Abstract
This disclosure relates to a separating element for separating gas bubbles from a liquid, in particular from hydraulic oil, which includes a volume body with an open-pored material structure which has a plurality of cells which are arranged offset with respect to one another in such a manner that a plurality of flow paths for guiding gas bubbles through the material structure run in labyrinth-like manner, wherein the material structure includes at least one contact region in which at least two of the flow paths approach one another at least in sections, so that, in operation, the gas bubbles guided on the flow paths contact one another and thus join together to form a larger gas bubble. The disclosure further relates to a separating unit, a filter element, a filter housing, a filter device and a separating method.
Claims
1-20. (canceled)
21. A separating element for separating gas bubbles from a liquid, the separating element comprising: a volume body with an open-pored material structure having a plurality of cells offset with respect to one another such that a plurality of flow paths for guiding the gas bubbles through the material structure flow labyrinth-like; and a contact region included in the material structure, wherein at least two of the flow paths approach one another in the contact region at least in sections so that, in operation, the guided gas bubbles on the flow paths contact one another to join together to form larger gas bubbles.
22. The separating element of claim 21, wherein the at least two flow paths approach one another at least in sections in a plurality of contact regions for joining together the gas bubbles.
23. The separating element of claim 21, wherein the flow paths of the guided gas bubbles run through the material structure according to a cell size of adjacent cells.
24. The separating element of claim 21, wherein each of cells comprise a cell space having a plurality of cell openings, and wherein adjacent cells are connected together through the cell openings to form the labyrinth-like flow of the flow paths.
25. The separating element of claim 21, wherein the cells are formed such that the gas bubbles larger than individual cell openings accumulate in a cell space between the cell openings.
26. The separating element of claim 24, wherein the cell openings in each cell are one of a different size or an equal size.
27. The separating element of claim 21, wherein each of the cells have one of a different cell size or a different cell shape.
28. The separating element of claim 21, wherein the material structure of the volume body includes a microstructure for improved adhesion of the gas bubbles.
29. The separating element of claim 28, wherein the microstructure is formed by a nanocoating.
30. The separating element of claim 21, wherein a surface tension of the liquid is maintained on the volume body to support adhesion of the gas bubbles.
31. The separating element of claim 30, wherein the volume body includes a fluorine-containing plastic having a low specific surface energy.
32. The separating element of claim 30, wherein the volume body is made of PTFE.
33. The separating element of claim 21, wherein the volume body is formed by one of a three-dimensional plastic fabric, an open-pored foam, or a sintered 3D printing material.
34. The separating element of claim 21, wherein the material structure forms one or more of a grid structure or a honeycomb structure.
35. A separating unit for separating gas bubbles from a liquid such as hydraulic oil comprising: a separating element including, a volume body with an open-pored material structure having a plurality of cells offset with respect to one another such that a plurality of flow paths for guiding the gas bubbles through the material structure flow labyrinth-like, and a contact region included in the material structure, wherein at least two of the flow paths approach one another in the contact region at least in sections so that, in operation, the guided gas bubbles on the flow paths contact one another to join together to form larger gas bubbles, the separating unit mountable on a filter element or a filter outlet tube.
36. The separating unit of claim 35 further comprising: an inlet side and an outlet side, wherein at least one filter layer for filtering solids present in the liquid is arranged between the inlet side and the outlet side, and wherein the separating element is provided on the outlet side, thereby to separate the gas bubbles present in the liquid.
37. The separating unit of claim 36, wherein the separating element is configured and arranged between the filter element and a filter housing having a plurality of outlet openings through which the liquid flows out of the filter housing during operation.
38. The separating unit of claim 36, further comprising a return filter, for cleaning liquids, having the separating element.
39. A method for separating gas bubbles from a liquid comprising: providing a filter element having a volume body with an open-pored material structure including a plurality of cells offset with respect to one another such that a plurality of flow paths for guiding the gas bubbles through the material structure flow labyrinth-like, wherein a contact region is included in the material structure, and wherein at least two of the flow paths approach one another in the contact region at least in sections so that, in operation, the guided gas bubbles on the flow paths contact one another to join together to form larger gas bubbles; and forcing a flow of the liquid through the filter element.
40. The method of claim 39, further comprising: destroying a surface boundary layer of the gas bubbles upon contact with the material structure such that the gas bubbles join together to form a larger gas bubble to increase a buoyancy force of the gas bubbles in the liquid.
