Adjustable shelf
11723456 · 2023-08-15
Assignee
Inventors
Cpc classification
A47B96/025
HUMAN NECESSITIES
International classification
Abstract
An adjustable shelving system comprised of a plurality of interconnecting shelf sections including a front side shelf section, a right side shelf section and a left side shelf section. At least one of the three shelf sections is independently adjustable in length to adjust a length and/or width of the shelving system and are supported by legs that are also independently adjustable in height.
Claims
1. An adjustable shelf system, comprising: a first shelf section comprised of a first L-shaped portion having a first leg and a second leg and a first adjustable portion interconnected to the first leg of the first shelf section to form a first slidable connection, whereby sliding the first adjustable portion relative to the first leg of the first L-shaped portion adjusts a length of the first shelf section; a second shelf section comprised of a second L-shaped portion having a first leg and a second leg and a second adjustable portion interconnected to the first leg of the second shelf section to form a second slidable connection, whereby sliding the second adjustable portion relative to the first leg of the second L-shaped portion adjusts a length of the second shelf section, the second leg of the first L-shaped portion interconnected to the second leg of the second L-shaped portion to form a third shelf section, whereby sliding the second leg of the first L-shaped portion relative to the second leg of the second L-shaped portion adjusts a length of the third shelf section, the first, second and third shelf sections together forming a U-shaped shelf; and a plurality of legs attached to an underside of the U-shaped shelf, each of the plurality of legs being adjustable in height; wherein the first adjustable portion is comprised of a first base portion from which a first plurality of fingers depend and the first leg of the first L-shaped portion defines a first plurality of channels, each configured to receive one of the first plurality of fingers to form the first slidable connection when the first plurality of fingers are inserted into the first plurality of channels; and wherein a top surface of the first L-shaped portion, including top surfaces of each portion interposed between the plurality of channels, and a top surface of the first adjustable portion, including top surfaces of each of the first plurality of fingers, are planarly aligned.
2. The adjustable shelf system of claim 1, wherein the second adjustable portion is comprised of a second base portion from which a second plurality of fingers depend and the first leg of the second L-shaped portion defines a second plurality of channels, each configured to receive one of the second plurality of fingers to form the second slidable connection when the second plurality of fingers are inserted into the second plurality of channels.
3. The adjustable shelf system of claim 2, wherein the second leg of the first L-shaped portion defines a third plurality of channels and the second leg of the second L-shaped portion comprises a third plurality of fingers, the third plurality of channels each configured to receive one of the third plurality of fingers to form the third slidable connection when the third plurality of fingers are inserted into the third plurality of channels.
4. The adjustable shelf of claim 3, wherein a top surface of the first L-shaped portion, including top surfaces of each portion interposed between the third plurality of channels, and a top surface of the second L-shaped portion, including top surfaces of each of the third plurality of fingers, are planarly aligned.
5. The adjustable shelf of claim 3, wherein the first L-shaped portion includes a first base plate that forms a bottom of each of the first and third plurality of channels, each of the first and third plurality of channels being rectangular in shape and each sized to receive a respective finger of the first and third plurality of fingers.
6. The adjustable shelf of claim 5, wherein each of the plurality of first, second and third channels are formed by upwardly depending walls from a respective base plate and upper surface wall sections that define slots sized and shaped to receive a top portions of each respective on of the plurality of first, second and third fingers, such that a respective top surface of each of the upper surface wall sections and top surfaces of each of the top portions of respective fingers are substantially coplanar when the fingers are inserted into respective channels.
7. The adjustable shelf of claim 6, wherein each of the plurality of upper surface wall sections overhang one or more respective channels to define a plurality of slots between adjacent upper surface wall sections and each finger of the plurality of first, second and third fingers define stepped top portions, each stepped top portion configured to fit within a respective one of the plurality of slots so that top surfaces of the plurality of upper surface wall sections and of each of the plurality of first, second and third fingers define a substantially continuous surface along locations of finger to channel engagement.
8. The adjustable shelf of claim 7, wherein each of the plurality of first, second and third fingers are spaced apart and aligned in parallel to match a spacing and alignment of respective first, second and third channels.
9. The adjustable shelf of claim 3, wherein at least two of each of the first, second and third plurality of fingers include downwardly depending tabs at their respective distal ends, each tab configured to engage with a corresponding bottom slot in a corresponding channel so as to form a stop when the first, second and third fingers are retracted from respective first, second and third channels.
