BRYOID COMPOSITIONS, METHODS OF MAKING AND USE THEREOF

Abstract

Embodiments of the present invention feature novel Bryoid compositions, methods of making and methods of treating disease.

Claims

1. A method of making a third Bryoid composition comprising the steps of isolating a third Bryoid composition from a source of Bryoids and purifying the third Bryoid composition in a range from 50% to a crystal forming purity wherein said third Bryoid composition has a molecular weight of approximately 868-870 Amu (Mass+Sodium) and 846-848 Amu (monoisotopic mass).

2. The method of making the third composition of claim 1 wherein the third Bryoid has a measured mass plus sodium of 869.5 Amu and a measured monoisotopic mass of 846.6 Amu.

3. The method of making the third Bryoid composition of claim 1 comprising the steps of: (i) extracting the third Bryoid with organic solvents or with SuperFluids (near-critical and supercritical fluids with or without cosolvents) solvents; (ii) partially purifying the third Bryoid by silica chromatography with organic solvents or SuperFluids chromatography; (iii) performing segmentation chromatography on resulting polymeric resin to improve purity of the third Bryoid; (iv) performing C18 chromatography to further improve the purity of the third Bryoid; and (v) crystalizing the third Bryoid to still further improve the purity of the third Bryoid.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

[0018] FIG. 1 depicts a high-performance liquid chromatography scan of Bryostatin 1;

[0019] FIG. 2 depicts a HPLC Chromatogram of B. neritina Ethyl Acetate (EA) crude extract;

[0020] FIG. 3 depicts a flow chart of purifying steps for Bryostatin-type compositions;

[0021] FIG. 4 depicts alpha-secretase activity induced by Bryostatin-1 and other extracts which embody aspects of the present invention;

[0022] FIG. 5 depicts a chromatogram of a mixture of Bryoids;

[0023] FIG. 6 depicts a chromatogram of a mixture of Bryoids and identifies retention times monitored at 265 nm;

[0024] FIG. 7 depicts UV spectra of different Bryoids at 265 nm;

[0025] FIG. 8-1 depicts a mass spectrum of Bryostatin 1, scanning from 700-1000 Amu;

[0026] FIG. 8-2 depicts a mass spectrum of a fraction with an internal identification 104 and B08 associated with Bryostatin 2, scanning from 700-1000 Amu;

[0027] FIG. 8-3 depicts a mass spectrum of a fraction with internal designations 106 and B14 associated with Bryostatin 3, scanning from 700-1000 Amu;

[0028] FIG. 8-4 depicts a mass spectrum of a fraction with internal designations 112 and B16 embodying features of the present invention, scanning from 700-1000 Amu;

[0029] FIG. 8-5 depicts a mass spectrum of a fraction with internal designations 102 and B12 and B14 associated with Bryostatin-3, scanning from 700-1000 Amu;

[0030] FIG. 8-6 depicts a mass spectrum of a fraction with internal designations 103 and B10 and B12, scanning from 700-1000 Amu;

[0031] FIG. 8-7 depicts a mass spectrum of a fraction with internal designations 105 and B12, and B14 associated with Bryostatin-3 scanning from 700-1000 Amu;

[0032] FIG. 9 depicts UV spectra of the first Bryoid composition and the second Bryoid composition;

[0033] FIG. 10 depicts the effect of Bryostatin-1 and different Bryoids at 10-.sup.9M on alpha-secretase activity in SHSY-5Y neuroblastoma cells;

[0034] FIG. 11 depicts the effect of Bryostatin-1 and different Bryoids at 10-.sup.9M on PKC-epsilon activity in SHSY-5Y neuroblastoma cells;

[0035] FIG. 12 depicts the effect of Bryostatin-1 and different Bryoids at 10-.sup.9M on PKC-delta activity in SHSY-5Y neuroblastoma cells;

[0036] FIG. 13 depicts the effect of Bryostatin-1 and different Bryoids at 10-.sup.9M on PKC-alpha activity in SHSY-5Y neuroblastoma cells;

[0037] FIG. 14 depicts the proposed structure of a first Bryoid;

[0038] FIG. 15 depicts the proposed structure of a second Bryoid;

[0039] FIG. 16 depicts the NMR spectra of Bryostatin-3;