Description
[0035] In the following, the invention is explained in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The illustrated embodiments are examples on how the separating element according to the invention, the filter element according to the invention, the filter housing according the invention and the filter device according to the invention can be configured.
[0036] In the figures:
[0037] FIG. 1 shows the schematic diagram of a separating element according to an exemplary embodiment according to the invention, during the separation of gas bubbles of different sizes contained in a liquid;
[0038] FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of the separating element according to FIG. 1, during the separation of gas bubbles of medium size;
[0039] FIG. 3 shows a schematic diagram of the separating element according to FIG. 1, during the separation of large gas bubbles;
[0040] FIG. 4 shows a schematic diagram of the separating element according to FIG. 1, during the separation of dispersed, in particular very small gas bubbles;
[0041] FIG. 5 shows a perspective view of a filter device according to an exemplary embodiment according to the invention;
[0042] FIG. 6 shows a perspective view of a filter element of a filter device according to FIG. 5;
[0043] FIG. 7 shows a perspective view of a filter element according to an exemplary embodiment according to invention;
[0044] FIG. 8 shows a perspective view of a filter element according to a further exemplary embodiment according to the invention;
[0045] FIG. 9 shows a perspective view of a filter device according to another exemplary embodiment according to the invention; and
[0046] FIG. 10 shows a perspective view of a filter device according to another exemplary embodiment according to the invention.
[0047] FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a separating element 10 according to an exemplary embodiment according to the invention, during the separation of gas bubbles of different sizes present in a liquid. The separating element 10 serves for separating gas bubbles from liquids such as hydraulic oil, lubricating oil, engine oil or the like. In the following description, the liquids are generally referred to as oil and the gas bubbles as air bubbles.
[0048] The separating element 10 is often used in combination with filter devices which, together with a tank, form a tank filter system. Such filter devices are shown in FIGS. 5 and 7 to 10, which will be discussed in more detail later.
[0049] According to FIG. 1, an approximately real air bubble distribution is shown in a tank filter system of the aforementioned kind. Conventionally, the separation of the air bubbles from the oil takes place when the oil enters the tank. The separating element 10 can be partially or completely arranged in the oil stored in the tank.
[0050] As can be seen in FIG. 1, in a lower region 33 of the tank there are small air bubbles 29, in a middle region 34 are medium-sized air bubbles 11 and in an upper region 35 are large air bubbles 28. This distribution of the air bubbles 11, 28, 29 results from the fact that the small air bubbles 29 have a low buoyancy force in the oil and large air bubbles have a large buoyancy force. Thus, medium-sized air bubbles 11 accumulate in an intermediate layer between the small and large air bubbles.
[0051] As shown schematically in FIGS. 1 to 4, the separating element 10 is formed by a volume body 12 having an open-pored material structure 13. The material structure 13 has a plurality of cells 14 which are arranged offset to each other. The cells 14 are offset to each other in such a manner that a plurality of flow paths 15 for guiding the air bubbles 11, 28, 29 through the material structure 13 run in a labyrinth-like manner. The flow paths 15 run three-dimensionally deflected by the material structure 13. The labyrinth-like course of several flow paths 15 is shown schematically, for example, in the middle region 34 according to FIG. 1 and in FIGS. 2 to 4.
[0052] During operation, the oil flows into the volume body 12 at an inlet side 31 of the separating element 10 and out of the volume body 12 again at an outlet side 32. The air bubbles 11, 28, 29 in the oil are guided along the flow paths 15 in the volume body 12. FIG. 1 schematically illustrates four of the flow paths 15 as an example.
[0053] The flow paths 15 run through the material structure 13, depending on the cell size of the adjacent cells 14. The cell size of the cells 14 can change continuously along the respective flow path 15. It is conceivable that the cell size of the cells 14 increases continuously along the respective flow path 15. In other words, proceeding from a small cell 14, the respective flow path 15 can run in a labyrinth-like manner through increasingly larger cells 14.
[0054] The cells 14 each comprise a cell space 17 with several cell openings 18. The adjacent cells 14 are connected to each other by the cell openings 18. The labyrinth-like course of the flow paths 15 can be formed depending on the size of the cell openings 18 and the respective size of the air bubbles 11, 28 and 29. In other words, during operation, the air bubbles 11, 28, 29 can flow along a corresponding flow path 15 depending on the size of the cell openings 18 and the size of the air bubbles 11, 28, 29. For example, if an air bubble 11, 29 is smaller than or equal in size to the cell opening 18, the air bubble 11, 29 can flow through cell opening 18 from a cell 14 to the adjacent further cell 14.