10. The adjustable shelf of claim 2, wherein a top surface of the second L-shaped portion, including top surfaces of each portion interposed between the second plurality of channels, and a top surface of the second adjustable portion, including top surfaces of each of the second plurality of fingers, are planarly aligned.
11. The adjustable shelf system of claim 1, wherein the first adjustable portion and the second adjustable portion are identically configured.
12. The adjustable shelf system of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of legs are comprised of first and second leg portions, the first and second leg portions connected in a telescopic manner to allow adjustment of height of each of the plurality of legs.
13. The adjustable shelf system of claim 12, wherein a first leg of the plurality of legs is attached to an underside of the first adjustable portion, a second leg of the plurality of legs is attached to an underside of the second adjustable portion, a third leg of the plurality of legs is attached to an underside of the first L-shaped portion and a fourth leg of the plurality of legs is attached to an underside of the second L-shaped portion.
14. The adjustable shelf system of claim 12, wherein each of the first leg portions form a crescent shaped tube defining an opening within which a lower extending portion of each of the second leg portions is insertable.
15. The adjustable shelf system of claim 14, wherein each of the first leg portions include a self-biasing tab and each of the second leg portions include a plurality of evenly spaced and horizontally extending slots so that when the second leg portion is inserted into the first leg portion, retraction of the tab away from the second leg portion allows the first and second leg portions to slide relative to one another and releasing the tab allows the tab to engage with one of the plurality of slots such that the first leg portion is held to second leg portion by an engagement of the tab with the one of the plurality of slots.
16. The adjustable shelf of claim 1, wherein an upper end of each of the plurality of legs is configured to mate with the U-shaped shelf by sliding engagement, wherein an upper end of each leg includes a perimeter wall that extends above a top surface of the upper end, the perimeter wall defines a channel to receive a lip of a respective shelf portion to secure the respective shelf portion to the leg.
17. An adjustable shelf system, comprising: a first shelf section comprised of a first L-shaped portion having a first leg and a second leg and a first adjustable portion interconnected to the first leg of the first shelf section to form a first slidable connection, whereby sliding the first adjustable portion relative to the first leg of the first L-shaped portion adjusts a length of the first shelf section; and a second shelf section comprised of a second L-shaped portion having a first leg and a second leg and a second adjustable portion interconnected to the first leg of the second shelf section to form a second slidable connection, whereby sliding the second adjustable portion relative to the first leg of the second L-shaped portion adjusts a length of the second shelf section, the second leg of the first L-shaped portion interconnected to the second leg of the second L-shaped portion to form a third shelf section, whereby sliding the second leg of the first L-shaped portion relative to the second leg of the second L-shaped portion adjusts a length of the third shelf section, the first, second and third shelf sections together forming a U-shaped shelf; wherein the second adjustable portion is comprised of a second base portion from which a second plurality of fingers depend and the first leg of the second L-shaped portion defines a second plurality of channels, each configured to receive one of the second plurality of fingers to form the second slidable connection when the second plurality of fingers are inserted into the second plurality of channels; wherein the second leg of the first L-shaped portion defines a third plurality of channels and the second leg of the second L-shaped portion comprises a third plurality of fingers, the third plurality of channels each configured to receive one of the third plurality of fingers to form the third slidable connection when the third plurality of fingers are inserted into the third plurality of channels; and wherein the first L-shaped portion includes a first base plate that forms a bottom of each of the first and third plurality of channels, each of the first and third plurality of channels being rectangular in shape and each sized to receive a respective finger of the first and third plurality of fingers.
18. The adjustable shelf system of claim 17, further comprising a plurality of legs attached to an underside of the U-shaped shelf, each of the plurality of legs being adjustable in height.
19. The adjustable shelf system of claim 18, wherein each of the plurality of legs are comprised of first and second leg portions, the first and second leg portions connected in a telescopic manner to allow adjustment of height of each of the plurality of legs.
20. The adjustable shelf system of claim 19, wherein a first leg of the plurality of legs is attached to an underside of the first adjustable portion, a second leg of the plurality of legs is attached to an underside of the second adjustable portion, a third leg of the plurality of legs is attached to an underside of the first L-shaped portion and a fourth leg of the plurality of legs is attached to an underside of the second L-shaped portion.
