuous loop.

(14) The heat in the process may drive the refrigerant fluid through the system or, alternatively, an optional pump (not shown) may be employed.

(15) The water condensing surface of either the fins 18 or the plate 20 may include a metallic base material and a coating or coatings and may comprise a superhydrophobic condensing surface, a superhydrophilic condensing surface, or a combination thereof.

(16) The superhydrophobic condensing surface enhances the ability of the apparatus 10 to capture water from ambient air. Additionally, the superhydrophobic surface enhances drainage of condensed water in the condensing surface.

(17) The superhydrophobic condensing surface may include nanopatterned surfaces created through chemical etching. In addition, the superhydrophobic condensing surfaces may include nanoroughened surfaces created through chemical etching. Additionally, the superhydrophobic condensing surface may include nanostructured surfaces created through deposition of nanoscale structures.

(18) The use of a superhydrophilic condensing surface results in increased condensate formation.

(19) FIGS. 3 and 4 illustrate a second preferred embodiment 30 of the apparatus of the present invention employing magnetic refrigeration. A fluid cooling device 32 is in the form of a magnetic refrigerator. The magnetic refrigerator utilizes the magnetocaloric effect wherein temperature changes are induced through exposing materials to a changing magnetic field. Material would be magnetized, at which point heat is removed through a fluid refrigerant flowing through the materials.

(20) Fluid refrigerant is thereafter passed via a line 33 to a water condensing surface. Non-limiting examples of fluid refrigerants would be water, water-glycol mixtures, and glycol.

(21) The water condensing surface in the embodiment in FIG. 3 is in the form of a tube or a series of tubes having fins 34 extending from the tube or tubes conveying the refrigerant fluid therethrough. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 4, the water condensing surface may be in the form of a plate 36 in communication with a tube or tubes conveying the refrigerant fluid therein. In each case, ambient air is forced over the fins or the plate by forced air from a fan 40, as illustrated by arrows 42, resulting in water condensation.

(22) The water condensing surface of the fins or the plate may include a metallic base material and a coating or coatings and may comprise a superhydrophobic condensing surface, a superhydrophilic condensing surface, or a combination thereof.

(23) The superhydrophobic condensing surface enhances the ability of the apparatus 30 to capture water from ambient air. Additionally, the superhydrophobic surface enhances drainage of condensed water in the condensing surface.

(24) The superhydrophobic condensing surface may include nanopatterned surfaces created through chemical etching. In addition, the superhydrophobic condensing surfaces may include nanoroughened surfaces created through chemical etching. Additionally, the superhydrophobic condensing surface may include nanostructured surfaces created through deposition of nanoscale structures.

(25) The use of a superhydrophilic condensing surface results in increased condensate formation.

(26) The refrigerant fluid thereafter cycles back via a line 35. The fluid may be warmed by ambient air or another mechanism. The refrigerant fluid passes through an air-cooled heat rejection device 38 which may take the form of fins extending from a tube or tubes. Heat will be rejected to ambient air or to ambient air cooled by a fan 22. The refrigerant fluid is thereafter directed back to the magnetic refrigerator 32 via a line 37 and the process proceeds in a continuous loop.

(27) The heat in the process may drive the refrigerant fluid through the system or, alternatively, an optional pump (not shown) may be employed.

(28) FIGS. 5 and 6 illustrate a third preferred embodiment 60 of the apparatus of the present invention employing absorption refrigeration. A fluid heating device and a fluid refrigeration device in the form of a thermoelectric device 62 is utilized. A fluid refrigerant is cooled and then passed via a line 63 to a water condensing surface.

(29) In the FIG. 5 embodiment, the water condensing surface is a series of fins 64 that may extend from a tube or tubes conveying the refrigerant fluid therethrough.

(30) In the embodiment shown in FIG. 6, the water condensing surface may be in the form of a plate 66 in communication with the tube or tubes having refrigerant fluid conveyed therein. In each case, ambient air is forced over the fins or the plate by forced air from a fan 68, as shown by arrows 56, resulting in water condensation.

(31) Thereafter the refrigerant fluid is cycled back to the thermoelectric refrigerator via a line 65 where the refrigerant fluid is heated. The warm refrigerant fluid is then passed via a line 67 to and through a heat rejection device 61 which may be in the form of a plurality of fins extending from the tube or tubes containing the refrigerant fluid. The refrigerant fluid is thereafter directed back to the thermoelectric device 62 via a line 69 and the process proceeds in a continuous loop. The water condensing surface of either the fins 64 or the plate 66 may include a metallic base material and a coating or coatings and may comprise a superhydrophobic condensing surface, a superhydrophilic condensing surface, or a combination thereof.

