Vitamin supplement compositions with enhanced bioavailability

Abstract

A vitamin supplement composition that includes a complex with enhanced bioavailability having a vitamin B complex, wherein the vitamin B complex includes: (a) a first vitamin, wherein the first vitamin comprises a form of vitamin B.sub.6; (b) a second vitamin, wherein the second vitamin comprises a form of vitamin B.sub.9; (c) a third vitamin, wherein the third vitamin comprises a form of vitamin B.sub.12; and (d) wherein the first vitamin, the second vitamin, and the third vitamin cooperate synergistically to enhance bioavailability of the same. The present invention further includes a method of administering a vitamin supplement composition to an individual having, for example, MTHFR deficiency.

Claims

1. A vitamin supplement composition, comprising: a vitamin B complex, wherein the vitamin B complex comprises: a first vitamin, wherein the first vitamin comprises a form of vitamin B.sub.6; a second vitamin, wherein the second vitamin comprises (6S)-L-5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid, glucosamine salt; and a third vitamin, wherein the third vitamin comprises a form of vitamin B.sub.12.

2. The vitamin supplement composition according to claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of the first vitamin to the second vitamin to the third vitamin ranges from approximately 300:50:1 to approximately 30:50:1 by weight of the total vitamin B complex.

3. The vitamin supplement composition according to claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of the first vitamin to the second vitamin to the third vitamin is approximately 200:55:1 by weight of the total vitamin B complex.

4. The vitamin supplement composition according to claim 1, further comprising at least one of vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, biotin, pantothenic acid, calcium, iron, iodine, magnesium, zinc, selenium, copper, manganese, chromium, molybdenum, choline, boron, lutein, lycopene, inositol, fruit and/or vegetable blend, and combinations thereof.

5. The vitamin supplement composition according to claim 1, further comprising at least one of sweeteners, beeswax, carnuba wax, flavors, emulsifiers, preservatives, colors, glaze, syrups, silica, malic acid, citric acid, magnesium stearate, cellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, croscarmellose sodium, silicon dioxide, maltodextrin, sunflower lecithin, guar gum, sunflower oil, coconut oil, vegetable cellulose, stearic acid, vegetable magnesium stearate, pectin, sodium citrate, dicalcium phosphate, and combinations thereof.

6. The vitamin supplement composition according to claim 1, further comprising a vitamin/mineral selected from the group consisting of vitamin A, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid, biotin, vitamin C, choline, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K, calcium, chloride, chromium, copper, fluoride, iodine, iron, magnesium, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, phosphorus, potassium, silicon, selenium, sodium, sulfur, tin, vanadium, zinc, and combinations thereof.

7. The vitamin supplement composition according to claim 1, further comprising an amino acid selected from the group consisting of L-alanine, L-arginine, L-asparagine, L-aspartic acid, L-cysteine, L-glutamine, L-glutamic acid, L-glycine, L-histidine, L-isoleucine, L-leucine, L-lysine, L-methionine, L-phenylalanine, L-proline, L-serine, L-threonine, L-tryptophan, L-tyrosine, L-valine, and combinations thereof.

8. The vitamin supplement composition according to claim 1, wherein the first vitamin comprises pyridoxal-5-phosphate.

9. The vitamin supplement composition according to claim 1, wherein the third vitamin comprises methylcobalamin.

10. A vitamin supplement composition, comprising: a vitamin B complex, wherein the vitamin B complex comprises: a first vitamin, wherein the first vitamin comprises pyridoxal-5-phosphate; a second vitamin, wherein the second vitamin comprises (6S)-L-5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid, glucosamine salt; and a third vitamin, wherein the third vitamin comprises methylcobalamin.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

(1) While this invention is susceptible of embodiment in many different forms, there is shown in the structural formulas and described herein in detail several specific embodiments with the understanding that the present disclosure is to be considered as an exemplification of the principles of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention to the embodiments illustrated. It will be understood that the structural formulas disclosed herein are intended to comprise all stereochemical configurations regardless of graphical representations.

(2) In accordance with the present invention, vitamin supplement compositions are disclosed herein that include vitamins and/or vitamin complexes having enhanced bioavailability for maximizing nutritional absorption. Without being bound by any one particular theory, it is believed that the vitamin supplement compositions of the present invention facilitate enhanced bioavailability by reducing and/or eliminating multi-step biochemical conversions and/or are formulated in such a manner that relevant vitamins or their nutraceutically acceptable salts or solvates are neither compromised and/or adversely affected by other and/or adjunct ingredients. It will be understood that the vitamin supplement compositions of the present invention are preferably swallowable, chewable, and/or dissolvable and suitable for use in liquid, gel, tablet, pill, capsule, powder, and/or other conventional supplement forms.

(3) In a first embodiment of the present invention, the vitamin supplement compositions preferably include a vitamin complex having enhanced bioavailability for maximizing nutritional absorption, relative to vitamin supplement compositions having primarily synthetic and/or conventional vitamers. In accordance with the present invention the vitamin complex preferably includes a first vitamin, wherein the first vitamin comprises a specific vitamer and/or derivative of vitamin B.sub.6, a second vitamin, wherein the second vitamin comprises a specific vitamer and/or derivative of vitamin B.sub.9, and a third vitamin, wherein the third vitamin comprises a specific vitamer and/or derivative of vitamin B.sub.12.

(4) For purposes of the present disclosure, the first vitamin preferably comprises the structure of formula I or nutraceutically acceptable salts (e.g., deprotonated derivatives) or solvates thereof:

(5) ##STR00007##
wherein R.sub.1-R.sub.6, are each independently selected from the group consisting of H; OH; and an alkyl, cycloalkyl, polycycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, alkaryl, aralkyl, alkoxy, alkanoyl, aroyl, alkenyl, alkyl-alkenyl, alcohol, ether, ketone, carboxylic acid, acid halide, acid anhydride, ester, and/or amide group containing approximately 1 to approximately 25 carbon atom(s); wherein at least three of R.sub.1-R.sub.5 comprise OH; and wherein X.sub.1-X.sub.3 are each independently selected from the group consisting of N—R.sub.6; O; and S. In particular, the first vitamin preferably comprises the structure of formula II or nutraceutically acceptable salts or solvates thereof:

(6) ##STR00008##

(7) For purposes of reducing any potential ambiguity associated with the structure of formula II, it will be understood that this structure is a vitamer of vitamin B.sub.6 known as [(4-formyl-5-hydroxy-6-methylpyridin-3-yl)methoxy]phosphonic acid and/or pyridoxal-5′-phosphate and is commercially available from Sigma-Aldrich—among other chemical suppliers.

(8) In one embodiment, the second vitamin preferably comprises a folate derivative and/or the structure of formula III or nutraceutically acceptable salts or solvates thereof:

(9) ##STR00009##
wherein R.sub.1-R.sub.12, are each independently selected from the group consisting of H; OH; and an alkyl, cycloalkyl, polycycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, alkaryl, aralkyl, alkoxy, alkanoyl, aroyl, alkenyl, alkyl-alkenyl, alcohol, ether, ketone, carboxylic acid, acid halide, acid anhydride, ester, and/or amide group containing approximately 1 to approximately 25 carbon atom(s); and wherein X.sub.1-X.sub.4 are each independently selected from the group consisting of N—R.sub.12; O; and S. In particular, the second vitamin preferably comprises the structure of formula IV or nutraceutically acceptable salts or solvates thereof:

(10) ##STR00010##

(11) For purposes of reducing any potential ambiguity associated with the structure of formula IV, it will be understood that this structure is a vitamer of vitamin B.sub.9 known as N-[4-[[[(6S)-2-amino-1,4,5,6,7,8-hexahydro-5-methyl-4-oxo-6-pteridinyl]methyl]-amino]benzoyl]-L-glutamic acid, glucosamine salt.