21. The adjustable shelf system of claim 20, wherein each of the first leg portions form a crescent shaped tube defining an opening within which a lower extending portion of each of the second leg portions is insertable.
22. The adjustable shelf system of claim 21, wherein each of the first leg portions include a self-biasing tab and each of the second leg portions include a plurality of evenly spaced and horizontally extending slots so that when the second leg portion is inserted into the first leg portion, retraction of the tab away from the second leg portion allows the first and second leg portions to slide relative to one another and releasing the tab allows the tab to engage with one of the plurality of slots such that the first leg portion is held to second leg portion by an engagement of the tab with the one of the plurality of slots.
23. The adjustable shelf of claim 22, wherein an upper end of each of the plurality of legs is configured to mate with the U-shaped shelf by sliding engagement, wherein an upper end of each leg includes a perimeter wall that extends above a top surface of the upper end, the perimeter wall defines a channel to receive a lip of a respective shelf portion to secure the respective shelf portion to the leg.
24. The adjustable shelf system of claim 17, wherein the second adjustable portion is comprised of a second base portion from which a second plurality of fingers depend and the first leg of the second L-shaped portion defines a second plurality of channels, each configured to receive one of the second plurality of fingers to form the second slidable connection when the second plurality of fingers are inserted into the second plurality of channels.
25. The adjustable shelf of claim 17, wherein a top surface of the first L-shaped portion, including top surfaces of each portion interposed between the plurality of channels, and a top surface of the first adjustable portion, including top surfaces of each of the first plurality of fingers, are planarly aligned.
26. The adjustable shelf of claim 25, wherein a top surface of the second L-shaped portion, including top surfaces of each portion interposed between the second plurality of channels, and a top surface of the second adjustable portion, including top surfaces of each of the second plurality of fingers, are planarly aligned.
27. The adjustable shelf of claim 17, wherein the first L-shaped portion includes a first base plate that forms a bottom of each of the first and third plurality of channels, each of the first and third plurality of channels being rectangular in shape and each sized to receive a respective finger of the first and third plurality of fingers.
28. The adjustable shelf of claim 27, wherein each of the plurality of first, second and third channels are formed by upwardly depending walls from a respective base plate and upper surface wall sections that define slots sized and shaped to receive a top portions of each respective on of the plurality of first, second and third fingers, such that a respective top surface of each of the upper surface wall sections and top surfaces of each of the top portions of respective fingers are substantially coplanar when the fingers are inserted into respective channels.
29. The adjustable shelf of claim 28, wherein each of the plurality of upper surface wall sections overhang one or more respective channels to define a plurality of slots between adjacent upper surface wall sections and each finger of the plurality of first, second and third fingers define stepped top portions, each stepped top portion configured to fit within a respective one of the plurality of slots so that top surfaces of the plurality of upper surface wall sections and of each of the plurality of first, second and third fingers define a substantially continuous surface along locations of finger to channel engagement.
30. The adjustable shelf of claim 17, wherein at least two of each of the first, second and third plurality of fingers include downwardly depending tabs at their respective distal ends, each tab configured to engage with a corresponding bottom slot in a corresponding channel so as to form a stop when the first, second and third fingers are retracted from respective first, second and third channels.
Description
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
(1) When considered in connection with the following illustrative figures, a more complete understanding of the present invention may be derived by referring to the detailed description. In the figures, like reference numbers refer to like elements or acts throughout the figures. Various embodiments of the present invention are shown and described in reference to the numbered drawings wherein:
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(11) It will be appreciated that the drawings are illustrative and not limiting of the scope of the invention, which is defined by the appended claims. The embodiments shown accomplish various aspects and objects of the invention. It is appreciated that it is not possible to clearly show each element and aspect of the invention in a single figure, and as such, multiple figures are presented to separately illustrate the various details of the invention in greater clarity. Similarly, not every embodiment need accomplish all advantages of the present invention. Elements and acts in the figures are illustrated for simplicity and have not necessarily been rendered according to any particular sequence or embodiment.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE ILLUSTRATED EMBODIMENTS
(12) The invention and accompanying drawings will now be discussed in reference to the numerals provided therein so as to enable one skilled in the art to practice the present invention. The drawings and descriptions are exemplary of various aspects of the invention and are not intended to narrow the scope of the appended claims. Unless specifically noted, it is intended that the words and phrases in the specification and the claims be given their plain, ordinary, and accustomed meaning to those of ordinary skill in the applicable arts. It is noted that the inventor can be his own lexicographer. The inventor expressly elects, as her own lexicographer, to use only the plain and ordinary meaning of terms in the specification and claims unless they clearly state otherwise and then further, expressly set forth the “special” definition of that term and explain how it differs from the plain and ordinary meaning. Absent such clear statements of intent to apply a “special” definition, it is the inventor's intent and desire that the simple, plain and ordinary meaning to the terms be applied to the interpretation of the specification and claims.