[0055] The cell openings 18 of an individual cell 14 can be of different sizes. It is also conceivable that cell openings 18 of an individual cell 14 have the same size. In general, cells 14 have a different cell size. Cells 14 can have a different cell shape. As shown schematically in FIG. 1, the material structure 13 is honeycombed.
[0056] In a schematic illustration according to FIGS. 2 to 4, the material structure 13 is configured in a grid-like manner. It can be seen that the cells 14 of the material structure 13 are offset from each other. Cells 14 can be offset from one another at regular or irregular intervals. Thus, when flowing through the volume body 12, the air bubbles 11, 28, 29 are deflected through the material structure 13. In other words, the air bubbles 11, 28, 29 flow in labyrinth-like manner through the volume body 12.
[0057] The material structure 13 has several contact regions 16 in which the flow paths 15 approach each other in certain sections. The contact regions 16 are arranged distributed in the material structure 13. The contact regions 16 can be arranged distributed evenly or unevenly. When flowing through the separating element 10, the air bubbles 11 and 29 guided along the flow paths 15 collide and thereby join together to form a larger air bubble 11′. It is also conceivable that due to temporally different occurrences, the air bubbles 11 are guided through the volume body 12 without the air bubbles 11 meeting further air bubbles.
[0058] The separating element 10 combines three different types of air bubble separation from the oil, which are explained in more detail below with reference to FIGS. 2 to 4.
[0059] FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of the separating element 10. The material structure 13 is constructed such that the cells 14 are arranged offset from one another. Here, the squares filled out in black each schematically illustrate a cell web 36 in cross-section, which delimit cell openings 18 formed therebetween. Furthermore, a plurality of cells 14 or cell spaces 17 are provided, which are delimited by the cell webs 36. As can be seen in FIG. 2, the cell openings 18 are of different sizes in some cases.
[0060] According to FIG. 2, a separation process of air bubbles 11 having a medium bubble size is shown. The medium-sized air bubbles 11 are formed smaller than the cell space 17 of the cells 14 and/or the cell openings 18. During operation, the oil and the air bubbles 11 contained in the oil flow into the volume body 12 on the inlet side 31 at an inflow velocity V1. Depending on the respective bubble size, the medium-sized air bubbles 11 can flow in a labyrinth-like manner along one or more corresponding flow paths 15 through the volume body 12. Due to the offset arrangement of the cell webs 36 or the cell spaces 17, the flow paths 15 are formed in a labyrinth-like manner in the volume body 12. In other words, the flow paths 15 include a plurality of directional changes, in particular deflections. This results in a labyrinth effect. The individual flow paths 15 of the air bubbles 11 are merged in sections in several, in particular at least two, contact regions 16.
[0061] For better illustration, only two contact regions 16 of the flow paths 15 are shown in FIG. 2 as well as FIGS. 3 and 4. In the contact regions 16, the individual air bubbles 11 of the various flow paths 15 collide, thereby destroying a surface boundary layer of the medium-sized air bubbles 11. In the respective contact region 16, the individual air bubbles 11′ join together by colliding and form a larger air bubble 11′. In other words, the individual bubbles 11 coalesce to form the larger bubble 11′. This process is generally referred to as coalescence. The larger air bubble 11′ then continues to flow along an adapted flow path 15 through the volume body 12. The adapted flow path 15 can subsequently approach one and/or more further flow paths 15, so that the larger air bubble 11′ joins together with further air bubbles 11, 11′ to form an even larger air bubble. If an enlarged air bubble 11′ has a size that is larger than the size of the cell openings 18, it is deposited in cell space 17 between the cell openings 18. In other words, enlarged air bubbles 11′ larger than the cell openings 18 are trapped in the corresponding cell space 17.
[0062] The enlarged air bubbles 11′ exit from the volume body 12 on the outlet side 32 of the separating element 10. Due to the coalescence of the medium-sized air bubbles 11 to larger air bubbles 11′, they have an increased vertical ascent energy, in particular ascent speed. This is generally referred to as buoyancy. Due to the increased volume of the air bubbles 11′, they rise faster in the oil, which improves outgassing of the air content in the oil.
