Method of operating a linear friction welding system with phase change assembly

Abstract

A method of operating a linear friction welding system in one embodiment includes establishing a ram vibration amplitude by positioning a stop of a phase change assembly and positioning the phase change assembly in different configurations to establish different phase relationships between two eccentrically engaged power shafts while one of the power shafts is driven by a timing component and the other power shaft is driven by the timing component through the phase change assembly. In one phase change assembly configuration a ram operably connected to one of two components to be welded does not vibrate when the first power shaft and the second power shaft rotate while in another phase change assembly configuration the ram vibrates. Pressure between the two components is controlled to provide scrub pressure when the ram vibrates and forge pressure when the ram is no longer vibrating.

Claims

1. A method of operating a linear friction welding system, comprising: determining a desired ram vibration amplitude; setting a position of a first stop of a phase change assembly based upon the desired ram vibration amplitude; establishing a first system configuration wherein a ram operably connected to a first and a second power shaft does not vibrate along a welding axis by positioning the phase change assembly in a first configuration thereby establishing a first phase relationship between the first power shaft and the second power shaft, driving the second power shaft and the phase change assembly with a first belt while the phase change assembly is in the first configuration, and driving the first power shaft with the driven phase change assembly using a second belt while the phase change assembly is in the first configuration; creating a scrub pressure between two components to be welded with the linear friction welding system in the first system configuration; establishing a second system configuration, while the scrub pressure is created, by positioning the phase change assembly in a second configuration defined by the first stop thereby establishing a second phase relationship between the first power shaft and the second power shaft which causes the ram to vibrate along the welding axis; re-establishing the first system configuration after establishing the second system configuration by returning the phase change assembly to the first configuration from the second configuration; and creating a forge pressure between the two components with the linear friction welding system in the re-established first system configuration.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein positioning the phase change assembly to the second configuration comprises: lengthening a load segment of a second belt of the phase change assembly.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein lengthening the load segment comprises: moving a carriage rotatably supporting a gear engaged with the second belt load segment along a phase change axis.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein moving the carriage comprises: moving the carriage from a first location associated with the first configuration toward a second location associated with the second configuration with a linear actuator.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein positioning the phase change assembly to the second configuration comprises: stopping movement of the carriage at the second location with the first stop.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein returning the phase change assembly comprises: moving the carriage toward the first location with the linear actuator; and stopping movement of the carriage at the first location with a second stop.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein positioning the phase change assembly at the first location comprises: positioning the second stop at a location whereat when the carriage contacts the second stop the ram does not vibrate when the first power shaft and the second power shaft rotate.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein positioning the second stop comprises: changing the location of the second stop by rotating a second threaded bolt.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein setting the position of the first stop comprises: changing the location of the first stop by rotating a first threaded bolt.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) The present disclosure may take form in various system and method components and arrangement of system and method components. The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating exemplary embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the disclosure.

(2) FIG. 1 depicts a partial side plan view of a linear friction welding system in accordance with principles of the disclosure;

(3) FIG. 2 depicts a partial front cross-sectional view of the system of FIG. 1;

(4) FIG. 3 depicts a top cross-sectional view of the vibrating system of the linear friction welding system of FIG. 1 depicting an eccentric portion of an inner power shaft positioned within an eccentric, with an eccentric outer surface and an outer power shaft engaged with the eccentric;

(5) FIG. 4 depicts a front cross-sectional view of the vibrating system of FIG. 3;

(6) FIG. 5 depicts a rear plan view of the motor, vibrating system and phase change assembly of FIG. 1;

(7) FIG. 6 depicts a perspective view of the interior of the phase change assembly of FIG. 5;

(8) FIG. 7 depicts a plan view of the interior of the phase change assembly of FIG. 6 with the phase change mechanism in a first position;

(9) FIG. 8 depicts a perspective view of the phase change mechanism of the phase change assembly depicted in FIG. 7;

(10) FIG. 9 depicts partial perspective view of the phase change assembly of FIG. 5 depicting the linear actuator and the phase change mechanism;

(11) FIG. 10 depicts a schematic view of the control system of the linear friction welding system of FIG. 1;