(32) The superhydrophobic condensing surface enhances the ability of the apparatus 60 to capture water from ambient air. Additionally, the superhydrophobic surface enhances drainage of condensed water in the condensing surface.

(33) The superhydrophobic condensing surface may include nanopatterned surfaces created through chemical etching. In addition, the superhydrophobic condensing surfaces may include nanoroughened surfaces created through chemical etching. Additionally, the superhydrophobic condensing surface may include nanostructured surfaces created through deposition of nanoscale structures.

(34) The use of a superhydrophilic condensing surface results in increased condensate formation.

(35) FIGS. 7 and 8 illustrate simplified schematic diagrams of a fourth preferred embodiment 70 of the apparatus of the present invention. Absorption refrigeration is employed in a heat driven refrigeration cycle utilizing a two-part fluid made up of an absorbent-refrigerant pair. Non-limiting examples include ammonia and water, ammonia and lithium nitrate, water and lithium bromide, water and lithium chloride, water and lithium bromide plus sodium formate. In a generator 72, heat is applied via an electric heater, gas flame, waste heat source, or other form of heat as shown by arrow 71 in order to drive the refrigerant from the fluid solution. From there, the refrigerant flows via a line 73 to and through a condenser 74 where it gives up heat to the surroundings and a refrigerant vapor condenses into a lower temperature liquid. In the embodiment shown, the condenser 74 includes a plurality of fins. From there, the refrigerant is directed via a line 75 to and through a throttling process where the pressure is rapidly dropped and colder refrigerant is created, as shown at expansion valve 76.

(36) Separately, the absorbent is returned to an absorber 80 via a line 83.

(37) The refrigerant thereafter flows via a line 77 to and through an evaporator of the cycle as the cold liquid refrigerant becomes vapor and delivers cooling. The evaporator in FIG. 7 includes a plurality of extending fins 78. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 8, the evaporator includes a plate 82 in communication with a tube or tubes. In each case, airflow is provided by a fan 84 or through natural convection flowing over the evaporator, as shown by arrows 86, causing condensation on the fins or plate.

(38) Finally, the refrigerant vapor is directed via line 79 back to the absorber 80 containing absorbent (where heat is removed) to restart the cycle in the generator, as shown by line 81.

(39) FIGS. 9 and 10 illustrate simplified schematic diagrams of a fifth preferred embodiment 90 of the apparatus of the present invention. Adsorption refrigeration is utilized with a heat driven refrigeration cycle similar in nature to an absorbent refrigeration cycle except that instead of a two-part fluid, a single refrigerant fluid adsorbs and desorbs onto a surface of a solid. Non-limiting examples of a refrigerant fluid are water, ammonia, and methanol.

(40) In an adsorbent bed 92, heat is applied via an electric heater, gas flame, waste heat source, or other form of heat, as shown by arrow 94. From there, refrigerant vapor flows via a line 93 to a condenser 96. Air is directed past the condenser 96 where the refrigerant gives up heat to the surroundings and the refrigerant vapor condenses into a lower temperature liquid. The condenser may include fins extending from a tube or tubes. The refrigerant is thereafter directed via line 97 through a throttling process which includes an expansion valve 98 where the pressure is rapidly dropped and cold refrigerant is created.

(41) Thereafter, the refrigerant flows through an evaporator of the cycle as the cold liquid refrigerant becomes all vapor and delivers cooling. The evaporator of the refrigeration cycle would include a condensing surface for atmospheric water generation. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 9, the evaporator includes extending fins 100 attached to a tube conveying the cold liquid. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 10, the evaporator includes a plate 102 attached to a tube conveying cold liquid. In each case, airflow is provided by a fan 88 or through natural convection, as shown by arrows 104.

(42) The refrigerant vapor is thereafter directed via a line 101 back to the adsorbent bed 92 to restart the cycle.

(43) The water condensing surface of either the fins or the plate 102 may include a metallic base material and a coating or coatings and may comprise a superhydrophobic condensing surface, a superhydrophilic condensing surface, or a combination thereof.

(44) The superhydrophobic condensing surface enhances the ability of the apparatus 60 to capture water from ambient air. Additionally, the superhydrophobic surface enhances drainage of condensed water in the condensing surface.

(45) The superhydrophobic condensing surface may include nanopatterned surfaces created through chemical etching. In addition, the superhydrophobic condensing surfaces may include nanoroughened surfaces created through chemical etching. Additionally, the superhydrophobic condensing surface may include nanostructured surfaces created through deposition of nanoscale structures.

(46) The use of a superhydrophilic condensing surface results in increased condensate formation.

(47) Whereas, the invention has been described in relation to the drawings attached hereto, it should be understood that other and further modifications, apart from those shown or suggested herein, may be made within the scope of this invention.