(13) The inventor is also aware of the normal precepts of English grammar. Thus, if a noun, term, or phrase is intended to be further characterized, specified, or narrowed in some way, then such noun, term, or phrase will expressly include additional adjectives, descriptive terms, or other modifiers in accordance with the normal precepts of English grammar. Absent the use of such adjectives, descriptive terms, or modifiers, it is the intent that such nouns, terms, or phrases be given their plain, and ordinary English meaning to those skilled in the applicable arts as set forth above.
(14) Further, the inventor is fully informed of the standards and application of the special provisions of 35 U.S.C. § 112(f). Thus, the use of the words “function,” “means” or “step” in the Detailed Description of the Invention or claims is not intended to somehow indicate a desire to invoke the special provisions of 35 U.S.C. § 112(f), to define the invention. To the contrary, if the provisions of 35 U.S.C. § 112(f) are sought to be invoked to define the inventions, the claims will specifically and expressly state the exact phrases “means for” or “step for” and the specific function (e.g., “means for filtering”), without also reciting in such phrases any structure, material or act in support of the function. Thus, even when the claims recite a “means for . . . ” or “step for . . . ” if the claims also recite any structure, material or acts in support of that means or step, or that perform the recited function, then it is the clear intention of the inventor not to invoke the provisions of 35 U.S.C. § 112(f). Moreover, even if the provisions of 35 U.S.C. § 112(f) are invoked to define the claimed inventions, it is intended that the inventions not be limited only to the specific structure, material or acts that are described in the illustrated embodiments, but in addition, include any and all structures, materials or acts that perform the claimed function as described in alternative embodiments or forms of the invention, or that are well known present or later-developed, equivalent structures, material or acts for performing the claimed function.
(15) In the following description, and for the purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the various aspects of the invention. It will be understood, however, by those skilled in the relevant arts, that the present invention may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, known structures and devices are shown or discussed more generally in order to avoid obscuring the invention. In many cases, a description of the operation is sufficient to enable one to implement the various forms of the invention, particularly when the operation is to be implemented in software. It should be noted that there are many different and alternative configurations, devices and technologies to which the disclosed inventions may be applied. Thus, the full scope of the inventions is not limited to the examples that are described below.
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(17) The first shelf section 12 is comprised of a first L-shaped portion 26 and a first adjustable portion 28 interconnected and slidable to a first leg 29 the L-shaped portion 26, whereby sliding the first adjustable portion 28 relative to the first L-shaped portion 26 adjusts the overall length of the first shelf section 12. Likewise, the second shelf section 14 is comprised of a second L-shaped portion 30 and a second adjustable portion 32 interconnected and slidable relative to a first leg 31 of the second L-shaped portion 30, whereby sliding the second adjustable portion 32 relative to the second L-shaped portion 30 adjusts the overall length of the first shelf section 14. The second legs 34 and 36 of the first and second L-shaped portions 26 and 30, respectively, are interconnected in a slidable manner to form the third shelf section 16. When the first and second shelf sections 12 and 14 are moved toward or away from one another, the length of the shelf section 16 is adjusted. As will be described in more detail, the slidable connections 40, 41 and 42 of the of the shelf sections 12, 14 and 16, respectively, are formed by a plurality of interlocking fingers and channels interposed between and slidable relative to one another, the top surfaces of which form respective top surfaces of the shelf sections 12, 14 and 16. This interconnecting and slidable connection allows for length adjustments of each shelf section 12, 14 and 16 without the need to physically alter a shelf section (as by removing one or more portions of one or more shelf sections) to adjust a length of the shelf section. Additionally, the ability to adjust the length of each shelf section 12, 14 and 16 from long to short and back to long allows for size adjustment of the adjustable shelf 10 as needs change or if the adjustable shelf 10 is to be moved to another location where size adjustment is necessary or desired.