(12) FIG. 11 depicts a simplified plan view of the phase change assembly of FIG. 5 with the phase change mechanism in a first position;

(13) FIG. 12 depicts a simplified plan view of the phase change assembly of FIG. 5 with the phase change mechanism in a second position; and

(14) FIG. 13 depicts a procedure that can be executed under the control of the control system of FIG. 10 to form a welded unit with the linear friction welding system of FIG. 1;

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

(15) Referring to FIG. 1, a linear friction welding system 100 includes a pressing assembly 102 and a vibrating assembly 104 positioned within a frame 106. The pressing assembly 102 includes an upper assembly 108 and a lower assembly 110. The upper assembly includes a base 112, and two rocker arm pairs 114 and 116 supporting a carriage 118 as further shown in FIG. 2.

(16) Continuing with FIG. 2, the lower assembly 110 is generally aligned with the carriage 118 and includes a forge platen 120 supported above a main hydraulic press 122. The main hydraulic press 122 defines a press axis 124. An anti-rotation rod 126 extends from the forge platen 120 through a lower support plate 128. A sensor 130 is associated with the anti-rotation rod 126. In one embodiment, the sensor 130 is a linear voltage displacement transducer (LVDT).

(17) Returning to FIG. 1, the vibrating assembly 104 includes a motor 140, a phase change assembly 142, a cam assembly 144, and a ram 146. The ram 146 is pivotably connected to the carriage 118 at a forward end and is pivotably connected to the cam assembly 144 at the opposite end through a connecting rod 148. The ram 146 is configured for movement along a weld axis 150. The motor 140 is connected to the cam assembly 144 and the phase change assembly 142 through a belt 152. A belt tensioner 154 is provided for the belt 152 which is driven by a geared shaft 158 of the motor 140.

(18) The cam assembly 144, shown in more detail in FIGS. 3-4, includes an inner power shaft 160, an outer power shaft 162, a coupler 164, an eccentric 166, and a cam follower 168. The inner power shaft 160, which in one embodiment is a “second power shaft”, is operably coupled with the motor 140 through the belt 152 and a gear 156 (see FIG. 1) and rotates about an axis of rotation 170. The inner power shaft 160 includes an eccentric portion 172 and a projection 174. The outer power shaft 162, which in one embodiment is a “first power shaft”, is operably coupled with the motor 140 through the belt 152 and the phase change assembly 142, as discussed in further detail below, and also rotates about the axis of rotation 170. The outer power shaft 162 includes a cavity 176 configured to rotatably receive the projection 174. Rotatable engagement of the projection 174 within the cavity 176 keeps both the inner and outer power shafts 160/162 coaxial with the axis of rotation 170.

(19) The coupler 164 is a modified Oldham coupler including one bifurcated tongue 178 which mates with a groove 180 in the outer power shaft 162 (see FIG. 3) and a second bifurcated tongue 182, rotated ninety degrees with respect to the bifurcated tongue 178, which mates with a groove 184 in the eccentric 166 (see FIG. 4). The eccentric 166 further includes an outer eccentric periphery 186 and an inner periphery 188 defining a through-bore 190. The bore 190 is sized to rotationally receive the eccentric portion 172 of the inner power shaft 160. The outer eccentric periphery 186 defines a diameter that is closely fit within the inner diameter of the cam follower 168.

(20) The connecting rod 148 of the cam assembly 144 is pivotably connected to the ram 146 through a pivot 192 (see FIG. 1). The ram 146 is in turn pivotably connected to the carriage 118 through a lower pivot pair 194 (only one is shown). The lower pivot pair 194 also pivotably connects the carriage 118 with a rearward rocker arm of each of the rocker arm pairs 114 and 116. Another lower pivot pair 196 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 pivotably connects the carriage 118 with a forward rocker arm of each of the rocker arm pairs 114 and 116. Four pivots 198 pivotably connect each of the rocker arms in the rocker arm pairs 114 and 116 to the base 112.