[0063] At the outlet side 32, the oil and the air bubbles 11′ contained in the oil have an outflow velocity V2 which is lower than the inflow velocity V1. The separating element 10 homogenizes the flow of the oil so that an enlarged outlet region 37 is formed. Due to the homogenized flow and the reduced outflow velocity V2 on the outlet side 32, a rapid rise of the enlarged air bubbles 11′ is facilitated.
[0064] FIG. 3 shows a schematic diagram of the separating element 10, wherein large air bubbles 28 are separated from the oil. The large air bubbles 28 are larger than the cell openings 18 of the cells 14. During operation, the oil and the large air bubbles 28 contained in the oil flow into the volume body 12 on the inlet side 31. Since the cell openings 18 are smaller than the large air bubbles 18, the latter cannot flow through the cell openings 18. In other words, the cell openings 18 are formed such that the large air bubbles 28 get stuck at or in the cell openings 18. The large air bubbles 28 accumulate in the cell space 17 between the cell openings 18. The large air bubbles 28 accumulate until a vertical acceleration energy, in particular a buoyancy velocity, is lower than the throughflow velocity of the oil. If the buoyancy of the large air bubbles 28 is less than the throughflow velocity, the large air bubbles 28 exit the volume body 12 and rise rapidly in the oil due to their large buoyancy volume.
[0065] FIG. 4 shows a schematic diagram of the separating element 10, wherein dispersed, especially very small, air bubbles 28 are separated from the oil. The small air bubbles 29 are smaller than the cell openings 18 of the cells 14. During operation, the oil and the small air bubbles 29 contained in the oil flow in on the inlet side 31. Since the finely dispersed air bubbles 29 have a very high specific, in particular internal, surface energy, in particular high surface tension, they cannot be joined together by the mere collision of the small air bubbles 29. In order to nevertheless separate the small air bubbles 12 from the oil, the volume body 12 or the material structure 13 is formed from a material which has a low specific surface energy, in particular surface tension, for improved adhesion of the small air bubbles 29. Preferably, the material of the volume body 12 has a lower surface tension than the oil flowing through it. The volume body 12 or the material structure 13 can be formed from a fluorine-containing plastic, in particular PTFE. Furthermore, the volume body 12 can be formed by a three-dimensional plastic fabric or an open-pored plastic foam or an open-pored metal foam or a sintered 3D printing material.
[0066] Additionally or alternatively, the material of the volume body 12 has a microstructure 19 for better adhesion of the small air bubbles 29. Specifically, the individual cell webs 36 have the low surface tension and/or the microstructure 19. The microstructure 19 can be formed by a nanocoating. The individual cell webs 36 of a cell 14 each form an adhesive area to which the small air bubbles 29 adhere. From the microscopic point of view, the individual cell webs 36 and the cells 14 adsorb the small air bubbles 29. It is also conceivable that the medium-sized air bubbles 11 and/or the enlarged air bubbles 11′ adhere to the cell webs 36.
[0067] The small air bubbles 29 flow in a labyrinth-like manner along one or more flow paths 15 through the volume body 12. As described in FIG. 2, the flow paths 15 are formed in the volume body 12. Due to the offset arrangement of the cells 14 or the cell webs 36, the residence time of the small air bubbles 29 in the volume body 12 is extended in order to adhere to the surface of the material structure 13 or the cell webs 36. The small air bubbles 29 accumulate on the cell webs 36. From the macroscopic point of view, the small air bubbles 29 are absorbed by the volume body 12 or the separating element 10 and thus are separated from the oil.
[0068] FIG. 5 shows a perspective view of a filter device 30 comprising a filter head 38, a filter housing 22 and a separating element 10 according to FIGS. 1 to 4. Furthermore, the filter device 30 has a filter element 21 according to FIG. 6, which is covered by the filter housing 22. The filter housing 22 and the separating element 10 are of cylindrical shape. The filter housing 22 is arranged on the filter head 38. Furthermore, the separating element 10 is arranged on the filter housing 22.
[0069] The filter device 30 has an inlet side 24, wherein during operation, the oil flows into the filter head 38 through an inlet opening 39. The flow direction of the oil is indicated by the arrows shown. Furthermore, the filter device 30 has an outlet side 25 on which the separating element 10 is arranged. During operation, the oil flows on the outlet side 25, for example, into a storage tank, in particular a hydraulic tank. Specifically, the separating element 10 is connected to the filter housing 22. The filter housing 22 forms a filter outlet tube 23. According to FIG. 5, the filter housing 22 and the separating element 10 are provided as a unit. The separating element 10 can be part of a separating unit which is detachably connected to the filter housing 22.