[0040] FIG. 17 depicts the NMR spectra of the first Bryoid; and,

[0041] FIG. 18 depicts the NMR spectra of the second Bryoid.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0042] Embodiments of the present invention will now be described with respect to a Bryoid composition selected from the group consisting of the first Bryoid composition (sometimes referred to as B10), the second Bryoid composition (sometimes referred to as B12), the third Bryoid composition (sometimes referred to as B14B), the fourth Bryoid composition (sometimes referred to as B14C). These Bryoid compounds of the present invention have molecular weights that are different than the molecular weights of Bryostatins 1-20, with the exception of B12 which appears to be a stereoisomer of Bryostatin 3.

[0043] Bugula neritina was fractionated to produce Bryostatin fractions (Bryoids) and isolate individual Bryoids.

HPLC Analysis:

[0044] Bryostatin-1 was analyzed by HPLC using a 15 cm 5-micron Phenomenex Luna PFP (2) column (UPS Packing L43) and a mobile phase of 60% acetonitrile acidified with 50 microliters of 85% H.sub.3PO.sub.4 per liter. The flow rate was set to 1.0 mL per minute and the column temperature was set at 30° C. A Waters Millennium system incorporating a Model 996 photodiode array detector was used to generate the chromatographic scans (FIG. 1). Bryostatin-1 was monitored at 265 nm, and contour plots were simultaneously reported from 195 nm to 345 nm.

Bryostatin-1 Manufacturing and Characterization:

[0045] In the first two steps, Bryostatins are extracted from wet Bugula neritina with organic solvents including isopropanol, methanol, ethyl acetate and water followed by silica chromatography using mobile phases consisting of hexane/methylene chloride and ethyl acetate/methanol or alternatively extracted from washed, dried and milled Bugula neritina with SuperFluids™ (near-critical and supercritical fluids with or without cosolvents) carbon dioxide and methanol and partially purified by SuperFluids™ silica chromatography with carbon dioxide and methanol (Castor, 1998, 2001).

[0046] The third step is a segmentation chromatography step on a CG71 polymeric resin (Rohm-Haas) with a mobile phase consisting of methanol and water that improves the purity of Bryostatin-1 to 60-70%. The fourth step utilizes a segmentation chromatographic method using two semi-prep HPLC C18 columns (Baker Scientific, Phenomenex) with a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and water to improve the Bryostatin-1 purity to >95%. The fifth step utilizes crystallization with acetonitrile and water to purify Bryostatin-1 to >98.5%.

[0047] The identity of the Bryostatin-1 product was confirmed by Ultra-Violet (UV) spectra as well as High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) retention times versus those of standards provided by the U.S. National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Md. The identity of the Bryostatin-1 product was also confirmed independently by Mass Spectral (MS) data as well as by Elemental Analysis, Proton and Carbon Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), Infra-Red (IR) spectroscopy, Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Melting Point.

Purification of Bryostatin-1 to 99.64% CP

[0048] An ethyl acetate extract of B. neritina (Sample C-021519 #7), provided by the National Cancer Institute (NCI), and was used as the starting raw materials. A total of ˜57 g of the EA extract was dissolved in dichloromethane (DCM) and assayed to determine presence of Bryostatin-1 and other Bryoids. Turning now to FIG. 2, a HPLC Chromatogram of B. neritina EA crude extract is depicted. Labeled arrows indicate internal designations for Bryostatin-like compounds, which include B10, B12, and Bryostatin 3 (B16), and Bryostatin-2 (Bryo-2) and Bryostatin-3 (Bryo-3). Bryostatin-1 (Bryo-1) elutes at 24.2 min. The designation B10 is the bryoid corresponding to the first bryoid of the present invention. The designation of B14 will lead to the third and fourth Bryoids of the present invention.

[0049] Bryostatin-1 was purified from B. neritina EA crude extracts using various chromatography resins as shown in FIG. 3. The initial steps (Step 1 and Step 2) were performed on Silica gel Active (100-200 μm), and the sample eluted with increasing concentrations of ethyl acetate in DCM. The silica purification steps are useful in removing some of the colored components from the EA crude extract, the non-polar compounds (eluting at end of chromatographic run, FIG. 3), and eliminating the majority of the B16 peak.