(12) In accordance with the present invention, the third vitamin preferably comprises the structure of formula V or nutraceutically acceptable salts or solvates thereof:

(13) ##STR00011##
wherein R.sub.1 is selected from the group consisting of H; OH; and an alkyl, cycloalkyl, polycycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, alkaryl, aralkyl, alkoxy, alkanoyl, aroyl, alkenyl, alkyl-alkenyl, alcohol, ether, ketone, carboxylic acid, acid halide, acid anhydride, ester, and/or amide group containing approximately 1 to approximately 25 carbon atom(s). In particular, the third vitamin preferably comprises the structure of formula V or nutraceutically acceptable salts or solvates thereof:

(14) ##STR00012##

(15) For purposes of reducing any potential ambiguity associated with the structure of formula VI, it will be understood that this structure is a vitamer of vitamin B.sub.12 known as methylcobalamin and is commercially available from Sigma-Aldrich—among other chemical suppliers.

(16) The weight ratio of the first vitamin to the second vitamin to the third vitamin preferably ranges from approximately 300:50:1 to approximately 100:20:1 by weight of the total vitamin B complex, and more preferably ranges from approximately 250:75:1 to approximately 30:50:1 by weight of the total vitamin B complex. In one embodiment, the weight ratio of the first vitamin to the second vitamin to the third vitamin is approximately 200:55:1 by weight of the vitamin B complex.

(17) In one embodiment of the present invention, the vitamin supplement compositions optionally include animal protein and/or plant protein. Suitable examples of proteins include, for example, egg protein, milk protein, whey protein, whey protein concentrate, whey protein isolate, whey protein hydrolysate, casein protein, hydrolyzed protein, soy protein, rice protein, pea protein, quinoa protein, oat protein, and/or cranberry protein.

(18) In another embodiment of the present invention, the vitamin supplement compositions optionally include a saturated fat, a trans fat, a monounsaturated fat, and/or a polyunsaturated fat—especially including omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids. Suitable examples include, but are not limited to, hexadecatrienoic acid, α-linolenic acid, stearidonic acid, eicosatrienoic acid, eicosatetraenoic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, heneicosapentaenoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid, clupanodonic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, tetracosapentaenoic acid, tetracosahexaenoic acid, linoleic acid, gamma-linolenic acid, calendic acid, eicosadienoic acid, dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid, arachidonic acid, docosadienoic acid, adrenic acid, docosapentaenoic acid, tetracosatetraenoic acid, and/or tetracosapentaenoic acid.

(19) The vitamin supplement compositions of the present invention also optionally include one or more amino acids. Non-limiting examples of amino acids include L and D enantiomers of alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamine, glutamic acid, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine, tryptophan, tyrosine, and/or valine.

(20) In one embodiment of the present invention, the vitamin supplement compositions also optionally include one or more prebiotics, such as galacto- and fructo-oligosaccharides, also known as oligogalactosyllactose, oligogalactose, oligolactose or trans galactooligosaccharides (TOS).

(21) In accordance with the present invention, the vitamin supplement compositions also optionally include one or more nucleotides (adenosine-5′-monophosphate, cytidine-5′-monophosphate, disodium guanosine-5′-monophosphate, disodium uridine-5′-monophosphate, etcetera).

(22) Preferably, the vitamin supplement compositions of the present invention include additional vitamins and minerals. Examples include vitamin A, other B vitamins, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid, biotin, vitamin C, choline, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K, calcium, chloride, chromium, copper, fluoride, iodine, iron (e.g., ferrous gluconate, Ferronyl™) magnesium, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, phosphorus, potassium, silicon, selenium, sodium, sulfur, tin, vanadium, zinc, and combinations thereof.

(23) In one embodiment of the present invention, the vitamin supplement compositions also optionally include one or more enzymes and/or fruits, including, but not limited to, amylase, bromelain, cellulose, lactase, lipase, papain, protease, actinidia deliciosa (whole fruit) extract (kiwi), mango (fruit), etcetera.

(24) The vitamin supplement compositions of the present invention may also include one or more of sweeteners, beeswax, carnuba wax, flavors (e.g., cocoa, coffee, fruit flavors, natural and/or artificial flavors, etcetera), emulsifiers, preservatives, colors, glaze, syrups, silica, malic acid, citric acid, magnesium stearate, cellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, croscarmellose sodium, silicon dioxide, maltodextrin, sunflower lecithin, guar gum, sunflower oil, coconut oil, vegetable cellulose, stearic acid, vegetable magnesium stearate, pectin, sodium citrate, dicalcium phosphate, medicaments, herbal additives, spice additives (e.g., turmeric, cumin, ginger, cinnamon), phyto additives, plant additives, additional anti-oxidants, buffers, thickening agents, stabilizers, and/or a solvents.

(25) In one preferred embodiment of the present invention, the vitamin supplement composition further comprises one or more fruits and vegetables, preferably in powder form, selected from the group consisting of blueberry, strawberry, raspberry, cherry, elderberry, cranberry, blackberry, bilberry, black currant, pomegranate, broccoli, broccoli sprouts, tomato, carrot, spinach, kale, cauliflower, brussels sprouts, beet, orange, collard greens, lemon, lime, apple, grape, grape seed, pineapple, goji berry, banana, mango, kiwi, onion, cucumber, watermelon, aronia berry, acai berry, cabbage, asparagus, pear, red bell pepper, green bell pepper, plum, parsley, sweet potato, radish sprouts, okra, pumpkin, and combinations thereof.

(26) In accordance with the present invention, the vitamin supplement composition may further comprise citicoline (also known as CDP-choline, cytidine 5′-diphosphocholine) and/or nutraceutically acceptable salts or solvates thereof, which is represented by the structure of formula VII provided herein below:

(27) ##STR00013##

(28) In further accordance with the present invention, the vitamin supplement composition may further comprise pantethine and/or nutraceutically acceptable salts or solvates thereof, which is represented by the structure of formula VIII provided herein below:

(29) ##STR00014##

(30) Provided below is a non-limiting example of a multi-vitamin supplement composition in accordance with the present invention. The vitamins, minerals, and/or ingredients are as follows: Vitamin A Palmitate, Beta Carotene (500-4000 IU), Ascorbic Acid, Calcium Ascorbate, Acerola Cherry fruit extract (20-150 mg), D3 Vegan Cholecalciferol (VitaShine®) (200-800 IU), D-alpha tocopherol acetate, natural mixed tocopherols (5-100 IU), K1 as Phylloquinone and K2 as Menaquinone-7 (vitamink7™) (6-80 mcg), Thiamine Mononitrate (0.25-5 mg), Riboflavin-5-Phosphate (0.25-5 mg), Niacinamide (2-25 mg), Pyridoxal-5-Phosphate (0.3-50 mg), Quatrefolic®-(6S)-5-methyltetrahydrofolate glucosamine salt (50-800 mcg), Methylcobalamin (1-15 mcg), Biotin (5-300 mcg), Calcium pantothenate (2-15 mg), Calcium citrate malate, Calcium Bisglycinate Chelate (50-500 mg), Ferronyl™ carbonyl iron, Ferrochel® Ferrous Bisglycinate Chelate (2-30 mg), Kelp (10-200 mcg), Magnesium Bisglycinate Chelate (10-200 mg), Zinc Bisglycinate Chelate (2-15 mg), Selenium Glycinate Complex (8-75 mcg), Copper Bisglycinate Chelate (0.1-2 mg), Manganese Bisglycinate Chelate (0.5-3 mg), Chromium Nicotinate Glycinate Chelate (15-150 mcg), Molybdenum Glycinate Chelate (10-100 mcg), Choline Bitartrate (2-200 mg), Bororganic™ Glycine (0.25-150 mcg), Marigold flower extract (10-25 mcg), Tomato extract (10-25 mcg), Inositol (5-50 mcg) and Fruit and vegetable powders (50-300 mg).

(31) Provided below are additional non-limiting examples of vitamin supplement compositions.