[0070] FIG. 6 shows a filter element 21 inserted into the filter housing 22 of the filter device 30 according to FIG. 5. The filter element 21 is designed to be exchangeable. As shown in FIG. 6, during operation, the oil flows through the filter element 21 from the inside to the outside. According to FIG. 5, an annular space, which is not shown, is formed between the filter element 21 and the filter housing 22, in which the oil flows to the separating element 10. Air bubbles 11, 28, 29 trapped in the oil are separated from the oil in the separating element 10. Thus, the oil is cleaned by the separating element 10.
[0071] FIG. 7 shows a filter element 21 according to an exemplary embodiment according to the invention, wherein during operation, the flow through the filter element 21 runs from the outside to the inside. A separating element 10 according to FIGS. 1 to 4 is provided on the filter element 21. The separating element 10 is arranged downstream of the filter element 21 as viewed in the longitudinal direction. The separating element 10 has a cylindrical shape. The separating element 10 can be part of a separating unit which is detachably connected to the filter element 21. In the installed state of the filter element 21, the separating element 10 is completely arranged in the oil. This can be seen from the liquid level 41 shown. It is also conceivable that in the installed state of the filter element 21, the separating element 10 is partially arranged in the oil. This also applies to the separating elements 10 according to FIGS. 8 to 10.
[0072] In a filter element 21 according to FIG. 8, a separating element 10 according to FIGS. 1 to 4 is provided, which is arranged laterally on the filter element 21 on the outflow side. In other words, the separating element 10 on the filter element 21 is arranged radially outside transverse to the longitudinal direction of the filter element 21. As can be seen from the arrows illustrated, the flow during operation runs through the filter element 21 from the inside to the outside.
[0073] Filter element 21 is arranged, for example, in a filter device 30 according to FIG. 9. Specifically, the filter element 21 in FIG. 9 is arranged according to FIG. 8 in such a manner that the separating element 10 is arranged radially between an inner wall of the filter housing 22 and a radial outer side of the filter element 21. The filter housing 22 of the filter device 30 has several outlet openings 26 through which the oil flows out of the filter housing 22 during operation. The outlet openings 26 on the filter housing 22 extend circumferentially in an evenly distributed manner. The outlet openings 26 are circular in shape. It is also conceivable that the outlet openings 26 are slit-shaped or have a different shape.
[0074] FIG. 10 shows a perspective view of a filter device 30 according to another exemplary embodiment according to the invention. As with the filter devices 30 according to FIGS. 5 and 9, the filter device 30 according to FIG. 10 has an inserted filter element 21 and a separating element 10 according to FIGS. 1 to 4. In the case of the filter device according to FIG. 10, the separating element 10 is arranged in a lower region of the filter housing 22. In other words, the separating element 10 is arranged in the filter housing 22. The separating element 10 is provided between the inner wall of the filter housing 22 and the outer jacket of the filter element 21. During operation, the oil flows through the filter element 21 from the inside to the outside, wherein the oil flows out laterally through the filter housing 22.
REFERENCE LIST
[0075] 10 Separating element [0076] 11, 11′ Gas bubble [0077] 12 Volume body [0078] 13 Open-pored material structure [0079] 14 Cells [0080] 15 Flow path [0081] 16 Contact region [0082] 17 Cell space [0083] 18 Cell opening [0084] 19 Microstructure [0085] 20 Separating unit [0086] 21 Filter element [0087] 22 Filter housing [0088] 23 Filter outlet tube [0089] 24 Inlet side [0090] 25 Outlet side [0091] 26 Outlet openings [0092] 27 Buoyancy force [0093] 28 Large gas bubble [0094] 29 Small gas bubble [0095] 30 Filter device [0096] 31 Inlet side [0097] 32 Outlet side [0098] 33 Lower region [0099] 34 Middle region [0100] 35 Upper region [0101] 36 Cell web [0102] 37 Outlet region [0103] 38 Filter head [0104] 39 Inlet opening [0105] 41 Liquid level [0106] V1 Inflow velocity [0107] V2 Outflow velocity