[0050] Next, fractions containing Bryostatin-1 were purified on Amberchrom CG71, which allowed for the elution of Bryostatin-like compounds with acidified methanol and water. This resin helps minimize the use of chlorinated solvents that are harmful to the environment. CG71 purification step removes the ‘X5’ peak eluting before Bryostatin-1. It also served to minimize the impurities right before Bryostatin-1, mainly B16.

[0051] Subsequent purification was performed using a combination of Amicon C18 40 μm resin and two prep-C18 columns (2.5×2.5 cm, 10 μm column) This step allowed for the further separation of B12 and Bryo-3 from Bryostatin-1, though there was still the presence of the ‘x5’ peak at the shoulder of Bryostatin-1. Final crystallization step led to the purification of Bryostatin-1 to >99% chromatography purity (CP), with a 69% recovery from crude extract.

HPLC Monitoring:

[0052] During each purification step outlined in FIG. 3, Bryostatin-1 was monitored on a Luna C18(2) column (250×4.6 mm, 10 μm). Elution was performed at 80% acetonitrile acidified with phosphoric acid (ACNP) in an isocratic mode at a 2 mL/min flow rate. Column temperature was set at 30° C.

Bryostatin-like Compounds (Bryoids)

[0053] Bugula neritina was fractionated to produce Bryostatin fractions (Bryoids) that could serve as alternatives to Bryostatin-1. These fractions were purified and sent to LSU for in vitro analysis (Table 1).

TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Amount (in mg) of each Bryoid in the Fractions as determined by HPLC Fraction Sample B08 B10 B12 B14 Bryo-1 B16 % CP* A: 101 B157 88.8 97.5 165 mL B: 102 B154  30.5 101.1  4.2 74.4 C: 103 B158 B12 60.4 100.8  6.7 49.3 350 mL D: 104 Bryo-2 100.9 94.4 E: 105 Bryo-AB  99.8  53.7 64.5 F: 106 Bryo-3  98.3 12.1 72.1 G: 112 B16 APH 99.5 97.5 100311 *CP corresponds to Bryoid in bold.
Efficacy of Bryostatin-1 Analogues (Bryoids) in Induction of s-APPα Secretion:

[0054] The efficacy of several Bryostatin-1 analogues (Bryoids) in induction of s-APPα secretion is shown in FIG. 4. Except Fraction D, they all induced significant release of s-APPα compared to Bryostatin-1. The best alternative fraction to Bryostatin-1 is analogue E which corresponds to the designation B16, which was identified as Bryostatin 3. Bioactivity went in order from Fraction E (105)>G (112), F (106), C (103)>A (101), B (102)>D (104).

[0055] From the preliminary data, it appears that B12 or B14 can be significantly more bioactive than Bryostatin-1. Since most fractions contain two or more Bryoids, it is difficult to determine which one is responsible for the bioactivity except for Fraction G, which contains B16 at >97.5% CP. The first bryoid composition of the present invention, B10, has significantly higher activity than Bryostatin-1, and it poses another potential alternative Bryoid as a therapeutic.

HPLC Standardization:

[0056] Turning now to FIG. 5, which depicts a high-performance liquid chromatograph of a bryoid mixture at 265 nm, various Bryoids are present in the B. neritina EA crude extract.

[0057] The mixture of the Bryoids (B09, B10, B12, B14C, B14B, B16, Bryostatin-1, Bryostatin-2, and Bryostatin-3) were standardized for the purpose of identification (based on retention time) and subsequent purification of each Bryoid. A chromatogram depicting the results of high-performance liquid chromatography purification is depicted in FIG. 6. These Bryoids contain similar UV patterns as Bryostatin-1 with a maximum wavelength at 265 nm as shown in FIG. 7 which depicts UV spectra of different bryoid at 265 nm.

[0058] Identification of each Bryoid was attempted on UV-HPLC and LC/MS/MS using known standards and/or comparing to known masses in the literature. This is important as previous preliminary in vitro experiments (described above) have shown that these Bryoids may induce s-APPα secretion at equal or even greater percentages than is observed for Bryostatin-1.