Example 2 (Multivitamin)

Amount Per Serving

(32) TABLE-US-00001 Ingredient Name Amount Source Vitamin A Palmitate, Beta Carotene 500-5000 IU Parchem Ascorbic Acid, Calcium Ascorbate, 20-250 mg Parchem Acerola Cherry fruit extract D3 Vegan Cholecalciferol 200-800 IU Vegetology (VitaShine ®) D-alpha tocopherol acetate, natural 5-150 IU Parchem mixed tocopherols K1 as Phylloquinone and K2 as 5-100 mcg Parchem/Gnosis Menaquinone-7 (vitamink7 ™) USA, Inc. Thiamine Mononitrate 0.25-7 mg Parchem Riboflavin-5-Phosphate 0.25-7 mg Parchem Niacinamide 2-25 mg Parchem Pyridoxal-5-Phosphate 0.1-50 mg Parchem Quatrefolic ®-(6S)-5- 25-1,000 mcg Gnosis USA, Inc. methyltetrahydrofolate glucosamine salt Methylcobalamin 1-30 mcg Parchem Biotin 5-500 mcg Parchem Calcium pantothenate 2-50 mg Parchem Calcium citrate malate, Calcium 50-700 mg Albion/Balchem Bisglycinate Chelate Ferronyl ™ carbonyl iron, 1-50 mg Albion/Balchem/ Ferrochl ® Ferrous Bisglycinate Ashland Chelate Kelp 1-500 mcg Parchem Magnesium Bisglycinate Chelate 1-500 mg Albion/Balchem Zinc Bisglycinate Chelate 1-30 mg Albion/Balchem Selenium Glycinate Complex 2-200 mcg Albion/Balchem Copper Bisglycinate Chelate 0.1-5 mg Albion/Balchem Manganese Bisglycinate Chelate 0.1-5 mg Albion/Balchem Chromium Nicotinate Glycinate 1-450 mcg Albion/Balchem Chelate Molybdenum Glycinate Chelate 1-300 mcg Albion/Balchem Choline Bitartrate 1-600 mg Parchem Bororganic ™ Glycine 0.25-250 mcg Albion/Balchem Marigold flower extract 1-50 mcg Parchem Tomato extract 1-50 mcg Parchem Inositol 1-100 mcg Parchem Fruit and vegetable powders 1-500 mg Powder Pure

Example 3 (B Complex)

Amount Per Serving

(33) TABLE-US-00002 Ingredient Name Amount Source Pyridoxal-5-Phosphate .3-50 mg Parchem Quatrefolic ®-(6S)-5- 50-800 mcg Gnosis methyltetrahydrofolate glucosamine salt Methylcobalamin 1-500 mcg Parchem

Example 4 (Calcium)

Amount Per Serving

(34) TABLE-US-00003 Ingredient Name Amount Source Calcium citrate malate, Calcium 50-500 mg Albion/Balchem Bisglycinate Chelate D3 Vegan Cholecalciferol 100-800 IU Vegetology (VitaShine ®) Magnesium Bisglycinate Chelate 10-200 mg Albion/Balchem Zinc Bisglycinate Chelate 2-15 mg Albion/Balchem

Example 5 (Immune Support)

Amount Per Serving

(35) TABLE-US-00004 Ingredient Name Amount Source Ascorbic Acid, Calcium Ascorbate 20-150 mg Parchem and from acerola fruit extract Black Elderberry (Sambucus nigra 10-50 mg Parchem L.) extract (berry) Zinc Bisglycinate Chelate 2-15 mg Albion/Balchem Blackberry, Blueberry, 10-200 mg Powder Pure Acerola Cherry

Example 6 (Brain & Cardiovascular Support)

Amount Per Serving

(36) TABLE-US-00005 Ingredient Name Amount Source Opti3 Omega 3 Complex 50-1,000 mg Vegetology D3 Vegan Cholecalciferol 100-400 IU Vegetology (VitaShine ®)

Example 7 (Vitamin D)

Amount Per Serving

(37) TABLE-US-00006 Ingredient Name Amount Source D3 Vegan Cholecalciferol 200-800 IU Vegetology (VitaShine ®) Fruit and vegetable powders 50-300 mg Powder Pure

Example 8 (Women's Multivitamin)

Amount Per Serving

(38) TABLE-US-00007 Ingredient Name Amount Source Vitamin C (from Acerola 20-150 mg FutureCeuticals Cherry fruit extract) (60 mg) D3 Vegan Cholecalciferol 5-50 mcg The GHT (VitaShine ®) (15 mcg) Companies Vitamin E (as d-alpha 5-100 IU Marroquin tocopherol succinate) (20 IU) Organics Vitamin K2 (as Menaquinone-7: 2-100 mcg Gnosis VitaMK7 ®) (20 mcg) Niacin (as Inositol hexanicotinate and 2-25 mg Parchem nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) (10 mg) Thiamin (as Cocarboxylase) .25-5 mg Parchem (.375 mg) Riboflavin .25-5 mg Parchem (as Riboflavin-5-Phosphate) (.425 mg) Pantothenic Acid (as Pantethine: 2-15 mg Kyowa Hakko Pantesin ®) (2.5 mg) USA Vitamin B6 0.5-50 mg Parchem (as Pyridoxal-5-Phosphate) (6 mg) Quatrefolic ®-(6S)-5- 50-800 mcg Gnosis methyltetrahydrofolate (600 mcg) glucosamine salt Vitamin B12 0.5-15 mcg Parchem (as Methylcobalamin) (8 mcg) Biotin (as d-Biotin) 5-300 mcg DSM (20 mcg) Iodine (from Kelp) 10-200 mcg Parchem (38 mcg) Choline (as Citicoline: Cognizin ®) 2-600 mg Kyowa Hakko (20 mg) USA Boron: (as Calcium Fructoborate: .25 mcg-2 mg FutureCeuticals FruiteX-B ®) (1 mg) Zinc (as Zinc Bisglycinate Chelate) 2-15 mg Albion/Balchem (5 mg) Selenium (as Selenium 8-75 mcg Albion/Balchem Glycinate Complex) (10 mcg) Iron (as Ferric Glycinate) 2-30 mg Albion/Balchem (8 mg) Magnesium (as Magnesium 10-200 mg Albion/Balchem Bisglycinate Chelate) (30 mg) Lutein (from marigolds: 10 mcg-10 mg Kemin/DSM FloraGlo ®) (100 mcg) Zeaxanthin(from marigolds: 10 mcg-10 mg Kemin/DSM ZeaOne ®) (100 mcg) Fruit and vegetable powder blend: 20-200 mg FutureCeuticals (Strawberry, Raspberry, Blueberry, (100 mg) Tart Cherry, Elderberry, Cranberry, Broccoli, Broccoli Sprouts, Tomato, Carrot, Spinach, Kale)

Example 9 (Men's Multivitamin)

Amount Per Serving

(39) TABLE-US-00008 Ingredient Name Amount Source Vitamin C (from Acerola Cherry fruit extract) 20-150 mg (60 mg) FutureCeuticals D3 Vegan Cholecalciferol (VitaShine ®) 5-50 mcg (15 mcg) The GHT Companies Vitamin E (as d-alpha tocopherol succinate) 5-100 IU (20 IU) Marroquin Organics Vitamin K2 (as Menaquinone-7: VitaMK7 ®) 2-100 mcg Gnosis (20 mcg) Niacin (as Inositol hexanicotinate and 2-25 mg (10 mg) Parchem nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) Thiamin (as Cocarboxylase) .25-5 mg Parchem (.375 mg) Riboflavin (as Riboflavin - 5- Phosphate) .25-5 mg Parchem (.425 mg) Pantothenic Acid (as Pantethine: Pantesing 2-15 mg (2.5 mg) Kyowa Hakko USA Vitamin B6 (as Pyridoxal - 5 - Phosphate) 0.5-50 mg (6 mg) Parchem Quatrefolic ® - (6S)-5-methyltetrahydrofolate 50-800 mcg Gnosis glucosamine salt (400 mcg) Vitamin B12 (as Methylcobalamin) 0.5-15 mcg Parchem (8 mcg) Biotin (as d-Biotin) 5-300 mcg DSM (20 mcg) Iodine (from Kelp) 10-200 mcg Parchem (38 mcg) Choline (as Citicoline: Cognizing 2-600 mg (20 mg) Kyowa Hakko USA Boron: (as Calcium Fructoborate: FruiteX-B ®) .25mcg-2 mg FutureCeuticals (500 mcg) Zinc (as Zinc Bisglycinate Chelate) 2-15 mg (5 mg) Albion/Balchem Selenium (as Selenium Glycinate Complex) 8-75 mcg (20 mcg) Albion/Balchem Magnesium (as Magnesium Bisglycinate 10-200 mg Albion/Balchem Chelate) (30 mg) Lutein (from marigolds: FloraGlo ®) 10 mcg-10 mg Kemin/DSM (100 mcg) Zeaxanthin (from marigolds: ZeaOne ®) 10 mcg-10 mg Kemin/DSM (100 mcg) Lycopene (from tomato extract: redivivo ®) 10 mcg-10 mg Kemin/DSM (500 mcg) Fruit and vegetable powder blend: 20-200 mg FutureCeuticals (Strawberry, Raspberry, Blueberry, Tart Cherry, (100 mg) Elderberry, Cranberry, Broccoli, Broccoli Sprouts, Tomato, Carrot, Spinach, Kale)

