Quantum NV-diamond atomic clock

Abstract

The invention is related to a novel atomic clock developed by taking into basis Quantum mechanics and the spin-spin status of the electrodes that have been trapped. The disadvantages such as radioactivity perceived in atomic clocks, half life and shelf life are prevented by means of the invention.

Claims

1. A quantum diamond clock comprising: at least one microwave energy source adapted to deliver an electrode nitrogen atom to a covalent bond; at least one nitrogen vacancy centered diamond having a nitrogen vacancy center defect; at least one magnetic resonance imaging unit adapted to perform a magnetic resonance imaging and an optical microscopy and an optical determination and a resonance determination; at least one inner housing adapted to block electromagnetic waves; at least one outer housing adapted to block electromagnetic waves; at least one output unit that calculates pulses obtained from said at least one magnetic resonance imaging unit; and at least one antenna that takes an initial time value or a back-up function.

2. The quantum diamond clock of claim 1, further comprising: at least one alternative unit cooperative with said at least one magnetic resonance imaging unit.

3. The quantum diamond clock of claim 2, wherein said at least one alternative unit is an optical microscopy unit.

4. The quantum diamond clock of claim 2, wherein said at least one alternative unit is an optical determination unit.

5. The quantum diamond clock of claim 2, wherein said at least one alternative unit is a resonance determination unit.

6. The quantum diamond clock of claim 1, wherein said at least one antenna is a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) antenna.

7. The quantum diamond clock of claim 1, wherein said at least one antenna is a Global Positioning System (GPS) antenna.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

(1) FIG. 1, shows the schematic view of the N-V centered diamond.

(2) FIG. 2, shows the schematic view of the nitrogen and carbon atom.

(3) FIG. 3, shows the electrons received from the energy source and the schematic view of the convection.

(4) FIG. 4, shows the schematic view of the electrode which has tagged along to the nitrogen atom orbit.

(5) FIG. 5, shows the proposed device scheme of the Quantum NV-Diamond atom clock.

REFERENCE NUMBERS

(6) 1. Microwave energy source 2. NV-centered diamond 3. MRI unit 4. Alternative unit 5. Inner housing 6. Outer housing 7. Output unit 8. Antenna

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

(7) In this detailed description the novelty brought about by the invention has been further described with embodiments that do not limit the invention in any way. In FIG. 5, the quantum nv-diamond atom clock scheme that is proposed has been given. Accordingly the invention comprises, at least a microwave energy source (1) that is used to deliver the electrode nitrogen atom to a covalent bond, at least a NV-centered diamond (2) having a nitrogen vacancy centre defect, at least an MRI unit (3) which provides magnetic resonance imaging, optical microscopy, optical determination and resonance determination, at least an inner housing (5) which blocks electromagnetic waves, at least an outer housing (6) which blocks electromagnetic waves, at least an output unit (7) which calculates the pulses obtained from determination mechanisms, at least an antenna (8) which takes the initial time value and/or back up function.

(8) An alternative unit (4) can be used as an alternative to the MRI unit (3) that has been described in the different embodiments of the invention. Said alternative unit (4) can be characterized as, an optical microscope, optical determination units or other resonance type units.

(9) The output unit (7) mentioned in the preferred embodiment of the invention receives the oscillation count from the MRI unit (3) as Hz. The unit should be able to determine oscillations and count them up to at least from 32768 pulses per second to 9192631770 pulses per second depending on the type of diamond or quartz. When there is a deviation (below the minimum oscillation count), the output unit (7) connected to the microwave energy source (1) triggers a new microwave pulse in order to continue linearity

(10) The operation principal of the invention is as follows: NV is a defect where a nitrogen atom replaces one of the carbon atoms inside the lattice of diamond crystal. NV defects are formed by placing nitrogen via either nitrogen via natural growth or afterwards via annealing into high purity diamond. In FIG. 1, an NV-centered diamond (2) is shown schematically. As it can be seen in FIG. 2, the nitrogen atom, does not have four covalent bonds which the carbon atom has. Following the convection received from electrons via the microwave energy source (1) shown in FIG. 3, an electron will tag along the orbit of the nitrogen atom (FIG. 4). The electron (ion) has several features such as being fluorescent. The feature that is required for an atom clock is a phonon standing wave. The oscillation (phonon standing wave) sourced from the nature of the NV centre defect trapped with an ion (electron) can be used as a timer mechanism. The mechanisms that have been described are nuclear spin and dipole coupling, where the spins can be singularly determined by means of a super resolution optical microscope or a magnetic resonance imaging MRI unit (3). Due to the axial symmetry of the NV centre, the two mS=±1 state is degenerated and the mS=0 state has lower energy. The energy difference between the spin low levels are D=2.87 GHz for the basic state and D=1.42 GHz for the exitation state, wherein D, is the quantity known as the zero field dissociation. This magnetic field dependency forms the basis of all magnetic detection applications. Optical transitions are processes that strongly protect spinning and this means that during a cycle the spin state does not change. Photons are oscillations in a lattice. The Photons create a wave along a lattice. A nitrogen vacancy and electron will simply oscillate and fluorescent emissions will be created. The electron does not comply with the conventional atomic orbit limits, however it is subject to intermittent orbits. It is coupled strongly to carbon and it still is being pulled to nitrogen. Fluorescence and oscillations can be measured/determined. The spin Hamiltonian of the NV centre is as follows:

(11) $\begin{array}{cc}\frac{\mathscr{H}}{\hslash }=\underset{\underset{\mathrm{zfs}}{︸}}{D\left(S_z^2-\frac{2}{3}\right)}+\underset{\underset{\mathrm{magnetic}}{︸}}{\gamma B.Math.S}+\underset{\underset{\mathrm{electric}}{︸}}{{ϵ}_z{E}_z\left(S_z^2-\frac{2}{3}\right)+{ϵ}_{\mathrm{xy}}\left\{E_x\left(S_x{S}_y+S_y{S}_x\right)+E_y\left(S_x^2+S_y^2\right)\right\}}.& \left(\mathrm{Formula}1\right)\end{array}$

(12) Wherein D=2.87 GHz is zero field separation (zfs). B is a vector magnetic field, E={Ex,Ey,Ez} is a vector electrical field and _z and _xy are coupling constants. The main axis of the NV centre according to the convention is along the −z axis or crystal axis.

(13) As it has been described above before, due to the fluorescence emission characteristics of the NV centre defect, the MRI unit (3) can use optical detection mechanisms instead of determination mechanisms;

(14) The stable state of the fluorescence emission and the separable spin states of each NV centre are the same. In comparison to an overlapping state without correlation, one of the states shall probably have two photon emissions. Stable state fluorescence emission;

(15) $\begin{array}{cc}{\Psi }^{+}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\left(.Math.01.Math.+i.Math.10.Math.\right),{\Phi }^{+}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\left(.Math.00.Math.+i.Math.11.Math.\right)& \left(\mathrm{Formula}2\right)\end{array}$

(16) The Φ state needs to have two photon emissions that is higher in comparison to an overlapping state, whereas Ψ gives a lower probability result.