Preliminary Characterization Based on LC/MS/MS

[0059] Characterization of the different Bryoids was performed using an LC/MS/MS API 2000 system equipped with a Shimadzu HPLC system. Qi scan parameters were optimized for Bryostatin-1 m/z 427 [M+Na] (FIG. 8-1), scanning from 700 to 1000 amu. Mass spectrum scans of other fractions are presented in FIGS. 8-2 through 8-7. A total of seven fractions were analyzed, which included individual Bryoids and mixture of Bryoids (Table 2).

TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Bryostatin Analogue for Each Fraction Based on Mass Match Mass Bryostatin Match Bryoid Mass + Na [M] Based on Mass Fraction 101: Bryo-1 927.3 904.3 Bryostatin-1 Fraction 102: B12 and 911.4 888.4 Bryostatin-3 B14 (Bryo-3) 925.4 902.4 None Fraction 103: B10 and 911.4 888.4 Bryostatin-3 B12 897.2 874.2 None Fraction 104: Bryo-2 885.4 862.4 Bryostatin-2 Fraction 105: B12 and 911.4 888.4 Bryostatin-3 Bryo-3 Fraction 106: Bryo-3 911.4 888.4 Bryostatin-3 Fraction 112: B16 909.4 886.4 None(tentatively identified as Bryostatin-3)

[0060] The LC/MS/MS data observed for Bryostatin-1 shows a peak at 927 Amu, which corresponds to the [M+NA], and what has been reported in the literature (Manning et al., 2005). Mass spectral data on Bryostatin-1 to 18 are summarized in Table 3. Based on the LC/MS/MS analysis performed, Fractions 104 and Fraction 106 were confirmed as Bryostatin-2 (863 Amu) and Bryostatin-3 (889 Amu), respectively.

[0061] Fraction 112 showed that B16 mass does not match any Bryoids reported in the literature. Fractions 102, 103, and 105 showed a mass peak identical to what was observed for Bryostatin-3. Both Fraction 102 and 105 contain Bryo-3 in their mixture, which would explain the 911 peak observed in the LC/MS/MS. It is unclear why 911 Amu is seen in Fraction 103; this indicates that B12 may have the same mass as Bryostatin-3 (889 Amu). This is supported by the fact that Fraction 105, containing both B12 and Bryo-3, only showed a peak at 911 Amu. The 897-peak observed in Fraction 103 could correspond to B10, though it does not match any of the Bryostatin masses reported in the literature. The peak at 925 Amu in Fraction 102 is also observed in Fraction 106.

TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Mass Spectral Information on Bryostatin-1 to 18 (Manning et al., 2005) Group R3 Group R2 Monoisotopic M. M. + (Na.sup.+): M. M. ± (H.sub.2): monoisotopic monoisotopic Empirical Bryo. # mass 22.9892 2.0156 mass (attached) mass (attached) Formula 1 904.4456 927.4348 902.4300 59.0133: 906.4613 2 862.4356 885.4243 860.4194 864.4507 3 888.4143 911.4035 886.3987 4 804.4613 917.4505 892.4456 896.4269 5 866.4300 880.4192 864.4143 6 852.4143 875.4035 7 824.3810 847.3722 8 880.4456 903.4348 9 852.4143 875.4035 10 808.4245 831.4137 11 766.3775 789.3667 12 932.4769 955.4061 13 794.4088 817.3980 14 824.4194 847.4086 15 920.4405 943.4297 16 790.4139 813.4031 17 790.4139 813.4031 18 808.4245 831.4137 indicates data missing or illegible when filed

Isolation of Bryostatin Analogues: B16 (98.5% CP) and B14B (93.4% CP)

[0062] Bryoid-like compounds, B16 and B14B, were purified from side-cuts collected from previous Bryostatin-1 purifications, and had been stored at 4° C. The bryoids' UV-spectra are identical to that of Bryostatin-1 (FIG. 9).

HPLC Monitoring:

[0063] During purification, B16 and B14B were monitored on a Luna C18 (2) column (250×4.6 mm, 10 μm). Elution was performed at 80% ACNP (acetonitrile acidified with phosphoric acid) isocratic mode, at a 2 mL/min flow rate. Column temperature was set at 30° C.