Example 10 (Children's Multivitamin)

Amount Per Serving

(40) TABLE-US-00009 Ingredient Name Amount Source Vitamin C (from Acerola Cherry fruit extract) 20-150 mg (40 mg) FutureCeuticals D3 Vegan Cholecalciferol (VitaShine ®) 5-50 mcg (10 mcg) The GHT Companies Vitamin E (as d-alpha tocopherol succinate) 5-100 IU (6 IU) Marroquin Organics Vitamin K2 (as Menaquinone-7: VitaMK7 ®) 2-100 mcg Gnosis (5 mcg) Niacin (as Inositol hexanicotinate and 2-25 mg (5 mg) Parchem nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) Thiamin (as Cocarboxylase) .25-5 mg Parchem (.3 mg) Riboflavin (as Riboflavin - 5- Phosphate) .25-5 mg Parchem (.425 mg) Pantothenic Acid (as Pantethine: Pantesing 2-15 mg (2 mg) Kyowa Hakko USA Vitamin B6 (as Pyridoxal - 5 - Phosphate) 0.5-50 mg (1 mg) Parchem Quatrefolic ® - (6S)-5-methyltetrahydrofolate 50-800 mcg Gnosis glucosamine salt (200 mcg) Vitamin B12 (as Methylcobalamin) 0.5-15 mcg Parchem (2 mcg) Biotin (as d-Biotin) 5-300 mcg DSM (20 mcg) Iodine (from Kelp) 10-200 mcg Parchem (40 mcg) Choline (as Citicoline: Cognizing 2-600 mg (50 mg) Kyowa Hakko USA Boron: (as Calcium Fructoborate: FruiteX-B ®) .25mcg-2 mg FutureCeuticals (100 mcg) Zinc (as Zinc Bisglycinate Chelate) 2-15 mg (4 mg) Albion/Balchem Iron (as Ferric Glycinate) 2-30 mg (6 mg) Albion/Balchem Magnesium (as Magnesium Bisglycinate 10-200 mg Albion/Balchem Chelate) (20 mg) Selenium (as Selenium Glycinate Complex) 8-75 mcg (10 mcg) Albion/Balchem Lutein (from marigolds: FloraGlo ®) 10 mcg-10 mg Kemin/DSM (50 mcg) Zeaxanthin (from marigolds: ZeaOne ®) 10 mcg-10 mg Kemin/DSM (100 mcg) Fruit and vegetable powder blend: 20-200 mg FutureCeuticals (Strawberry, Raspberry, Blueberry, Tart Cherry, (100 mg) Elderberry, Cranberry, Broccoli, Broccoli Sprouts, Tomato, Carrot, Spinach, Kale)

Example 11 (Prenatal Multivitamin)

Amount Per Serving

(41) TABLE-US-00010 Ingredient Name Amount Source Vitamin C (from Acerola Cherry fruit extract) 20-150 mg (60 mg) FutureCeuticals D3 Vegan Cholecalciferol (VitaShine ®) 5-50 mcg (20 mcg) The GHT Companies Vitamin E (as d-alpha tocopherol succinate) 5-100 IU (10 IU) Marroquin Organics Vitamin K2 (as Menaquinone-7: VitaMK7 ®) 2-100 mcg Gnosis (40 mcg) Niacin (as Inositol hexanicotinate and 2-25 mg (10 mg) Parchem nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) Thiamin (as Cocarboxylase) .25-5 mg Parchem (2 mg) Riboflavin (as Riboflavin - 5- Phosphate) .25-5 mg Parchem (1 mg) Pantothenic Acid (as Pantethine: Pantesing 2-15 mg (4 mg) Kyowa Hakko USA Vitamin B6 (as Pyridoxal - 5 - Phosphate) 0.5-50 mg (6 mg) Parchem Quatrefolic ® - (6S)-5-methyltetrahydrofolate 50-800 mcg Gnosis glucosamine salt (800 mcg) Vitamin B12 (as Methylcobalamin) 0.5-15 mcg Parchem (8 mcg) Biotin (as d-Biotin) 5-300 mcg DSM (30 mcg) Iodine (from Kelp) 10-200 mcg Parchem (150 mcg) Choline (as Citicoline: Cognizing 2-600 mg (50 mg) Kyowa Hakko USA Boron: (as Calcium Fructoborate: FruiteX-B ®) .25mcg-2 mg FutureCeuticals (1 mg) Zinc (as Zinc Bisglycinate Chelate) 2-15 mg (10 mg) Albion/Balchem Selenium (as Selenium Glycinate Complex) 8-75 mcg (20 mcg) Albion/Balchem Iron (as Ferric Glycinate) 2-30 mg (18 mg) Albion/Balchem Magnesium (as Magnesium Bisglycinate 10-200 mg Albion/Balchem Chelate) (100 mg) Copper (as Copper Bisglycinate Chelate) .1-2 mn Albion/Balchem (1 mg) Calcium (as Calcium Bisglycinate Chelate) 50-600 mg Albion/Balchem (100 mg) Lutein (from marigolds: FloraGlo ®) 10 mcg-10 mg Kemin/DSM (2 mg) Zeaxanthin (from marigolds: ZeaOne ®) 10 mcg-10 mg Kemin/DSM (500 mcg) Fruit and vegetable powder blend: 20-200 mg FutureCeuticals (Strawberry, Raspberry, Blueberry, Tart Cherry, (100 mg) Elderberry, Cranberry, Broccoli, Broccoli Sprouts, Tomato, Carrot, Spinach, Kale)

Example 12 (Hair, Skin & Nails)

Amount Per Serving

(42) TABLE-US-00011 Ingredient Name Amount Source Vitamin C (from Acerola Cherry fruit extract) 20-150 mg (20mg) FutureCeuticals D3 Vegan Cholecalciferol (VitaShine ®) 5-50 mcg (10 mcg) The GHT Companies Vitamin B6 (as Pyridoxal - 5 - Phosphate) 0.5-50 mg (2 mg) Parchem Quatrefolic ® - (6S)-5-methyltetrahydrofolate 50-800 mcg Gnosis glucosamine salt (200 mcg) Vitamin B12 (as Methylcobalamin) 0.5-15 mcg Parchem (4 mcg) Biotin (as d-Biotin) 5-300 mcg DSM (100 mcg) Cranberry seed oil 200-600mg Nutrativa Global (500 mg) Black Currant seed oil 200-600mg Connoils (500 mg) Whole coffee fruit extract: Coffeeberry ® 50-500 mg FutureCeuticals Cascara (50 mg) Fruit powder blend: 20-200 mg FutureCeuticals (Strawberry, Raspberry, Blueberry, Tart Cherry, (50 mg) Elderberry, Cranberry)

Example 13 (B Complex)

Amount Per Serving

(43) TABLE-US-00012 Ingredient Name Amount Source Vitamin B6 (as Pyridoxal - 5 - Phosphate) 0.5-50 mg (6 mg) Parchem Quatrefolic ® - (6S)-5-methyltetrahydrofolate 50-800 mcg Gnosis glucosamine salt (800 mcg) Vitamin B12 (as Methylcobalamin) 0.5-15 mcg Parchem (8 mcg) Fruit powder blend: 20-200 mg FutureCeuticals (Strawberry, Raspberry, Blueberry, Tart Cherry, (50 mg) Elderberry, Cranberry)

Example 14 (Immune-Adult)