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(19) The first shelf section 12 comprised of shelf portions 26 and 28 are supported by legs 21 and 22. Leg 21 is comprised of two leg portions 21′ and 21″. The leg portions 21′ and 21″ are combinable in a telescopic manner such that a length of the leg 21 is adjustable. Likewise, the leg 22 is comprised of two leg portions 22′ and 22″. The leg portions 22′ and 22″ are also combinable in a telescopic manner such that a length of the leg 22 is adjustable.
(20) Similarly, the second shelf section 14 comprised of shelf portions 30 and 32 are supported by legs 23 and 24. Leg 23 is comprised of two leg portions 23′ and 23″. The leg portions 23′ and 23″ are combinable in a telescopic manner such that a length of the leg 23 is adjustable. Likewise, the leg 24 is comprised of two leg portions 24′ and 24″. The leg portions 24′ and 24″ are also combinable in a telescopic manner such that a length of the leg 24 is adjustable.
(21) Each of the lower leg portions 21″, 22″, 23″ and 24″ form a crescent shaped tube defining an opening within which the lower extending portions of the upper leg portions 21′, 22′, 23′ and 24′ can be inserted. In order to accommodate adjustment of a height of a leg, each lower leg portion 12″, 22″, 23″ and 24″ include a self-biasing tab 44, 45, 46 and 47, respectively. In addition, each of the upper leg portions 21′, 22′, 23′ and 24′ include a plurality of evenly spaced and horizontally extending slots, such as slots 23A, 23B, 23C and 23D. When the upper leg portion 23′ is inserted into the lower leg portion 23″, retraction of the tab 46 away from the upper leg portion 23′ allows the upper and lower leg portions 23′ and 23″ to slide relative to one another. Releasing the tab 46 allows the tab 46 to engage with one of the slots 23A, 23B, 23C and 23D such that the lower leg portion 23″ is held to upper leg portion 23′ by the engagement of the tab 46 with one of the slots 23A, 23B, 23C and 23D. Each of the other legs 21, 22 and 24 are similarly configured with the slots in each upper leg portion being arranged at the same height the slots 23A, 23B, 23C and 23D in upper leg portion 23′. This allows for adjustments of each of the legs 21, 22, 23 and 24 to the same height to support each of the four corners of the shelf 10 to the same height above a surface.
(22) The upper ends of each leg 21, 22, 23 and 24 are configured to mate with and be retained relative to an underside of the U-shaped shelf 18, with one leg positioned at each of the four corners of the U-shaped shelf 18. The upper end of each leg 21, 22, 23 and 24 has a greater cross-sectional surface area than a cross sectional area of the lower end of the leg. This provides a larger surface area for supporting the shelf and for attachment of each leg 21, 22, 23 and 24 to the underside of the U-shaped shelf 18.
(23) Each leg 21, 22, 23 and 24 is attached to the U-shaped shelf 18 by sliding engagement. For example, with reference to leg 24, the upper end 150 includes a perimeter wall 152 that extends above the top surface 154 of the upper end 150. The perimeter wall 152 defines a channel 156 that is open toward the upper surface 154. Essentially, the perimeter wall 152 is L-shaped that depends upwardly from the top surface 154 of the upper end 150 of the leg 24 and extends over the edge of the upper surface 154 to form the channel 156 therein between that extends along the perimeter of the upper end 150. The shelf expansion portion 32 comprises a base portion 160 from which each of the fingers 76-80 depend. The base portion 160 includes a lip or step protrusion 162 around its lower edge. The step protrusion 162 is sized and shaped to be received within the channel 156 defined by the wall 152 in a tongue and groove manner. The step protrusion 162 is inserted into the channel 156 until the self-biasing tabs 164 engage with a bottom edge of the shelf expansion portion 32 and hold it relative to the leg 24. This engagement of the leg 24 to the shelf expansion portion 32 secures the leg 24 to the shelf expansion portion 32. Each of the other legs 21, 22 and 23 are similarly configured so as to be attachable to the u-shaped shelf 18 at a respective corner.
(24) As shown in
(25) Similarly, the L-shaped portion 30 of the shelf section 14 defines a plurality of channels 71-75 sized and shaped for receiving a corresponding plurality of fingers 76-80, respectively, of the second adjustable portion 32. The top surface 82 of the L-shaped portion 30, which includes the top surfaces of each of the portions interposed between the channels 71-75, and the top surface 84 of the second adjustable portion 32, which includes the top surfaces of each of the fingers 76-80 are planarly aligned.