(21) As noted above, the outer power shaft 162 is operably coupled with the motor 140 through the phase change assembly 142. The indirect coupling is described with initial reference to FIG. 5 which shows the belt 152 configured to drive a phase change assembly shaft 210 through a gear 212. The shaft 210 drives the outer power shaft 162 through the phase change assembly 142 which is depicted in FIG. 6 with its front wall removed.

(22) The phase change assembly 142 includes a gear 214, which in one embodiment is a first gear, connected to the shaft 210. A timing belt 216 (which in one embodiment is a “second timing component”) operably connects the gear 214 with a gear 218, which in one embodiment is a second gear, which is operably connected to the shaft 162. The belt 216 is engaged with four tensioners 220, 222, 224, and 226, and a phase change mechanism 228.

(23) The phase change mechanism 228 is further depicted in FIGS. 7 and 8 and includes a carriage 230 which rotatably supports two gears 232 (which in one embodiment is a “fourth gear”) and 234 (which in one embodiment is a “third gear”), although in some embodiments a roller is used in place of one of the gears 232 and 234. The carriage 230 is slidably supported within the phase change assembly 142 on one side by rail 236 which slides within guides 238 and 240 (FIG. 7) and on the other side by rail 242 which slides within guides 244 and 246 (FIG. 8). A transfer plate 248 is mounted to, or formed integrally with, the rear side of the carriage 230.

(24) As shown in FIG. 9, the transfer plate 248 is fixedly connected to a piston 260 of a linear actuator assembly 262. The linear actuator assembly 262 is mounted to the phase change assembly 142 and oriented to move the carriage 230 along a linear actuator axis 264. The linear actuator assembly 262 is controllable between a first condition which, in the depiction of FIG. 9, urges the piston 260 rightwardly until movement is terminated by a first stop 266, and a second condition which, in the depiction of FIG. 9, urges the piston 260 leftwardly until movement is terminated by a second stop 268. The second stop 268 in this embodiment is a bolt threadedly engaged with a stop mount 270 and the first stop 266 is a bolt threadedly engaged with the linear actuator assembly 262.

(25) The linear friction welding system 100 also includes a welding control system 280 depicted in FIG. 10. The control system 280 includes an I/O device 282, a processing circuit 284 and a memory 286. The control system 280 is operably connected to the main hydraulic press 122, the motor 140, the linear actuator assembly 262, and a sensor suite 288. In some embodiments, one or more of the components of the system 280 are provided as a separate device which may be remotely located from the other components of the system 280.

(26) The I/O device 282 in some embodiments includes a user interface, graphical user interface, keyboards, pointing devices, remote and/or local communication links, displays, and other devices that allow externally generated information to be provided to the control system 280, and that allow internal information of the control system 280 to be communicated externally.

(27) The processing circuit 284 may suitably be a general purpose computer processing circuit such as a microprocessor and its associated circuitry. The processing circuit 284 is operable to carry out the operations attributed to it herein.

(28) Within the memory 286 are various program instructions 290. The program instructions 290, some of which are described more fully below, are executable by the processing circuit 284 and/or any other components of the control system 280 as appropriate. Parameter databases 292 are also located within the memory 286.

(29) Many components in the above described linear friction welding system 100 are similar to, and work in like manner as, components in the system described in detail in U.S. Pat. No. 8,376,210, incorporated herein by reference. By way of example, when the inner power shaft 160 has the same relative rotational position as the outer power shaft 162, the relative phase of the inner power shaft 160 and the outer power shaft 162 are said to be matched, which may alternatively be referred to as being in phase, having the same relative phase, or having a system phase angle of zero. With a system phase angle of zero, and with the motor 140 operating, the ram 146 remains motionless. Movement of the ram 146 along the weld axis 150 is effected by controlling the shafts 160 and 162 to establish a non-zero phase angle.

(30) The linear friction welding system 100 differs from the system disclosed in the '210 patent, however, in the manner in which the system phase angle is established while using a single motor. This difference is realized by the incorporation of the phase change assembly 142. Specifically, the belt 152 in one embodiment is a first timing component which rotates the gear 154 and the gear 212 at a fixed phase relationship. While there is a fixed relationship between the gear 154 and the inner power shaft 160, the relationship between the gear 212 and the outer power shaft 162 is variable because of the phase change assembly 142 as discussed with further reference to FIGS. 11 and 12.