Amount Per Serving

(44) TABLE-US-00013 Ingredient Name Amount Source Vitamin C (from Acerola Cherry fruit extract) 20-150 mg (80 mg) FutureCeuticals Elderberry 25-100 mg FutureCeuticals (50 mg) Black Currant 5-50 mg (10 mg) FutureCeuticals Blackberry 5-50 mg (10 mg) FutureCeuticals Blueberry 5-50 mg (10 mg) FutureCeuticals Raspberry 5-50 mg (10 mg) FutureCeuticals Pomegranate 5-50 mg (10 mg) FutureCeuticals D3 Vegan Cholecalciferol (VitaShine ®) 5-50 mcg (10 mcg) The GHT Companies Zinc Bisglycinate Chelate 2-15 mg (6 mg) Albion/Balchem Vitamin B6 (as Pyridoxal - 5 - Phosphate) .5-15 mg (1 mg) Parchem Quatrefolic ® - (6S)-5-methyltetrahydrofolate 50-800 mcg Gnosis glucosamine salt (100 mcg) Methylcobalamin 0.5-15 mcg Parchem (2 mcg)

Example 15 (Immune-Children)

Amount Per Serving

(45) TABLE-US-00014 Ingredient Name Amount Source Vitamin C (from Acerola Cherry fruit extract) 20-150 mg (80 mg) FutureCeuticals Elderberry 25-100 mg FutureCeuticals (50 mg) Black Currant 5-50 mg (10 mg) FutureCeuticals Blackberry 5-50 mg (10 mg) FutureCeuticals Blueberry 5-50 mg (10 mg) FutureCeuticals Raspberry 5-50 mg (10 mg) FutureCeuticals Pomegranate 5-50 mg (10 mg) FutureCeuticals D3 Vegan Cholecalciferol (VitaShine ®) 5-50 mcg (5 mcg) The GHT Companies Zinc Bisglycinate Chelate 2-15 mg (4 mg) Albion/Balchem Vitamin B6 (as Pyridoxal - 5 - Phosphate) .5-15 mg (1 mg) Parchem Quatrefolic ® - (6S)-5-methyltetrahydrofolate 50-800 mcg Gnosis glucosamine salt (100 mcg) Methylcobalamin 0.5-15 mcg Parchem (1 mcg)

Example 16 (Calcium-Adult)

Amount Per Serving

(46) TABLE-US-00015 Ingredient Name Amount Source Calcium (as Calcium Bisglycinate Chelate) 50-600 mg Albion/Balchem (200 mg) Calcium (as Calcium potassium phosphate 50-600 mg Albion/Balchem citrate: Calci-K ®) (50 mg) D3 Vegan Cholecalciferol (VitaShine ®) 5-50 mcg (5 mcg) The GHT Companies Vitamin K2 (as Menaquinone-7: VitaMK7C ®) 2-100 mcg Gnosis (10 mcg) Magnesium (as Magnesium Bisglycinate 10-400 mg Albion/Balchem Chelate) (250 mg) Zinc (as Zinc Bisglycinate Chelate) 2-15 mg Albion/Balchem (6 mg) Boron: (as Calcium Fructoborate: FruiteX-B ®) .25mcg-2 mg FutureCeuticals (200 mcg) Vitamin B6 (as Pyridoxal - 5 - Phosphate) 0.5-50 mg (1 mg) Parchem Quatrefolic ® - (6S)-5-methyltetrahydrofolate 50-800 mcg Gnosis glucosamine salt (100 mcg) Vitamin B12 (as Methylcobalamin) 0.5-15 mcg Parchem (2 mcg)

Example 17 (Calcium-Children)

Amount Per Serving

(47) TABLE-US-00016 Ingredient Name Amount Source Calcium (as Calcium Bisglycinate Chelate) 50-600 mg Albion/Balchem (125 mg) Calcium (as Calcium potassium phosphate 50-600 mg Albion/Balchem citrate: Calci-K ®) (25 mg) D3 Vegan Cholecalciferol (VitaShine ®) 5-50 mcg (5 mcg) The GHT Companies 2-100 mcg Vitamin K2 (as Menaquinone-7: VitaMK7C ®) (5 mcg) Gnosis Magnesium (as Magnesium Bisglycinate 10-400 mg Albion/Balchem Chelate) (150 mg) Zinc (as Zinc Bisglycinate Chelate) 2-15 mg Albion/Balchem (4 mg) Boron: (as Calcium Fructoborate: FruiteX-B ®) .25mcg-2 mg FutureCeuticals (100 mcg) Vitamin B6 (as Pyridoxal - 5 - Phosphate) 0.5-50 mg (1 mg) Parchem Quatrefolic ® - (6S)-5-methyltetrahydrofolate 50-800 mcg Gnosis glucosamine salt (100 mcg) Vitamin B12 (as Methylcobalamin) 0.5-15 mcg Parchem (1 mcg)

Example 18 (Brain & Eye Health-Adult)

Amount Per Serving

(48) TABLE-US-00017 Ingredient Name Amount Source Omega Oil (Chia Oil & DHA from Algae Oil) 100-800 mg DSM (275 mg) Vitamin B6 (as Pyridoxal - 5 - Phosphate) 0.5-50 mg (1 mg) Parchem Quatrefolic ® - (6S)-5-methyltetrahydrofolate 50-800 mcg glucosamine salt (200 mcg) Gnosis Vitamin B12 (as Methylcobalamin) 0.5-15 mcg Parchem (2 mcg) Choline (as Citicoline: Cognizin ®) 2-600 mg Kyowa Hakko USA (200 mg) Lutein (from marigolds: FloraGlo ®) 10 mcg-10 mg Kemin / DSM (4 mg) Zeaxanthin (from marigolds: ZeaOne ®) 10 mcg-10 mg Kemin / DSM (1 mg) Lycopene (from tomato extract: redivivo ®) 10 mcg-10 mg Kemin / DSM (1 mg) Fruit powder blend: 20-200 mg FutureCeuticals (Strawberry, Raspberry, Blueberry, Tart Cherry, (50 mg) Elderberry, Cranberry)

Example 19 (Brain & Eye Health-Children)

Amount Per Serving

(49) TABLE-US-00018 Ingredient Name Amount Source Omega Oil (Chia Oil & DHA from Algae Oil) 100-800 mg DSM (275 mg) Vitamin B6 (as Pyridoxal - 5 - Phosphate) 0.5-50 mg (1 mg) Parchem Quatrefolic ® - (6S)-5-methyltetrahydrofolate 50-800 mcg Gnosis glucosamine salt (200 mcg) Vitamin B12 (as Methylcobalamin) 0.5-15 mcg Parchem (1 mcg) Choline (as Citicoline: Cognizin ®) 2-600 mg Kyowa Hakko USA (50 mg) Lutein (from marigolds: FloraGlo ®) 10 mcg-10 mg Kemin/DSM (2 mg) Zeaxanthin (from marigolds: ZeaOne ®) 10 mcg-10 mg Kemin/DSM (500 mcg) Lycopene (from tomato extract: redivivo ®) 10 mcg-10 mg Kemin/DSM (500 mcg) Raspberry fruit powder 25-100 mg FutureCeuticals (60 mg)

Example 20 (Vitamin D3-Adult)

Amount Per Serving

(50) TABLE-US-00019 Ingredient Name Amount Source D3 Vegan Cholecalciferol (VitaShine ®) 5-50 mcg (25 mcg) The GHT Companies Vitamin K2 (as Menaquinone-7: VitaMK7C ®) 2-100 mcg Gnosis (5 mcg) Vitamin B6 (as Pyridoxal - 5 - Phosphate) 0.5-50 mg (1 mg) Parchem Quatrefolic ® - (6S)-5-methyltetrahydrofolate 50-800 mcg glucosamine salt (200 mcg) Gnosis Vitamin B12 (as Methylcobalamin) 0.5-15 mcg Parchem (2 mcg) Boron: (as Calcium Fructoborate: FruiteX-B ®) .25mcg-2 mg FutureCeuticals (200 mcg) Fruit powder blend: 20-200 mg FutureCeuticals (Strawberry, Raspberry, Blueberry, Tart Cherry, (50 mg) Elderberry, Cranberry)

Example 21 (Vitamin D3-Children)

Amount Per Serving

(51) TABLE-US-00020 Ingredient Name Amount Source D3 Vegan Cholecalciferol (VitaShine ®) 5-50 mcg (15 mcg) The GHT Companies Vitamin B6 (as Pyridoxal - 5 - Phosphate) 0.5-50 mg (1 mg) Parchem Quatrefolic ® - (6S)-5-methyltetrahydrofolate 50-800 mcg Gnosis glucosamine salt (200 mcg) Vitamin B12 (as Methylcobalamin) 0.5-15 mcg Parchem (1 mcg) Fruit powder blend: 20-200 mg FutureCeuticals (Strawberry, Raspberry, Blueberry, Tart Cherry, (25 mg) Elderberry, Cranberry)