(26) The second leg 34 of the L-shaped portion 26 defines a plurality of channels 91-95 similar to the channels 51-55 and oriented perpendicular thereto. The second leg 36 of the L-shaped portion 30 is comprised of a plurality of fingers 96-100 sized and shaped to be at least partially received within and slidably supported by the second leg 34 of the L-shaped portion 26. This engagement allows for length adjustment of the shelf section 16 by moving the L-shaped portion 26 to or away from the L-shaped portion 30 while the channels 91-95 engage the fingers 96-100.
(27) As further shown in
(28) Each of the fingers 56-60 of the adjustable portion 28 are spaced apart and aligned in parallel to match the spacing and alignment of the channels 51-55. When inserted into the channels, tabs 120 and 122 that downwardly depend from the distal ends of the fingers 56 and 60, respectively, each provide a stop within the elongate openings in the bottom of channels 51 and 55 to prevent the adjustable portion 28 from being extended beyond the point at which the fingers 56-60 could be disengaged from the channels 51-55. Moreover, when the tabs 120 and 122 engage with the distal ends of the elongate openings in the bottom of channels 51 and 55, portions of the fingers 56-60 still overlap with a portion of the plate 102 so as to maintain structural integrity of the shelf section 12 when the shelf section 12 is in a fully extended position as shown.
(29) Likewise, each of the fingers 76-80 of the adjustable portion 30 are spaced apart and aligned in parallel to match the spacing and alignment of the channels 71-75. When inserted into the channels, tabs 124 and 126 that downwardly depend from the distal ends of the fingers 76 and 80, respectively, each provide a stop within the elongate openings in the bottom of channels 71 and 75 to prevent the adjustable portion 308 from being extended beyond the point at which the fingers 56-60 could be disengaged from the channels 71-75. Moreover, when the tabs 124 and 126 engage with the distal ends of the elongate openings in the bottom of channels 71 and 75, portions of the fingers 76-80 still overlap with a portion of the plate 112 so as to maintain structural integrity of the shelf section 14 when the shelf section 14 is in a fully extended position as shown.
(30) As shown in
(31) As shown in
(32) As shown in
(33) As shown in
(34) Finally, as shown in
(35) There is thus disclosed an improved adjustable shelf in which the basic and novel characteristics of the invention comprise in one embodiment a U-shaped shelf with the side shelves and shelf interposed therein between each being slidably adjustable in length to provide a U-shaped shelf capable of being configured in different widths and lengths. In other embodiments, only one shelf section may be adjustable. In the foregoing specification, the present invention has been described with reference to specific exemplary embodiments. Various modifications and changes may be made, however, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as set forth in the claims, including combinations of elements of the various illustrated embodiments. The specification and figures are illustrative, not restrictive, and modifications are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention. Accordingly, the scope of the present invention should be determined by the claims and their legal equivalents rather than by merely the examples described.
(36) For example, the components and/or elements recited in any apparatus claims may be assembled or otherwise operationally configured in a variety of permutations and are accordingly not limited to the specific configuration recited in the claims.
(37) Benefits, other advantages, and solutions to problems have been described above with regard to particular embodiments. Any benefit, advantage, solution to problem, or any element that may cause any particular benefit, advantage, or solution to occur or to become more pronounced are not to be construed as critical, required, or essential features or components of any or all the claims.
(38) The phrase “consisting essentially of” as may be used herein is intended to cover additional elements or functions that do not materially affect the basic and novel characteristics of the claimed invention. Thus, “consisting essentially of” is intended to encompass not only those components specifically listed, but also separate or additional components that do not materially alter the specifically recited functions or elements.
(39) The terms “comprise”, “comprises”, “comprising”, “having”, “including”, “includes” or any variations of such terms, are intended to reference a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, composition or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements recited but may also include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, composition or apparatus. Other combinations and/or modifications of the above-described structures, arrangements, applications, proportions, elements, materials, or components used in the practice of the present invention, in addition to those not specifically recited, may be varied or otherwise particularly adapted to specific environments, manufacturing specifications, design parameters, or other operating requirements without departing from the general principles of the same.