(31) In FIG. 11, the linear actuator assembly 262 has been controlled to drive the transfer plate 248 against the stop 266 (FIG. 9), and the position of the stop 266 has been adjusted by selective threading of the stop 266 into the linear actuator assembly 262 to provide a zero system phase angle. In the condition of FIG. 11, the timing belt 216 is defined by a feed segment 300 and a timing component load segment 302. The feed segment 300 is defined as the portion of the timing belt 216 between the gears 214 and 218 from point 304 at the top of the gear 214 extending along the gear 232 to point 306 at the bottom of the gear 218. The load segment 302 is defined as the portion of the timing belt 216 between the gears 214 and 218 from point 304 at the top of the gear 214 extending along the gear 234 to point 306 at the bottom of the gear 218.

(32) By controlling the phase change mechanism 228 to drive the transfer plate 248 against the stop 268 (FIG. 9), the carriage 230 is driven in the direction of the arrow 308 in FIG. 11 to the position depicted in FIG. 12. In FIG. 12, the length of the load segment 302′ of the timing belt 216 is greater than the length of the load segment 300 in FIG. 11. Because both of the gears 214 and 218 are engaged with the belt 216, the belt 216 cannot simply slide past the gears 214 and 218. Rather, at least one of the gears 214/218 must rotate in order to allow for some of the belt 216 on the feed segment 300 to move over to the load segment 302′.

(33) Rotation of the gear 214, however, is effected by the motor 140 through the belt 152 (see FIG. 1). Accordingly, movement of the carriage 230 forces the gear 218 to rotate to allow a portion of the belt 216 to transfer from the feed side 300 to the load side 302′. This is indicated in FIGS. 11 and 12 by schematic marks 310 and 312. As evidenced by comparing the mark 310 in FIG. 11 with the mark 310′ in FIG. 12, the rotational position of the gear 214 does not change as the carriage 230 moves. The mark 312′ in FIG. 12, however, indicates that the gear 218 has rotated from the location of the gear 218 in FIG. 11 as indicated by the mark 312.

(34) Accordingly, since the shafts 160 and 162 were in phase when the phase change mechanism 228 was in the condition of FIG. 11, the shafts 160 and 162 are out of phase when the phase change mechanism 228 is in the condition of FIG. 12. While the gear 214 was not rotating in the foregoing explanation, those of skill in the art will recognize that the same discussion applies when the gear 214 is rotating. Thus, it is the relative speed of the gear 218 which is momentarily modified by movement of the carriage 230. Consequently, with the motor 140 running, the ram 146 will vibrate along the welding axis 150 as discussed in more detail in the '210 Patent once the carriage moves away from the location of FIG. 11.

(35) In order to stop vibration of the ram 146, the carriage is simply controlled back to the position of FIG. 11, resulting in a momentary slowing of the rotation of the gear 214 forcing the shaft 162 back into phase with the shaft 160. In one embodiment, the linear actuator assembly 262 is configured to selectively direct hydraulic fluid to one side or the other of a disk connected to the piston 260 and within the cylinder of the linear actuator assembly. Accordingly, the carriage is rapidly forced between the positions of FIGS. 11 and 12, and maintained at the desired position with continued hydraulic pressure against the disk to ensure the phasing of the shafts 160/162 does not inadvertently shift.

(36) Additional details of the linear friction welding system 100 are provided with reference to a method 320 in FIG. 13, portions of which are performed under the control the control system 280. At block 322, the system phase angle is set to zero with the transfer plate 248 controlled against the stop 266. While a zero system phase angle can be established with the motor 140 de-energized, in one embodiment the motor 140 is energized, and the bolt 266 is rotated until there is no movement of the ram 146.

(37) At block 324 the amplitude for movement of the ram 146 is set. Because there is a fixed relationship between the phasing of the shafts 160/162 and the amplitude of vibration of the ram 146, the distance between the transfer plate 248 and the stop 268 establishes the amplitude of vibration. In one embodiment, a chart is provided which identifies the spatial relationship needed for a desired amplitude. The amplitude is then established by rotation of the stop 268 to the distance associated with the desired amplitude.