Example 22 (Eye Health-Adult)

Amount Per Serving

(52) TABLE-US-00021 Ingredient Name Amount Source Lutein (from marigolds: FloraGlo ®) 10 mcg-10 mg Kemin/DSM (8 mg) Zeaxanthin (from marigolds: ZeaOne ®) .5-3 mg (2 mg) Kemin/DSM Vitamin B6 (as Pyridoxal - 5 - Phosphate) 0.5-50 mg (1 mg) Parchem Quatrefolic ® - (6S)-5-methyltetrahydrofolate 50-800 mcg glucosamine salt (100 mcg) Gnosis Vitamin B12 (as Methylcobalamin) 0.5-15 mcg Parchem (2 mcg) Bilberry fruit powder 25-100 mg FutureCeuticals (50 mg) Fruit powder blend: 20-200 mg FutureCeuticals (Strawberry, Raspberry, Blueberry, Tart Cherry, (50 mg) Elderberry, Cranberry)

Example 23 (Caffeine)

Amount Per Serving

(53) TABLE-US-00022 Ingredient Name Amount Source Caffeine (from Organic Coffeeberry ® Energy 25-200 mg FutureCeuticals organic coffee fruit caffeine) (50 mg) Vitamin B6 (as Pyridoxal - 5 - Phosphate) 0.5-50 mg (1 mg) Parchem Quatrefolic ® - (6S)-5-methyltetrahydrofolate 50-800 mcg Gnosis glucosamine salt (200 mcg) Vitamin B12 (as Methylcobalamin) 0.5-15 mcg Parchem (2 mcg) 25-200 mg Taiyo International L-Theanine (Suntheanine ®) (100 mg)

Example 24 (Iron-Adult)

Amount Per Serving

(54) TABLE-US-00023 Ingredient Name Amount Source Vitamin C (from Acerola Cherry fruit 20-150 mg FutureCeuticals extract) (30 mg) Iron (as Ferric Glycinate) 2-30 mg Albion/Balchem (18 mg) Vitamin B6 (as Pyridoxal-5- 0.5-50 mg Parchem Phosphate) (1 mg) Quatrefolic ®-(6S)-5-methyltetra- 50-800 mcg Gnosis hydrofolate glucosamine salt (200 mcg) Vitamin B12 (as Methylcobalamin) 0.5-15 mcg Parchem (2 mcg) Fruit powder blend: 20-200 mg FutureCeuticals (Strawberry, Raspberry, Blueberry, (50 mg) Tart Cherry, Elderberry, Cranberry)

Example 25 (Iron-Children)

Amount Per Serving

(55) TABLE-US-00024 Ingredient Name Amount Source Vitamin C (from Acerola Cherry 20-150 mg FutureCeuticals fruit extract) (20 mg) Iron (as Ferric Glycinate) 2-30 mg Albion/Balchem (10 mg) Vitamin B6 (as Pyridoxal-5- 0.5-50 mg Parchem Phosphate) (1 mg) Quatrefolic ®-(6S)-5-methyltetra- 50-800 mcg Gnosis hydrofolate glucosamine salt (200 mcg) Vitamin B12 (as Methylcobalamin) 0.5-15 mcg Parchem (1 mcg) Fruit powder blend: 20-200 mg FutureCeuticals (Strawberry, Raspberry, Blueberry, (50 mg) Tart Cherry, Elderberry, Cranberry)

Example 26 (Vitamin C)

Amount Per Serving

(56) TABLE-US-00025 Ingredient Name Amount Source Vitamin C (from Acerola Cherry 20-150 mg FutureCeuticals fruit extract) (150 mg) Quercetin 50-200 mg FutureCeuticals (50 mg) Vitamin B6 (as Pyridoxal-5- 0.5-50 mg Parchem Phosphate) (1 mg) Quatrefolic ®-(6S)-5-methyltetra- 50-800 mcg Gnosis hydrofolate glucosamine salt (100 mcg) Vitamin B12 (as Methylcobalamin) 0.5-15 mcg Parchem (2 mcg) Fruit powder blend: 20-200 mg FutureCeuticals (Strawberry, Raspberry, Blueberry, (50 mg) Tart Cherry, Elderberry, Cranberry)

Example 27 (Choline & Coffee Fruit Extract)

Amount Per Serving

(57) TABLE-US-00026 Ingredient Name Amount Source Choline (as Citicoline: Cognizin ®) 2-600 mg Kyowa Hakko (250 mg) USA Vitamin B6 (as Pyridoxal-5- 0.5-50 mg Parchem Phosphate) (2 mg) Quatrefolic ®-(6S)-5-methyltetra- 50-800 mcg Gnosis hydrofolate glucosamine salt (200 mcg) Vitamin B12 (as Methylcobalamin) 0.5-15 mcg Parchem (2 mcg) Whole coffee fruit extract: 25-200 mg FutureCeuticals NeuroFactor ™ (100 mg) Fruit powder blend: 20-200 mg FutureCeuticals (Strawberry, Raspberry, Blueberry, (50 mg) Tart Cherry, Elderberry, Cranberry)

Example 28 (Post Workout Recovery)

Amount Per Serving

(58) TABLE-US-00027 Ingredient Name Amount Source Whole Montmorency tart cherry 300-500 mg FutureCeuticals fruit powder: VitaCherry ® Sport (480 mg) Quercetin 100-300 mg FutureCeuticals (250 mg) Vitamin C (from Acerola Cherry 20-80 mg FutureCeuticals fruit extract) (40 mg) Whole coffee fruit extract: 50-500 mg FutureCeuticals Coffeeberry ® Cascara (50 mg) Magnesium (as Magnesium 10-200 mg Albion/Balchem Bisglycinate Chelate) (40 mg) Zinc (as Zinc Bisglycinate Chelate) 2-15 mg Albion/Balchem (4 mg) Boron: (as Calcium Fructoborate: .25 mcg-2 mg FutureCeuticals FruiteX-B ®) (500 mcg) Senonian Trace Minerals: elemin ® 5-20 mg FutureCeuticals (10 mg) Vitamin B6 (as Pyridoxal-5- 0.5-50 mg Parchem Phosphate) (2 mg) Quatrefolic ®-(6S)-5-methyltetra- 50-800 mcg Gnosis hydrofolate glucosamine salt (200 mcg) Vitamin B12 (as Methylcobalamin) 0.5-15 mcg Parchem (2 mcg) Fruit powder blend: 20-200 mg FutureCeuticals (Strawberry, Raspberry, Blueberry, (50 mg) Tart Cherry, Elderberry, Cranberry)

Example 29 (Sport Performance with Caffeine)

Amount Per Serving

(59) TABLE-US-00028 Ingredient Name Amount Source Caffeine (from Organic Coffeeberry ® 25-200 mg FutureCeuticals Energy organic coffee fruit caffeine) (50 mg) Ancient peat and apple extract: 100-200 mg FutureCeuticals elevATP ® (150 mg) Vitamin C (from Acerola Cherry 20-80 mg FutureCeuticals fruit extract) (20 mg) Thiamin (as Cocarboxylase) .25-5 mg Parchem (.25 mg) Niacin (as Inositol hexanicotinate and 2-25 mg Parchem nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) (4 mg) Riboflavin (as Riboflavin-5- .25-5 mg Parchem Phosphate) (.25 mg) Pantothenic Acid (as Pantethine: 1-15 mg Kyowa Hakko Pantesin ®) (1 mg) USA Vitamin B6 (as Pyridoxal-5- 0.5-50 mg Parchem Phosphate) (2 mg) Quatrefolic ®-(6S)-5-methyltetra- 50-800 mcg Gnosis hydrofolate glucosamine salt (200 mcg) Vitamin B12 (as Methylcobalamin) 0.5-15 mcg Parchem (2 mcg) Choline (as Citicoline: Cognizin ®) 2-600 mg Kyowa Hakko (20 mg) USA Fruit powder blend: 20-200 mg FutureCeuticals (Strawberry, Raspberry, Blueberry, (50 mg) Tart Cherry, Elderberry, Cranberry)