Purification Procedure and Results:

[0064] Fractions containing B16 and B14B were purified using two prep-C18 columns (2.5×2.5 cm, 10 μm) and a semi-prep PFP column. Purification was performed with step-gradient using increasing concentrations of ACNP. Elution was monitored until each Bryoid was located mainly on individual columns. Columns were stripped using a fast gradient with ACNP, and fractions were assayed to determine concentration of each peak.

[0065] Bryoids B16 and B14 B can be separated successfully using the described column system. The use of both C18 and PFP column is necessary for the separation of B16 from B14B, and partial purification of B14B from B14C. Peak labeled B14C is another bryoid that co-elutes with B14B, and can be better monitored when analyzed at 70% ACNP. Crystallization of both B16 and B14B/C was possible by addition of MeOH to the Bryoid-containing fractions. A total of 212 mg of B16 crystals with 98.5% CP were collected. A total of 108 mg of B14B/C at 93.4% CP was recovered and stored for future purification. B14B/C was subsequently separated into B14B and B14C. The purified Bryoids were re-analyzed by LC/MS/MS. The results are summarized in Table 4.

TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 LC/MS/MS Analysis of Purified Bryostatin Analogues for Each Fraction Based on Mass Match Mass Bryostatin Match Bryoid Mass + Na [M] Based on Mass Bryostatin-1 927.3 904.3 Bryostatin-1 Bryostatin-2 885.4 862.4 Bryostatin-2 Bryostatin-3 911.4 888.4 Bryostatin-3 B16 909.4 886.4 None B10 897.4 874.4 None B12 911.5 888.9 Bryostatin-3 Isomer B14B 869.5 846.6 None B14C 895.5 872.6 None

Biological Activities of Purified Bryoids:

[0066] Purified Bryoids at 10-.sup.9M are shown to increase alpha-secretase activity in SHSY-5Y neuroblastoma cells in FIG. 10. B3, B14B and B16 are shown to improve the production of alpha-secretase over Bryostatin-1.

[0067] B10 is shown to improve the production of PKC-epsilon over Bryostatin-1 in FIG. 11. B10 is shown to improve the production of PKC-delta over Bryostatin-1 in FIG. 12. B10 is shown to improve the production of PKC-alpha over Bryostatin-1 in FIG. 13.

NMR and Structural Characterization:

[0068] The three variants were compared by to bryostatin 1 and bryostatin 3 by their NMR .sup.1H and .sup.13C resonances and connectivities (HSQC and HMBC spectra). All three variants distinctly had the ring closure at C22 of bryostatin 3, and similar R1 and R3 sidechains (the OAc and the 8-carbon 2,4-ene). The variations, relative to bryostatin 3, were:

[0069] B10: NMR showed loss of one methyl group from C18, matching the mass difference: Predicted C.sub.45H.sub.62O.sub.17=874.4 (monoisotopic); obs B10 874.4. The putative structure of B10 is depicted in FIG. 14.

[0070] B12 appears to be a stereoisomer: a number of protons in the vicinity of the 19-24 ring have modest changes in chemical shift; but the connectivities show the same covalent structure as bryostatin 3, and it has the same mass as bryostatin 3 (C46H.sub.6407=888.4). The most likely site would be at C22, if the mechanism of ring closure was not perfectly stereoselective. Inversion at adjacent sites (19, 20, or 23) could also explain the NMR changes, although these variations are not seen among the other bryostatins. The putative structure for B12 is depicted in FIG. 15.

[0071] In B16, the 26-OH has become a ketone. This change accounts for the 2 Da observed mass difference between B16 (C.sub.46H.sub.62O.sub.17=886.4) and Bryo-3 (888.4). A bryostatin-3 26-ketone is known (Schaufelberger 1991).

[0072] These structures are suggested by the NMR data which is set forth in NMR spectra in FIGS. 16-18. FIG. 16 depicts the NMR spectra of Bryostatin-3. FIG. 17 depicts the NMR spectra of B10. FIG. 18 depicts the NMR spectra of B12 overlaid on the NMR spectra of Bryostatin-3.

[0073] Thus, we have disclosed embodiments of the present invention based on our present understanding of the best mode to make and use these compounds. Those skilled in the art will readily understand that such preferred embodiments are subject to alteration and modification and therefore the present invention should not be limited to the precise details, but should encompass the subject matter of the claims that follow and their equivalents.