(38) One of the components to be welded is then mounted to the forge platen 120 and the other component is mounted to the carriage 118 (block 326). Control of the method 320 is then passed to the control system 280. At block 328 the processing circuit 284 executes program instructions 290 to establish a scrub pressure between the components to be welded. The processing circuit then controls motor 140 to the desired speed associated with the scrub (in some systems only a single speed is available) and controls the linear actuator assembly 262 to drive the transfer plate 248 against the stop 266 to initiate oscillation of the ram 146 and perform a scrub (block 330). The scrub pressure and scrub frequency in some embodiments are parameters stored in the parameter databases 292.

(39) Once the scrub pressure, scrub frequency, and scrub amplitude have been established, a scrub timer is started and counted down using a system clock or other appropriate clock. As the scrub is performed, a “wiping action” is generated by the linear friction welding system 100 as discussed more fully in the '210 patent.

(40) When the desired scrub has been performed at block 330, burn parameters are established in the linear friction welding system 100 at block 332. Specifically, the processing circuit 284 controls the main hydraulic press 122 to achieve a desired burn pressure based upon a value stored in the parameters database 292. The processing circuit 284 further obtains a burn frequency from the parameters database 292 and controls the speed of the motor 140 to a speed corresponding to the desired burn frequency. In one embodiment, all of the changes from the scrub parameters to the burn parameters are controlled to occur substantially simultaneously.

(41) Once the burn pressure and burn frequency, have been established, a burn timer is started and counted down using a system clock or other appropriate clock. During the burn, the processing circuit 284 obtains input from the sensor suite 288 and modifies the speed of the motor 140 as needed to maintain the desired burn frequency and controls the main hydraulic press 122 to maintain the desired burn pressure.

(42) When the burn timer has expired, movement of the ram 146 is terminated at block 334. Movement can be terminated under the control of the processing circuit 284 by controlling the linear actuator 262 to move the phase change mechanism 228 from the second position (FIG. 12) back to the first position (FIG. 11) whereby the relative phase of the inner and outer shafts 160/162 are again matched. The transfer plate 248 is thus forced into contact with the stop 266.

(43) While the motor 140 rotates with no movement of the ram 146, the processing circuit 284 controls the main hydraulic press 122 to establish a forge pressure at block 336 between the two weld components based upon data stored in the parameters database 292. The forge pressure applied to properly burned components which are not moving with respect to one another welds the two components together into a welded unit.

(44) Once the components have been welded, the welded unit is removed (block 338) and the weld verified (block 340). If desired, the processing circuit 284 may be used to determine the weld quality. Specifically, the initial position of the forge platen 120 as the two weld components came into contact can be stored and compared to the position of the forge platen 120 after a weld has been formed. The difference between the two locations indicates a loss of material from the two components at the contact point of the two components.

(45) Additionally, the temperature of the two components can be established, either by sensory input from the sensor suite 288 and/or by historic knowledge of the effects of the scrub and burn processes on the materials of the two components. Furthermore, the actual pressure, frequency, and amplitude of the procedure 320 provide precise information about the amount of energy placed into the components during the procedure 320. Consequently, the foregoing data may be used to calculate the amount of material lost due to flash and the nature of the weld formed.

(46) The linear welding system 100 thus provides precise and independent control of pressure applied as well as the frequency and amplitude of oscillation during the procedure 320. The use of a phase change assembly 142 reduces the number of motors required for operation from other methods. In addition, the phase change assembly 142 allows for the motor to remain on in between welds without movement of the ram.

(47) While the present disclosure has been illustrated by the description of exemplary processes and system components, and while the various processes and components have been described in considerable detail, the applicant does not intend to restrict or in any limit the scope of the appended claims to such detail. Additional advantages and modifications will also readily appear to those skilled in the art. The disclosure in its broadest aspects is therefore not limited to the specific details, implementations, or illustrative examples shown and described. Accordingly, departures may be made from such details without departing from the spirit or scope of applicant's general inventive concept.