Example 30 (Sport Performance)

Amount Per Serving

(60) TABLE-US-00029 Ingredient Name Amount Source Ancient peat and apple extract: 100-200 mg FutureCeuticals elevATP ® (150 mg) Vitamin C (from Acerola Cherry 20-80 mg FutureCeuticals fruit extract) (20 mg) Thiamin (as Cocarboxylase) .25-5 mg Parchem (.25 mg) Niacin (as Inositol hexanicotinate and 2-25 mg Parchem nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) (4 mg) Riboflavin (as Riboflavin-5- .25-5 mg Parchem Phosphate) (.25 mg) Pantothenic Acid (as Pantethine: 1-15 mg Kyowa Hakko Pantesin ®) (1 mg) USA Vitamin B6 (as Pyridoxal-5- 0.5-50 mg Parchem Phosphate) (2 mg) Quatrefolic ®-(6S)-5-methyltetra- 50-800 mcg Gnosis hydrofolate glucosamine salt (200 mcg) Vitamin B12 (as Methylcobalamin) 0.5-15 mcg Parchem (2 mcg) Choline (as Citicoline: Cognizin ®) 2-600 mg Kyowa Hakko (20 mg) USA Fruit powder blend: 20-200 mg FutureCeuticals (Strawberry, Raspberry, Blueberry, (50 mg) Tart Cherry, Elderberry, Cranberry)

Example 31 (Prenatal Multivitamin)

Amount Per Serving

(61) TABLE-US-00030 Ingredient Name Amount Source Vitamin C (as Ascorbic Acid) 20-150 mg Parchem (60 mg) D3 Vegan Cholecalciferol 5-50 mcg The GHT (VitaShine ®) (40 mcg) Companies Vitamin E (as d-alpha tocopherol 5-100 IU Marroquin succinate) (10 IU) Organics Vitamin K2 (as Menaquinone-7: 2-100 mcg Gnosis VitaMK7 ®) (60 mcg) Niacin (as Inositol hexanicotinate and 2-25 mg Parchem nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) (10 mg) Thiamin (as Cocarboxylase) .25-5 mg Parchem (2 mg) Riboflavin (as Riboflavin-5- .25-5 mg Parchem Phosphate) (1 mg) Pantothenic Acid (as Pantethine: 2-15 mg Kyowa Hakko Pantesin ®) (4 mg) USA Vitamin B6 (as Pyridoxal-5- 0.5-50 mg Parchem Phosphate) (6 mg) Quatrefolic ®-(6S)-5-methyltetra- 50-800 mcg Gnosis hydrofolate glucosamine salt (800 mcg) Vitamin B12 (as Methylcobalamin) 0.5-15 mcg Parchem (8 mcg) Biotin (as d-Biotin) 5-300 mcg DSM (30 mcg) Iodine (as Potassium Iodide) 10-200 mcg Parchem (150 mcg) Choline (as Citicoline: Cognizin ®) 2-600 mg Kyowa Hakko (50 mg) USA Boron: (as Calcium Fructoborate: .25 mcg-2 mg FutureCeuticals FruiteX-B ®) (1 mg) Zinc (as Zinc Bisglycinate Chelate) 2-15 mg Albion/Balchem (10 mg) Selenium (as Selenium Glycinate 8-75 mcg Albion/Balchem Complex) (20 mcg) Iron (as Ferrous Bisglycinate Chelate: 2-30 mg Albion/Balchem Ferrocher) (22 mg) Magnesium (as Magnesium 10-200 mg Albion/Balchem Bisglycinate Chelate) (30 mg) Copper (as Copper Bisglycinate .1-2 mg Albion/Balchem Chelate) (1 mg) Omega Oil (DHA from Algae Oil) 100-800 mg DSM (300 mg) Fruit and vegetable powder blend: 20-200 mg FutureCeuticals (Strawberry, Raspberry, Blueberry, (60 mg) Tart Cherry, Elderberry, Cranberry, Broccoli, Broccoli Sprouts, Tomato, Carrot, Spinach, Kale)

Example 32 (Children's Multivitamin)

Amount Per Serving

(62) TABLE-US-00031 Ingredient Name Amount Source Vitamin C (from Acerola Cherry 20-150 mg FutureCeuticals fruit extract) (40 mg) D3 Vegan Cholecalciferol 5-50 mcg The GHT (VitaShine ®) (10 mcg) Companies Vitamin E (as d-alpha tocopherol 5-100 IU Marroquin succinate) (6 IU) Organics Vitamin K2 (as Menaquinone-7: 2-100 mcg Gnosis VitaMK7 ®) (5 mcg) Niacin (as Inositol hexanicotinate and 2-25 mg Parchem nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) (5 mg) Thiamin (as Cocarboxylase) .25-5 mg Parchem (.3 mg) Riboflavin (as Riboflavin-5- .25-5 mg Parchem Phosphate) (.425 mg) Pantothenic Acid (as Pantethine: 2-15 mg Kyowa Hakko Pantesin ®) (2 mg) USA Vitamin B6 (as Pyridoxal-5- 0.5-50 mg Parchem Phosphate) (1 mg) Quatrefolic ®-(6S)-5-methyltetra- 50-800 mcg Gnosis hydrofolate glucosamine salt (200 mcg) Vitamin B12 (as Methylcobalamin) 0.5-15 mcg Parchem (2 mcg) Biotin (as d-Biotin) 5-300 mcg DSM (20 mcg) Iodine (from Kelp) 10-200 mcg Parchem (40 mcg) Choline (as Citicoline: Cognizin ®) 2-600 mg Kyowa Hakko (50 mg) USA Boron: (as Calcium Fructoborate: .25 mcg-2 mg FutureCeuticals FruiteX-B ®) (100 mcg) Zinc (as Zinc Bisglycinate Chelate) 2-15 mg Albion/Balchem (4 mg) Iron (as Ferric Glycinate) 2-30 mg Albion/Balchem (6 mg) Magnesium (as Magnesium 10-200 mg Albion/Balchem Bisglycinate Chelate) (20 mg) Selenium (as Selenium Glycinate 8-75 mcg Albion/Balchem Complex) (10 mcg) Lutein (from marigolds: FloraGlo ®) 10 mcg-2 mg Kemin/DSM (50 mcg) Zeaxanthin (from marigolds: 10 mcg-2 mg Kemin/DSM ZeaOne ®) (50 mcg) Inulin (from Jerusalem Artichoke Root 5-30 mg The Green Labs (20 mg) Rose Hips: AuroraRed ®) 5-50 mg Denali (10 mg) BioTechnologies Fruit Enzyme Blend 5-20 mg FutureCeuticals (10 mg) Fruit and vegetable powder blend: 20-200 mg FutureCeuticals Blueberry, Strawberry, Raspberry, (200 mg) Cherry, Elderberry, Cranberry, Blackberry, Bilberry, Black Currant, Pomegranate, Broccoli, Broccoli Sprouts, Tomato, Carrot, Spinach, Kale, Cauliflower, Brussels Sprouts, Beet, Orange, Collard Greens, Lemon, Lime, Apple, Grape, Grape Seed, Pineapple, Goji Berry, Banana, Mango, Kiwi, Onion, Cucumber, Watermelon, Aronia Berry, Acai Berry, Cabbage, Asparagus, Pear, Red bell pepper, Green bell pepper, Plum, Parsley, Sweet potato, Radish sprouts, Okra, Pumpkin

Example 33 (Immune)

Amount Per Serving

(63) TABLE-US-00032 Ingredient Name Amount Source Vitamin C (from Acerola Cherry 20-80 mg FutureCeuticals fruit extract) (40 mg) Beta-Glucan from Algae: BetaVia ® 50-300 mg Kemin/DSM (200 mg) Vitamin B6 (as Pyridoxal-5- .5-15 mg Parchem Phosphate) (1 mg) Quatrefolic ®-(6S)-5-methyltetra- 50-800 mcg Gnosis hydrofolate glucosamine salt (100 mcg) Methylcobalamin 0.5-15 mcg Parchem (2 mcg) Fruit powder blend: 20-200 mg FutureCeuticals (Strawberry, Raspberry, Blueberry, (50 mg) Tart Cherry, Elderberry, Cranberry)

Example 34 (Trace Minerals)

Amount Per Serving

(64) TABLE-US-00033 Ingredient Name Amount Source Senonian Trace Minerals: elemin ® 5-20 mg FutureCeuticals (10 mg) Vitamin B6 (as Pyridoxal-5- .5-15 mg Parchem Phosphate) (1 mg) Quatrefolic ®-(6S)-5-methyltetra- 50-800 mcg Gnosis hydrofolate glucosamine salt (100 mcg) Methylcobalamin 0.5-15 mcg Parchem (2 mcg) Fruit powder blend: 20-200 mg FutureCeuticals (Strawberry, Raspberry, Blueberry, (50 mg) Tart Cherry, Elderberry, Cranberry)

Example 35 (Caffeine)

Amount Per Serving

(65) TABLE-US-00034 Ingredient Name Amount Source Caffeine (from Organic Coffeeberry ® 25-200 mg FutureCeuticals Energy organic coffee fruit caffeine) (90 mg) Vitamin B6 (as Pyridoxal-5- 0.5-50 mg Parchem Phosphate) (1 mg) Quatrefolic ®-(6S)-5-methyltetra- 50-800 mcg Gnosis hydrofolate glucosamine salt (200 mcg) Vitamin B12 (as Methylcobalamin) 0.5-15 mcg Parchem (2 mcg)

Example 36 (Vitamin A from Fruits & Vegetables)

Amount Per Serving

(66) TABLE-US-00035 Ingredient Name Amount Source Apricot powder 20-150 mg FutureCeuticals (100 mg) Broccoli powder 20-150 mg FutureCeuticals (100 mg) Carrot powder 20-150 mg FutureCeuticals (100 mg) Kale powder 20-150 mg FutureCeuticals (100 mg) Mango powder 20-150 mg FutureCeuticals (100 mg) Pumpkin powder 20-150 mg FutureCeuticals (100 mg) Red bell pepper powder 20-150 mg FutureCeuticals (100 mg) Spinach powder 20-150 mg FutureCeuticals (100 mg) Sweet potato powder 20-150 mg FutureCeuticals (100 mg) Tomato powder 20-150 mg FutureCeuticals (100 mg) Vitamin B6 (as Pyridoxal-5- .5-15 mg Parchem Phosphate) (1 mg) Quatrefolic ®-(6S)-5-methyltetra- 50-800 mcg Gnosis hydrofolate glucosamine salt (100 mcg) Methylcobalamin 0.5-15 mcg Parchem (2 mcg)

Example 37 (Super B Complex)

Amount Per Serving

(67) TABLE-US-00036 Ingredient Name Amount Source Vitamin B6 (as Pyridoxal-5- 0.5-50 mg Parchem Phosphate) (6 mg) Quatrefolic ®-(6S)-5-methyltetra- 50-800 mcg Gnosis hydrofolate glucosamine salt (800 mcg) Vitamin B12 (as Methylcobalamin) 0.5-15 mcg Parchem (8 mcg) Niacin (as Inositol hexanicotinate and 2-25 mg Parchem nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) (10 mg) Thiamin (as Cocarboxylase) .25-5 mg Parchem (.5 mg) Riboflavin (as Riboflavin-5- .25-5 mg Parchem Phosphate) (.5 mg) Pantothenic Acid (as Pantethine: 2-15 mg Kyowa Hakko Pantesin ®) (2.5 mg) USA Biotin (as d-Biotin) 5-300 mcg DSM (20 mcg) Vitamin C (from Acerola Cherry 20-150 mg FutureCeuticals fruit extract) (20 mg) Choline (as Citicoline: Cognizin ®) 2-600 mg Kyowa Hakko (20 mg) USA Fruit powder blend: 20-200 mg FutureCeuticals (Strawberry, Raspberry, Blueberry, (50 mg) Tart Cherry, Elderberry, Cranberry)

Example 38 (Healthy Veins)

Amount Per Serving

(68) TABLE-US-00037 Ingredient Name Amount Source Vitamin C (from Acerola Cherry 20-150 mg FutureCeuticals fruit extract) (50 mg) Vitamin B6 (as Pyridoxal-5- 0.5-50 mg Parchem Phosphate) (6 mg) Quatrefolic ®-(6S)-5-methyltetra- 50-800 mcg Gnosis hydrofolate glucosamine salt (800 mcg) Vitamin B12 (as Methylcobalamin) 0.5-15 mcg Parchem (8 mcg) Resveratrol powder 30-60 mg FutureCeuticals (50 mg) Grape seed extract: VitaGrape ™ 50-100 mg FutureCeuticals (50 mg) Bilberry fruit powder 25-100 mg FutureCeuticals (50 mg) Quercetin 50-200 mg FutureCeuticals (100 mg) Fruit powder blend: 20-200 mg FutureCeuticals (Strawberry, Raspberry, Blueberry, (50 mg) Tart Cherry, Elderberry, Cranberry)

(69) It will be understood that Examples 4-7 may comprise standalone vitamin supplement compositions and/or be incorporated into Examples 1-3. Moreover, Examples 1-38 may comprise derivatives and/or any hybrid of one another. Examples 1-38 may also be combined, in whole or in part, to express a new and/or modified example. Preferred amounts for one or more of the above-identified Examples are provided therewithin in parentheses.

(70) It will be further understood that any reference to compounds disclosed herein includes salts and/or solvates of the same.

(71) The foregoing description merely explains and illustrates the invention and the invention is not limited thereto except insofar as the appended claims are so limited, as those skilled in the art who have the disclosure before them will be able to make modifications without departing from the scope of the invention.

(72) While certain embodiments have been illustrated and described, it should be understood that changes and modifications can be made therein in accordance with ordinary skill in the art without departing from the technology in its broader aspects as defined in the following claims.

(73) The embodiments, illustratively described herein may suitably be practiced in the absence of any element or elements, limitation or limitations, not specifically disclosed herein. Thus, for example, the terms “comprising,” “including,” “containing,” etcetera shall be read expansively and without limitation. Additionally, the terms and expressions employed herein have been used as terms of description and not of limitation, and there is no intention in the use of such terms and expressions of excluding any equivalents of the features shown and described or portions thereof, but it is recognized that various modifications are possible within the scope of the claimed technology. Additionally, the phrase “consisting essentially of” will be understood to include those elements specifically recited and those additional elements that do not materially affect the basic and novel characteristics of the claimed technology. The phrase “consisting of” excludes any element not specified.

(74) The present disclosure is not to be limited in terms of the particular embodiments described in this application. Many modifications and variations can be made without departing from its spirit and scope, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Functionally equivalent methods and compositions within the scope of the disclosure, in addition to those enumerated herein, will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the foregoing descriptions. Such modifications and variations are intended to fall within the scope of the appended claims. The present disclosure is to be limited only by the terms of the appended claims, along with the full scope of equivalents to which such claims are entitled. It is to be understood that this disclosure is not limited to particular methods, reagents, compounds compositions or biological systems, which can of course vary. It is also to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only, and is not intended to be limiting.

(75) In addition, where features or aspects of the disclosure are described in terms of Markush groups, those skilled in the art will recognize that the disclosure is also thereby described in terms of any individual member or subgroup of members of the Markush group.

(76) As will be understood by one skilled in the art, for any and all purposes, particularly in terms of providing a written description, all ranges disclosed herein also encompass any and all possible subranges and combinations of subranges thereof. Any listed range can be easily recognized as sufficiently describing and enabling the same range being broken down into at least equal halves, thirds, quarters, fifths, tenths, etcetera. As a non-limiting example, each range discussed herein can be readily broken down into a lower third, middle third and upper third, etcetera. As will also be understood by one skilled in the art all language such as “up to,” “at least,” “greater than,” “less than,” and the like, include the number recited and refer to ranges which can be subsequently broken down into subranges as discussed above. Finally, as will be understood by one skilled in the art, a range includes each individual member.

(77) All publications, patent applications, issued patents, and other documents referred to in this specification are herein incorporated by reference as if each individual publication, patent application, issued patent, or other document was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference in its entirety. Definitions that are contained in text incorporated by reference are excluded to the extent that they contradict definitions in this disclosure.

(78) Other embodiments are set forth in the following claims.